CN113391039A - Simulation system and simulation method for fish adaptability flow velocity test - Google Patents
Simulation system and simulation method for fish adaptability flow velocity test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fish adaptability flow velocity test simulation system and a simulation method, wherein the system is characterized in that the water inlet side in a test water tank is divided into a plurality of channels by partition plates, each channel is connected with a branch water inlet pipe, the upstream ends of all the branch water inlet pipes are connected to a main water inlet pipe in a gathering manner, the main water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump, each branch water inlet pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flow meter, an upstream steady flow grating and a downstream steady flow grating are arranged in the test water tank in the direction of intercepting water flow, and each channel is divided into a buffer channel and a test channel by the upstream steady flow grating. The method comprises the steps of setting the flow rate of a test channel, putting a plurality of fishes, and recording the number of the fishes in each test channel after the fishes dispersedly swim to each test channel; the bait is led out of the test channels, and the number of the fishes in each test channel is recorded again after the fishes swim to each test channel dispersedly; the adaptive flow rate of the fish is obtained after a plurality of times. The invention tests and obtains the adaptability flow rate of different types of fish with the age of months.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation system and a simulation method for a fish adaptability flow velocity test, belonging to the technical field of fish habit tests.
Background
Fish is an important indicator species of water ecology and an important sign of ecological environment change. Along with the implementation and construction of a large amount of hydraulic engineering, the passages for fish migration, spawning and hatching are cut off. With the awareness of protecting fishes, the fish passing channel gradually enters a few large-scale hydraulic engineering, such as a changjiang gorges fishway. Although the current fishway plays a certain role in fish protection, the role is very limited. In actual fishway fish-passing monitoring, only a small part of fishes pass through the fishway, mainly because the fishway has a fixed flow and the protective species of the fishes are very limited.
At present, the relation between fish migration and water velocity is less researched in the industry, and the blank area of knowledge is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fish adaptability flow velocity test simulation system and a simulation method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a fish adaptability flow velocity test simulation system comprises a test water tank and a water storage tank, wherein one end of the test water tank is a water inlet end, the other end of the test water tank is a water outlet end, the water outlet end is communicated with the water storage tank through a water outlet pipe, a plurality of partition plates parallel to water flow are vertically arranged in the test water tank, the bottoms of the partition plates are fixed with the bottom of the test water tank, the upstream ends of the partition plates are fixed with the upstream end part of the test water tank, the water inlet side in the test water tank is divided into a plurality of channels by the partition plates, each channel is connected with a branch water inlet pipe, the upstream ends of all the branch water inlet pipes are connected to a main water inlet pipe in a gathering manner, the main water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump, the water inlet end of the main water inlet pipe is inserted into the liquid level of the water storage tank, and each branch water inlet pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flow meter,
an upstream flow stabilizing grid and a downstream flow stabilizing grid are arranged in the test water tank in the direction of intercepting water flow, the upstream flow stabilizing grid is positioned in each channel, and each channel is divided into a buffer channel and a test channel.
Furthermore, the bottoms of the upstream flow stabilizing grid and the downstream flow stabilizing grid are fixed with the bottom of the test water tank, and the heights of the upstream flow stabilizing grid and the downstream flow stabilizing grid are consistent with the height of the test water tank.
Furthermore, each test channel is provided with a flow meter.
Furthermore, the position that the water outlet end of experimental water tank is close to the top is provided with the apopore, the outlet pipe is connected with the apopore, the lower extreme of outlet pipe hangs on the liquid level of storage water tank, and the lower extreme setting of outlet pipe is the loudspeaker shape towards flaring all around.
Furthermore, a diversion cone is arranged at the bottom in the water storage tank, the top of the diversion cone is pointed and gradually expands from the top to the bottom, and the bottom of the diversion cone is fixed at the bottom of the water storage tank.
Furthermore, a ruler is carved or stuck on the side wall of the test water tank, and the reading of the ruler is increased from bottom to top.
Furthermore, the test water tank, the partition plate and the flow stabilizing grating are transparent.
The simulation method for the adaptive flow velocity test of the fishes comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling the system: assembling the fish adaptability flow velocity test simulation system;
step 2: system presetting: starting a water pump, opening control valves on the branch water inlet pipes, wherein the opening degrees of the control valves are different, so that the water flow speed in each test channel in the test water tank is sequentially increased, and the water flow speed gradient in the adjacent test channels is increased by reading the flow rate meters in each test channel and matching with and adjusting the control valves on the corresponding branch water inlet pipes;
and step 3: and recording the number: numbering each test channel, and recording the water flow speed of the test channel corresponding to each number;
and 4, step 4: putting the fish into a pool: placing a plurality of fishes at the downstream of the test channel in the test water tank;
and 5: recording data: after the fishes dispersedly swim to each test channel, recording the number of the fishes in the test channel corresponding to each number;
step 6: throwing bait in a test water tank at the downstream of the test channels, enabling the fishes to swim to the downstream for eating, after the fishes finish eating, distributing the bait to each test channel again, and recording the number of the fishes in the test channels corresponding to each number again;
and 7: repeating the step 6, sorting data, making a curve graph, fitting the curve graph, and obtaining the water flow speed with the most fish aggregation, namely the adaptive water flow speed of the fish;
and 8: replacing the same kind of fish with different ages of months, and repeating the steps 4-7;
and step 9: replacing different types of fish, and repeating the step 4-7;
step 10: and repeating the step 8.
Further, when the bait lures the fish to swim to a downstream area in the step 6, the water pump is closed, the water level in the test water tank is kept unchanged, and the water flow speed is not high;
and after all the fishes swim out of the testing channel or in the feeding process, the water pump is turned on and the opening degree is adjusted to be the same as that before the fishes are turned off.
Further, setting a number for each fish, recording the number into a waterproof chip, attaching the waterproof chip to the surface of the fish, and when the fish of the same type and different ages in months are tested at the same time, wherein the number comprises two digits, one digit represents the age of the month, and the other digit represents the number in the same age of the month; when different species of fish are tested simultaneously, the numbers include three digits, one number representing the species of fish, one number representing the age of the month, another number representing the second in the same age of the month,
a chip code reader is arranged at the bottom or above each testing channel, and when a fish swims to the testing channels, the chip code reader can read the chip number of the fish; every chip code reader numbers in order, and all chip code readers all are connected with the display, and the fish number in the test area that each code reader corresponds is shown to the display.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has important significance for researching the habitual domestic water flow rate of different types and ages of fishes, the ecological balance of water can be considered in large-scale dam projects (such as the three gorges dam), the multiplication of aquatic organisms (mainly fishes) and living habits (mainly seasonal migration, downstream flow and the like) are not damaged, a fishway is usually built on a dam body and is specially used for passing fishes, but the current fishway application and design basically does not consider the adaptive water flow rate of the fishes, so that few fishes can migrate or flow downstream by means of the fishway. The patent obtains the habitual water flow of various fishes of each month age through experimental tests, and can provide great guiding significance for fishway design. According to river fish species, a plurality of targeted fishways are built, the water flow speed in the fishways is the adaptive speed of fish which pass through fishway demands in season, the existing value of the fishways is improved, different fish need to pass through the fishways according to different seasons, the water flow speed in the demand is adjusted, the utilization rate of the fishways is improved, and the success rate of the fish passing through the fishways is also improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention,
in the figure: the device comprises a test water tank, a downstream flow stabilizing grid, a fish, an upstream flow stabilizing grid, a partition plate, a buffer channel, a control valve, a branch water inlet pipe, a flow meter, a total valve, a total water inlet pipe, a water pump, a flow guide cone, a water storage tank, a flaring loudspeaker, a water outlet pipe, a scale and a test channel, wherein the test water tank is 1, the downstream flow stabilizing grid is 2, the fish is 3, the upstream flow stabilizing grid is 4, the partition plate is 5, the buffer channel is 6, the control valve is 7, the branch water inlet pipe is 8, the flow meter is 9, the total valve is 10, the total water inlet pipe is 11, the water pump is 12, the flow guide cone is 13, the water storage tank is 14, the flaring loudspeaker is 15, the water outlet pipe is 16, the scale is 17, and the test channel is 18.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the scale of the test tank is shown for simplicity, and in practical applications, the distance between the upstream flow stabilizing grid and the downstream flow stabilizing grid, and the length of the test channel are sufficient to allow the fish to live in a free-living state. The invention relates to a fish adaptability flow velocity test simulation system, which comprises a test water tank and a water storage tank, wherein one end of the test water tank is a water inlet end, the other end of the test water tank is a water outlet end, the water outlet end is communicated with the water storage tank through a water outlet pipe, a plurality of partition plates parallel to water flow are vertically arranged in the test water tank, the bottoms of the partition plates are fixed with the bottom of the test water tank, the upstream ends of the partition plates are fixed with the upstream end part of the test water tank, the water inlet side in the test water tank is divided into a plurality of channels by the partition plates, the water flow in each channel is different and has no influence, each channel is connected with a branch water inlet pipe, the upstream ends of all the branch water inlet pipes are connected to a main water inlet pipe in a gathering manner, the main water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump, the water inlet end of the main water inlet pipe is inserted under the liquid level of the water storage tank, each branch water inlet pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flowmeter, and the control valve is used for independently controlling the water flow velocity of each branch water inlet pipe, the flow meter feeds back the flow in the branch water inlet pipe instantly.
In order to realize that acceleration does not exist in part of water flow for testing in each channel and uniform-speed water flow is realized, an upstream flow stabilizing grid is arranged in the test water tank close to the direction of intercepting the water flow by the upstream end and is positioned in each channel, and each channel is divided into a buffer channel and a testing channel. The upstream flow stabilizing grating is a baffle plate with holes, after water flows pass through the upstream flow stabilizing grating, the impact force of water is buffered, and the water flow in the test channel keeps uniform speed. All be provided with the current meter in every test passage, through the instant water velocity of current meter instant feedback test passage respectively, the cooperation control valve is with the rivers regulation to the test speed of branch's inlet tube.
In order to prevent the turbulence at the downstream end part of the test water tank caused by the water in the test water tank flowing out of the water outlet hole, a downstream flow stabilizing grid is arranged in the test water tank close to the downstream end in the water flow intercepting direction, so that the water flow at the upstream of the downstream flow stabilizing grid is stabilized, and the stability of the water flow is kept.
The bottoms of the upstream flow stabilizing grid and the downstream flow stabilizing grid are fixed with the bottom of the test water tank, and the heights of the upstream flow stabilizing grid and the downstream flow stabilizing grid are consistent with the height of the test water tank.
The position that the water outlet end of experimental water tank is close to the top is provided with the apopore, and the outlet pipe is connected with the apopore, and the lower extreme of outlet pipe hangs on the liquid level of storage water tank, and the lower extreme setting of outlet pipe is the trumpet shape towards flaring all around, and when the trumpet shape let rivers to the bottom, the circulation pipe diameter grow in the twinkling of an eye, and less water is to the impact of storage water tank, reduces the interior water fluctuation of storage water tank. The apopore is close to the upper end of test water tank, in order to realize the overflow effect, when stopping the water pump, still can have the water of higher water level in the test water tank. In order to realize the cleaning of the test water tank and the use of the test water tank during water discharge, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the test water tank, a sealing cover is arranged on the water outlet, and when the test water tank is cleaned, the sealing cover is opened to drain water from the bottom. Water in the test tank has been emptied by opening the sealing lid when the test tank is not used for a long time.
The bottom in the storage water tank is provided with a diversion cone, the top of the diversion cone is in a pointed shape and gradually expands from the top to the bottom, and the bottom is fixed at the bottom of the storage water tank. The water conservancy diversion awl plays certain drainage effect to water for the water pump is intake more steadily, and the end of intaking of inlet tube can not rock because of producing greatly.
The side wall of the test water tank is carved with or pasted with a scale, and the reading of the scale is increased from bottom to top. The liquid level in the test water tank can be directly read conveniently.
The test water tank, the partition plate and the flow stabilizing grating are transparent. The fish moving direction can be observed conveniently, and the reading of the ruler is read.
The simulation method for the adaptive flow velocity test of the fishes comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling the system: assembling a fish adaptability flow velocity test simulation system;
step 2: system presetting: starting a water pump, opening control valves on the branch water inlet pipes, wherein the opening degrees of the control valves are different, so that the water flow speed in each test channel in the test water tank is sequentially increased, and the water flow speed gradient in the adjacent test channels is increased by reading the flow rate meters in each test channel and matching with and adjusting the control valves on the corresponding branch water inlet pipes;
and step 3: and recording the number: numbering each test channel, and recording the water flow speed of the test channel corresponding to each number;
and 4, step 4: putting the fish into a pool: placing a plurality of fishes at the downstream of the test channel in the test water tank;
and 5: recording data: after the fishes dispersedly swim to each test channel, recording the number of the fishes in the test channel corresponding to each number;
step 6: throwing bait in a test water tank at the downstream of the test channels, enabling the fishes to swim to the downstream for eating, after the fishes finish eating, distributing the bait to each test channel again, and recording the number of the fishes in the test channels corresponding to each number again; when the bait induces the fish to swim to a downstream area, the water pump is closed, the water level in the test water tank is kept unchanged, and the water flow speed is not high; and after all the fishes swim out of the testing channel or in the feeding process, the water pump is turned on and the opening degree is adjusted to be the same as that before the fishes are turned off.
And 7: repeating the step 6, sorting data, making a curve graph, fitting the curve graph, and obtaining the water flow speed with the most fish aggregation, namely the adaptive water flow speed of the fish;
and 8: replacing the same kind of fish with different ages of months, and repeating the steps 4-7;
and step 9: replacing different types of fish, and repeating the step 4-7;
step 10: and repeating the step 8.
In order to realize automatic counting and release manpower, before step 4 (fish enters the pool), a serial number is set for each fish, the serial number is recorded into a waterproof chip, the waterproof chip is attached to the surface of the fish and can be attached to the surface of the head or a scale on the back, and the surface area of the chip is not more than the size of one scale. When the fishes of the same kind and different ages in months are tested at the same time, the number comprises two digits, one digit represents the age of a month, and the other digit represents the number in the same age of the month; when different species of fish are tested simultaneously, the numbers include three digits, one number representing the species of fish, one number representing the age of the month, and another number representing the second in the same age of the month.
A chip code reader is arranged at the bottom or above each testing channel, and when a fish swims to the testing channels, the chip code reader can read the chip number of the fish; every chip code reader numbers in order, and all chip code readers all are connected with the display, and the fish number in the test area that each code reader corresponds is shown to the display.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a fish adaptability velocity of flow test analog system which characterized in that: the water inlet side of the test water tank is divided into a plurality of channels by the partition plate, each channel is connected with a branch water inlet pipe, the upstream ends of all the branch water inlet pipes are connected to a main water inlet pipe in a gathering manner, the main water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump, the water inlet end of the main water inlet pipe is inserted into the liquid level of the water storage tank, and each branch water inlet pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flow meter,
an upstream flow stabilizing grid and a downstream flow stabilizing grid are arranged in the test water tank in the direction of intercepting water flow, the upstream flow stabilizing grid is positioned in each channel, and each channel is divided into a buffer channel and a test channel.
2. The fish-adapted flow rate test simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the bottoms of the upstream flow stabilizing grid and the downstream flow stabilizing grid are fixed with the bottom of the test water tank, and the heights of the upstream flow stabilizing grid and the downstream flow stabilizing grid are consistent with the height of the test water tank.
3. The fish-adapted flow rate test simulation system of claim 1, wherein: each test channel is provided with a flow meter.
4. The fish-adapted flow rate test simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the position that the water outlet end of experimental water tank is close to the top is provided with the apopore, the outlet pipe is connected with the apopore, the lower extreme of outlet pipe hangs on the liquid level of storage water tank, and the lower extreme setting of outlet pipe is the loudspeaker shape towards flaring all around.
5. The fish-adapted flow rate test simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the bottom in the storage water tank is provided with a diversion cone, the top of the diversion cone is pointed and gradually expands from the top to the bottom, and the bottom is fixed at the bottom of the storage water tank.
6. The fish-adapted flow rate test simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the test water tank is carved with or pasted with a scale, and the reading of the scale is increased from bottom to top.
7. The fish-adapted flow rate test simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the test water tank, the partition plate and the flow stabilizing grating are transparent.
8. The simulation method for the fish adaptability flow velocity test is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling the system: assembling the fish-adapted flow rate test simulation system of any one of claims 1-7;
step 2: system presetting: starting a water pump, opening control valves on the branch water inlet pipes, wherein the opening degrees of the control valves are different, so that the water flow speed in each test channel in the test water tank is sequentially increased, and the water flow speed gradient in the adjacent test channels is increased by reading the flow rate meters in each test channel and matching with and adjusting the control valves on the corresponding branch water inlet pipes;
and step 3: and recording the number: numbering each test channel, and recording the water flow speed of the test channel corresponding to each number;
and 4, step 4: putting the fish into a pool: placing a plurality of fishes at the downstream of the test channel in the test water tank;
and 5: recording data: after the fishes dispersedly swim to each test channel, recording the number of the fishes in the test channel corresponding to each number;
step 6: throwing bait in a test water tank at the downstream of the test channels, enabling the fishes to swim to the downstream for eating, after the fishes finish eating, distributing the bait to each test channel again, and recording the number of the fishes in the test channels corresponding to each number again;
and 7: repeating the step 6, sorting data, making a curve graph, fitting the curve graph, and obtaining the water flow speed with the most fish aggregation, namely the adaptive water flow speed of the fish;
and 8: replacing the same kind of fish with different ages of months, and repeating the steps 4-7;
and step 9: replacing different types of fish, and repeating the step 4-7;
step 10: and repeating the step 8.
9. The fish-adaptive flow rate test simulation method of claim 8, wherein: in the step 6, when the bait lures the fish to swim to a downstream area, the water pump is closed, the water level in the test water tank is kept unchanged, and the water flow speed is not high;
and after all the fishes swim out of the testing channel or in the feeding process, the water pump is turned on and the opening degree is adjusted to be the same as that before the fishes are turned off.
10. The fish-adaptive flow rate test simulation method of claim 8, wherein: setting a number for each fish, recording the number into a waterproof chip, attaching the waterproof chip to the surface of the fish, and when the fish of the same type and different ages in months are tested at the same time, the number comprises two digits, one digit represents the age in months, and the other digit represents the number in the same age in months; when different species of fish are tested simultaneously, the numbers include three digits, one number representing the species of fish, one number representing the age of the month, another number representing the second in the same age of the month,
a chip code reader is arranged at the bottom or above each testing channel, and when a fish swims to the testing channels, the chip code reader can read the chip number of the fish; every chip code reader numbers in order, and all chip code readers all are connected with the display, and the fish number in the test area that each code reader corresponds is shown to the display.
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| CN202110771627.7A CN113391039A (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | Simulation system and simulation method for fish adaptability flow velocity test |
| PCT/CN2021/135213 WO2023279642A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-12-03 | Adaptive flow rate test simulation system and method for fishes |
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| CN202110771627.7A CN113391039A (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | Simulation system and simulation method for fish adaptability flow velocity test |
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| WO2023279642A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-12 | 河海大学 | Adaptive flow rate test simulation system and method for fishes |
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| CN116384289B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-08 | 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) | Method for predicting pier block type fishway flow through computational fluid dynamics |
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