CN110849335A - Remote sensing rapid determination method for reservoir capacity of dammed lake water of waterless underground form data - Google Patents
Remote sensing rapid determination method for reservoir capacity of dammed lake water of waterless underground form data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a remote sensing rapid determination method for reservoir capacity of a dammed lake water of waterless underground shape data, which comprises the following steps: s1: extracting the submerged area of the water area of the barrier lake shielded by the mountain shadow; s2: calculating the position of the polygonal central line of the barrier lake according to the area distribution of the water area of the barrier lake; s3: based on the position of the central line, performing fixed-point elevation measurement on the barrier lake and performing elevation fitting estimation on the central line of the lake bed; s4: self-adaptive simulation is carried out on the unknown underwater topography of the barrier lake by measuring the fixed point elevation and fitting and estimating the elevation of the centerline of the lake bed and combining the elevation information of the side slope; s5: and measuring the water capacity of the barrier lake reservoir by adopting three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integration according to the simulated underwater topography and the water area inundation area of the barrier lake. The method avoids the limitation of the traditional means, reduces data dependence, effectively improves the timeliness of information and the accuracy and efficiency of the estimation of the water quantity of the barrier lake in the area with incomplete data, and realizes the accurate measurement of the water quantity of the barrier lake and the drawing of a reservoir capacity curve based on complete remote sensing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing spatial information, in particular to a remote sensing rapid determination method for reservoir capacity of a barrier lake with unknown shape data under waterless ground.
Background
The size of the reservoir capacity of the barrier lake is the most critical factor for determining the size of the risk of the barrier lake break and an important reference basis for the leadership decision in the risk reduction work. Generally, the greater the amount of water stored, the greater the security threat, the more serious the disaster caused by the breakdown, and the extremely dangerous the impact force. Therefore, the dynamic reservoir capacity is mastered in real time, accurate real-time forecasting of the water quantity is realized, and the method has important significance for risk assessment, disaster deduction, safety management, comprehensive treatment, early warning mechanism establishment and the like of the plateau barrier lake. However, in the barrage lake formed by sudden geological disasters in the plateau area without data or lack of data, the accessibility is poor, the exploration condition is poor, and high-precision barrage body and underwater terrain data are difficult to obtain in a short time. Therefore, the real-time and rapid estimation of the water quantity of the barrier lake is a technical difficulty in the risk assessment of the barrier lake for a long time; there is an urgent need to develop a method for rapidly measuring the amount of water in a barrier lake based on a limited data source.
The traditional calculation of the storage capacity of the lake and the reservoir mainly comprises a mapping method and a hydraulics method, namely, the calculation is completed based on geometric measurement of the terrain on a graph or on-site hydrodynamics simulation. The boundary conditions depended on by the calculation of the hydraulics method are more, the data required by model input are complex, the time consumption is longer, the timeliness is poorer, and the data information required by the flood analysis of the surging weir is difficult to be comprehensively and accurately collected in a short time; and the hydrological model needs long-time iterative operation for solving, which is a great challenge for rapid reservoir capacity monitoring in emergency, so that the calculation result is often difficult to satisfy. With the development of space-to-ground observation information technology, remote sensing quantitative estimation and dynamic monitoring of lake and reservoir water quantities become important contents of hydrological remote sensing research, and technical advantages are brought out in emergency, rescue and disaster relief. The lake reservoir capacity calculation algorithm based on satellite remote sensing has the core that the reservoir capacity is estimated by using a lake region digital topographic map or DEM and surface water data; the algorithm model mainly comprises: the method comprises a measurement model based on complete remote sensing and a statistical experience model combining remote sensing and actual measurement. The measurement model is used for directly calculating the lake water amount from a topographic map by using the real-time remote sensing data and the high-precision lake underwater topographic data in a matching way; the empirical model is used for estimating the lake water volume according to real-time telemetering water surface area or water level information through a reservoir capacity curve established by actual measurement. The space information technology changes the traditional complicated data collection mode and calculates the storage capacity curve quickly and accurately in a simpler mode.
The above current research state analysis finds that the existing spatial information method research mainly aims at the situation that the underwater topography data of the lake basin or the reservoir capacity curve is known. The situation faced in reality is often: the barrier lakes formed by the sudden geological disasters mostly occur in deep mountains and canyons, the traffic environment is severe, available basic data are extremely deficient, and basically no ready underwater topographic data can be utilized; especially, the remote plateaus are mostly without data and lack data areas; coupled with the urgency of emergency disposal, the complexity of the regional geological environment, and the difficulty of on-site monitoring, traditional field measurement approaches are limited. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately acquire scientific hydrological data of the barrier lake under the condition of lack of underwater topographic data is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a remote sensing rapid measuring method for the water volume reservoir capacity of a barrier lake with no water-based underground shape data, aiming at the problems that the existing remote sensing measuring algorithm of the lake water volume is strongly dependent on underwater topography data and how to rapidly and accurately obtain the scientific water volume data of the barrier lake under the condition of lacking the underwater topography data.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a remote sensing rapid measuring method for the reservoir capacity of a barrier lake water of waterless underground shape data comprises the following steps:
s1: extracting the submerged area of the water area of the barrier lake shielded by the mountain shadow;
s2: calculating the position of the polygonal central line of the barrier lake according to the water area submerged area of the barrier lake;
s3: performing fixed-point elevation measurement and lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation on the barrier lake according to the position of the polygonal centerline of the barrier lake;
s4: performing adaptive simulation on the unknown underwater topography of the barrier lake by combining slope elevation information according to the fixed point elevation measurement and the lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation;
s5: and measuring the water capacity of the barrier lake reservoir through the three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integral according to the underwater terrain and the water area of the barrier lake which are adaptively simulated.
Further, in step S1, the extracting the submerged area of the barrage lake water area under the shadow of the mountain is specifically:
based on the digital terrain elevation model, the positions of the self-shadow and the falling shadow of the mountain are obtained through analysis according to the satellite imaging angle and the solar elevation angle, and the area distribution range of the lake water area under the shadow shielding is determined through the multi-angle remote sensing information cooperation.
Further, in step S2, the position of the center line of the barrier lake polygon is calculated, specifically:
and calculating and positioning the position information of the central line of the complex polygon of the dammed lake by utilizing a Thiessen polygon algorithm according to the equal distance between a point on the central line of the Delaunay criterion and discrete points on two sides and the Strahler method classification principle.
Further, in step S3, performing fixed-point elevation measurement and lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation on the barrier lake, specifically:
and acquiring elevation information of a preset place by using an air-space-ground remote sensing technical means, fitting the slope of the terrain of the local area of the river channel according to the elevation information of the preset place, and estimating the elevation of the centerline of the lake bed.
Further, the elevation information of the preset place comprises a dam bottom elevation and a riverbed elevation at the position of the farthest water return line.
Further, in step S4, performing adaptive simulation on the unknown underwater topography of the barrage lake by combining the slope elevation information, specifically:
and taking the lake bed centerline elevation and slope elevation information fitted by the fixed point elevation measurement as the input of a Gaussian terrain surface fitting algorithm, and adaptively fitting the terrain elevation of the underwater unknown area of the barrier lake to generate an underwater terrain digital elevation model of the barrier lake.
Further, in step S5, the calculating of the capacity of the barrage lake by the three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integration specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of utilizing water body submerging space range information extracted by multi-angle remote sensing and simulated digital terrain information of the barrier lake underwater, adopting an irregular complex curved surface volume calculus model, and calculating the quasi real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake through the three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integral, wherein the calculation formula of the quasi real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake is specifically as follows:
wherein: vw is the quasi-real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake, Hw is the elevation of the lake surface, Hb is the elevation of the lake bed, and ds is the differential unit area.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the method utilizes the existing optical remote sensing image and digital elevation model data, and avoids the limitation of the traditional means through local slope estimation, segmented self-adaptive fitting and discrete surface integration, reduces data dependence, effectively improves the timeliness of information, solves the problem of accuracy and efficiency of the estimation of the water quantity of the barrier lake in areas with incomplete data, realizes the accurate measurement and the curve drawing of the reservoir capacity of the barrier lake based on complete remote sensing, and provides technical support for further optimizing the emergency disposal and the risk evaluation of the barrier lake;
(2) according to the method for calculating the total reservoir capacity, the total reservoir capacity information is directly obtained based on the real-time water surface submerged area remote sensing monitoring and the three-dimensional discrete surface integral of the simulated underwater terrain, the dynamic reservoir capacity interference and the error uncertainty are effectively avoided, the technical process is simplified, the calculation intensity is reduced, and meanwhile, the requirement of rapid business reservoir capacity emergency monitoring can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a remote sensing method for measuring and calculating reservoir capacity of a barrier lake without water and underground topography data according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the configuration of a barrage lake of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the reservoir capacity of the barrier lake/river type reservoir of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of mountain shadow occlusion according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a time-space distribution diagram of the water area of the Sarez Weissen lake of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the reservoir capacity of a dammed lake established by the invention;
fig. 7 is a comparison diagram of the authenticity check, i.e., the accuracy verification, performed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are a subset of the embodiments of the invention and are not all embodiments of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for remotely sensing and rapidly measuring reservoir capacity of a barrier lake water volume of an underwater topography data, which utilizes an existing optical remote sensing image and digital elevation model data, and solves the problems of difficulty in obtaining underwater topography data, delayed timeliness of information obtaining and the like through local slope estimation, piecewise adaptive fitting and discrete surface integration, and effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of estimating the barrier lake water volume of an area with incomplete data. The method realizes the precise measurement of the reservoir capacity of the barrier lake and the reservoir capacity curve drawing based on the complete remote sensing, and provides an efficient method for the remote sensing and the rapid estimation and the monitoring of the plateau barrier lake water amount of the waterless underground topographic data. Meanwhile, the remote sensing rapid measuring method for the reservoir capacity of the barrier lake water can be popularized and applied to any barrier lake in plateau and high mountain areas, and the technology is highly universal. In the embodiment, a century damming lake-Serez lake in Pamilar plateau is taken as a research area, and remote sensing inversion and empirical research of the water quantity of the damming lake is carried out. The remote sensing rapid determination method for the reservoir capacity of the water of the barrier lake comprises the following steps:
step S1: and extracting the submerged area of the dammed lake water area shielded by the mountain shadow. Due to the shielding of mountain shadows, the single first-stage remote sensing image may not be capable of completely identifying the whole area of the water area. In order to obtain a high-precision water area distribution range, the problem of mountain occlusion is solved through a multi-angle method on the basis of the global local adaptive iteration threshold segmentation of the normalized water body index. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
through digital terrain elevation model, according to satellite imaging angle and solar altitude, the analysis judges the space position of the local shadow and the falling shadow of the mountain, and simultaneously determines the area distribution range of the lake water area under the shadow shielding through the cooperation of multi-angle remote sensing information.
Referring to fig. 2, barrier lakes can be broadly classified into four major categories in terms of origin, namely glacier barrier lakes, earthquake barrier lakes, volcanic barrier lakes, sedimentary barrier lakes, and the like. The natural weir dam body makes the original river valley blocked by the weir, the water flow is continuously gathered above the blocked object, submerges the land and farmland around the river channel, and retains the water to form the lake, namely the river channel type reservoir. The lake area of the whole barrage lake ranges from the front of the dam to the end of the farthest backwater line position. As the weir plug body is mostly made of loose materials with structures of stones, rock soil, gravel and the like, the safety and the stability are poor integrally, and the dam plug body is influenced by lake water permeation, scouring, erosion, dissolution, piping, collapse, overtopping and the like, so that the risk of burst exists at any time.
Referring to fig. 3, the reservoir capacity of the dammed lake refers to the total water storage capacity from the farthest backwater section to the front of the dam body, or the water storage capacity below the water level of a certain dam. I.e. the maximum volume contained by the tangency of the natural water surface/reference plane to the terrain surface. For the long and narrow type barrier lake/river channel type reservoir, the total reservoir capacity consists of a refined reservoir capacity and a movable reservoir capacity due to the water head gradient. The static reservoir capacity can be understood as the volume formed by the natural extension of the water level plane in front of the dam and the underwater topography, the polygonal ABC volume corresponding to the water level H in front of the dam in the figure 3, the dynamic reservoir capacity is formed by the natural water level, the water level plane in front of the dam and the topographic curved surface, and the polygonal ACDE volume in the figure 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the shadow on the remote sensing image is determined mainly according to the ground elevation of the target object, the sensor observation angle during imaging and the solar elevation angle or zenith angle, wherein the solar elevation angle is estimated according to the geographic position and imaging time of imaging, the position of the ghost and the falling shadow of the mountain is determined according to the sun elevation angle, whether the falling shadow shields the lake surface water body is determined, and if shielding occurs, the final flooding range of the lake surface water body can be determined according to cooperation of multi-phase observation and multi-angle remote sensing information in one year.
Step S2: and calculating the position of the polygonal center line of the barrier lake according to the water area submerged area of the barrier lake determined in the step S1. Because of the afflux of the branch streams and the form complexity of the riverway in the riverway with the dammed dam, the central line of the riverway is extracted and positioned, not only the central line of the main stream needs to be considered, but also the central lines of all afflux branch streams cannot be ignored. In this embodiment, the taison polygon algorithm is used, and according to the fact that the distances from the points located on the center line to the discrete points on the two sides of the center line are equal, the center line position information of the river channel complex polygon is calculated and located through the Delaunay criterion and the vector river network strathler classification principle. It should be noted that the position can be calculated according to other methods, not only by the Delaunay criterion and the vector river network strathler classification principle.
Step S3: and (4) performing fixed-point elevation measurement and lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation on the barrier lake through the position of the polygonal centerline of the barrier lake in the step (S2), wherein the fixed-point elevation measurement and the lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation include the position under the barrier body, the position of the farthest backwater line and part of the middle positions, and all the position points are on the position of the polygonal centerline of the barrier lake. And acquiring the elevation information of the preset place by using an air-space-ground remote sensing technical means. In this embodiment, the elevation information of the preset place is acquired by adopting the oblique photogrammetry of the unmanned aerial vehicle. Specifically, the elevation information of the preset place comprises a dam bottom elevation and a riverbed elevation at the position of the farthest water return line.
And fitting the slope of the terrain of the local area of the river channel according to the elevation information of the preset place, and estimating the elevation of the centerline of the lake bed. In this embodiment, the elevation information of the preset location necessarily includes the elevation of the dam bottom and the elevation of the riverbed at the farthest backwater position. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the river channel gradient in the local area, the elevation information of the preset place can also adopt the elevation of a middle point between the elevation of the dam bottom and the elevation of the riverbed at the position of the farthest backwater line, and then the estimation accuracy of the river channel gradient in the local area is estimated through nonlinear fitting.
Step S4: and (4) performing segmented underwater terrain adaptive simulation on the barrier lake by fitting and estimating the elevation of the center line of the lake bed through the fixed point elevation measurement in the step S3 and combining with the elevation information of the side slope. Specifically, according to fixed point elevation measurement and lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation, combining slope elevation information, adopting a Gaussian curve fitting algorithm to adaptively fit out the underwater unknown terrain elevation of the barrier lake, and then generating the underwater terrain digital elevation model of the barrier lake through a TIN algorithm. It should be noted that the adaptive fitting may be performed according to other methods, not only according to the gaussian surface fitting algorithm.
Step S5: and (4) measuring the capacity of the barrier lake reservoir through the three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integration according to the self-adaptive simulated underwater terrain in the step (S4) and the water inundation area of the barrier lake in the step (S1). Specifically, the method comprises the steps of utilizing water body submerging space range information extracted by multi-angle remote sensing and simulated digital terrain information of the barrier lake underwater, adopting an irregular complex curved surface body calculus model, and calculating the quasi real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake through three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integration, wherein a calculation formula of the quasi real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein: vw is the quasi-real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake, Hw is the elevation of the lake surface, Hb is the elevation of the lake bed, and ds is the differential unit area.
In this embodiment, for the spatial grid data, the discrete surface integral specifically includes:
wherein: vw is the quasi-real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake, HwiIs the lake surface elevation, Hb of the ith pixeliLake bed elevation, Spixel, for the ith pixeliAnd m is the total number of the picture elements of all water areas submerged in the barrier lake.
Referring to fig. 5, by using remote sensing archived data of a research area since 1972, water area distribution information of the tratzian lake in 1972-2019 is extracted according to water body index adaptive threshold segmentation and multi-angle mountain shadow occlusion elimination. As can be seen from the figure, the water area distribution, the farthest backwater position, the submerging range, the dynamic change and the like of the Serratia lakes in different years are realized. This information is the two-dimensional quadrant of the surface integral in the subsequent water volume estimation.
Referring to fig. 6, according to the three-dimensional digital storage capacity model of fig. 6, the area of the submerged area of the dammed lake is defined as 86.97km2 according to the latest Sentinel satellite image data, and the water level before the dammed lake is about: 3264.05 m. The amount of water in the Schrez lake is 158.72 + -5 hundred million m at that time and is quantitatively measured and calculated based on the submerged area and the underwater topography3。
Referring to fig. 7, in order to verify the feasibility of the method and the credibility of the calculation result, a similar river valley of the branch geomorphology of the mugg river is selected to perform verification research. When the river channel is blocked, the underwater topography is unknown and analyzed, the upstream water supply is continuous, the water level continuously rises, the water level in front of the dam rises from 3270 meters to 3450 meters, the method of the embodiment is used for calculating and simulating the water storage capacity in the lake, the result is compared with the real data, and a comparison graph of the result is shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from the figure: the method of the embodiment can accurately invert the water amount of the lake, the height of the reservoir capacity analog value is consistent with that of the real value on each water level section, the correlation coefficient reaches 95%, the error is within an acceptable range, namely the maximum error is controlled within a 10% range, and therefore the robustness of the algorithm and the reliability of the estimation result are further proved.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described in an illustrative manner, and are not to be considered limiting, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which are merely exemplary embodiments of the invention and not limiting of the actual constructions and methods. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, the structural modes and embodiments similar to the technical solutions are not creatively designed without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A remote sensing rapid measuring method for the reservoir capacity of a barrier lake water of waterless underground shape data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: extracting the submerged area of the water area of the barrier lake shielded by the mountain shadow;
s2: calculating the position of the polygonal central line of the barrier lake according to the water area submerged area of the barrier lake;
s3: performing fixed-point elevation measurement and lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation on the barrier lake according to the position of the polygonal centerline of the barrier lake;
s4: performing adaptive simulation on the unknown underwater topography of the barrier lake by combining slope elevation information according to the fixed point elevation measurement and the lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation;
s5: and measuring the water capacity of the barrier lake reservoir through the three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integral according to the underwater terrain and the water area of the barrier lake which are adaptively simulated.
2. The method for remotely sensing and rapidly measuring the reservoir capacity of the dammed lake water without the underwater subsurface shape data according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the method for extracting the inundation area of the dammed lake water area under the shadow of the mountain is specifically as follows:
based on the digital terrain elevation model, the positions of the self-shadow and the falling shadow of the mountain are obtained through analysis according to the satellite imaging angle and the solar elevation angle, and the area distribution range of the lake water area under the shadow shielding is determined through the multi-angle remote sensing information cooperation.
3. The method for remotely sensing and rapidly measuring the reservoir capacity of the weir lake water without the subsurface shape data according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S2, the position of the polygonal center line of the weir lake is calculated, and specifically:
and calculating and positioning the position information of the central line of the complex polygon of the dammed lake by utilizing a Thiessen polygon algorithm according to the equal distance between a point on the central line of the Delaunay criterion and discrete points on two sides and the Strahler method classification principle.
4. The method for remotely sensing and rapidly measuring the reservoir capacity of the barrier lake without the water underground form data according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, fixed point elevation measurement and lake bed centerline elevation fitting estimation are performed on the barrier lake, and specifically:
and acquiring elevation information of a preset place by using an air-space-ground remote sensing technical means, fitting the slope of the terrain of the local area of the river channel according to the elevation information of the preset place, and estimating the elevation of the centerline of the lake bed.
5. The method for remotely sensing the reservoir capacity of the dammed lake without the water underground form information according to claim 4, wherein the elevation information of the preset place comprises a dam bottom elevation and a riverbed elevation at the position of the farthest water return line.
6. The method for remotely sensing and rapidly measuring the reservoir capacity of the dammed lake water without the underwater subsurface topography data according to claim 4, wherein in the step S4, the slope elevation information is combined to perform adaptive simulation on the unknown underwater topography of the dammed lake, and specifically:
and taking the lake bed centerline elevation and slope elevation information fitted by the fixed point elevation measurement as the input of a Gaussian terrain surface fitting algorithm, and adaptively fitting the terrain elevation of the underwater unknown area of the barrier lake to generate an underwater terrain digital elevation model of the barrier lake.
7. The method for remotely sensing and rapidly measuring the reservoir capacity of the barrier lake water without the water underground form data as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step S5, the water capacity of the barrier lake reservoir is measured and calculated by the three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integral, and specifically:
the method comprises the steps of utilizing water body submerging space range information extracted by multi-angle remote sensing and simulated digital terrain information of the barrier lake underwater, adopting an irregular complex curved surface volume calculus model, and calculating the quasi real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake through the three-dimensional curved surface space discrete integral, wherein the calculation formula of the quasi real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake is specifically as follows:
Vw＝∮(Hw-Hb)ds
wherein: vw is the quasi-real-time water storage capacity of the barrier lake, Hw is the elevation of the lake surface, Hb is the elevation of the lake bed, and ds is the differential unit area.
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