CN111651710A - Weir lake inundation range mapping method based on whole-process remote sensing data analysis - Google Patents
Weir lake inundation range mapping method based on whole-process remote sensing data analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a weir lake inundation range mapping method based on whole-process remote sensing data analysis, which is characterized in that based on DEM remote sensing data, a multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm is adopted to rapidly calculate the reservoir capacity of a weir lake; calculating the pool area submerging range by adopting a grid submerging algorithm based on the reservoir capacity calculation result of the barrier lake, and carrying out graphical mapping display; leading in longitude and latitude coordinates of upstream residential points of the barrier lake, and displaying the residential points on a graph in an imaging manner, so that the upstream flooding disaster condition of the barrier lake under different water levels can be obtained, and decision support is provided for the safe evacuation of residents in subsequent organizations; and calculating and statistically analyzing key technical parameters of the barrier lake, such as the maximum tail water length, the reservoir area submerging area and the water storage capacity change characteristics according to a corresponding calculation formula. The method overcomes the defects of limited application conditions and insufficient timeliness of the traditional mapping method, rapidly maps and calculates the upstream flooding condition of the barrier lake based on DEM remote sensing data in the whole process, and provides key technical information for emergency rescue work of the barrier lake.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mapping and hydraulic engineering, in particular to a method for mapping a submerged range of a barrier lake based on whole-process remote sensing data analysis.
Background
The lake formed by landslide or debris flow disaster blocking the natural river is called barrier lake. Secondary disasters caused by barrier lakes can be mainly classified into two categories: firstly, because a natural rock-fill dam formed by a landslide blocks a river bed, river incoming water loses a drainage channel or has small drainage capacity, redundant incoming water flow is continuously accumulated behind a damming dam, the water level of the damming dam rises day by day, the submerging range of a reservoir area is gradually enlarged, and great submerging loss is caused to upstream residents, fields, houses, engineering facilities and the like; secondly, the damming dam is burst to form super-huge flood far exceeding the original river flood control standard, and extremely serious flood threat is brought to residents along rivers, cities and towns, house buildings and the like.
The research on the dammed lake mainly focuses on the research on the aspects of dammed lake burst risk prediction, dammed dam discharge control method, dammed flood evolution analysis and the like, and the research contents mainly include the research on the influence of dammed lake burst on a downstream area; at present, few analyses are available for reservoir area inundation disasters caused by water storage in upstream areas of barrier lakes.
Because the dammed lake formed by the sudden geological disaster mostly occurs in the deep-mountains canyons, the environment is severe, available basic data are extremely deficient, and the traditional mapping method is difficult to apply due to the urgency of emergency rescue. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a method for performing elevation information digital expression on the earth surface, is used as the most main data source for GIS research, and brings reliable technical support for basin hydrological analysis and establishment of a digital hydrological model. DEM data can be formulated as:
kp＝f(xp，yp，zp)(p＝1，2，3，...，n)
wherein k ispTaking the value of the information characteristic of the p point, xp，ypIs the ground coordinate of point p, zpIs the elevation of the altitude at point p.
The DEM contains abundant geographic information, and basin water system information can be conveniently and rapidly extracted based on the DEM to establish a research area hydrological model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for mapping the submerging range of the dammed lake based on the whole-process remote sensing data analysis, can quickly calculate and extract the key technical parameters of the dammed lake, such as the water storage capacity, the maximum tail water length, the reservoir area submerging area and other characteristics changing along with the water level, perfects the analysis theory of the dammed lake, and provides technical support for the subsequent emergency rescue work.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for mapping a submerged range of a barrier lake based on whole-process remote sensing data analysis comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring DEM data of a required area, importing ArcGIS software, performing coordinate system projection conversion by using Project tools in a toolbox, and converting a WGS84 coordinate system of original data into Beijing1954 Gauss Krigger projection;
s2, identifying a depression contribution area of DEM data of the research area, calculating the lowest elevation of the depression area and the lowest elevation of a depression outlet area, taking the difference value of the two as a depression depth filling threshold value, and then performing depression filling treatment;
s3, adopting a multi-field search algorithm, calculating and comparing the slope of the central grid P and 8 adjacent grids, and selecting the steepest slope, namely the direction of the maximum slope value as the flow direction of the water flow;
s4, calculating the number of water quantity units passing through each point according to the flow direction judgment result, wherein the higher the value of the water quantity units is, the more the collected water quantity is, finally obtaining the confluence accumulation quantity of the area, and finally extracting the river network according to a set threshold value;
s5, according to the position of the dam body of the barrier lake as a drainage point of the drainage basin, combining the analysis result of the step S4, reversely searching all grids of the drainage points flowing through the dam site at the upstream until the boundary of the drainage basin is searched, and finally obtaining a water collection control area of the barrier lake;
s6, calculating corresponding reservoir capacity of the barrier lake by using a multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm for different water level elevations based on the water collection control area of the barrier lake;
s7, performing flooding analysis on DEM data by adopting a grid flooding algorithm based on the reservoir capacity calculation result of the barrier lake;
s8, counting the change characteristics of key technical parameters of the barrier lake along with the water level, and making corresponding tables or images, so that the subsequent emergency treatment work can be conveniently adopted and analyzed; the key technical parameters comprise the maximum tail water length, the reservoir area submerging area and the water storage capacity.
In step S3, the eight neighborhoods of the central grid P are formulated as:
the maximum slope drop calculation between two adjacent grids is expressed in a formula:
in the formula, PiAnd P are the elevation values of two adjacent grids, diIs the center distance of the two grids.
The calculation formula of the storage capacity in step S6 is:
wherein W is the total storage capacity of the barrier lake, WpIs the storage capacity of the p-th grid, p is the grid serial number, n represents the total number of DEM grids in the research area, dzpRepresents the unit elevation, ds, of the p-th gridpThe unit surface area of the p-th grid is shown.
In step S7, the specific formula for performing the flooding analysis on the DEM data by using the grid flooding algorithm is as follows:
in the formula, LwpAnd LrpIs the water surface elevation value and the riverbed elevation value of the pth grid SpRepresents the area of the p-th grid;
carrying out inundation judgment on each grid in the water collection control area of the barrier lake according to the formula, wherein the result of calculation is true which indicates that the grid is inundated, and false which indicates that the grid is not inundated;
and graphically displaying the submerging range in a DEM data base map according to a calculation result, finally importing longitude and latitude coordinates of residential points in a reservoir area, and visually and overlappingly displaying the residential points on the map to obtain the upstream submerging disaster situations of the barrier lake at different water levels, thereby providing data reference for organizing the effective evacuation of residents.
In step S8, the maximum tail water length calculation formula is:
wherein m is the maximum water volume unit number obtained from the result of the flow direction determination in step S4;
the calculation formula of the inundated area of the reservoir area is as follows:
the storage amount calculation is performed according to the formula of calculating the total storage capacity in step S6.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) according to the method, a multi-neighborhood search algorithm is adopted, DEM flow direction data are rapidly calculated, and subsequent river network extraction and inundation calculation are facilitated; (2) the method comprises the steps of adopting a multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm, accurately calculating the size of the reservoir capacity of each grid according to the geographic information characteristics of the grids, and finally summing all the grid reservoir capacities to obtain the total reservoir capacity of the barrier lake, wherein the method does not depend on hydrogeological data, and overcomes the defects of limited application conditions, poor timeliness and the like of the traditional mapping method; (3) adopting a grid flooding algorithm, carrying out flooding judgment on each grid according to the calculated result of the reservoir capacity of the dammed lake, and finally carrying out graphical mapping display on the flooding range of the dammed lake reservoir area; (4) the method for displaying the submergence range and the residential points of the reservoir areas of different barrier lake levels in a superposition manner can visually judge the disaster submergence condition and provide data reference for organizing the effective evacuation of residents; (5) the key technical parameters of the barrier lake, such as the maximum tail water length, the pool area submerging area and the water storage capacity along with the water level change characteristics, are subjected to rapid statistical analysis, and basic data support can be provided for subsequent emergency rescue.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DEM remote sensing data projection conversion result of a Weissen lake in Tang mountain in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a flow direction calculation result based on a multi-neighborhood search algorithm in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of river network extraction in the dammed lake basin in the example;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a water collection control area of a barrier lake in the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the verification of the calculated result of the reservoir capacity relation curve of the water level of the dammed lake based on the multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of graphical mapping of flooding situations of reservoir areas at different water levels of the Wei lake of Tang Jia mountain based on the grid flooding algorithm in the embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a statistical chart of the calculation of the characteristics of the key technical parameters of the dammed lake along with the change of the water level in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
Aiming at the defects of the research loss of the flood disasters in the upstream reservoir area of the conventional barrier lake, the limitation of the application conditions, the insufficient timeliness and the like of the traditional mapping method, the invention provides an accurate reservoir area flooding range mapping algorithm based on the whole-process DEM remote sensing data analysis by utilizing ArcGIS software, and the method can be used for rapidly calculating and extracting the key technical parameters of the barrier lake, such as the water storage capacity, the maximum tail water length, the reservoir area flooding area and the like, along with the change characteristics of the water level, perfecting the barrier lake analysis theory and providing technical support for the subsequent emergency rescue work, and specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for mapping the inundation range of a barrier lake based on the analysis of the whole-process remote sensing data includes the following steps:
s1, downloading DEM data of a required area, importing ArcGIS software, performing coordinate system projection conversion by using Project tools in a toolbox, and converting a WGS84 coordinate system of original data into Beijing1954 Gauss Krigger projection;
in the embodiment of the application, the DEM data is ASTER GDEM (advanced satellite-borne bolometric and reflectometer global digital elevation model) and is made based on detailed observations of the new generation of NASA on earth observation satellites Terra, covering all land areas between 83 ° north latitude and 83 ° south latitude, reaching 99% of the land surface of the earth, with a global spatial resolution of about 30m, m, a vertical resolution of 20m, and a spatial reference WGS84/EGM 96. The data can be downloaded from the cloud platform of the geospatial data of the Chinese academy for free; and the whole process of the mapping method is carried out on DEM data, and no additional data acquisition and analysis is needed.
S2, identifying a depression contribution area of DEM data of the research area, calculating the lowest elevation of the depression area and the lowest elevation of a depression outlet area, taking the difference value of the two as a depression depth filling threshold value, and then performing depression filling treatment;
s3, adopting a multi-field search algorithm, calculating and comparing the slope of the central grid P and 8 adjacent grids, and selecting the steepest slope, namely the direction of the maximum slope value as the flow direction of the water flow;
s4, calculating the number of water quantity units passing through each point according to the flow direction judgment result, wherein the higher the value of the water quantity units is, the more the collected water quantity is, finally obtaining the confluence accumulation quantity of the area, and finally extracting the river network according to a set threshold value;
s5, according to the position of the dam body of the barrier lake as a drainage point of the drainage basin, combining the analysis result of the step S4, reversely searching all grids of the drainage points flowing through the dam site at the upstream until the boundary of the drainage basin is searched, and finally obtaining a water collection control area of the barrier lake;
s6, calculating corresponding reservoir capacity of the barrier lake by using a multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm for different water level elevations based on the water collection control area of the barrier lake;
s7, performing flooding analysis on DEM data by adopting a grid flooding algorithm based on the reservoir capacity calculation result of the barrier lake;
and S8, counting the change characteristics of key technical parameters of the barrier lake along with the water level to manufacture corresponding tables or images, wherein the key technical parameters comprise the maximum tail water length, the reservoir area submerging area and the water storage capacity.
In the embodiment of the application, taking the tang jiashan barrier lake formed in the earthquake of wenchuan in 2008 as an example, (1) the area where the tang jiashan barrier lake is located between 104 ° of east longitude and 31 ° of north latitude, DEM data of the corresponding area is downloaded and imported into ArcGIS, and projection transformation of a coordinate system is performed by using a Project tool, so that a WGS84 coordinate system of original data is converted into Beijing1954 gauss-k-luger projection, and the conversion result is shown in fig. 2;
(2) preprocessing the projected DEM data, identifying a depression contribution area of the DEM data of the research area, calculating the lowest elevation of the depression area and the lowest elevation of an outlet area of the depression, taking the difference value of the lowest elevation of the depression area and the lowest elevation of the outlet area of the depression as a depression depth filling threshold value, and then performing depression filling to generate DEM data without depressions;
(3) and adopting a multi-neighborhood search algorithm, calculating and comparing the slope of the central grid P and 8 adjacent grids, and selecting the direction of the steepest slope, namely the maximum slope, as the flow direction of the water flow. The maximum slope drop calculation between two adjacent grids is expressed in a formula:
the calculation results are shown in fig. 3;
(4) from the results of the flow direction determination, the number of water units passing through each point is calculated, and as the value becomes higher, the amount of collected water increases, a grid in which the amount of collected water reaches a predetermined threshold is defined as the starting point of the river, and a grid larger than the threshold is defined as the river course, and the river water system network in this area can be extracted, as shown in fig. 4.
(5) According to longitude and latitude coordinates of the dam body of the Weissen lake of Tangjia mountain: n31 degrees, 50 '42.33 degrees, E104 degrees, 25' 37.99 degrees and the analysis result in the step (4) are combined, the dam address position is determined as a water outlet point, all grids flowing through the water outlet point of the dam address upstream are reversely searched until the boundary of a drainage basin is searched, and finally a water collection control area of the barrier lake is obtained, as shown in figure 5.
(6) Based on the water collection control area of the barrier lake, for different water level elevations, calculating the corresponding reservoir capacity of the barrier lake by using a multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm:
in order to verify the accuracy of the calculation result, the reservoir capacity curve of the Tangjiashan barrier lake level calculated by using the multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm in the invention and the map according to 1/2000 in the Zhang Jian New doctor paper[1]And the water level volume curve of the dammed lake drawn by the Chinese academy of Water[2]Compared with the prior art, as shown in FIG. 6, the calculation results of the three methods are very similar, the accuracy of the calculation method is reflected, and the defects that the two methods have strong dependence on the traditional hydrogeological data and weak timeliness are overcome.
(7) Carrying out inundation analysis on DEM data by adopting a grid inundation algorithm:
after submerging judgment is carried out on each grid in the weir lake water collection control area, the submerging range is graphically displayed in a DEM data base map according to the calculation result, then longitude and latitude coordinates of residential points in the reservoir area are led in, the residential points are visually and overlappingly displayed on the map, and the submerging range and the disaster situation of residents in the reservoir area upstream of the weir lake at different water levels can be visually judged, as shown in figure 7.
As can be seen from fig. 7, as the water level of the barrage lake continuously rises, the upstream backwater submerging range is continuously expanded. When the water level reaches 700m, the backwater submerges to the position near the Zhang Pingchun; 720m before it reaches the place near Yu Li Zhen; when the water is 740m, the tail end of the backwater is already submerged to the vicinity of the temple terrace and the three-dam terrace, the Yuli town and the water well terrace are basically and completely submerged, and the oil mill ditch, the tung dam and the like are also in danger of being submerged; therefore, the storage area flooding condition based on the DEM and the superposition analysis of the residential points can clearly see the possible flooding ranges of different water levels and the areas to be flooded, so that an evacuation plan can be made in a targeted manner, and data reference is provided for organizing the effective evacuation of residents.
(8) The variation characteristics of key technical parameters such as the water storage capacity of the Weijiu lake in Tang mountain, the maximum tail water length, the reservoir area inundation area and the like along with the water level are calculated by using corresponding formulas, and a corresponding table is made, as shown in figure 8.
Wherein, the maximum tail water length calculation formula is as follows:
wherein m is the maximum water quantity unit number obtained according to the flow direction judgment result in the step (4)
The calculation formula of the inundated area of the reservoir area is as follows:
the water storage amount calculation formula is shown in step (6).
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, and is capable of other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for mapping the submerging range of a barrier lake based on the analysis of whole-process remote sensing data is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring DEM data of a required area, importing ArcGIS software, performing coordinate system projection conversion by using Project tools in a toolbox, and converting a WGS84 coordinate system of original data into Beijing1954 Gauss Krigger projection;
s2, identifying a depression contribution area of DEM data of the research area, calculating the lowest elevation of the depression area and the lowest elevation of a depression outlet area, taking the difference value of the two as a depression depth filling threshold value, and then performing depression filling treatment;
s3, adopting a multi-field search algorithm, calculating and comparing the slope of the central grid P and 8 adjacent grids, and selecting the steepest slope, namely the direction of the maximum slope value as the flow direction of the water flow;
s4, calculating the number of water quantity units passing through each point according to the flow direction judgment result, wherein the higher the value of the water quantity units is, the more the collected water quantity is, finally obtaining the confluence accumulation quantity of the area, and finally extracting the river network according to a set threshold value;
s5, according to the position of the dam body of the barrier lake as a drainage point of the drainage basin, combining the analysis result of the step S4, reversely searching all grids of the drainage points flowing through the dam site at the upstream until the boundary of the drainage basin is searched, and finally obtaining a water collection control area of the barrier lake;
s6, calculating corresponding reservoir capacity of the barrier lake by using a multi-grid discrete surface integral algorithm for different water level elevations based on the water collection control area of the barrier lake;
s7, performing flooding analysis on DEM data by adopting a grid flooding algorithm based on the reservoir capacity calculation result of the barrier lake;
and S8, counting the change characteristics of key technical parameters of the barrier lake along with the water level to manufacture corresponding tables or images, wherein the key technical parameters comprise the maximum tail water length, the reservoir area submerging area and the water storage capacity.
2. The method for mapping the inundation range of the barrier lake based on the whole-process remote sensing data analysis of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the eight neighborhoods of the central grid P are formulated as:
the maximum slope drop calculation between two adjacent grids is expressed in a formula:
in the formula, PiAnd P are the elevation values of two adjacent grids, diIs the center distance of the two grids.
3. The method for mapping the inundation range of the barrier lake based on the whole-process remote sensing data analysis of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calculation formula of the storage capacity in step S6 is:
wherein W is the total storage capacity of the barrier lake, WpIs the storage capacity of the p-th grid, p is the grid serial number, n represents the total number of DEM grids in the research area, dzpRepresents the unit elevation, ds, of the p-th gridpThe unit surface area of the p-th grid is shown.
4. The method for mapping the inundation range of the barrier lake based on the whole-process remote sensing data analysis of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S7, the specific formula for performing the flooding analysis on the DEM data by using the grid flooding algorithm is as follows:
in the formula, LwpAnd LrpIs the water surface elevation value and the riverbed elevation value of the pth grid SpRepresents the area of the p-th grid;
carrying out inundation judgment on each grid in the water collection control area of the barrier lake according to the formula, wherein the result of calculation is true which indicates that the grid is inundated, and false which indicates that the grid is not inundated;
and graphically displaying the submerging range in a DEM data base map according to a calculation result, finally importing longitude and latitude coordinates of residential points in a reservoir area, and visually and overlappingly displaying the residential points on the map to obtain the upstream submerging disaster situations of the barrier lake at different water levels, thereby providing data reference for organizing the effective evacuation of residents.
5. The method for mapping the inundation range of the barrier lake based on the whole-process remote sensing data analysis of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S8, the maximum tail water length calculation formula is:
wherein m is the maximum water volume unit number obtained from the result of the flow direction determination in step S4;
the calculation formula of the inundated area of the reservoir area is as follows:
the storage amount calculation is performed according to the formula of calculating the total storage capacity in step S6.
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