CN112070849B - Flood inundation range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS - Google Patents
Flood inundation range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A flood inundation range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS comprises the following steps: constructing a BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion model; processing submerging range data, namely dividing a flow channel by arranging a reference water level control line with preset interval length on the flow channel on DEM data of an area where a hydro-junction project is located, interpolating each grid, and comparing the size relation between the water level and the elevation of the grid interpolation position to obtain a submerging range; and analyzing the inundation range to obtain raster data of the inundated area, and visualizing the inundation range. The invention integrates BIM and GIS, visually and accurately reflects the flood submerging range, provides powerful support for flood prevention decision of hydraulic engineering, and achieves the purposes of reducing loss and protecting life and property safety of people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of BIM and GIS dynamic display, in particular to a flood submerging range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS.
Background
The GIS technology which takes management of geographic spatial data as a core function is mainly characterized in that description of landform and distribution of corresponding constructional engineering is completed, and plays an important role in aspects of project planning and design line selection, construction general arrangement and the like, but the GIS technology is slightly insufficient in consideration of functional requirements of mass data storage and analysis in subsequent design, construction and operation management of the engineering; the BIM technology can perform three-dimensional fine management on the self frame and the internal information of the building in a world coordinate system, and enables the information of the whole life cycle of the project to be completely recorded in a single model through model unification and information standardization.
Because flood disasters occur frequently and are extremely harmful every year in China, in order to effectively avoid loss caused by flood risks, a flood risk graph needs to be dynamically displayed, but the BIM technology has slightly insufficient capacity of processing and analyzing large-range geospatial data, and the BIM and GIS fusion is applied to dynamic display and visual representation of a flood submerging range, so that technical support is provided for decision-making of decision makers.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the problems brought forward by the background technology, the invention provides a dynamic display method of the flood inundation range based on the BIM and the GIS, the BIM and the GIS are integrated, the flood inundation range is intuitively and accurately reflected, powerful support is provided for flood prevention decision of hydraulic engineering to solve, and the method is further explained.
A flood inundation range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion models, respectively building BIM models of all hydro-junction projects in a drainage basin and three-dimensional terrain models of the drainage basin, rasterizing finite elements of the three-dimensional terrain models to obtain DEM digital terrain models, and fusing the BIM models of the hydro-junction projects and the DEM digital terrain models to obtain BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion models;
s2, processing submerging range data, dividing a flow channel by arranging a datum water level control line with preset interval length on the flow channel on DEM data of an area where the hydro-junction project is located, interpolating each grid, and comparing the size relation between the water level at the grid interpolation position and the elevation thereof to obtain a submerging range;
s3, analyzing the submerging range to obtain grid data of a submerged area, analyzing the submerging range by a static water surface method, storing grid points passed by a water level control line and interpolated water level control lines and expressed water level information, and storing in a unit partition mode by using a drainage basin in the current water level control line;
and S4, visualizing the submerging range, carrying out model construction on the obtained raster data, selecting corresponding colors according to different water level information to display, finally superposing the colors into the GIS to finally display the submerging range, and dynamically displaying the submerging range by changing the water level or flow of flood.
Preferably, in the step of constructing the BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion model,
the BIM model of the hydro-junction engineering is built by utilizing Bentley Microstation software, parameters of various hydraulic engineering in a drainage basin are obtained in advance, and the parameters are used as input of the Bentley Microstation software for building;
the DEM digital terrain model is constructed by obtaining a three-dimensional terrain model through a GIS technology in advance, extracting parameters of contour lines, elevation points and river bank characteristic lines represented by data to serve as input of Bentley Geopaksite software, generating an irregular triangular grid tin file through the Bentley Geopaksite software, and outputting the irregular triangular grid tin file to obtain the DEM digital terrain model.
Preferably, the water level control lines are perpendicular to the center line of the flow channel, and interpolation is carried out on grid points positioned between any adjacent water level control lines as a reference, and the magnitude relation between the water level at the grid interpolation position and the elevation thereof is compared: if the water level is greater than the elevation of the terrain, the grid belongs to the submerging range, and the water level or the water depth is recorded; if the water level is less than the elevation of the terrain, the water level does not belong to the submerging range.
Preferably, the interpolation is linear interpolation.
Preferably, the distance between the water level control lines is set according to geographical features, the hydro-junction project is set as a reference water level control line, and the water level is set as a breakpoint at the reference water level control line and comprises two water level values.
Preferably, the grid points which are not in the submerging range and have the water level smaller than the terrain elevation are set to be invalid values, the grid points which are set to be the invalid values reduce the subsequent calculation intensity, and any invalid values with continuous relations in the invalid values are deleted, namely the continuous grid points are deleted, so that the rate of removing the non-submerged grids is increased, and discrete effective grid data in the submerged area are prevented from being deleted.
Preferably, the static surface method is divided into two categories, passive flooding and active flooding: the passive flooding is to regard the elevation value in the DEM data of the flooding analysis area lower than the set water level as a flooding point; the active flooding is to regard a grid, which is in communication with a specified position and has an elevation value lower than a set water level, of DEM data of a flooding analysis area as a flooding point.
Preferably, in the step of visualizing the inundation range, the following steps are included:
s41, processing the raster data to obtain a color picture under the combined working condition of the characterization water level and the flow, processing the raster data to obtain a png-format picture by adopting a model builder tool in an ArcGIIS10.5 platform, and performing color unified characterization on the picture display under the working conditions of different water levels and flows;
s42, mapping data, converting the grid data of the inundation range into color pictures, and then overlaying the color pictures into a GIS (geographic information System), thereby finally obtaining the display effect of the color representation inundation range;
and S43, dynamically displaying, namely changing the water level of the reference water level control line on the whole section of the flow channel or different selected flow sections, and/or changing the flow rate on the whole section or different selected flow sections so as to dynamically display the water level change or the change condition of the submerged range in the drainage basin after the water supply of the hydro-junction project is switched off.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention integrates the BIM and the GIS, intuitively and accurately reflects the flood submerging range, provides powerful support for flood prevention decision of hydraulic engineering, and achieves the purposes of reducing loss and protecting life and property safety of people.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a flow chart of a dynamic display method;
FIG. 2: and (4) visualizing the flooding scope by using a flow diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to fig. 1-2.
A flood submergence range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS is disclosed, a visual three-dimensional model of flood submergence ranges under different water levels is obtained based on BIM and GIS technology fusion, and the method comprises the following steps with reference to the attached figure 1:
s1, building BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion models, respectively building BIM models of all hydro-junction projects in a drainage basin and three-dimensional terrain models of the drainage basin, rasterizing finite elements of the three-dimensional terrain models to obtain DEM digital terrain models, and fusing the BIM models of the hydro-junction projects and the DEM digital terrain models to obtain BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion models;
s2, processing submerging range data, dividing a flow channel by arranging a datum water level control line with preset interval length on the flow channel on DEM data of an area where the hydro-junction project is located, interpolating each grid, and comparing the size relation between the water level at the grid interpolation position and the elevation thereof to obtain a submerging range;
s3, analyzing the submerging range to obtain grid data of a submerged area, analyzing the submerging range by a static water surface method, storing grid points passed by a water level control line and interpolated water level control lines and expressed water level information, and storing in a unit partition mode by using a drainage basin in the current water level control line;
and S4, visualizing the submerging range, carrying out model construction on the obtained raster data, selecting corresponding colors according to different water level information to display, finally superposing the colors into the GIS to finally display the submerging range, and dynamically displaying the submerging range by changing the water level or flow of flood.
In the step of constructing the BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion model, the BIM model of the hydro-junction engineering is constructed by using Bentley Microstation software, parameters of various hydraulic engineering in a drainage basin are obtained in advance, and the parameters are constructed as the input of the Bentley Microstation software; the DEM digital terrain model is constructed by obtaining a three-dimensional terrain model through a GIS technology in advance, extracting parameters of contour lines, elevation points and river bank characteristic lines represented by data to serve as input of Bentley Geopaksite software, generating an irregular triangular grid tin file through the Bentley Geopaksite software, and outputting the irregular triangular grid tin file to obtain the DEM digital terrain model.
For the data processing of the submerging range, the invention arranges a water level control line on the flow channel for division, the water level control line is vertical to the central line of the flow channel, and the interpolation is carried out at the grid point between the adjacent water level control lines as the reference, the interpolation of the embodiment adopts a linear interpolation method, and the size relation between the water level at the grid interpolation position and the elevation thereof is compared: if the water level is greater than the elevation of the terrain, the grid belongs to the submerging range, and the water level or the water depth is recorded; if the water level is less than the elevation of the terrain, the water level does not belong to the submerging range. The water level control lines and the water level control lines interpolated between the water level control lines extend to two sides of the flow channel to obtain a boundary line of a subarea, wherein the water level on the boundary line is equal to the terrain elevation, namely the current water level can submerge the farthest distance between two banks of the flow channel, and the boundary line of the subarea and the water level control lines enclose a submerging range.
The interval of the water level control lines is set according to geographical features, the interval is set to be smaller in a watershed with large terrain difference such as a mountainous area, and the interval is larger in an area with small terrain difference such as a plain area.
In the step of obtaining the grid data of the submerged area through the analysis of the submerging range, in order to improve the simulation calculation rate, the grid which is not in the submerging range and has the water level smaller than the terrain elevation is changed into an invalid value, so that the number of the grids which subsequently participate in the calculation is greatly reduced.
In the analysis of the submerging range, the submerging range is analyzed by adopting a static water surface method, and the static water surface method is divided into passive submerging and active submerging: the passive flooding is to regard the elevation value in the DEM data of the flooding analysis area lower than the set water level as a flooding point; the active flooding is to regard a grid, which has an elevation value lower than a set water level and is communicated with a specified position, in the DEM data of the flooding analysis area as a flooding point.
In the step of visualizing the inundation range, referring to fig. 2, the following steps are included:
s41, processing raster data to obtain color pictures under the combined working conditions of characteristic water level and flow rate, wherein the method adopts a 'model builder' tool in an ArcGIS10.5 platform to process the raster data to obtain a png-format picture, so that the severity of flood inundation can be displayed more intuitively, and the picture display under the working conditions of different water levels and flow rates is subjected to color unified characterization;
s42, mapping data, converting the grid data of the inundation range into color pictures, and then overlaying the color pictures into a GIS (geographic information System), so as to finally obtain the display effect of the color representation inundation range;
and S43, dynamically displaying, namely changing the water level of the reference water level control line on the whole section of the flow channel or different selected flow sections, and/or changing the flow rate on the whole section or different selected flow sections so as to dynamically display the water level change or the change condition of the submerged range in the drainage basin after the water supply of the hydro-junction project is switched off.
The invention integrates BIM and GIS, visually and accurately reflects the flood submerging range, provides powerful support for flood prevention decision of hydraulic engineering, and achieves the purposes of reducing loss and protecting life and property safety of people.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A flood inundation range dynamic display method based on BIM and GIS is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion models, respectively building BIM models of all hydro-junction projects in a drainage basin and three-dimensional terrain models of the drainage basin, rasterizing finite elements of the three-dimensional terrain models to obtain DEM digital terrain models, and fusing the BIM models of the hydro-junction projects and the DEM digital terrain models to obtain BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion models;
s2, processing submerging range data, dividing a flow channel by arranging a datum water level control line with preset interval length on the flow channel on DEM data of an area where a hydro-junction project is located, interpolating each grid, comparing the size relation between the water level at the grid interpolation position and the elevation of the grid to obtain a submerging range, setting grid points, which are smaller than the terrain elevation and do not belong to the submerging range, as invalid values, and deleting any invalid values with continuous relations from the invalid values;
s3, analyzing the submerging range to obtain grid data of a submerged area, analyzing the submerging range by a static water surface method, storing grid points passed by a water level control line and interpolated water level control lines and expressed water level information, and storing in a unit partition mode by using a drainage basin in the current water level control line;
s4, visualizing the submerging range, carrying out model construction on the obtained raster data, selecting corresponding color display according to different water level information, finally superposing the color display into a GIS, finally displaying the submerging range, and dynamically displaying the submerging range by changing the water level or flow of flood;
in the step of constructing the BIM and GIS three-dimensional fusion model,
the BIM model of the hydro-junction engineering is built by utilizing Bentley Microstation software, parameters of various hydraulic engineering in a drainage basin are obtained in advance, and the parameters are used as input of the Bentley Microstation software for building;
the method comprises the steps of constructing a DEM digital terrain model, obtaining a three-dimensional terrain model through a GIS technology in advance, simultaneously extracting parameters of contour lines, elevation points and river bank characteristic lines represented by data to serve as input of Bentley Geopaksite software, generating an irregular triangular grid tin file by the Bentley Geopaksite software, and outputting to obtain the DEM digital terrain model;
the water level control lines are vertical to the central line of the flow channel, any adjacent water level control line is used as a reference, interpolation is carried out on grid points positioned between the water level control lines, and the size relation between the water level at the grid interpolation position and the elevation thereof is compared: if the water level is greater than the elevation of the terrain, the grid belongs to the submerging range, and the water level or the water depth is recorded; if the water level is less than the terrain elevation, the water level does not belong to the submerging range; the water level control lines and the water level control lines interpolated between the water level control lines extend to two sides of the flow channel to obtain a partition boundary line, wherein the water level on the boundary line is equal to the terrain elevation, namely the current water level can submerge the farthest distance between two banks of the flow channel, and the partition boundary line and the water level control line enclose a submerging range;
the interpolation adopts a linear interpolation method;
the interval of the water level control lines is set according to geographical features, the interval of a basin with large terrain difference is set to be smaller, the interval of a region with small terrain difference is larger, the arrangement of the hydro-junction project changes the continuity of the water potential difference of the flow channel, the hydro-junction project is set as a reference water level control line, and the water level is set as a breakpoint at the reference water level control line and comprises two water level values;
the static water surface method is divided into passive flooding and active flooding: the passive flooding is to regard the elevation value in the DEM data of the flooding analysis area lower than the set water level as a flooding point; the active flooding is to regard a grid, which is in communication with a specified position and has an elevation value lower than a set water level, of DEM data of a flooding analysis area as a flooding point;
in the step of visualizing the inundation range, the method comprises the following steps:
s41, processing the raster data to obtain a color picture under the combined working condition of the characterization water level and the flow, processing the raster data to obtain a png-format picture by adopting a model builder tool in an ArcGIIS10.5 platform, and performing color unified characterization on the picture display under the working conditions of different water levels and flows;
s42, mapping data, converting the grid data of the inundation range into color pictures, and then overlaying the color pictures into a GIS (geographic information System), thereby finally obtaining the display effect of the color representation inundation range;
s43, dynamically displaying, namely changing the water level of a reference water level control line on the whole section of the flow channel or different selected flow sections and/or changing the flow rate on the whole section or different selected flow sections so as to dynamically display the change of the water level or the change of the submerged range in the drainage basin after the water is drained after the water is opened in a certain hydraulic junction project;
in the step of obtaining the grid data of the submerged area through the analysis of the submerging range, in order to improve the simulation calculation rate, grids which are not in the submerging range and have the water level smaller than the terrain elevation are changed into invalid values, so that the number of the grids which subsequently participate in calculation is greatly reduced, and the deleted grid points are continuous string values, so that the rate of removing the grids which are not submerged is improved, and the deletion of the effective grid data in the submerged area in a discrete state is avoided.
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