WO2023279642A1

WO2023279642A1 - Adaptive flow rate test simulation system and method for fishes

Info

Publication number: WO2023279642A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/135213
Authority: WO
Inventors: 宋为威; 李轶; 王琳琼; 张焕军; 牛丽华; 王龙飞; 张文龙
Original assignee: 河海大学
Priority date: 2021-07-08
Filing date: 2021-12-03
Publication date: 2023-01-12
Also published as: CN113391039A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adaptive flow rate test simulation system and method for fishes. In the system, a water intake side in a test water tank is divided into a plurality of channels by partition plates; each channel is connected to a branch water intake pipe; upstream ends of all branch water intake pipes are collectively connected to a main water intake pipe; the main water intake pipe is connected to a water pump; each branch water intake pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flowmeter; and an upstream flow-stabilizing grille and a downstream flow-stabilizing grille are arranged in the test water tank in the direction of blocking a water flow, wherein the upstream flow-stabilizing grille divides the channels into buffer channels and test channels. The method comprises: after the flow rates of test channels are set, putting a plurality of fish into the channels, and after the fish are dispersed and swim to each test channel, recording the number of fish in each test channel; using bait to induce the fish to swim out of the test channel, and after the fish are dispersed and swim to each test channel, recording the number of fish in each test channel again; and repeating the above operation a plurality of times, so as to obtain an adaptive flow rate of the fish. By means of the present invention, adaptive flow rates of different fishes and of fish of different months of age can be obtained by means of tests.

Description

Simulation system and simulation method for fish adaptive flow rate test

technical field

The invention relates to a simulation system and a simulation method for a fish adaptive flow velocity test, belonging to the technical field of fish habit tests.

Background technique

Fish is an important indicator species of aquatic ecology and an important symbol of ecological environment changes. With the construction of a large number of water conservancy projects, the channels for fish migration, spawning and hatching have been cut off. As people gradually began to develop awareness of fish protection, fish passages gradually entered a very small number of large-scale water conservancy projects, such as the Yangtze River Gorge Fishway. Although the current fishway has played a certain role in fish protection, the effect is very limited. In the actual fish pass monitoring, it is found that only a small part of the fish pass through the fish pass, the main reason is that the fish pass has a fixed flow rate and its protected species are very limited.

At present, there is still little research on the relationship between fish migration and water flow velocity in the industry, and there is a large gap in knowledge.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides fish adaptive flow velocity test simulation system and simulation method, and its specific technical scheme is as follows:

A fish adaptive flow rate test simulation system, including a test water tank and a water storage tank, one end of the test water tank is the water inlet, the other end is the water outlet, the water outlet is connected to the water storage tank through the outlet pipe, and the inside of the test water tank is vertical There are several baffles parallel to the water flow, the bottom of the baffle is fixed to the bottom of the test water tank, the upstream end of the baffle is fixed to the upstream end of the test water tank, and the water inlet side of the test water tank is covered by a baffle. Divided into several channels, each channel is connected to a branch water inlet pipe, and the upstream ends of all branch water inlet pipes are collectively connected to the main water inlet pipe. Under the liquid level of the water storage tank, each branch water inlet pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flow meter,

An upstream steady flow grid and a downstream steady flow grill are arranged in the direction of intercepting water flow in the test water tank, and the upstream steady flow grill is located in each channel and divides each channel into a buffer channel and a test channel.

Further, the bottoms of the upstream steady flow grid and the downstream steady flow grill are fixed to the bottom of the test water tank, and their heights are consistent with the height of the test water tank.

Further, each of the test channels is provided with a flow meter.

Further, a water outlet hole is provided near the top of the water outlet end of the test water tank, the water outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet hole, the lower end of the water outlet pipe is suspended on the liquid surface of the water storage tank, and the lower end of the water outlet pipe is set in the shape of Trumpet shape that flares towards all sides.

Further, the bottom of the water storage tank is provided with a diversion cone, the top of the diversion cone is pointed, gradually expanding from the top to the bottom, and the bottom is fixed on the bottom of the water storage tank.

Further, a scale is engraved or pasted on the side wall of the test water tank, and the reading of the scale increases from bottom to top.

Further, the test water tank, the partition and the steady flow grille are all transparent.

The method for simulating the fish adaptive flow rate test comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Assembling the system: Assembling the above-mentioned fish adaptive flow velocity test simulation system;

Step 2: System preset: Turn on the water pump and open the control valves on the water inlet pipes of each branch. The opening of each control valve is different, so that the water flow rate in each test channel in the test water tank increases sequentially. By reading each test channel The flow meter in the center, cooperates with the control valve on the corresponding branch water inlet pipe to make the water flow rate gradient in the adjacent test channel increase;

Step 3: Number record: number each test channel, and record the water flow velocity of the test channel corresponding to each number;

Step 4: fish into the pond: put multiple fish in the downstream of the test channel in the test tank;

Step 5: Record data: After the fish swim to each test channel separately, record the number of fish in the test channel corresponding to each number;

Step 6: Sprinkle bait in the test water tank downstream of the test channel, and the fish swim to the downstream to eat. After the fish have eaten, they are diverted to each test channel again, and the number of fish in the test channel corresponding to each number is recorded again;

Step 7: Repeat step 6 to sort out the data, make a graph, and fit the graph. The water flow velocity at which fish gather the most is the adaptive water flow velocity of this type of fish;

Step 8: Replace the fish of the same species with different age groups, repeat steps 4-7;

Step 9: Change to different types of fish and repeat steps 4-7;

Step 10: Repeat Step 8.

Further, when the bait lures the fish to swim to the downstream area in the step 6, turn off the water pump, keep the water level in the test water tank unchanged, and there is no water flow velocity;

After all the fish swim out of the test channel, or during the feeding process, turn on the water pump and adjust it to the same opening as before closing it.

Further, set a number for each fish, enter the number into the waterproof chip, and stick the waterproof chip on the surface of the fish. When testing the same species of fish with different ages at the same time, the number includes two digits, one number indicates the age of the month, and the other number indicates the age of the fish. What is the number in the same month age; when testing different kinds of fish at the same time, the number includes three digits, one number indicates the fish type, one number indicates the month age, and the other number indicates the number in the same month age,

A chip code reader is arranged at the bottom or top of each test channel, and when the fish swims to the test channel, the chip code reader can read the chip number of the fish; each chip code reader is numbered in sequence, All chip code readers are connected with a display, and the display shows the fish number in the test area corresponding to each code reader.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention is of great significance for studying the habitual life water velocity of fish of different types and different ages. In large-scale barrage dam projects (such as the Three Gorges Dam), water ecological balance will be considered without destroying aquatic organisms (mainly Fish) reproduction and living habits (mainly seasonal migration, downstream, etc.), it is usually necessary to build a fishway on the dam body to allow fish to pass through. However, as far as the current fishway application and design are concerned, there is basically no Considering the adaptability of fish to the water flow rate, few fish migrate or flow downstream through the fishway. This patent obtains the habitual flow of fish of all kinds and months of age through experiments and tests, which can provide huge guiding significance for fishway design. According to the types of fish in the river, build multiple targeted fishways. The water flow speed in the fishways is the adaptive speed of the fish that need to pass through the fishways in the current season, which improves the existence value of the fishways. According to different seasons, there are different fish needs. With the help of the fishway, adjust the water flow speed when needed, improve the utilization rate of the fishway, and also improve the success rate of fish passing through the fishway.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention,

In the figure: 1- test water tank, 2- downstream steady flow grille, 3- fish, 4- upstream steady flow grille, 5- clapboard, 6- buffer channel, 7- control valve, 8- branch water inlet pipe, 9 -Flow meter, 10-General valve, 11-General water inlet pipe, 12-Water pump, 13-Direction cone, 14-Water storage tank, 15-Flaring horn, 16-Water outlet pipe, 17-Gauge, 18-Test channel.

detailed description

The present invention is described in further detail now in conjunction with accompanying drawing. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the configurations related to the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the proportion of the test tank in the figure is a simple illustration. In practical applications, the distance between the upstream steady flow grille and the downstream steady flow grille, as well as the length of the test channel are sufficient to allow the fish to live freely. of. The fish adaptability flow rate test simulation system of the present invention comprises a test water tank and a water storage tank. One end of the test water tank is a water inlet, and the other end is a water outlet. The water outlet is connected to the water storage tank through a water outlet pipe. The test water tank is vertically arranged with Several baffles parallel to the water flow, the bottom of the baffle is fixed to the bottom of the test water tank, the upstream end of the baffle is fixed to the upstream end of the test water tank, the water inlet side of the test water tank is divided into several channels by the baffle, each The water flows in the channels are different and have no influence on each other. Each channel is connected to a branch water inlet pipe. The upstream ends of all branch water inlet pipes are collectively connected to the main water inlet pipe. The water end is inserted under the liquid level of the water storage tank. Each branch water inlet pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flow meter. The control valve independently controls the water flow velocity of each branch water inlet pipe, and the flow meter immediately feeds back the flow in the branch water inlet pipe.

In order to realize that there is no acceleration in the part of the water flow used for testing in each channel and realize uniform water flow, an upstream steady flow grille is installed in the test water tank near the upstream end to intercept the water flow direction, and the upstream steady flow grille is located in each channel. Split into a buffer channel and a test channel. The upstream steady flow grille is a perforated baffle, after the water flow passes through the upstream steady flow grille, the impulsive force of the water is buffered, and the water flow in the test channel maintains a uniform speed. Each test channel is equipped with a flow rate meter, and the current flow rate of the test channel is instantly fed back through the flow rate meter, and the water flow of the branch water inlet pipe is adjusted to the test speed by cooperating with the control valve.

In order to prevent the water in the test water tank from flowing out from the water outlet hole, causing turbulence at the downstream end of the test water tank, a downstream steady flow grille is installed in the test water tank near the downstream end to intercept the water flow direction, to stabilize the water flow upstream of the downstream steady flow grille, Keep the water flowing smoothly.

Both the bottom of the upstream steady flow grid and the downstream steady flow grill are fixed to the bottom of the test water tank, and their height is consistent with the height of the test water tank.

The water outlet end of the test water tank is provided with a water outlet hole near the top, and the outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet hole. The shape allows water to flow to the bottom, and the diameter of the flow pipe increases instantly, reducing the impact of water on the water storage tank and reducing the fluctuation of water in the water storage tank. The water outlet hole is close to the upper end of the test water tank. In order to realize the overflow effect, when the water pump is stopped, water with a higher water level can still be stored in the test water tank. In order to realize the cleaning of the test water tank and use when draining water, a drain port is provided at the bottom of the test water tank, and the drain port is provided with a sealing cover. When the test water tank is cleaned, the sealing cover is opened to drain water from the bottom. When the test water tank has not been used for a long time, drain the water in the test water tank by opening the sealing cover.

The bottom of the water storage tank is provided with a diversion cone, and the top of the diversion cone is pointed, gradually expanding from the top to the bottom, and the bottom is fixed on the bottom of the water storage tank. The diversion cone has a certain drainage effect on the water, making the water intake of the water pump more stable, and the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe will not cause huge shaking.

A scale is engraved or attached on the side wall of the test water tank, and the reading of the scale increases from bottom to top. It is convenient to directly read the liquid level in the test tank.

The test tank as well as the partitions and steady flow grids are transparent. It is convenient to observe fish movement and read rod readings.

Step 1: Assemble the system: Assemble the simulation system for the fish adaptive flow rate test;

Step 2: System preset: Turn on the water pump and open the control valves on the water inlet pipes of each branch. The opening of each control valve is different, so that the water flow rate in each test channel in the test water tank increases in turn. By reading each test channel The flow meter in the center, cooperates with the control valve on the corresponding branch water inlet pipe to make the water flow rate gradient in the adjacent test channel increase;

Step 6: Sprinkle bait in the test water tank downstream of the test channel, and the fish swim downstream to eat. After the fish eat, they are diverted to each test channel again, and the number of fish in the test channel corresponding to each number is recorded again; the bait lures the fish When swimming to the downstream area, turn off the water pump, keep the water level in the test tank unchanged, and there is no water flow velocity; after all the fish swim out of the test channel, or during the feeding process, turn on the water pump and adjust it to the same opening as before closing.

Step 9: Change to different types of fish and repeat steps 4-7;

Step 10: Repeat Step 8.

In order to achieve automatic counting and liberate manpower, set a number for each fish before step 4 (fish entering the pond), and enter the number into the waterproof chip, which is pasted on the surface of the fish, which can be pasted on the surface of the head or the scales on the back. The surface area of the chip is no larger than the size of a scale. When testing the same species of fish with different ages at the same time, the number includes two digits, one number indicates the age of the month, and the other number indicates the number in the same month; when testing different types of fish at the same time, the number includes three digits , one number indicates the fish species, one number indicates the month age, and the other number indicates the number in the same month age.

There is a chip code reader at the bottom or top of each test channel. When the fish swims to the test channel, the chip code reader can read the chip number of the fish; each chip code reader is numbered in sequence, and all chips The code readers are all connected with a display, and the display displays the fish number in the test area corresponding to each code reader.

Inspired by the above-mentioned ideal embodiment according to the present invention, through the above-mentioned description content, relevant workers can make various changes and modifications within the scope of not departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

A fish adaptive flow rate test simulation system, characterized in that: it includes a test water tank and a water storage tank, one end of the test water tank is a water inlet, the other end is a water outlet, and the water outlet is connected to the water storage tank through an outlet pipe. The inside of the test water tank is vertically provided with several baffles parallel to the water flow. The bottom of the baffles is fixed to the bottom of the test water tank, and the upstream end of the baffles is fixed to the upstream end of the test water tank. The side is divided into several channels by the partition, each channel is connected to a branch water inlet pipe, and the upstream ends of all branch water inlet pipes are collectively connected to the main water inlet pipe. The water inlet end is inserted under the liquid level of the water storage tank, and each branch water inlet pipe is respectively provided with a control valve and a flow meter.

An upstream steady flow grid and a downstream steady flow grill are arranged in the direction of intercepting water flow in the test water tank, and the upstream steady flow grill is located in each channel and divides each channel into a buffer channel and a test channel.
The fish adaptive flow velocity test simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottoms of the upstream steady flow grid and the downstream steady flow grill are fixed to the bottom of the test water tank, and their height is the same as the height of the test water tank unanimous.
The fish adaptive flow velocity test simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: each of the test channels is provided with a flow velocity meter.
The fish adaptive flow rate test simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water outlet end of the test water tank is provided with a water outlet hole near the top, the water outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet hole, and the outlet pipe of the water outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet hole. The lower end is suspended on the liquid surface of the water storage tank, and the lower end of the water outlet pipe is arranged in the shape of a trumpet flaring towards the surroundings.
The fish adaptive flow rate test simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the water storage tank is provided with a diversion cone, the top of the diversion cone is pointed, and gradually expands from the top to the bottom, The bottom is fixed on the bottom of the water storage tank.
The fish adaptive flow velocity test simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall of the test water tank is engraved or affixed with a scale, and the reading of the scale increases from bottom to top.
The fish adaptive flow velocity test simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the test water tank, partitions and steady flow grids are all transparent.
The method for simulating the fish adaptive flow rate test is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Assembling the system: assembling the fish adaptive flow velocity test simulation system as described in any one of claims 1-7;

Step 2: System preset: Turn on the water pump and open the control valves on the water inlet pipes of each branch. The opening of each control valve is different, so that the water flow rate in each test channel in the test water tank increases in turn. By reading each test channel The flow meter in the center, cooperates with the control valve on the corresponding branch water inlet pipe to make the water flow rate gradient in the adjacent test channel increase;

Step 3: Number record: number each test channel, and record the water flow velocity of the test channel corresponding to each number;

Step 4: fish into the pond: put multiple fish in the downstream of the test channel in the test tank;

Step 5: Record data: After the fish swim to each test channel separately, record the number of fish in the test channel corresponding to each number;

Step 6: Sprinkle bait in the test water tank downstream of the test channel, and the fish swim to the downstream to eat. After the fish have eaten, they are diverted to each test channel again, and the number of fish in the test channel corresponding to each number is recorded again;

Step 7: Repeat step 6 to sort out the data, make a graph, and fit the graph. The water flow velocity at which fish gather the most is the adaptive water flow velocity of this type of fish;

Step 8: Replace the fish of the same species with different age groups, repeat steps 4-7;

Step 9: Change to different types of fish and repeat steps 4-7;

Step 10: Repeat Step 8.
The method for simulating the fish adaptability flow rate test according to claim 8, characterized in that: when the bait lures the fish to swim to the downstream area in the step 6, the water pump is turned off, the water level in the test tank is kept constant, and there is no water flow velocity;

After all the fish swim out of the test channel, or during the feeding process, turn on the water pump and adjust it to the same opening as before closing it.
The method for simulating fish adaptability flow rate test according to claim 8, characterized in that: set a serial number for each fish, enter the serial number into the waterproof chip, and stick the waterproof chip on the surface of the fish. For fish, the number includes two digits, one number indicates the age of the month, and the other number indicates the number in the same month; when different types of fish are tested at the same time, the number includes three digits, one number indicates the fish type, and the other number Indicates the age of the month, and another number indicates the number in the same age of the month,

A chip code reader is arranged at the bottom or top of each test channel, and when the fish swims to the test channel, the chip code reader can read the chip number of the fish; each chip code reader is numbered in sequence, All chip code readers are connected with a display, and the display shows the fish number in the test area corresponding to each code reader.