CN108614915B - Hydrological model free construction strategy method based on scene driving - Google Patents
Hydrological model free construction strategy method based on scene driving Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrological model free construction strategy method based on scene driving, which comprises the following steps: 1) forming layer data, a topological structure and rainfall evaporation data of a target watershed; 2) determining a runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model of a target drainage basin; 3) extracting flood; 4) parameter calibration; 5) verifying; 6) and sequentially carrying out runoff yield calculation, slope convergence calculation and river convergence calculation until the calculation is carried out to a target section, and obtaining a target basin flow process. The invention solves the problem of the singleness of the production convergence model on each computing unit in the traditional model modeling mode, integrates the geospatial data processing software, the model software and the model parameter calibration tool which are required by the hydrological model building, and freely collocates and combines the production convergence models for each computing unit, so that a user can select the production convergence models according to the actual needs of simulation, thereby improving the modeling efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy information, in particular to a hydrological model free construction strategy and method based on scene driving.
Background
The watershed hydrological model is a product combining hydrology science and computer science, and is a research field with vigorous vitality in hydrology science with information revolution. Over half a century, a large number of hydrological models describing the watershed water circulation process appear, at least 70 watershed hydrological models which have certain use value all over the world at present are more and more widely applied, and the role of the watershed hydrological models in hydrological forecasting and analysis simulation is more and more important. In flood control and disaster reduction, a basin hydrological model is the core of real-time flood forecasting and is a key technology for improving the flood forecasting precision and prolonging the forecasting period. In the sustainable utilization of water resources, the basin hydrological model is the technical theoretical basis for water resource evaluation, development, utilization and management. In water environment protection and water ecosystem restoration, a watershed hydrological model is a key drive for constructing a non-point source pollution model and an ecological evaluation model. In addition, the watershed hydrological model is an important tool for analyzing and researching the influence of climate change and human activities on flood, soil erosion, water resource and water environment.
The watershed hydrological model is the most important research and application field of modern hydrology, and through years of evolution and development, combined with continuous innovation of a space geographic information technology and a computer technology, the watershed hydrological model is gradually developed from an empirical model and a conceptual lumped model to a distributed hydrological model based on a physical basis. The development of the empirical model mainly focuses on the late 19 th century to the 50 th century, and representative models comprise rainfall runoff related map models, corresponding water level (or flow) models, unit line models and the like; since the 50 s of the 20 th century, the conceptual lumped model developed rapidly, the stanford model in the united states (1966), the sakraftmoto model (1971), the japan TANK model (1951), and the new anjiang model proposed by the huadong academy of water conservancy (now the university of river and sea) (1973, published 1980); in the 90 s of the 20 th century, the rapid development of computer technology, GIS, remote sensing technology and radar technology provides a technical basis for the development and application of distributed hydrological models in watersheds.
However, the existing watershed hydrological model construction and calculation methods have the following limitations:
1) when a production convergence model is selected, the existing hydrological model often exists in a single mode, and the hydrological calculation requirements under different climates and underlying surface conditions cannot be met simultaneously;
2) in the process of model building, because the process relates to data transmission and processing among a plurality of software (such as ArcGIS, Excel and the like) and between the software and the model, when the model building is carried out in a brand-new basin, the model building is often limited by external tool factors, and the universality of the model and the correctness of the data cannot be effectively guaranteed;
3) in the process of model building, the production convergence models on each computing unit in the same basin can only be set uniformly, and users can hardly freely match and combine the production convergence models for each computing unit according to the actual needs of simulation;
4) the number of steps in the middle of the model building process is large, the steps of different models are different, a mature and complete intelligent guiding technical scheme is lacked, and the rationality and the accuracy of model building are easily influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a contextual-driven hydrological model free construction strategy method which is strong in universality and capable of flexibly configuring production convergence models on various computing units, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The invention provides a hydrological model free construction strategy method based on scene driving, which comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting basic data required by a target basin in a hydrological simulation process, and preprocessing according to hydrological characteristics, topographic characteristics, topological structures and soil characteristics to form layer data, topological structures and hydrological meteorological (flow, water level, rainfall, evaporation and the like) data of the target basin;
2) determining a runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model of a target watershed, wherein the runoff generating model can select a watershed conceptual lumped hydrological model or a watershed distributed hydrological model;
3) selecting a representative flood process according to the hydrological meteorological data of the target basin to form flood extract calibration data and flood extract verification data;
4) inputting layer data, a topological structure and flood excerption calibration data of a target drainage basin into a runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model for parameter calibration;
5) verifying the runoff yield model, the slope convergence model and the river convergence model which are subjected to parameter calibration by using flood extract verification data, and if the verification is passed, entering the step 6), and if the verification is not passed, returning to the step 2);
6) inputting the upstream boundary flow, rainfall data, evaporation data and river section data of the target drainage basin into a verified runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model, and sequentially performing runoff generating calculation, slope converging calculation and river converging calculation until the target drainage basin flow is calculated to the target section to obtain a target drainage basin flow process.
Preferably, the watershed conceptual lumped hydrological model in the step 2) comprises a Xinanjiang model and an NAM model suitable for the humid and semi-humid area, a water tank model suitable for the arid area and an API model suitable for all watersheds; the distributed hydrological model of the watershed comprises a distributed Xinanjiang model, a distributed water tank model and a distributed NAM model, and the models under different underlying surface conditions are established according to regional characteristics.
Preferably, the target watershed is divided into a plurality of sub-watersheds in step 1), and a runoff generating model, a slope convergence model and a river convergence model are respectively determined for each sub-watershed in step 2). And configuring the production and convergence models on the sub-basin computing units in a free collocation manner, and configuring the river convergence models on the simulated river at the same time so as to realize free combination of the production and convergence models of the sub-basin computing units.
Preferably, the process of calculating the target basin flow rate in step 6) is sequentially calculated according to an upstream-to-downstream principle based on the topological relation of each sub-basin.
Preferably, the layer data in step 1) includes: river, sub-basin, rainfall station, hydrological station, weight.
Preferably, the slope surface confluence model includes: a unit line model and a time-lag calculation model. The river course model of converging includes: one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, masjing root model. The time delay model provided by the slope convergence model is a generalized hydrological model, has fewer parameters and is suitable for any basin. The unit line model belongs to an empirical model and has a good application effect in a watershed with rich data. The river course confluence model provides an Masjing root model and a one-dimensional hydrodynamics model, and the Masjing root model is a simplified one-dimensional hydrodynamics model and can complete calculation only by inputting an upper boundary condition; the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model needs complete section data, boundary conditions and initial conditions to complete calculation, so that model selection can be completed according to the perfection condition of the data.
Preferably, the flood extraction in the step 3) refers to a flood process of intercepting the target watershed and controlling different fields of the hydrological station.
Preferably, the parameter rating in step 4) includes two modes of automatic rating and manual rating, wherein the automatic rating adopts an SCE-UA algorithm, and supports two modes of a single optimization target and a combined optimization target by taking peak flow, peak current time and flood amount as optimization targets, and allows setting of the weight of the optimization targets, and in the optimization process, parameter rating is performed by taking each hydrological station or reservoir pair of imported sub-watersheds as a calculation unit; manual rating refers to modifying parameters manually.
Preferably, the verification in the step 5) refers to sensitivity analysis and error analysis of the runoff yield model, the slope confluence model and the river confluence model which are subjected to parameter calibration by using flood extract verification data.
Aiming at various problems in the traditional hydrological model construction, the invention provides a technical scheme which has strong universality and can flexibly match a production convergence model, and the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the problem of the unity of the production convergence models on each computing unit in the traditional model modeling mode is solved: the hydrological model has certain limitations due to different internal mechanisms. For example: the new anjiang model is only suitable for wet or semi-wet areas. In practical applications, however, a variety of model options are provided as the underlying conditions are complex. In the traditional model modeling process, because the model often exists in a single mode, the calculation requirements under various underlying surface conditions cannot be met simultaneously, and the adaptability comparison and selection of model building are influenced.
2) The method integrates a software module based on spatial information map data, model software and a model parameter calibration tool which are required by general hydrological model construction, so that the whole model construction can be completed on the basis of the same data and environment. The method avoids the possibility of human errors caused by peripheral work such as data sorting, input, processing, output and the like among software, and improves the modeling efficiency.
3) The invention realizes the flexible configuration of the production flow and confluence models: in the traditional modeling process, the production flow and confluence models on each computing unit can only be uniformly set based on a certain model, and a user can freely match and combine the production flow and confluence models for each computing unit according to the actual requirements of simulation by using the method, and particularly for the computing unit with a larger area, when the rainfall space-time distribution and the underlying surface hydrogeological conditions have larger difference, the method can reflect the production confluence rule of each area and improve the accuracy of model calculation.
4) The invention provides a set of complete and universal intelligent guiding technical scheme, which can guide a user to build a model and has the main functions of: data import, model building, flood extraction, model calibration and model application. The problem that the universality of a building tool is not enough in a traditional single model is effectively solved through the functions, errors caused by human factors in the model building process are effectively reduced, and the model building accuracy and the universality are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for freely building a strategy based on a context-driven hydrological model according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the hanjiang river basin in the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows the results of parameter calibration of the Xinanjiang model in the Bai river sub-basin of Han river basin.
FIG. 4 is a comparative chart of the flow process verification of the outlet section of the white river sub-basin in Hanjiang basin
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention relates to a hydrological model free construction strategy method based on scene driving, which comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and arranging basic data required by the target drainage basin in the hydrological simulation process, and preprocessing according to hydrological characteristics, topographic characteristics, topological structures and soil characteristics to form layer data, topological structures and hydrological meteorological data (including data such as flow, water level, section, rainfall, evaporation and the like) of the target drainage basin. The layer data comprises: river, sub-basin, rainfall station, hydrological station, weight. After the introduction is finished, the system automatically screens the rainfall stations and the evaporation stations in the watershed water collection range, and the weight of the rainfall stations and the evaporation stations in each sub-watershed unit is calculated by using a Thiessen polygon method; meanwhile, the system automatically analyzes the topological structure of the drainage basin and the related attributes of the sub-drainage basins, and caches the analyzed and calculated results in the system.
2) And determining a runoff producing model, a slope converging model and a river converging model of the target watershed. Determining a calculation interval in a map, configuring a production convergence model (multiple production convergence models can be selected) on a sub-basin calculation unit in a free collocation manner, and configuring a river channel convergence model (multiple river channel convergence models can be selected) on a simulated river channel at the same time, so as to realize the free combination of the production convergence models of the sub-basin calculation unit.
Due to the difference of internal mechanisms, different hydrological models have different application conditions, and therefore, providing multiple types of models is important for building a model (group) suitable for a target area. The invention establishes a production convergence model library suitable for different underlying surface conditions, and the production flow model comprises a basin lumped hydrological model or a basin distributed hydrological model. The basin lumped hydrological model comprises a Xinanjiang model and an NAM model which are suitable for the humid and semi-humid areas, a water tank model which is suitable for the arid areas and an API model which is suitable for all basins; the distributed hydrological model of the drainage basin comprises a distributed Xinanjiang model, a distributed water tank model and a distributed NAM model. The slope model of converging includes: a unit line model and a time-lag calculation model. The river course model of converging includes: one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, masjing root model. And a production convergence model library is established on the basis, so that the accuracy of model building is effectively improved.
3) And selecting a flood process according to the flow, rainfall and evaporation data of the target watershed, and carrying out flood extraction to form flood extraction calibration data and flood extraction verification data. The flood extraction refers to the flood process of intercepting a simulation object and controlling different fields of a hydrological station (or a reservoir) and is used for automatic optimization and manual calibration of model parameters.
4) And inputting the layer data, the topological structure and the flood excerption calibration data of the target drainage basin into the runoff generating model, the slope converging model and the river converging model for parameter calibration.
5) And (3) verifying the flood extract verification data of the runoff yield model, the slope convergence model and the river convergence model which are subjected to parameter calibration, and if the verification is passed, entering the step 6), and if the verification is not passed, returning to the step 2). The parameter calibration aims at determining a set of model parameters within the range of the requirement of the target basin simulation precision, and mainly comprises the following steps: and (4) parameter calibration and parameter verification. Wherein the parameter calibration comprises: automatic rating and manual rating. The automatic calibration adopts an SCE-UA algorithm, takes flood peak flow, peak current time and flood volume as optimization targets, supports two modes of a single optimization target and a combined optimization target, and allows the weight of the optimization target to be set. In the optimization process, parameter calibration is carried out by taking each hydrologic station or reservoir pair imported sub-basin as a calculation unit. The manual calibration means that parameters are modified manually, a trial-and-error method is applied to approach a higher-precision simulation result step by step, and a set of more reasonable parameters is determined. The model parameter verification aims at determining the accuracy and the applicability of parameters, and the main process is as follows: the model is calculated by using the parameters obtained by calibration, and compared with the flood in the field, the accuracy of the parameters is evaluated.
6) Inputting the upstream boundary flow, rainfall data, evaporation data and river section data of the target drainage basin into a verified runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model, and sequentially performing runoff generating calculation, slope converging calculation and river converging calculation until the target drainage basin flow is calculated to the target section to obtain a target drainage basin flow process.
The specific embodiment takes the Hanjiang river basin as an example for explanation; the Hanjiang originates from Pantsu mountain in Ningqiang county of Hanzhong city in Shaanxi province, flows from west to east through Hanzhong city and Ankang city in Shaanxi province, flows into a Hubei Shiwein county of white river in Ankang city, merges with the largest branch Danjiang river in Hanjiang river in Hubei province into a Danjiang river outlet reservoir, the Danjiang outlet reservoir is folded to south east through the Yanfan city in Hubei province, and merges into Yangtze river in Wuhan city in Hubei province, the total length is 1577km, and the area of a drainage basin is 15.9 km and ten thousand 2.
The hydrological simulation is carried out by adopting the hydrological model free construction strategy method based on the scene driving, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) processing the river basin data; the model processes data of rainfall process of each rainfall station and actual measurement flow process of the hydrological station based on digital elevation data of Hanjiang river basin and hydrological data in 1992-2010; meanwhile, space information map software is used for preprocessing digital elevation data to establish a topological relation between a river network and a sub-drainage basin, and relevant parameters are extracted through drainage basin geographic information.
2) Building a model type; because the hydrological models in the system are more in types, the embodiment only selects the conceptual lumped hydrological model for detailed description. The conceptual lumped hydrological model is built into 4 models: a Xinanjiang model, a water tank model, an API model and an NAM model. As shown in fig. 2, each sub-basin of hanjiang river basin has a hydrological model applied thereto, which is:
white river sub-basin-new anjiang model;
a lawn sub-basin-tank model;
a sub-basin-to-dam-API model;
a Changsha dam basin-Xinanjiang model;
sweet osmanthus garden watershed-water tank model;
nankupfeng subdomain-NAM model;
mud bay basin-NAM model.
A) Importing basic data; and according to the selected model, importing basic data required by the corresponding calculation model, caching the basic data to the system, and storing the basic data to a database. Importing data mainly comprises: data of a map layer of a Hanjiang river basin, a topology structure of the basin, and rainfall evaporation data in 1992-2010. After the introduction is finished, automatically screening rainfall stations and evaporation stations in a catchment range by the system, and calculating the weight of the rainfall stations and the evaporation stations in each sub-basin unit by using a Thiessen polygon method; meanwhile, the system automatically analyzes the topological structure of the drainage basin and the related attributes of the sub-drainage basins, and caches the analyzed and calculated results in the system.
B) Determining a model scheme; configuring a production convergence model on a sub-basin computing unit in a free collocation manner, and configuring a river convergence model on a simulated river at the same time; the specific combination is as follows:
white river sub-basin: a slope convergence model-a time-lag calculation model, a river convergence model-a masjing root model;
lawn sub-watershed: a slope convergence model-a time-lag calculation model, a river convergence model-a masjing root model;
and (3) flowing to a dam basin: a slope convergence model-a time-lag calculation model, a river convergence model-a masjing root model;
the long sand dam basin: a slope convergence model-a time-lag calculation model, a river convergence model-a masjing root model;
sweet osmanthus garden watershed: a slope convergence model-a time-lag calculation model, a river convergence model-a masjing root model;
south widelan child watershed: a slope convergence model-a time-lag calculation model, a river convergence model-a masjing root model;
mud bay basin: a slope convergence model-a time-lag calculation model, a river convergence model-a masjing root model;
C) extracting flood; and intercepting 8 flood processes for controlling 20 fields of the hydrological station in different times, wherein 12 fields are used as flood extract calibration data for calibrating model parameters, and 8 fields are used as flood extract verification data for verifying the model.
D) Calibrating parameters; selecting simulated start-stop time, carrying out parameter calibration by taking the sub-watershed as a calculation unit, substituting parameters obtained by calibration into a model, comparing the model with 12-time flood, and evaluating the accuracy of the parameters, wherein the parameter calibration result is shown by taking the sub-watershed of the white river as an example, and the specific values of the parameters are shown in FIG. 3;
E) verifying the model; after parameter calibration is completed, model verification is carried out on 8 times of floods, a verification result process line comparison graph is shown in fig. 4, the result shows that the fitting degree of the 8 times of floods used for verification and actual measurement results is high, the certainty coefficient grades are all first and the like, and the peak time qualification rate is 90%. According to the hydrologic information forecast specification, the accuracy meets the requirement, and the method can be used for publishing forecast.
3) Calculating a model; and selecting the starting time and the ending time of calculation, inputting boundary flow and rainfall data, and performing statistical analysis on the calculation result after model calculation.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hydrological model free construction strategy method based on scene driving is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting basic data required by a target basin in a hydrological simulation process, and preprocessing according to hydrological features, topographic features, topological structures and soil features to form layer data, topological structures and hydrological meteorological data of the target basin;
2) determining a runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model of a target watershed, wherein the runoff generating model selects a watershed conceptual lumped hydrological model or a watershed distributed hydrological model; the watershed conceptual lumped hydrological model comprises a Xinanjiang model and an NAM model which are suitable for humid and semi-humid areas, a water tank model which is suitable for arid areas and an API model which is suitable for all watersheds; the distributed hydrological model of the drainage basin comprises a distributed Xinanjiang model, a distributed water tank model and a distributed NAM model;
3) selecting a flood process according to the hydrological meteorological data of the target basin to form flood extract calibration data and flood extract verification data;
4) inputting layer data, a topological structure and flood excerption calibration data of a target drainage basin into a runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model for parameter calibration;
5) verifying the runoff yield model, the slope convergence model and the river convergence model which are subjected to parameter calibration by using flood extract verification data, and if the verification is passed, entering the step 6), and if the verification is not passed, returning to the step 2);
6) inputting the upstream boundary flow, rainfall data, evaporation data and river section data of the target drainage basin into a verified runoff generating model, a slope converging model and a river converging model, and sequentially performing runoff generating calculation, slope converging calculation and river converging calculation until the target drainage basin flow is calculated to the target section to obtain a target drainage basin flow process.
2. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the target watershed is divided into a plurality of sub watersheds, and in the step 2), a runoff generating model, a slope convergence model and a river convergence model are respectively determined for each sub watershed.
3. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 6), the target basin flow is calculated in sequence according to the principle from upstream to downstream based on the topological relation of each sub basin in the process of calculating the target basin flow.
4. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 1, wherein: the layer data in the step 1) includes: river, sub-basin, rainfall station, hydrological station, weight.
5. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 1, wherein: the slope model of converging includes: a unit line model and a time-lag calculation model.
6. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 1, wherein: the river course model of converging includes: one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, masjing root model.
7. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 1, wherein: the flood extraction in the step 3) refers to a flood process of intercepting a target watershed and controlling different fields of the hydrological station.
8. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 1, wherein: the parameter rating in the step 4) comprises two modes of automatic rating and manual rating, wherein the automatic rating adopts an SCEUA algorithm, the peak flow, peak current time and flood volume are taken as optimization targets, two modes of a single optimization target and a combined optimization target are supported, the weight of the optimization target is allowed to be set, and parameter rating is carried out by taking each hydrological station or reservoir pair of afflux sub-watershed as a calculation unit in the optimization process; manual rating refers to modifying parameters by human.
9. The context-driven hydrological model free-form construction strategy method according to claim 1, wherein: the verification in the step 5) refers to sensitivity analysis and error analysis of the runoff yield model, the slope convergence model and the river convergence model which are subjected to parameter calibration by using flood extract verification data.
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