CN116778332A - DEM-based river coastal easy-inundation range identification method and system - Google Patents
DEM-based river coastal easy-inundation range identification method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a river coastal easy-submerging range identification method and system based on DEM, comprising the following steps: step 1: collecting river basic data information; step 2: extracting a region which is easy to submerge along the coast of a river; step 3: cutting the digital elevation model DEM through the coastal easy-submerging area in the step 2; step 4: constructing an easy-inundation recognition calculation model according to the characteristics of the easy-inundation area; step 5: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data cut in the step 3 into the easy-inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy-inundation characteristic range in the region; step 6: and screening out the easily submerged range of the river by combining the easily submerged characteristic range with the preselected flood level elevation value range. The invention provides evidence support for flood control and disaster reduction, flood risk analysis and construction site selection by pre-estimating flood in advance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to flood disaster prediction based on geographic information, in particular to a river coastal easy-to-submerge range identification method and system based on DEM.
Background
The river provides continuous water sources for human beings, and has great significance for human beings in production and life, however, once flood occurs in the river, the river brings painful disasters to human beings, so that the identification of the easily submerged range along the bank of the river has great significance for flood control and disaster reduction, flood risk analysis, construction site selection and the like.
Currently, the flood inundation area is identified mainly by comparing the remote sensing image before and after inundation to determine the inundation range, and the disaster damage is evaluated, for example: and combining the multi-stage optical and radar satellites before and after flood, analyzing the water body identification capacity of a threshold method and a machine model migration method on different sensor images, and analyzing the flood disaster condition of a research area. And further, the accuracy of extracting the image water body from the OTSU threshold model and the accuracy of extracting the image water body from the OTSU normalized water body index model are visually judged and quantitatively analyzed from the remote sensing image, then the mountain shadow mask data are combined, a flood flooding range rapid extraction model is constructed, and flood flooding range analysis is carried out. However, these methods are all aimed at post-disaster analysis and evaluation of flood inundation areas, and cannot be applied to pre-prediction of flood conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a river coastal easy-submerging range identification method and system based on a DEM.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a river coastal easy inundation range identification method based on DEM comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting river basic data information;
step 2: extracting a region which is easy to submerge along the coast of a river;
step 3: cutting the digital elevation model DEM through the coastal easy-submerging area in the step 2;
step 4: constructing an easy-inundation recognition calculation model according to the characteristics of the easy-inundation area;
step 5: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data cut in the step 3 into the easy-inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy-inundation characteristic range in the region;
step 6: and screening out the easily submerged range of the river by combining the easily submerged characteristic range with the preselected flood level elevation value range.
Further, the step 6: the easy-submerging characteristic range is combined with a preselected flood level elevation value range to screen out a river easy-submerging range, and the method further comprises the following steps:
drawing according to the easily submerged range of the river.
Further, the drawing includes: drawing a result diagram of a river easy-submerging range, marking a scale, marking a compass and marking a legend.
Further, the river base data information includes: digital elevation model DEM (Digital Terrain Mode) data, flood elevation values and river surface course data.
Further, the step 1 is to collect river basic data information,
further comprises: the basic data is pre-processed, and the basic data is pre-processed,
1) Unifying a coordinate system of space data in the map layer data and the DEM data of the river surface;
2) And carrying out spatial processing on the flood level elevation value table data.
Further, the step 2: extracting a river coastal easily submerged area, comprising:
and setting the extension range of 2km at two sides of the river as an easily submerged area along the river, carrying out buffer analysis on the data of the layer of the river surface, wherein the buffer radius is 2km, and the buffer direction is only the outer side of the river surface, so as to obtain a buffer result layer.
Further, the easy inundation area feature includes: the river plane height difference is less than 2 meters and the terrain gradient is less than 5 degrees.
Further, the easy inundation recognition calculation model expression is:
TZS＝zxh/200+{[zghb-zdhb]*[1-pd/area]/npd}/100
in the formula, TZS is an easily submerged characteristic value; zghb is the highest elevation within the calculated region; zdhb is the lowest elevation in the calculated region; pd is the land leveling area in the calculation region; area is the total area of the calculation area; npd is the non-flat area within the calculation region.
Further, the step 5: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data cut in the step 3 into the easy inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic range in the region, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data into an easy inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic value;
step 5.2: judging the characteristic value easy to submerge, if the characteristic value easy to submerge is less than 0.1, indicating that the characteristic value easy to submerge is easy to submerge;
step 5.2: and screening the range of the characteristic value which is easy to submerge and is smaller than 0.1, namely the characteristic range which is easy to submerge.
In order to achieve the above object, another technical solution of the present invention is:
river coastal easy inundation range identification system based on DEM includes:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of river basic data information;
the river coastal easy-inundation area analysis module is used for extracting a river coastal easy-inundation area, and cutting the digital elevation model DEM according to the coastal easy-inundation area to obtain a digital elevation model DEM of the inundation area;
the computing model construction module is used for constructing an easily submerged identification computing model according to the characteristics of the easily submerged area;
the flood elevation range selection module is used for obtaining a preselected flood elevation value range according to the preselected flood elevation value;
the river easy inundation range calculation module is used for substituting Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of the inundation area into the easy inundation identification calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic range in the area; and screening out the easily submerged range of the river by combining the preselected flood level elevation value range.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the data is easy to obtain, the calculation method is simple and convenient, the precision is high, the efficiency is high, and the low-cost simulation is realized.
Secondly, the method can be used for pre-estimation of the easy-submerging range, and the existing method is mainly used for identifying the submerging range after the disaster, and the method is used for estimating the easy-submerging range of the disaster area and providing effective evidence support for subsequent flood control and disaster reduction, flood risk analysis and construction site selection.
And thirdly, the developed easy-inundation recognition calculation model has wide application range and can be used in mountain areas, hills, plain land and other landform types.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a river coastal easy inundation range identification method based on DEM includes:
step 1: collecting river basic data information;
the river base data information comprises: digital elevation model DEM (Digital Terrain Mode) data, flood elevation values and river surface course data. The spatial resolution of the digital elevation model DEM (grid format) 10m is derived from the mapping geographical information database.
The flood level elevation value (xls format) is derived from hydrologic site data, and the flood level elevation value is adopted by the invention in 5 years.
River surface layer data (gdb format) is derived from the homeland survey results database.
After collecting river basic data information, the method further comprises the following steps: the basic data is pre-processed, and the basic data is pre-processed,
1) Unifying a coordinate system of space data in the map layer data and the DEM data of the river surface;
the coordinate systems of all spatial data of the river surface layer data and the DEM data are unified into a 2000 national geodetic coordinate system and a 1985 national elevation reference, and the specific operation is that the Project projection tool in Arcgi s10.3 is utilized to carry out spatial projection transformation on the river surface layer data and the DEM data.
2) Carrying out spatial processing on the flood level elevation value table data;
the 5-year-first-flood-level elevation value table data is spatially processed, and the specific operation is that the 5-year-first-flood-level elevation value table data is spatially processed by using a 'display XY data' tool in Arcgi s10.3 to obtain vector dot diagram layer data which is named as 'hsw'.
Step 2: extracting a region which is easy to submerge along the coast of a river;
comprising the following steps: and setting the extension range of 2km at two sides of the river as an easily submerged area along the river, carrying out buffer analysis on the data of the layer of the river surface, wherein the buffer radius is 2km, and the buffer direction is only the outer side of the river surface, so as to obtain a buffer result layer.
And setting a range of easy inundation along the river, and identifying the region extending for 2km along the river. In order to extract the area extending to 2km on both sides of the river, buffer analysis is carried out on the layer data of the river surface layer by using a buffer tool in Arcgis10.3 software, the buffer radius is 2km, and the buffer direction is only the outer side of the river surface. And obtaining a buffer result layer by buffer analysis, and naming the buffer layer as 'HL_buffer'.
Step 3: the digital elevation model DEM (D igita lTerrai n Mode) is trimmed by the coastal easy inundation area of step 2. Comprising the following steps:
and (3) performing superposition analysis on the river coast easy-submerging area obtained in the step (2) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data by using an I nterselect tool, cutting the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, and only retaining the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in the river coast easy-submerging area.
Because the DEM data obtained in the step 1 are global data, and the easily submerged area only needs to be in a range of 2km extended from both sides of the river, the DEM data are cut according to the result of the easily submerged area along the river calculated in the step 2, and only the DEM data in the range of 2km extended from both sides of the river are reserved. The specific operation steps are that an Intersect tool is utilized to carry out superposition analysis on the 'HL_buffer' layer and the DEM data, so as to obtain the DEM data in the range of the 'HL_buffer' layer. The new layer of the calculation result output is named as 'hl_bufferdem'.
Step 4: constructing an easy-inundation recognition calculation model according to the characteristics of the easy-inundation area;
the flooding identification calculation model mainly considers the characteristics of the easily-flooded area, wherein the easily-flooded area characteristics comprise: the river plane height difference is less than 2 meters, the terrain gradient is less than 5 degrees, and the terrain is relatively flat.
Establishing an easy-inundation recognition computing model according to the two characteristics, wherein the expression of the easy-inundation recognition computing model is as follows:
TZS＝zxh/200+{[zghb-zdhb]*[1-pd/area]/npd}/100
in the formula, TZS is an easily submerged characteristic value; zghb is the highest elevation within the calculated region;
zdhb is the lowest elevation in the calculated region; pd is the land leveling area in the calculation region; area
Calculating the total area of the region; npd is the non-flat area within the calculation region.
Step 5: and (3) inputting the cut digital elevation model DEM data in the easy-inundation recognition calculation model to obtain the easy-inundation characteristic range in the region. Comprising the following steps:
step 5.1: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data into an easy inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic value; and (3) calculating the result data of the DEM data cut in the step (3) by adopting an easy-inundation recognition calculation model. The method comprises the following specific steps
And calculating the 'HL_bufferDEM' layer by using the easy inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic value in a calculation region. The result of the calculation is raster data, and the spatial resolution is10 m. The new layer output by the calculation result is named as TZS.
Step 5.2: judging the characteristic value easy to submerge, if the characteristic value easy to submerge is less than 0.1, indicating that the characteristic value easy to submerge is easy to submerge;
step 5.3: and screening the range of the characteristic value which is easy to submerge and is smaller than 0.1, namely the characteristic range which is easy to submerge.
When the numerical value in the TZS layer is less than 0.1, the method is easy to submerge, and the range of the numerical value in the TZS layer is less than 0.1. The specific operation is as follows: in Arcgis10.3 software, the range of values < 0.1 in the "TZS" layer was screened out using a resimple tool.
The above-screened range is a grid format, which is converted into a vector format for later operations. The specific operation is to convert it into vector layer data, named "tzs_ss", using the "Raster to polygon" tool.
Step 6: and screening out the easily submerged range of the river by combining the easily submerged characteristic range with the preselected flood level elevation value range.
The river coastal easy inundation range needs to meet the condition that the altitude is smaller than the elevation of the flood level, namely, the preselected elevation range of the flood level, besides the two characteristics of the easy inundation areas, namely, the river plane height difference is smaller than 2 meters and the terrain gradient is smaller than 5 degrees.
The preselected flood level elevation value range comprising:
firstly, collecting elevation values of flood levels in a plurality of river basic data information according to the step 1, and selecting elevation values of flood levels in the first 5 years;
and then obtaining the range of the elevation value of the water level with the elevation less than 5 years in case of flood by an interpolation operation formula.
The specific operation is as follows:
firstly, calculating the range of elevation values of water levels with the elevation less than 5 years in case of flood
The "hsw" dot pattern layer was interpolated using a kriging tool, and the output was "hsw10 _ras" (grid format). Then, in the Raster calculator tool, the range of altitude values for the flood level for which the sea level is less than 5 years is calculated according to the formula "hsw10 _ras" layer minus "hl_bufferdem" layer, and converted into vector layer data, named "hbdfw".
Screening of easily submerged area recognition result vector image layer
And (3) carrying out superposition analysis on the TZS_ss layer and the hbdfw layer by using an 'inter' tool to obtain a common part of the two layers, namely a river easy-submerging range, and naming an output result layer as YYMGW.
The easy-submerging characteristic range is combined with a preselected flood level elevation value range to screen out a river easy-submerging range, and the method further comprises the following steps:
drawing according to the easily submerged range of the river, wherein the drawing comprises the following steps: drawing a result diagram of a river easy-submerging range, marking a scale, marking a compass and marking a legend.
The method comprises the following specific steps: and (5) utilizing the YYMGW layer to conduct river easy inundation range result mapping. Scale bars, compass, legend, etc. are provided. The image resolution was set to 300dpj using the Export map tool, and a "river easily submerged range result map" was output.
As shown in fig. 2, a DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification system includes:
the data acquisition module 1 is configured to acquire river basic data information, where the river basic data information includes: digital elevation model DEM (Digital Terrain Mode) data, flood elevation values and river surface course data.
Possibly: the data acquisition module can also be used for preprocessing river basic data information, and comprises the following steps:
1) Unifying a coordinate system of space data in the map layer data and the DEM data of the river surface;
the coordinate systems of all spatial data of the river surface layer data and the DEM data are unified into a 2000 national geodetic coordinate system and a 1985 national elevation reference, and the specific operation is that the Project projection tool in Arcgis10.3 is utilized to carry out spatial projection transformation on the river surface layer data and the DEM data.
2) Carrying out spatial processing on the flood level elevation value table data;
the 5-year-first-flood elevation value table data is spatially processed, and the specific operation is that the 5-year-first-flood elevation value table data is spatially processed by using a display XY data tool in Arcgis10.3 to obtain vector dot diagram layer data which is named as hsw.
The analysis module 2 is used for extracting the easy inundation area along the river, setting the extension range of 2km along the river as the easy inundation area along the river, carrying out buffer analysis on the data of the map layer of the river surface, wherein the buffer radius is 2km, and the buffer direction is only the outer side of the river surface, so as to obtain a buffer result map layer.
The specific operation is as follows: and setting a range of easy inundation along the river, and identifying the region extending for 2km along the river. In order to extract the area extending to 2km on both sides of the river, buffer tool in Arcgi s10.3 software is utilized to perform buffer analysis on the data of the river surface layer, the buffer radius is 2km, and the buffer direction is only the outer side of the river surface. And obtaining a buffer result layer by buffer analysis, and naming the buffer layer as 'HL_buffer'.
Cutting the digital elevation model DEM according to the coastal easy-inundation area to obtain the digital elevation model DEM of the inundation area, cutting the DEM data according to the result of the coastal easy-inundation area of the river, and only retaining the DEM data within the range of 2km extending from the two coasts of the river.
The specific operation is as follows:
because the obtained DEM data is global data, and the easily submerged area only needs to be in a range of 2km extended from two sides of the river, the DEM data is cut by adopting the easily submerged area along the river, and only the DEM data in the range of 2km extended from two sides of the river is reserved. The specific operation steps are that an I nterselect tool is utilized to carry out superposition analysis on the 'HL_buffer' layer and the DEM data, so as to obtain the DEM data in the range of the 'HL_buffer' layer. The new layer of the calculation result output is named as 'hl_bufferdem'.
The computing model construction module 3 is used for constructing an easily submerged identification computing model according to the easily submerged area characteristics; the flooding identification calculation model mainly considers the characteristics of the easily-flooded area, wherein the easily-flooded area characteristics comprise: the river plane height difference is less than 2 meters and the terrain slope is less than 5 degrees relatively flat.
Establishing an easy-inundation recognition computing model according to the two characteristics, wherein the expression of the easy-inundation recognition computing model is as follows:
TZS＝zxh/200+{[zghb-zdhb]*[1-pd/area]/npd}/100
in the formula, TZS is an easily submerged characteristic value; zghb is the highest elevation within the calculated region;
zdhb is the lowest elevation in the calculated region; pd is the land leveling area in the calculation region; area
Calculating the total area of the region; npd is the non-flat area within the calculation region.
A flood elevation range selection module 4 for obtaining a preselected flood elevation value range according to the preselected flood elevation value;
firstly, selecting a flood level elevation value in the first 5 years according to the flood level elevation value in the collected river basic data information; and then obtaining the range of the elevation value of the water level with the elevation less than 5 years in case of flood by an interpolation operation formula.
The specific operation is as follows:
firstly, calculating the range of elevation values of water levels with the elevation less than 5 years in case of flood
The "hsw" dot pattern layer was interpolated using a kriging tool, and the output was "hsw10 _ras" (grid format). Then, in the Raster calculator tool, according to the formula "hsw5 _ras" - "hl_bufferdem", the range of elevation values for the flood level for less than 5 years is calculated and converted into vector layer data, named "hbdfw".
And the river easy inundation range calculation module 5 is used for substituting the digital elevation model DEM data of the inundation area into the easy inundation identification calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic value.
The specific operation is as follows:
and calculating the 'HL_bufferDEM' layer by using the easy inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic value in a calculation region. The result of the calculation is raster data, and the spatial resolution is10 m. The new layer output by the calculation result is named as TZS. Judging the characteristic value easy to submerge, if the characteristic value easy to submerge is less than 0.1, indicating that the characteristic value easy to submerge is easy to submerge, screening the range of the characteristic value easy to submerge which is less than 0.1, namely obtaining the characteristic range easy to submerge in the area.
Screening out a river easy-to-submerge range by combining a preselected flood level elevation value range, wherein the river coastal easy-to-submerge range is characterized by the two easy-to-submerge areas, the river plane height difference is less than 2 meters, the terrain gradient is less than 5 degrees, and the condition that the elevation is less than the flood level elevation value is also required to be satisfied; and calculating and screening out the area which simultaneously meets the characteristic range easy to submerge and the preselected flood level elevation value range, namely the river easy to submerge range. The specific operation is as follows:
and (3) carrying out superposition analysis on the TZS_ss layer and the hbdfw layer by using an i nterect tool to obtain a common part of the two layers, namely a river easy-submerging range, and naming an output result layer as YYMGW.
Possibly: the system also comprises a calculation result drawing output module 6 which is used for drawing according to the easily submerged range of the river. The drawing comprises: drawing a result diagram of a river easy-submerging range, marking a scale, marking a compass and marking a legend. The resolution of the image is set to 300dpj, and a 'river easy inundation range result graph' is output.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The river coastal easy-submerging range identification method based on the DEM is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: collecting river basic data information;
step 2: extracting a region which is easy to submerge along the coast of a river;
step 3: cutting the digital elevation model DEM through the coastal easy-submerging area in the step 2;
step 4: constructing an easy-inundation recognition calculation model according to the characteristics of the easy-inundation area;
step 5: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data cut in the step 3 into the easy-inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy-inundation characteristic range in the region;
step 6: and screening out the easily submerged range of the river by combining the easily submerged characteristic range with the preselected flood level elevation value range.
2. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 1, wherein: the step 6: the easy-submerging characteristic range is combined with a preselected flood level elevation value range to screen out a river easy-submerging range, and the method further comprises the following steps:
drawing according to the easily submerged range of the river.
3. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 2, wherein: the drawing comprises: drawing a result diagram of a river easy-submerging range, marking a scale, marking a compass and marking a legend.
4. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the river base data information comprises: digital elevation model DEM data, flood elevation values and river surface map layer data.
5. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting river basic data information,
further comprises: the basic data is pre-processed, and the basic data is pre-processed,
1) Unifying a coordinate system of space data in the map layer data and the DEM data of the river surface;
2) And carrying out spatial processing on the flood level elevation value table data.
6. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the step 2: extracting a river coastal easily submerged area, comprising:
and setting the extension range of 2km at two sides of the river as an easily submerged area along the river, carrying out buffer analysis on the data of the layer of the river surface, wherein the buffer radius is 2km, and the buffer direction is only the outer side of the river surface, so as to obtain a buffer result layer.
7. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 1, wherein: the easy inundation area feature comprises: the river plane height difference is less than 2 meters and the terrain gradient is less than 5 degrees.
8. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 1, wherein: the easy inundation recognition calculation model expression is as follows:
TZS＝zxh/200+{[zghb-zdhb]*[1-pd/area]/npd}/100
in the formula, TZS is an easily submerged characteristic value; zghb is the highest elevation within the calculated region; zdhb is the lowest elevation in the calculated region; pd is the land leveling area in the calculation region; area is the total area of the calculation area; npd is the non-flat area within the calculation region.
9. The DEM-based river coastal easy inundation range identification method according to claim 1, wherein: the step 5: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data cut in the step 3 into the easy inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic range in the region, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: inputting the digital elevation model DEM data into an easy inundation recognition calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic value;
step 5.2: judging the characteristic value easy to submerge, if the characteristic value easy to submerge is less than 0.1, indicating that the characteristic value easy to submerge is easy to submerge;
step 5.3: and screening the range of the characteristic value which is easy to submerge and is smaller than 0.1, namely the characteristic range which is easy to submerge.
10. River coastal easy inundation range identification system based on DEM, its characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of river basic data information;
the river coastal easy-inundation area analysis module is used for extracting a river coastal easy-inundation area, and cutting the digital elevation model DEM according to the coastal easy-inundation area to obtain a digital elevation model DEM of the inundation area;
the computing model construction module is used for constructing an easily submerged identification computing model according to the characteristics of the easily submerged area;
the flood elevation range selection module is used for obtaining a preselected flood elevation value range according to the preselected flood elevation value;
the river easy inundation range calculation module is used for substituting Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of the inundation area into the easy inundation identification calculation model to obtain an easy inundation characteristic range in the area; and screening out the easily submerged range of the river by combining the preselected flood level elevation value range.
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| US20200184795A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Intelligent river inundation alarming system and method of controlling the same |
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