CN109145376A - A kind of reservoir flood area based on CAD topographic map determines method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of reservoir flood areas based on CAD topographic map of the analysis for belonging to flood control water disaster and prevention technique field to determine method.Elevation point data can be extracted by GIS by the pretreatment to CAD data file using existing CAD terrain data resource；Recycle GIS that elevational point is converted to dem data, finally method for flood submerged area, depth of immersion and inundated area is carried out using the dem data being converted to analyze, this method is based on the common CAD formatted data of current exploration results, be conducive to maximally utilize currently existing landform exploration results, flood risk analysis cost is reduced, human and material resources, financial resources investment are reduced；This method is flooded analysis method and flood analysis to flood using passive, method and step simplicity, and visual results are convenient for promoting as it can be seen that of less demanding to operator's technical level.
Description
Technical field
It is the invention belongs to the analysis for water disaster of controlling flood and prevention technique field, in particular to a kind of based on CAD topographic map
Reservoir flood area determines method.
Background technique
China is the very frequent country of a natural calamity, and flood seriously threatens always people's lives and properties peace
Complete and society stabilization and development.In recent decades, the development and utilization of water resource constantly expand, and urban and rural economies construction is rapidly sent out
Exhibition, frequency that flood occurs and its caused by lose also continuous increase.Therefore, quickly, accurate, scientific simulation, prediction and
It shows method for flood submerged area, to play flood control project benefit, and flood harm is mitigated with non-engineering measure, to flood control and disaster reduction
It is of great significance.At present analysis of flood inundation method mainly include the following types:
(1) hydraulic model.It is divided into a peacekeeping two dimensional model.One-dimensional hydraulic model is primarily used to simulating riverway and pipe
The water flow movement rule in road.Famous foreign software such as Gary storm water man- agement model (Storm Water Management
Model, SWMM) and urban drainage pipe network model (Modeling of Urban Sewer, MOUSE) be all made of one-dimensional hydrodynamic force
It learns principle and constructs model.This method biggest advantage is that stability is good, precision is high, computational efficiency is high.But be not suitable for solving anxious
The defects of stream, the flowing such as critical flow, processing Gan Tan and relatively difficult small depth of water.Two-dimentional hydraulic model can more fully hereinafter consider
The characteristic distributions of landform and building, physical motion process of the preferable simulation flood in two-dimensional space, are mainly used to simulate
Square, flood storage areas etc. do not have the region of one-dimensional characteristic, can provide more detailed flowing information, and can provide flood in detail
The situation of change of each hydraulic elements value in water evolution process.Currently, establishing, such model difficulty is larger, and solution is also cumbersome,
It is required that data is detailed, but its simulation accuracy is relatively high.Although hydrodynamic model can accurately simulate advance of freshet
Process, but since hydraulic model modeling process is complicated, modeling is costly, and versatility is bad, and a regional model cannot answer
Use another area.
(2) GIS-Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System, GIS).Utilize the spatial analysis of GIS
Ability can analyze submergence ratio, depth of immersion, inundated area of flood etc..Such as to plain beautiful (1995) according to Mathematical Morphology
It learns and geodesic circle concept, researching and designing " expansion " simulation algorithm and submergence ratio searching algorithm of flood range of scatter, and general
Model is applied to the analysis of flood inundation in city；Yang Yi etc. (2009) is based on flow path algorithm, and in conjunction with hydrologic method
Establish urban storm ponding model；Liu Renyi etc. (2001) will drown out based on digital complex demodulation and be divided into active flood
It is not flooded with passive, carries out flooding analytical calculation using seed spread algorithm.Flood-inundated simulation based on GIS be unable to do without number
The support of elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM), but survey and design department still uses calculating substantially at present
Machine Computer Aided Design (Computer Aided Design, CAD) carries out exploration and design drawing, and phasic results are still CAD format
Electronic data and its paper drawing the output form of expression, high-precision dem data is not widely present.
(3) analysis of flood inundation is carried out using satellite remote sensing date.Freshwater monitoring is carried out using satellite remote-sensing image data
Techniqueflow mainly include solution formulation, data acquisition, data prediction, information extraction, thematic mapping and assessment report
The related links such as generation.Radiant correction, geometric correction, atmospheric correction, shadow are carried out to the satellite remote-sensing image data of acquisition first
As cutting and inlaying, the processing such as colored synthesis and enhancing, produce the professional remote sensing image number that can preferably reflect Flood Information
According to；Relevant information is extracted by man-machine interaction method based on the satellite remote-sensing image again；Finally make thematic map, statistics phase
Data are closed, and generate corresponding assessment report.However satellite remote sensing date acquisition is limited to the factors such as weather environment, revisiting period,
The missing that information results in part remotely-sensed data cannot be received all the period of time, flood can not be recorded within the period for receiving information and is flooded
Do not have the evolution process of range and historical information, is unable to complete the prediction of information yet.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of reservoir flood areas based on CAD topographic map to determine method, which is characterized in that
Elevation points can be extracted by GIS by the pretreatment to CAD data file using existing CAD terrain data resource
According to；Recycle GIS that elevational point is converted to dem data, finally using the dem data being converted to carry out method for flood submerged area,
Depth of immersion and inundated area analysis, its step are as follows:
(1) CAD topographic map elevational point segment decomposes, and the elevational point of CAD topographic map is segment, has a height in segment
Journey point and its height value mark；GIS is unable to segment in Direct Recognition CAD, and segment can only be identified as polygon, is importing GIS
Before need to carry out " fried block " processing using " Hunan source regulatory control " software, segment is divided into elevational point and height value and is marked；
(2) CAD elevation point data is extracted and is corrected, and the segment in CAD topographic map is by a variety of map overlays, in commercialization
In software Arc GIS, the affiliated figure layer of CAD elevation point data is entitled " mark ", and " mark " is in English edition Arc GIS software
For " Annotation "；It is " shapes file " by " analysis tool case-extracting tool collection-select tools " separation and Extraction, it is described
" shapes file " is in one of Arc GIS file format, i.e. " Shape-file " file；
(3) CAD elevational point is converted to DEM file；The aforementioned obtained CAD elevational point that extracts is vector file, vector
Dotted altitude data be converted to the DEM altitude data model of continuous planar and need to carry out interpolation, which can not be direct
It is raster data by vector interpolation, therefore first interpolation is needed to generate irregular triangle network (Triangulated Irregular
Network, TIN) format vectored digital triangle mesh model, then be translated into grid digital complex demodulation file；
(4) DEM subregion is divided according to flood return water line.It is each calculating cross section place and corresponding water that flood, which returns line data,
Position floods analysis to carry out return water, needs to establish profile data.According to each section at a distance from dam site, by along main stem
Heart line measures the mode of distance by hand, cross section place is demarcated in Arc GIS, and record the return water water level of each section part；Later,
According to the cross section place of calibration, DEM is divided into several child partitions.
(5) use passive method of flooding by subregion calculating method for flood submerged area, depth, area according to average water surface curve.It is right
Obtained all subregion is divided, be averaged water surface curve according to corresponding return water, using " raster symbol-base device " tool extraction flood
Return water water level region below subtracts elevation and obtains depth of immersion as return water flooding area, flood return water water level；To flooded area
The statistics for carrying out depth of immersion and area calculates, and it is corresponding that the available different depth of immersion of " reclassification " tool statistics can be used
Inundated area.
The TIN file that the mode that the step (1), (2) extract data will lead to generation in the abnormal meeting of height value goes out
Existing mistake, it is therefore desirable to use " field calculator " tool according to the data of " text " field to altitude data in " attribute list "
It corrects.
The concrete mode that step (3) the CAD elevational point is converted to DEM file is in Arc GIS using " three dimensional analysis
Tool box-data organizing tool collection-TIN tool set-creation TIN tool " generates TIN file, then uses " three dimensional analysis tool
Case-crossover tool collection-is turnstiled lattice tool by TIN turning out device collection-TIN " TIN file is converted into DEM file.
Present invention has the advantages that this method is based on the common CAD formatted data of current exploration results, be conducive to maximize
Using current existing landform exploration results, flood risk analysis cost is reduced, reduces human and material resources, financial resources investment；This method uses nothing
Source floods analysis method and carries out flooding analysis to flood, and method and step is easy, and visual results are as it can be seen that operator's technical level
It is of less demanding, it is convenient for promoting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for determining reservoir flood area.
Fig. 2 is the elevational point segment schematic diagram in CAD topographic map.
Fig. 3 is " shapes file " schematic diagram that CAD elevation point data is extracted.
Fig. 4 is to make amendment schematic diagram to altitude data according to the data of Text field.
Fig. 5 is the DEM schematic diagram for being converted to TIN file.
Fig. 6 is the return water hydrograph for recording each section part.
Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are the small towns range that may relate to be submerged.
Fig. 9 is 100 years one chance flood inundation on tracks depth.
Figure 10 is 50 years one chance flood inundation on tracks depth.
Specific embodiment
The present invention proposes that a kind of reservoir flood area based on CAD topographic map determines method, using existing CAD figurate number
Elevation point data can be extracted by GIS by the pretreatment to CAD data file according to resource；Recycle GIS by elevational point
Dem data is converted to, finally carries out method for flood submerged area, depth of immersion and inundated area point using the dem data being converted to
Analysis, step are as shown in Figure 1.Include:
(1) CAD topographic map elevational point segment.CAD topographic map is subjected to " fried block " processing using " Hunan source regulatory control " software, point
Solution is the segment with an elevational point and its height value mark.
(2) CAD elevation point data is extracted and is corrected, and the segment in CAD topographic map is by a variety of map overlays, in Arc
In GIS, the affiliated figure layer of CAD elevation point data entitled " mark " (being in English edition Arc GIS software " Annotation ") can
By " analysis tool case-extracting tool collection-select tools " from being extracted as " shapes file " (one of Arc GIS tray
Formula, i.e. " Shape-file " file)；
Usually there is the abnormal TIN that will lead to generation of some problems, especially height value in the data that aforesaid way extracts
There is mistake in file, it is therefore desirable to use " field calculator " tool according to the data of " text " field to height in " attribute list "
Number of passes evidence is corrected.
(3) CAD elevational point is converted to DEM file.The aforementioned obtained CAD elevational point that extracts is vector file, vector
Dotted altitude data be converted to the DEM altitude data model of continuous planar and need to carry out interpolation, which can not be direct
It is raster data by vector interpolation, therefore needs first interpolation to generate the vectored digital triangle mesh model of TIN format, then be translated into
Grid digital complex demodulation file." three dimensional analysis tool box-data organizing tool collection-TIN work can be used in Arc GIS
Have collection-creation TIN tool " TIN file is generated, then using " three dimensional analysis tool box-crossover tool collection-is by TIN turning out device
Collection-TIN turnstilees lattice tool " TIN file is converted into DEM.
(4) DEM subregion is divided according to flood return water line.It is each calculating cross section place and equivalent water level that flood, which returns line data,
Establish profile data.According to each section at a distance from dam site, by way of measuring distance by hand along main stem center line,
Cross section place is demarcated in Arc GIS, and records the return water water level of each section part.Later, according to the cross section place of calibration, by DEM
It is divided into several child partitions.
(5) use passive method of flooding by subregion calculating method for flood submerged area, depth, area according to average water surface curve.It is right
Flooded area carries out depth of immersion and the statistics of area calculates, and is explained with reference to the accompanying drawing with embodiment.
Embodiment
Based on the overall flow of the above-mentioned analysis of flood inundation method based on CAD topographic map and DEM, the present invention is with Guangdong Province
For the key water control project of the pond Han Jiang high, the pond Han Jiang high key water control project is located at that Guangdong Province Dapu County is domestic, is that the Chaozhou in the mainstream Han Jiang supplies
One comprehensive key water control project of water hinge upstream takes into account power generation and shipping etc. based on controlling flood, supply water.It is transported in reservoir flood storage
Used time since reservoir water conservation causes flood return water line to be lifted, and then causes to flood, flood so as to cause flood to reservoir bank
Do not lose.Loss is flooded for this to be analyzed.
According to the above process, when reservoir, which meets with 50 years one, meets with 100 years one chance floods, reservoir flood retention causes after adjusting flood
The more natural same frequency flood level of flood backed-up water level increases, increased retention, temporary inundation range will be caused to expand, to library
It causes on periphery centainly to flood loss in area, it is necessary to study it.
When meeting with 50 years one chances and 100 years one chance floods to reservoir, flood return water caused by reservoir water conservation floods model
Enclose, area, the depth of water are calculated, and calculate flood loss.According to submergence ratio on map, according to flood level and local elevation
Depth of the water submerging can be obtained.It can be according to the index in terms of material products number of different frequency flood inundation on tracks further according to the inundated area ratio of different water depth
Meter calculates the different water depth index in terms of material products quantity that is included, further according to the depth of the water submerging of different frequency flood in submergence ratio,
It extrapolates and floods duration, can determine the loss rate of inundation of different indexs in terms of material products, and then calculate loss caused by flood.
Through counting, 50 years one chance flood temporary inundations influence main index in terms of material products and are related to 25023 people of household registration population, permanent people
14138 people of mouth, house 861619m2, 8832 mu of arable land etc..100 years one chance flood temporary inundations influence main index in terms of material products and are related to
36489 people of household registration population, 20332 people of permanent resident population, house 1256429m2, 11553 mu of arable land etc..It is public for special facility
Road, transformer, transmission line of electricity, communication line, historical relic and school etc., which will receive, floods influence, wherein relating generally to second level public affairs
Road, Class III highway and township road, 35kV and 10kV low-voltage distributing line, movement, connection, telecommunications and Meizhou local network route, reservoir area
The transformer of range about 1~2% will receive influence when meeting extraodinary flood.According to the loss meter to family's property and special facility
Calculate result known to occur 50 years one 39232.47 ten thousand yuan of flood losses of chance, 100 years one 61002.14 ten thousand yuan of flood losses of chances.According to
The submergence ratio of flood and the distribution situation of the depth of water can formulate phase in conjunction with the corresponding loss caused by flood that assessment obtains in advance
Measure is answered, is had for flood risk mapping production, flood control command scheduling, redemption people's lives and properties and reduction losses due to flood and waterlogging
Highly important value.
Each frequency flood inundation on tracks index in terms of material products of table 1 and economic loss
Concrete operation step are as follows:
(1) basic data
(1) flood return water line.When reservoir area occurs to meet for 50 years one, 100 years one meet design flood, 50 years after Flood Routing through Reservoir
One to meet flood and 100 years one chance upstream water levels be respectively 44.67m and 47.44m, flood backwater effect range are as follows: Mei Jiang is to fluffy peppery
Beach power station, apart from plum rivers mouth 9.15km, apart from dam site 38.62km；Spit of fland Jiang Zhicha positive electricity station, apart from spit of fland rivers mouth 25.65km,
Apart from dam site 55.13km.
(2) CAD topographic map.CAD topographic map range includes the mainstream Han Jiang from dam site to the section in the town San He, Mei Jiang from three rivers
Town is to the section in fluffy peppery beach power station and the spit of fland river Jiang Congsan town to the section at tea positive electricity station and the terrain data of section two sides, base
Originally the geographic range of flood temporary inundation influence is covered.
(2) flood return water floods analysis
(1) CAD topographic map elevational point segment decomposes.Using " Hunan source regulatory control " software to CAD topographic map elevational point segment (such as
Shown in Fig. 2) " fried block " processing is carried out, segment is divided into elevational point and height value marks.
(2) CAD elevation point data is extracted and is corrected." fried block " treated cad file is imported into Arc GIS, by " point
Analysis tool box-extracting tool collection-select tools " separation and Extraction " mark " figure layer is " shapes file " (one of Arc GIS text
Part format, i.e. " Shape-file " file), as the point in Fig. 3 as extracts obtained elevational point.Later, in " attribute list "
Using " field calculator " tool, altitude data is corrected according to the data of " text " field, as shown in Figure 4.
(3) CAD elevational point is converted to DEM file." three dimensional analysis tool box-data organizing tool is used in Arc GIS
Collection-TIN tool set-creation TIN tool " generates TIN file, then using " three dimensional analysis tool box-crossover tool collection-is turned by TIN
Tool set-TIN turnstilees lattice tool out " TIN file is converted into DEM, as shown in Figure 5.
(5) DEM subregion is divided according to flood return water line.According to each section at a distance from dam site, by along main stem center
Line measures the mode of distance by hand, cross section place is demarcated in Arc GIS, and record the return water water level of each section part, in Fig. 6
A part of cross section place shown.Figure orbicular spot is the cross section place demarcated.Later, according to the cross section place of calibration, by DEM
It is divided into several child partitions.
(6) use passive method of flooding by subregion calculating method for flood submerged area, depth, area according to average water surface curve.It is right
Obtained all subregion is divided, be averaged water surface curve according to corresponding return water, using " raster symbol-base device " tool water intaking upper thread
Water level region below is as return water flooding area.In conjunction with DEM and investigation submergence ratio is modified, obtain 100 years one meet and
50 years one chance flood temporary inundation range lines, are conducted into Google Earth, it is available flood be related to small towns range (such as Fig. 7,
Shown in Fig. 8).It can be seen that, key water control project influence in the pond Han Jiang high relates generally to Dapu County Gao Po, Yin Jiang, big on Google Earth
Fiber crops, three rivers and the town tea Yang Wuge, wherein the town Gao Po, hemp town are affected maximum, the silver-colored town Jiang Zhen, San He takes second place, the town Cha Yang only
Being related to part soil influences minimum.
To the obtained all subregion of division, it is averaged water surface curve according to corresponding return water, using " raster symbol-base device " work
Tool calculates all subregion depth of immersion.Calculated result is modified in conjunction with DEM and investigation, obtains 100 years and 50 years one chance floods
Water temporary inundation depth, and expression is classified to different depth of immersion, obtain depth of immersion schematic diagram (as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10).River
Stream two sides area depth of immersion is substantially between 0-14m, and depth of immersion tapers off trend along river updrift side.For water
Reservoir backwater, the height difference along updrift side water level and Natural Floods become smaller, i.e., reservoir harmony height reduces, so that depth of immersion reduces,
It is consistent with analysis result.
The statistics for carrying out depth of immersion and area to remaining flooded area calculates." reclassification " tool of utilization counts to obtain pair
The inundated area for answering depth of immersion 0-0.5m, 0.5-1m, 1-2m, 2-4m and 4m or more, such as table 2.
Frequency flood does not correspond to depth of the water submerging and inundated area to table 2
Claims (3)
1. a kind of reservoir flood area based on CAD topographic map determines method, which is characterized in that using existing CAD figurate number
Elevation point data can be extracted by GIS by the pretreatment to CAD data file according to resource；Recycle GIS by elevational point
Dem data is converted to, finally carries out method for flood submerged area, depth of immersion and inundated area point using the dem data being converted to
Analysis, its step are as follows:
(1) CAD topographic map elevational point segment decomposes, and the elevational point of CAD topographic map is segment, has an elevational point in segment
And its height value mark；GIS is unable to segment in Direct Recognition CAD, and segment can only be identified as polygon, needs before importing GIS
" fried block " processing is carried out using " Hunan source regulatory control " software, and segment is divided into elevational point and height value marks；
(2) CAD elevation point data is extracted and is corrected, and the segment in CAD topographic map is by a variety of map overlays, in business software
In Arc GIS, the affiliated figure layer of CAD elevation point data is entitled " mark ", and " mark " is in English edition Arc GIS software
"Annotation"；It is " shapes file ", " shape by " analysis tool case-extracting tool collection-select tools " separation and Extraction
Shape file " is in one of Arc GIS file format, i.e. " Shape-file " file；
(3) CAD elevational point is converted to DEM file；The aforementioned obtained CAD elevational point that extracts is vector file, the point of vector
The DEM altitude data model that shape altitude data is converted to continuous planar needs to carry out interpolation, which can not be directly by arrow
Amount interpolation is raster data, therefore needs first interpolation to generate the vectored digital triangle mesh model of TIN format, then be translated into grid
Digital complex demodulation file；
(4) DEM subregion is divided according to flood return water line, it is each calculating cross section place and equivalent water level that flood, which returns line data, is
It carries out return water and floods analysis, need to establish profile data, according to each section at a distance from dam site, by along main stem center line hand
Work measures the mode of distance, cross section place is demarcated in Arc GIS, and record the return water water level of each section part；Later, according to mark
DEM is divided into several child partitions by fixed cross section place；
(5) use passive method of flooding by subregion calculating method for flood submerged area, depth, area according to average water surface curve, to division
Obtained all subregion is averaged water surface curve according to corresponding return water, extracts flood return water using " raster symbol-base device " tool
Water level region below subtracts elevation and obtains depth of immersion as return water flooding area, flood return water water level；Flooded area is carried out
The statistics of depth of immersion and area calculates, and " reclassification " tool statistics can be used, and available different depth of immersion is corresponding floods
Area.
2. a kind of reservoir flood area based on CAD topographic map determines method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State step (1), (2) extract data mode height value it is abnormal can when will lead to generation TIN file there is mistake, therefore
It needs to correct altitude data according to the data of " text " field using " field calculator " tool in " attribute list ".
3. a kind of reservoir flood area based on CAD topographic map determines method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating step (3) CAD elevational point and being converted to the concrete mode of DEM file is in Arc GIS using " three dimensional analysis tool box-number
According to management tool collection-TIN tool set-creation TIN tool " TIN file is generated, then use " three dimensional analysis tool box-crossover tool
Collection-is turnstiled lattice tool by TIN turning out device collection-TIN " TIN file is converted into DEM file.
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| CN111652777A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-11 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Flood emergency risk avoiding method |
| CN111949752A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-17 | 江西省寄生虫病防治研究所 | Specific biological population elevation acquisition method based on digital elevation model |
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| CN112070849B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-07-09 | 江西武大扬帆科技有限公司 | Flood inundation range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS |
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| CN114547869A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for processing flow boundary under two-dimensional non-structural dry beach condition |
| CN115186040A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-14 | 湖南省水利水电科学研究院 | Method for efficiently, simply and conveniently defining flood submerging range of small river in hilly area |
| CN116778332A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-09-19 | 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心(重庆市测绘产品质量检验测试中心) | DEM-based river coastal easy-inundation range identification method and system |
| CN116778332B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2024-03-26 | 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心(重庆市测绘产品质量检验测试中心) | DEM-based river coastal easy-inundation range identification method and system |
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