CN113516764A - Lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method and device based on digital elevation model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method and device based on a digital elevation model, wherein the method comprises the following steps: generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to water and non-water pixels according to the digital elevation model of the lake water and the surrounding land; acquiring a lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land water binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of pixels in a preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix; according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced, the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface is calculated in an iterative manner until the pixels of the water body are all calculated, and the underwater terrain matrix of the simulated lake reservoir is obtained; and correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix. The method has the advantages of low monitoring cost, convenience in updating and batch output of large-area lake and reservoir underwater simulation results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer graphics, in particular to a lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method and device based on a digital elevation model.
Background
Global water circulation is an important influencing factor of global climate, surface water is one of very important components in global water circulation, and lakes (including natural lakes and artificial ponds) are the most prominent manifestation of surface water resources. In addition to glaciers and permanent snow covers, lake and reservoir (natural lakes and artificial waters) water is a second type of surface water resource that is one of the major factors affecting global sea level changes.
The water storage capacity of the lake reservoir is the volume of the main body of the lake reservoir, is mainly determined by the underwater topography of the lake reservoir, is influenced by the surrounding topography and the deposition condition, and changes along with the factors of precipitation, evaporation, inflow and outflow, underground seepage and the like. For accurate water storage capacity measurement of a single lake reservoir, underwater topography is generally measured, and then two-dimensional integration is performed to obtain a result. However, the problems of cost of manpower and material resources, data confidentiality and the like which are widely measured in lakes and reservoirs seriously affect the knowledge of people on the change of surface water reserves, thereby also affecting the knowledge of people on scientific problems such as global or regional water circulation, global sea level lifting relation and the like. In the aspect of water resource management application, the current situation also limits the coping time of people to drought and waterlogging disasters frequently occurring in the global scope in recent years.
In recent years, researches for comprehensively utilizing satellite remote sensing and lake and reservoir digital elevation to construct lake and reservoir area-volume and water level-volume are researched, but a statistical relationship method is mostly adopted, and the relation between the solid volume and the area is established according to a terrain statistical rule. The empirical formula method cannot reflect the difference characteristics of the underwater topography on different regions of the lake and the reservoir, and the accuracy is relatively coarse when the method is used for estimating the water reserves. Therefore, a simulation method of underwater topography needs to be adopted to construct an underwater three-dimensional topography model of a large area of a lake reservoir. The underwater topography is the key basic data for estimating the water reserves in the lakes and reservoirs, and is a parameter for representing the change of the underwater topography. The key to acquiring the underwater topography of the lake or the reservoir is to accurately measure or simulate the water depth of the water body in the lake or the reservoir at different positions. However, for most bodies of water at the surface, the underwater topography is a difficult to acquire or collect data.
Remote sensing spectroscopy is a traditional method of remote sensing technology and is a process for conjecturing ground objects by utilizing electromagnetic wave spectrum characteristics received by a remote sensing platform. The specific principle is that the electromagnetic wave reflected from a certain water surface is a function of the depth of the water column, and different lake depths are inverted for different wave length reflectivities of the electromagnetic wave. Studies have shown that the blue and green bands of the short wavelength radiation range have the strongest penetration of water. A common optical remote sensing data source is various multispectral satellite images. The coast zone blue wave band equipped on the WorldView-2 satellite is proved to detect a deeper water body than other satellite sensor data, and the water depth measurement precision is higher. The optical remote sensing image is suitable for depth measurement of clear and shallow water bodies, but actual measurement water body optical characteristic parameters or water depth samples are required to be used as input of a model. However, the relative dielectric constant of water is large, so that the electromagnetic wave is difficult to penetrate through the water body, when the water depth exceeds the critical water depth by 20 m, the reflection characteristics of the electromagnetic wave lose difference, and particularly when the water body is relatively turbid, the critical water depth is further reduced, and the method is difficult to apply to large and medium lakes. Although in high turbidity waters, active remote sensing data sources such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), aviation side view radar (SLAR), and laser radar (LiDAR) may be used, such as ERS-1, RISAT-1, COSMO-SkyMed, single or full waveform aviation LiDAR, and the like. However, because radar data processing requires a large amount of prior data, algorithm complexity is high, data acquisition cost is high (an aviation radar and a laser radar), and the like, the water depth measurement based on active microwave and laser remote sensing has obvious limitations in the aspect of wide-range application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method and device based on a digital elevation model.
The invention provides a lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on a digital elevation model, which comprises the following steps: generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to water and non-water pixels according to the digital elevation model of the lake water and the surrounding land; acquiring a lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land water binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of pixels in a preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix; according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced, the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface is calculated in an iterative manner until all the pixels of the water body are calculated, and the underwater terrain matrix of the simulated lake reservoir is obtained; and correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
According to the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model, before polynomial fitting is carried out according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel, the gradient of the pixel is calculated through the following formula:
slopeWE＝[(DEMi-1，j+1+2×DEMi，j+1+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi，j-1+DEMi+1，j-1)]÷(8×CellSize)
slopeSN＝[(DEMi+1，j-1+2×DEMi+1，j+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi-1，j+DEMi-1，j+1)]÷(8×CellSize)
wherein, DEMi，jCalculating pixel elevation for current, i and j are row-column coordinates, slope, of current calculated pixeldegreesFor the calculated DEMi，jSlope value, slope, of picture elementsWEAnd slopeSNFor the current calculation of the rate of change of the elevation of the pixel in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, CellSize is the spatial resolution of the digital elevation model used.
According to the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model, before the polynomial fitting is carried out according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel, the method further comprises the following steps: and classifying according to the gradient of the overwater pixels nearest to the boundary of the water body in the lake and reservoir, and respectively determining different preset ranges, wherein the size of the preset range corresponds to the gradient.
According to the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model, before polynomial fitting is carried out according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel reverse slope, the slope direction is calculated through the following formula:
slopeWE＝[(DEMi-1，j+1+2×DEMi，j+1+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi，j-1+DEMi+1，j-1)]÷(8×CellSize)
slopeSN＝[(DEMi+1，j-1+2×DEMi+1，j+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi-1，j+DEMi-1，j+1)]÷(8×CellSize)
wherein, DEMi，jCalculating the elevation of the current pixel, i and j are row and column coordinates of the current pixel, and aspect is the DEM obtained by calculationi，jSlope value, slope, of picture elementsWEAnd slopeSNFor the current calculation of the rate of change of the pixels in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, CellSize is the pixel size of the digital elevation model used.
According to the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model, polynomial fitting is carried out according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel, and the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel is determined through the following method:
FitSlope＝PolyFit(X，MaxScale-1)
determining coefficients from a polynomial of zero degree to a polynomial of MaxScale-1 degree in a PolyFit function by using a least square method, and determining an optimal polynomial fitting equation according to error evaluation of each polynomial fitting;
the FitSlope is the gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel obtained by polynomial fitting, X is a pixel gradient value vector of the reverse gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel in a preset range, MaxScale is the number of pixels representing the preset range, and MaxScale-1 is the maximum number of fitting polynomials.
According to the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model, the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface is calculated in an iterative manner until all the pixels of the water body are calculated by assuming that the water surface height continuously drops according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, and the method comprises the following steps:
taking the water surface elevation of the digital elevation model obtained through statistics as the current calculation elevation, taking a circle of pixels of a water body boundary of a lake-reservoir water-land binary matrix as a calculated area matrix, sequentially determining the simulated elevation of the pixels to be calculated according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the calculated area matrix as initial conditions, and updating the calculated area matrix until the calculated simulated elevation of the pixels to be calculated is lower than the current calculation elevation;
gradually reducing the height of the water surface according to a preset step length, taking the reduced height of the water surface as the current calculation height after each reduction, and sequentially determining the simulation height of the pixel to be calculated according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the height of the previous step length until the calculated simulation height of the pixel to be calculated is lower than the current calculation height;
and if all the water surface pixels are calculated and iterated, obtaining the matrix simulating the underwater topography of the lake reservoir.
According to the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model, the final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix is obtained by correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part, and the method comprises the following steps:
by lifting the water surface elevation of the lake reservoir, performing iterative calculation by taking the lifted elevation as the current elevation of the primary iterative calculation to obtain a lifted lake reservoir underwater terrain simulation result; determining land pixels submerged by lifting the elevation of the water surface, respectively calculating the root mean square error of the simulated elevation and the real elevation according to different submerged lifting heights of the pixels, and searching a coefficient which enables the root mean square error to be minimum to serve as a correction coefficient of the current submerged height; and fitting the correction coefficients of different submerging heights to obtain a correction curve about the water depth, and correcting the obtained underwater terrain simulation matrix according to different depths to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation result.
The invention also provides a lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation device based on the digital elevation model, which comprises: the land and water division module is used for generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to pixels of the water body and the non-water body according to the digital elevation model of the lake water body and the surrounding land; the gradient determining module is used for acquiring the lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix; the terrain processing module is used for iteratively calculating the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface until all the pixels of the water body are calculated by assuming that the water surface height continuously decreases according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation to obtain a simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix; and the terrain correction module is used for correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by utilizing the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
The invention also provides electronic equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the steps of the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model.
The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method for simulating three-dimensional underwater topography of a lake reservoir based on a digital elevation model according to any one of the above.
According to the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method and device based on the digital elevation model, three-dimensional simulation is carried out on lake and reservoir underwater terrain by using digital elevation model data, remote sensing data can be obtained freely, and the space coverage range of the remote sensing data is wide, so that compared with a traditional field actual measurement method, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the monitoring cost is low, updating is convenient, large-area lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation results can be output in batches, and popularization and application can be carried out in a large range. In addition, the three-dimensional simulation is carried out on the lake and reservoir underwater terrain based on the digital elevation model data, the geographic information of the terrain around the lake and reservoir is referred, and the relation between different lake and reservoir areas and the volume of the lake and reservoir can be output.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on a digital elevation model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic flow chart of the method for simulating lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain based on digital elevation model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the method for simulating the underwater three-dimensional terrain in the lake and reservoir based on the digital elevation model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation device for lakes and reservoirs based on a digital elevation model, provided by the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method and the device for simulating the underwater three-dimensional terrain of the lake and reservoir based on the digital elevation model are described in the following with reference to fig. 1-5. Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on a digital elevation model, as shown in fig. 1, the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on a digital elevation model provided by the invention comprises:
101. and generating a binary matrix about the pixels of the water body and the non-water body according to the digital elevation models of the lake water body and the surrounding land.
Firstly, collecting and cutting digital elevation model images, and performing batch reading and frequency statistics on the collected and preprocessed digital elevation model images. And then, according to the water surface elevation value obtained through statistics, setting the water body pixel as 1 and the non-water pixel as 0 to generate a binary matrix.
In one embodiment, generating a binary matrix for pixels of a water body and a non-water body according to a digital elevation model of a lake water body and surrounding land comprises: generating an initial value of pixels of a water body and a non-water body according to a digital elevation model of the lake water body and the surrounding land, and performing image corrosion and image expansion on the initial binary matrix to obtain a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix. This will be described below as an example.
And for the processing of the initial binary matrix, applying the structural elements such as 3 x 3 to the initial binary matrix to carry out image corrosion and image expansion to obtain the pixel amphibious lake and reservoir amphibious binary matrix.
Wherein, the construction element of 3 x 3 can be constructed in the following form:
wherein, ConvolationAlCore is a constructed construction element.
102. And obtaining the lake and reservoir water boundary according to the lake and reservoir land water binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix.
And extracting a water surface pixel part matrix, namely a part with a pixel value equal to 1, by using the acquired lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix. And applying the constructed structural elements to the extracted matrix of the lake and reservoir water surface pixel part to perform image corrosion operation, wherein the intersection of the constructed structural elements and the matrix before the corrosion operation is the lake and reservoir water body boundary.
The pixels in the reverse slope direction are pixels above the water surface, fitting is carried out according to the pixels in the slope direction, and a plurality of pixels in a preset range are selected to participate in the fitting of the slope. Due to the continuity of the gradient, the gradient of the water body boundary pixel is easy to calculate. And the gradients of all water body boundary pixels form a surrounding gradient matrix.
103. And according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, iteratively calculating the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced until all the pixels of the water body are calculated, thereby obtaining the matrix simulating the underwater topography of the lake reservoir.
In 103, according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced, the simulation elevation of the pixels exposed out of the water surface is iteratively calculated until all the water body pixels are calculated, and the matrix of the underwater topography of the simulated lake reservoir is obtained.
And finishing the slope calculation of all the water body boundary pixels of the underwater part, so as to obtain the simulated elevations of all the water body boundary pixels of the underwater part, and finally obtaining the underwater topography matrix of the simulated lake reservoir.
104. And correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
The correction coefficient of the current method for the lake and reservoir underwater terrain simulation result is the ratio of the actually measured average water depth of the lake and reservoir to the simulated average water depth of the lake and reservoir, the correction cannot be carried out on the lake and reservoir without actually measured data, and the deviation of the uncorrected underwater simulation result and the actual value is large. In the invention, the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix can be corrected through the real water part.
The lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model utilizes the digital elevation model data to carry out three-dimensional simulation on the lake and reservoir underwater terrain, and has the advantages of low monitoring cost, convenience in updating, capability of outputting large-area lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation results in batches and capability of being popularized and applied in a large range compared with the traditional field actual measurement method due to the fact that the remote sensing data are convenient to obtain and the space coverage range of the remote sensing data is wide. In addition, the three-dimensional simulation is carried out on the lake and reservoir underwater terrain based on the digital elevation model data, the geographic information of the terrain around the lake and reservoir is referred, and the relation between different lake and reservoir areas and the volume of the lake and reservoir can be output.
In an embodiment, before performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the pixel at the boundary of the lake and reservoir water bodies, the method further includes calculating the gradient of the pixel by the following formula:
slopeWE＝[(DEMi-1，j+1+2×DEMi，j+1+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi，j-1+DEMi+1，j-1)]÷(8×CellSize)
slopeSN＝[(DEMi+1，j-1+2×DEMi+1，j+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi-1，j+DEMi-1，j+1)]÷(8×CellSize)
wherein, DEMi，jFor the current pixel, i and j are the row-column coordinates, slope, of the current pixeldegreesFor the calculated DEMi，jSlope value, slope, of picture elementsWEAnd slopeSNCellSize is the spatial resolution of the digital elevation model used for the current calculation of the rate of change of the pixels in the east-west direction and the north-south direction。
In one embodiment, before performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the pixel at the boundary of the water body in the lake and reservoir, the method further includes: and grading according to the gradient of the non-water pixel on the lake and reservoir water body boundary, and respectively determining different preset ranges, wherein the size of the preset range corresponds to the gradient.
As a preferred alternative, grading is performed according to the gradient of the overwater pixel closest to the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel, and different preset ranges are respectively determined, wherein the step of determining the gradient comprises the following steps:
the CurrentSlope is the gradient value of the nearest overwater pixel of the current lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel, and the gradient of the last circle of the pixel to be calculated is already calculated. MIN and MAX are the slope maximum values of all pixels of the lake and reservoir water body boundary, and MaxScale is a fitting range determined by the current lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels.
In an embodiment, before performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel reverse slope, the method further includes calculating the slope by the following formula:
slopewE＝[(DEMi-1，j+1+2×DEMi，j+1+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi，j-1+DEMi+1，j-1)]÷(8×CellSize)
slopeSN＝[(DEMi+1，j-1+2×DEMi+1，j+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi-1，j+DEMi-1，j+1)]÷(8×CellSize)
wherein, DEMi，jCalculating pixel elevation for current, i and j being current calculation pixelsRow and column coordinates of (1), aspect is the DEM obtained by calculationi，jSlope value, slope, of picture elementsWEAnd slopeSNFor the current calculation of the rate of change of the pixels in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, CellSize is the pixel size of the digital elevation model used.
The slope value aspect will then be converted into a compass direction value (0 to 360 degrees) according to the following rule:
in one embodiment, the determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel by performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel comprises the following steps:
FitSlope＝PolyFit(X，MaxScale-1)
determining coefficients from a polynomial of zero degree to a polynomial of MaxScale-1 degree in a PolyFit function by using a least square method, and determining an optimal polynomial fitting equation according to error evaluation of each polynomial fitting;
the FitSlope is the gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel obtained by polynomial fitting, X is a pixel gradient value vector of the reverse gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel in a preset range, MaxScale is the number of pixels representing the preset range, and MaxScale-1 is the maximum number of fitting polynomials.
As an alternative embodiment, the error evaluation of the polynomial fitting may be calculated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) indicators by:
wherein, yiIn order to be the true value of the value,
is an analog value, and m is the number of values.
In one embodiment, iteratively calculating the simulated elevation of the pixels exposed to the water surface until all the pixels of the water body are calculated by assuming that the water surface height is continuously decreased according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation comprises:
taking the water surface elevation of the digital elevation model obtained through statistics as the current calculation elevation, taking a circle of pixels of a water body boundary of a lake-reservoir water-land binary matrix as a calculated area matrix, sequentially determining the simulated elevation of the pixels to be calculated according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the calculated area matrix as initial conditions, and updating the calculated area matrix until the calculated simulated elevation of the pixels to be calculated is lower than the current calculation elevation; gradually reducing the height of the water surface according to a preset step length, taking the reduced height of the water surface as the current calculation height after each reduction, and sequentially determining the simulation height of the pixel to be calculated according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the height of the previous step length until the calculated simulation height of the pixel to be calculated is lower than the current calculation height; and if all the water surface pixels are calculated and iterated, obtaining the matrix simulating the underwater topography of the lake reservoir.
Loop iteration parameters need to be initialized before step 103: and (4) currently calculating the elevation, the calculated matrix and the step length of the water surface elevation decrement. Referring to fig. 2, in the first iteration, the water surface elevation of the digital elevation model obtained through statistics is used as the current calculation elevation, and after the current elevation iteration is finished, the current calculation elevation is updated according to a preset decreasing step length to obtain the current calculation elevation of the next iteration; in the first iteration, a circle of pixels on the water body boundary of the lake and reservoir land binary matrix are used as a calculated area matrix, the elevation of one pixel is calculated in each iteration and then recorded, and the calculated area matrix is updated; the water surface elevation decrement step length is the elevation descending step length of each iteration, the water surface elevation decrement step length is set to be 1 meter, the finer the decrement step length is, the finer the calculation result is, but the corresponding calculation time is prolonged; the coarser the step size of the decrement, the coarser the partial area may be caused. The descending step length affects the calculation sequence of the pixels to be calculated.
The current pixel to be calculated is defined as a pixel higher than the current calculation elevation in the boundary pixels of the calculated area matrix, and can be judged in the following way:
CalculatePoint＝CalculatedMatrixpos&DEMpos(DEMpos>H)
wherein the CalculatePoint is a current pixel to be calculated, CalculatedmatrixposDEM for the inner boundary pixels of the calculated area matrixpos(DEMpos>H) For pixels above the current calculated elevation,&the representation takes the intersection of the two.
The lake and reservoir terrain is considered to be continuous, the elevation of the pixel to be calculated is determined according to the pixel close to the bank, and the difference of the estimation result of the pixel to be calculated is larger for the pixel far away from the bank, so that the pixel is not considered. The adjacent direction of the pixel to be calculated is defined as the direction in which the current pixel to be calculated is communicated with the calculated area matrix, and comprises four geographic directions of east, west, south and north. Determining the adjacency direction (Adjacency direction) of the pixel to be calculated is performed by:
Adjacentdirection＝min{DisN,DisE,DisS,DinW}
therein, DisN,KisE,DisS,DisWAnd min is the minimum value of the items to be solved, wherein the horizontal distances of the pixel to be calculated from the east, west, south and north geographic directions are the current horizontal distances.
Determining the elevation of the current pixel to be calculated is carried out in the following way:
Z(i)＝h(i)-k(i)×CellSize
where Z (i) is the simulated elevation of the current computed pixel element, h ((i) and k (i) are the elevation and slope of the adjacent boundary points, and CellSize is the spatial resolution of the digital elevation model used.
Let slope k be the spanRatio of
The functions of (2) are obtained by respectively adopting power functions and trigonometric functions to approximate the slope functions, so that satisfactory effects are obtained, and the similarity conditions are met.
Wherein, x is the horizontal distance between the current calculating pixel of the section and the imaginary bottom point of the slope function, D is the horizontal span, k0 is the slope of the original boundary point, n is the parameter of the power function, and n is 1 in the invention. See in particular fig. 3.
When the determined current pixel to be calculated is calculated, the current elevation iteration is regarded as the end, and the current calculation elevation is updated according to the preset decreasing step length to obtain the current calculation elevation of the next iteration; and updating the calculated area matrix according to whether the pixels are calculated or not, taking the updated area matrix as an initialization parameter of the next iteration, and when all the pixels to be calculated cannot be found, namely all the pixels on the water surface are stopped by the calculation iteration, and outputting the matrix simulating the underwater topography of the lake reservoir.
In one embodiment, the correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the above-water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix includes: by lifting the water surface elevation of the lake reservoir, performing iterative calculation by taking the lifted elevation as the current elevation of the primary iterative calculation to obtain a lifted lake reservoir underwater terrain simulation result; determining land pixels submerged by lifting the elevation of the water surface, respectively calculating the root mean square error of the simulated elevation and the real elevation according to different submerged lifting heights of the pixels, and searching a coefficient which enables the root mean square error to be minimum to serve as a correction coefficient of the current submerged height; and fitting the correction coefficients of different submerging heights to obtain a correction curve about the water depth, and correcting the obtained underwater terrain simulation matrix according to different depths to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation result.
Firstly, artificially lifting the water surface elevation of the lake reservoir, and performing iterative computation by taking the elevation as the current elevation of the primary iterative computation to obtain a lifted lake reservoir underwater terrain simulation result; then, searching and determining land pixels submerged by lifting the elevation of the water surface, and classifying according to different submerged lifting heights (called as submerged heights) of the pixels; then, calculating the root mean square error between the simulated elevation and the real elevation of the pixels with different submerging heights, and searching a coefficient which enables the root mean square error to be minimum to serve as a correction coefficient of the current submerging height. The correction coefficient is a product coefficient that minimizes the root mean square error. And finally, fitting the correction coefficients of different submerging heights to obtain a curve, and correcting the obtained underwater terrain simulation matrix according to different depths to obtain the final lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain.
The invention mainly solves and realizes the following steps: 1. the fluctuation characteristics of different lakes in the slope direction. Considering the influence of fluctuation information of surrounding terrains of different lakes and reservoirs on three-dimensional terrain simulation, the method is realized by fitting the slope of each pixel of the lake and reservoir boundary to the slope of the pixels in a reverse certain range when the slope of the surrounding lakes and reservoirs is calculated, and has extrapolation performance; 2. the error is reduced by the water part. The basic principle of the terrain continuation method is that the terrains of the above-water part and the underwater part are continuous and have similarity, underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation is carried out after the elevation of the water surface of the lake reservoir is artificially lifted for a certain distance, the numerical value which enables the root mean square error of the simulated elevation and the real elevation of a pixel corresponding to each lifted vertical distance to be minimum is calculated and obtained by utilizing the simulated elevation and the real elevation of the submerged area due to the lifting of the water surface and serves as the correction coefficient of the distance, and finally the correction coefficients of different water depths are fitted to obtain the correction curve of the water depths; 3. and (4) fully-automatic batch processing. The invention can realize automatic processing and output only by inputting the data containing the lake and the digital elevation model around the lake, allows the data in the folder to be processed in batch, has perfect internal function encapsulation and is very convenient to operate and apply. Meanwhile, the method overcomes the situation of discontinuous simulated terrain, so that the output lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation is more consistent with cognition.
The lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation device based on the digital elevation model provided by the invention is described below, and the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation device based on the digital elevation model and the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on the digital elevation model described above can be correspondingly referred to each other.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation apparatus based on the digital elevation model, as shown in fig. 4, the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation apparatus based on the digital elevation model includes: a surface division module 401, a grade determination module 402, a terrain processing module 403 and a terrain correction module 404. The land and water division module 401 is used for generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix about pixels of a water body and a non-water body according to a digital elevation model of a lake water body and surrounding lands; the gradient determining module 402 acquires the lake and reservoir water boundary according to the lake and reservoir land binary matrix, performs polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel, determines the gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel, and obtains a surrounding gradient matrix; the terrain processing module 403 is configured to iteratively calculate a simulated elevation of the pixels exposed out of the water surface until all the pixels of the water body are calculated by assuming that the water surface height continuously decreases according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, so as to obtain a simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix; the terrain correction module 404 is configured to correct the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix using the above-water portion to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
The device embodiment provided in the embodiments of the present invention is for implementing the above method embodiments, and for details of the process and the details, reference is made to the above method embodiments, which are not described herein again.
The lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation device based on the digital elevation model provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes the digital elevation model data to carry out three-dimensional simulation on the lake and reservoir underwater terrain, and as the remote sensing data can be freely obtained and the space coverage range of the remote sensing data is wide, compared with the traditional field actual measurement method, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low monitoring cost, convenience in updating, capability of outputting large-area lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation results in batches and capability of being popularized and applied in a large range. In addition, the three-dimensional simulation is carried out on the lake and reservoir underwater terrain based on the digital elevation model data, the geographic information of the terrain around the lake and reservoir is referred, and the relation between different lake and reservoir areas and the volume of the lake and reservoir can be output.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)501, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)502, a memory (memory)503, and a communication bus 504, wherein the processor 501, the communication Interface 502, and the memory 503 are configured to communicate with each other via the communication bus 504. The processor 501 may invoke logic instructions in the memory 503 to perform a method for lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation based on a digital elevation model, the method comprising: generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to water and non-water pixels according to the digital elevation model of the lake water and the surrounding land; acquiring a lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land water binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of pixels in a preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix; according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced, the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface is calculated in an iterative manner until all the pixels of the water body are calculated, and the underwater terrain matrix of the simulated lake reservoir is obtained; and correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 503 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform the method for simulating three-dimensional underwater lake and reservoir terrain based on digital elevation model provided by the above methods, the method comprising: generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to water and non-water pixels according to the digital elevation model of the lake water and the surrounding land; acquiring a lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land water binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of pixels in a preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix; according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced, the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface is calculated in an iterative manner until all the pixels of the water body are calculated, and the underwater terrain matrix of the simulated lake reservoir is obtained; and correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
In yet another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program being implemented by a processor to perform the method for simulating three-dimensional underwater lake and reservoir terrain based on digital elevation model provided in the foregoing embodiments, the method including: generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to water and non-water pixels according to the digital elevation model of the lake water and the surrounding land; acquiring a lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land water binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of pixels in a preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix; according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced, the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface is calculated in an iterative manner until all the pixels of the water body are calculated, and the underwater terrain matrix of the simulated lake reservoir is obtained; and correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on a digital elevation model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to water and non-water pixels according to the digital elevation model of the lake water and the surrounding land;
acquiring a lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land water binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of pixels in a preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix;
according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation, by assuming that the water surface elevation is continuously reduced, the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface is calculated in an iterative manner until all the pixels of the water body are calculated, and the underwater terrain matrix of the simulated lake reservoir is obtained;
and correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
2. The method for simulating the underwater three-dimensional terrain of the lake or the reservoir based on the digital elevation model according to claim 1, wherein before the polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the pixel at the boundary of the water body of the lake or the reservoir, the method further comprises the following step of calculating the gradient of the pixel according to the following formula:
slopeWE＝[(DEMi-1，j+1+2×DEMi，j+1+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi，j-1+DEMi+1，j-1)]÷(8×CellSize)
slopeSN＝[(DEMi+1，j-1+2×DEMi+1，j+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi-1，j+DEMi-1，j+1)]÷(8×CellSize)
wherein, DEMj，jCalculating pixel elevation for current, i and j are row-column coordinates, slope, of current calculated pixeldegreesFor the calculated DEMi，jSlope value, slope, of picture elementsWEAnd slopeSNFor the current calculation of the rate of change of the elevation of the pixel in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, CellSize is the spatial resolution of the digital elevation model used.
3. The method for simulating the underwater three-dimensional terrain of the lake or the reservoir based on the digital elevation model according to claim 1, wherein before the polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the pixel at the boundary of the water body of the lake or the reservoir, the method further comprises:
and classifying according to the gradient of the overwater pixels nearest to the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixels, and respectively determining different preset ranges, wherein the size of the preset range corresponds to the gradient.
4. The method for simulating the underwater three-dimensional terrain of the lake or the reservoir based on the digital elevation model as claimed in claim 3, wherein before the polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope of the pixel at the boundary of the water body of the lake or the reservoir, the method further comprises the following steps of:
slopeWE＝[(DEMi-1，j+1+2×DEMi，j+1+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi，j-1+DEMi+1，j-1)]÷(8×CellSize)
slopeSN＝[(DEMi+1，j-1+2×DEMi+1，j+DEMi+1，j+1)-(DEMi-1，j-1+2×DEMi-1，j+DEMi-1，j+1)]÷(8×CellSize)
wherein, DEMi，jCalculating the elevation of the current pixel, i and j are row and column coordinates of the current pixel, and aspect is the DEM obtained by calculationi，jSlope value, slope, of picture elementsWEAnd slopeSNFor the current calculation of the rate of change of the pixels in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, CellSize is the pixel size of the digital elevation model used.
5. The method for simulating the underwater three-dimensional terrain of the lake or reservoir based on the digital elevation model according to claim 3, wherein the determining the gradient of the boundary pixel of the lake or reservoir water body by performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the boundary pixel of the lake or reservoir water body comprises the following steps:
FitSlope＝PolyFit(X，MaxScale-1)
determining coefficients from a polynomial of zero degree to a polynomial of MaxScale-1 degree in a PolyFit function by using a least square method, and determining an optimal polynomial fitting equation according to error evaluation of each polynomial fitting;
the FitSlope is the gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel obtained by polynomial fitting, X is a pixel gradient value vector of the reverse gradient of the lake and reservoir water boundary pixel in a preset range, MaxScale is the number of pixels representing the preset range, and MaxScale-1 is the maximum number of fitting polynomials.
6. The method for simulating the lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain based on the digital elevation model according to claim 1, wherein the step of iteratively calculating the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface until all the pixels of the water body are calculated by assuming that the water surface height continuously decreases according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation comprises the following steps:
taking the water surface elevation of the digital elevation model obtained through statistics as a current calculation elevation, taking a circle of pixels of a water body boundary of a lake and reservoir water-land binary matrix as a calculated area matrix, sequentially determining the simulation elevation of the pixels to be calculated according to a surrounding gradient matrix of a current calculation high layer and the calculated area matrix as initial conditions, and updating the calculated area matrix until the calculated simulation elevation of the pixels to be calculated is lower than the current calculation elevation;
gradually reducing the height of the water surface according to a preset step length, taking the reduced height of the water surface as the current calculation height after each reduction, and sequentially determining the simulation height of the pixel to be calculated according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the height of the previous step length until the calculated simulation height of the pixel to be calculated is lower than the current calculation height;
and if all the water surface pixels are calculated and iterated, obtaining the matrix simulating the underwater topography of the lake reservoir.
7. A lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method based on a digital elevation model as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the correction of the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by using the above-water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix comprises:
by lifting the water surface elevation of the lake reservoir, performing iterative calculation by taking the lifted elevation as the current elevation of the primary iterative calculation to obtain a lifted lake reservoir underwater terrain simulation result;
determining land pixels submerged by lifting the elevation of the water surface, respectively calculating the root mean square error of the simulated elevation and the real elevation according to different submerged lifting heights of the pixels, and searching a coefficient which enables the root mean square error to be minimum to serve as a correction coefficient of the current submerged height;
and fitting the correction coefficients of different submerging heights to obtain a correction curve about the water depth, and correcting the obtained underwater terrain simulation matrix according to different depths to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation result.
8. A lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation device based on a digital elevation model is characterized by comprising:
the land and water division module is used for generating a lake and reservoir land and water binary matrix related to pixels of the water body and the non-water body according to the digital elevation model of the lake water body and the surrounding land;
the gradient determining module is used for acquiring the lake and reservoir water body boundary according to the lake and reservoir land binary matrix, performing polynomial fitting according to the gradient of the pixel in the preset range of the reverse slope direction of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel, and determining the gradient of the lake and reservoir water body boundary pixel to obtain a surrounding gradient matrix;
the terrain processing module is used for iteratively calculating the simulation elevation of the pixel exposed out of the water surface until all the pixels of the water body are calculated by assuming that the water surface height continuously decreases according to the surrounding gradient matrix and the current water surface elevation to obtain a simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix;
and the terrain correction module is used for correcting the simulated lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix by utilizing the water part to obtain a final lake and reservoir underwater terrain matrix.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program implements the steps of the digital elevation model based lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the digital elevation model-based lake and reservoir underwater three-dimensional terrain simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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