CN110374048A - A kind of adaptability curve plotting method of fish to hydrodynamic parameter - Google Patents
A kind of adaptability curve plotting method of fish to hydrodynamic parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110374048A CN110374048A CN201910658791.XA CN201910658791A CN110374048A CN 110374048 A CN110374048 A CN 110374048A CN 201910658791 A CN201910658791 A CN 201910658791A CN 110374048 A CN110374048 A CN 110374048A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fish to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, its implementation are as follows: establishes tool there are three types of the vertical seam type fish channel model of lead angle, different feature flow fields is manufactured using lead angle；It carries out putting fish test and recorded video；Obtain Field Characteristics；Trial zone in vertical seam type fish channel model is divided into different flow field regions；Test fish is calculated in the quantity ratio of the different flow field regions；According to test fish the different flow field regions quantity than drawing fish to the adaptation linearity curve of hydrodynamic parameter.It can determine that target fingerling successfully traces back the range for each key hydraulic factor liked by the method, for instructing and optimizing vertical seam type fish channel the Hydraulic Design, improved fish efficiency, really play the function of vertical seam type fish channel Ecological Restoration Project, and there is certain scientific meaning and reference value, can promote for fish pass hydraulic research that various fingerlings were fish object.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish pass design field, it is related to a kind of fish to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter.
Background technique
The migration behavior of fish is fish " three " --- it is periodical, fixed between wintering ground, spawning ground and feeding ground
The migratory movement of tropism and sociability, to meet fish body growth and development demand and adapt to external environment variation.It is repaired on natural river
After building permanent barrage building, one of them great influence is exactly to have blocked the vertical communication in river, has separated fish " three
Migration channel between field " seriously affects the life habits such as fish forage, overwintering, oviposition, fish population diversity is caused to be lost
It loses, economic fish quality deterioration, or even causes the part river property migratory species of fish that trace back endangered.A nearest century, fish
Species and quantity are rapidly reduced, and dam be cause 9000 kinds of recognizable nearly 15 of fresh-water fishes in the whole world by become extinct, it is compromised
Or the main reason in imminent danger.There are about more than 9.8 ten thousand for the built reservoir dam in China at present, and in addition there are also ten hundreds of lock weirs etc.
Building of irrigation works has reached the degree that can not be counted.These artificial structures have blocked river hydrophytic habitat, and barrier fish are whirled
Channel is swum, the exchange of upstream and downstream fish germplasm is hindered, river fishes resource is caused to fail year by year.
Fish pass is to aid in the important eco package design that fish pass through the barriers such as key water control project, to protection fish money
Source, recovery River Ecosystem Functions play a significant role.Domestic and international researcher is on the basis of a large amount of research and observation,
The various forms of fish pass such as water tank type, vertical seam type, baffle-type, plain type are proposed, every kind of fish pass forms different flow conditions,
To meet under different terrain and hydrologic condition, different fingerlings pass through the water retaining structures such as gate dam.Countries in the world fish pass at present
Cross fish success rate be generally lower than 50%, main cause is exactly that fish are difficult to overcome water flow obstacle when passing through fish pass.Summarize state
The successful experience of inside and outside fish pass construction and operation is with unsuccessfully lesson it is found that fish pass hydraulics is a hydraulic structure design, fish row
To learn the subject with multi-crossed disciplines such as ecology.Whether the hydraulic parameters in fish pass are mutually coordinated with Fish Swimming Traces behavioral trait,
Be determine fish pass design whether effective key factor.Traditional fish pass hydraulics mostly simple waterpower for hydraulic structure is special
Property conduct a research, fish swimming capacity and behavioral trait are considered insufficient.Fish behavior response is fish to the outer of environmental change
It is reacting, such as the mode of travelling behavior, position transfer.The generation process of behavior is mainly external environment stimulation in impression
Device causes nerve impulse, and nerve impulse is passed to nerve center along afferent nerve, by the nerve connections in maincenter, then passes through
Efferent nerve is passed to effector, causes behavior reaction, and behavior is the synthesis result that various physiological phenomenons occur in outside.Generally
Researching fish behavior, the correlation between researching fish behavior and ecological environment, according to nature or laboratory
Ambient conditions, with the orientation of researching fish, signal system, the structure and function of various organs, higher nerve acts on and other
Complicated behavioural characteristic is point of penetration, and the adaptation mechanism for studying various fish, fish are to behavior response of environmental stimuli etc..
Some researches show that the hydraulic factors of the reflection fluidised form such as flow velocity, turbulent fluctuation all can be to the generation of the swimming behavior of fish or front
Or negative impact, fish can go after profits and advoid disadvantages according to its psychological need, trace back along the flow condition oneself liked.Carrying out fish pass
When design, if design is improper may to produce the water flow obstacle for hindering fish to trace back in the room of fish pass pond, as waterpower hinders
Power is excessive, flow turbulence intensity is too strong etc..So if the considerations of the Hydraulic Design is lacked to Fish Swimming Traces behavioral trait, fish pass work
Journey, which is often difficult to reach, preferably crosses fish effect, and the Hydraulic Design of fish pass refers to fish swimming capacity index, fish trip more at present
Capacity index measurement of swimming is progress in the experimental tank for uniformly having pressure, single, Fish Swimming Traces behavior that there are flow fields by
The deficiencies of constraining, fish made passively continuously to swim without allowing the energy consumption of its physiology to restore.And fish is in the indoor Complex Flow Status in fish pass pond
With the swimming behavior that is shown in feature flow field with having pressure experimental tank compared to more horn of plenty, therefore exploration Fish Swimming Traces behavior
To the response relation of fish pass pond room feature water flow, adaptation of the fish to hydrodynamic parameter is drawn out under the feature flow field of fish pass pond room
Linearity curve quantitatively determines fish to the adaptability of the hydraulic parameters of reflection fluidised form, scientific design fish pass is very important,
It can be designed for fish pass and most intuitive and effective hydraulics foundation is provided.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, a kind of adaptation linearity curve of the fish provided by the invention to hydrodynamic parameter
Method for drafting can determine that target fingerling successfully traces back the range for each key hydraulic factor liked, for instruct and it is excellent
Change vertical seam type fish channel the Hydraulic Design, improved fish efficiency, really plays the function of vertical seam type fish channel Ecological Restoration Project.
In order to reach the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
This programme provides a kind of fish to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, includes the following steps:
S1, establishing tool using partition, there are three types of the vertical seam type fish channel models of lead angle；
S2, it carries out putting fish test according to the vertical seam type fish channel model and preset single test duration and records view
Frequently；
S3, stream field measure, and obtain Field Characteristics；
S4, the trial zone in vertical seam type fish channel model is divided into different flow field regions according to the Field Characteristics；
S5, test fish is calculated in the quantity ratio of the different flow field regions according to the recorded video；
S6, according to test fish the different flow field regions quantity than drawing fish to the adaptability of hydrodynamic parameter
Curve.
Further, the vertical seam type fish channel model in the step S1 includes become a mandarin section, connect with the section that becomes a mandarin 3 grades
Series connection pond room and the outlet flow section being connect with the pond room section, and flow regulating valve is set in the upstream of the vertical seam type fish channel model
Door, wherein
3 grades of series connection pond rooms include the trial zone positioned at intermediate pool room, and positioned at trial zone two sides the 1st pond room and
3rd pond room, and the inlet and outlet in the trial zone is respectively provided with block.
Still further, the lead angle angle of partition is respectively 30 °, 45 ° and 60 ° in the step S1.
Still further, 20 minutes a length of when single test in the step S2.
Still further, the step S4 its specifically:
The trial zone in the vertical seam type fish channel model is divided into recirculating zone on the left of mainstream, the mainstream right side according to Field Characteristics
Side reflux area, the big region in the front of mainstream and mainstream rear portion four.
Still further, the step S5 includes the following steps:
A1, the centre 10 minutes for selecting recorded video, every where 10 test fish of 5 seconds records region and number
Amount；
A2, the quantity ratio S for calculating test fish of each flow field regions every 5 seconds, the quantity ratio of different zones test fish
Expression formula is as follows:
Wherein, m is the quantity every 5s different tests region fish, and n is each test fish sum；
Still further, drawing fish in the step S6 includes: to draw test to the adaptation linearity curve of hydrodynamic parameter
Adaptation linearity curve of the fish for recirculating zone characteristic parameter in different flow field regions；
Test fish is drawn for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of turbulent fluctuation energy；
Test fish is drawn for the adaptation linearity curve of the resistance to water-flow of different flow field regions.
Still further, described draw test fish for the adaptability song of recirculating zone characteristic parameter in different flow field regions
Line includes the following steps:
The length L and width W of recirculating zone, obtain the reflux head of district on the right side of B1, respectively measurement mainstream left side recirculating zone and mainstream
Wide ratio
B2, according to the quantity ratio of the test fish of recirculating zone and the recirculating zone length-width ratio at left and right sides of mainstream, draw reflux
Influence relational graph of the length-width ratio in area to test fish；
The length and width of recirculating zone and mainstream right side recirculating zone, selects length and width most on the left of B3, comparison mainstream
Small value is compared with test fish length BL, obtains dimensionless number, the expression formula of the dimensionless number γ is as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of recirculating zone and mainstream right side recirculating zone on the left of mainstream, and W is recirculating zone and mainstream on the left of mainstream
The width of right side recirculating zone；
B4, recirculating zone is drawn with the dimensionless number γ according to the quantity ratio of the test fish of mainstream arranged on left and right sides recirculating zone
Influence relational graph of the size to test fish；
B5, the relational graph obtained according to step B2 obtain test fish for different flow fields from the obtained relational graph of step B4
The adaptation linearity curve of recirculating zone characteristic parameter in region.
Still further, the drafting test fish is for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of disorderly function,
Include the following steps:
C1, the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation energy for extracting different flow field regions；
C2, according to test fish the different flow field regions quantity than with the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation can relationship, draw
Test fish processed is for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of disorderly function.
Still further, adaptation linearity curve of the drafting test fish for the resistance to water-flow of different flow field regions,
Specifically:
Quantity according to test fish in the different flow field regions is drawn than the resistance to water-flow relationship in corresponding region
Adaptability relational graph of the test fish processed to resistance to water-flow, wherein the expression formula of the resistance to water-flow F is as follows:
F=0.5CdρAs(Uw-Uf)2
In formula, CdFor resistance to water-flow system, ρ is the density of water, AsFor the wetted surface area of fish, UwFor the flow velocity of water, UfFor
Fish traces back swimming rate.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
It is an object of the invention to insufficient, the swimming rows of combining target fingerling for existing fish pass the Hydraulic Design theoretical foundation
For characteristic, propose a kind of fish for vertical seam type fish channel the Hydraulic Design to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter,
Can determine that target fingerling successfully traces back the range for each key hydraulic factor liked by the method, for instruct and it is excellent
Change vertical seam type fish channel the Hydraulic Design, improved fish efficiency, really plays the function of vertical seam type fish channel Ecological Restoration Project.State at present
The inside and outside standard test method for lacking hydraulics and being combined with Fish behavior, the present invention are based on Fish behavior for fish pass
The typical method of design, be not only used directly for be with grass carp fish object fish pass design on, and have certain section
Meaning and reference value are learned, can be promoted for fish pass hydraulic research that other fingerlings were fish object.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of vertical seam type fish channel model in the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is that flow field regions divide figure in the present embodiment.
Fig. 4 is adaptability curve graph in the present embodiment.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of fish to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, realization
Method is as follows:
S1, establishing tool using partition lead angle, there are three types of the vertical seam type fish channel models of lead angle, as shown in Fig. 2, vertical seam type fish channel
Model includes become a mandarin section, 3 grades of series connection pond rooms section, outlet flow sections, in the room of thtee-stage shiplock pond, is located in the middle pond room as trial zone, and the 1st
Pond room and the 3rd pond room are water flow transition regions, develop more sufficient pond room feature water flow to build fluidised form in trial zone, intermediate
The inlet and outlet of pond room (the 2nd pond room, i.e. trial zone) is all arranged block, and test fish is placed in intermediate pool room when test,
True fish is carried out under different flow and puts fish test, and vertical seam type fish channel model upstream is equipped with flow regulating valve door, for controlling fish pass mould
The flow of type, by change fish pass pond room flow to manufacture different pond room fluidised forms, in the vertical seam type fish channel model every
Three kinds: 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° are respectively adopted in the angle of plate lead angle, by the partition for replacing different lead angles, it is possible to produce different
Pond room fluidised form, while the indoor fine flow field in 3 grades of ponds is obtained using CFD method for numerical simulation.
In a particular embodiment, the research achievement of forefathers shows that fish pass pond cell structure has shadow to the flow characteristics of pond chamber interior
It rings, relatively reasonable length-width ratio is 10:8, and reasonable perps width/pond room width range is 0.15~0.2, works as vertical seam type fish channel
When the gradient is less than 5%, water flow has dual nature in the room of fish pass pond, and lead angle can change internal water flow structure.
S2, it carries out putting fish test according to the vertical seam type fish channel model and preset single test duration and records view
Frequently, in a particular embodiment, test selects 10 test fish to be put into development forced swimming test in the room of pond at random every time, is remembered with camera
The swimming behavior of test fish is recorded, when single test is 20 minutes a length of；
S3, it is measured using ADV current meter stream field, and obtains flow field using fluent software and tecplot software
Feature is measured using ADV current meter stream field in a particular embodiment, to improve efficiency and obtaining more fine stream
, using the flow field under fluent numerical simulation difference operating condition, it is available in detail that flow field post-processing is carried out by tecplot software
Thin information of flow includes flow velocity, turbulent fluctuation energy, recirculating zone size etc.；
S4, the trial zone in vertical seam type fish channel model is divided into different flow field regions according to the Field Characteristics,
The trial zone in the vertical seam type fish channel model is specially divided into recirculating zone on the left of mainstream, mainstream right side according to Field Characteristics
Recirculating zone, the big region in the front of mainstream and mainstream rear portion four as unit of 5s, pass through video analysis in a particular embodiment
Each region in four big regions；
S5, quantity ratio of the test fish in the different flow field regions, its implementation are calculated according to the recorded video
It is as follows:
A1, the centre 10 minutes for selecting recorded video, every where 10 test fish of 5 seconds records region and number
Amount；
A2, the quantity ratio S for calculating test fish of each flow field regions every 5 seconds, the quantity ratio of different zones test fish
Expression formula is as follows:
Wherein, m is the quantity every 5s different tests region fish, and n is that each test fish sum is 10 fishes；
S6, according to test fish the different flow field regions quantity than drawing fish to the adaptability of hydrodynamic parameter
Curve comprising: test fish is drawn for the adaptation linearity curve of recirculating zone size characteristic parameter in different flow field regions；
Test fish is drawn for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of disorderly function；
Test fish is drawn for the adaptation linearity curve of the resistance to water-flow of different flow field regions, in which:
It is described to draw test fish for the adaptation linearity curve of recirculating zone size characteristic parameter in different flow field regions, including
Following steps:
The length L and width W of recirculating zone, obtain the reflux head of district on the right side of B1, respectively measurement mainstream left side recirculating zone and mainstream
Wide ratio
B2, according to the quantity ratio of the test fish of recirculating zone and the recirculating zone length-width ratio at left and right sides of mainstream, draw reflux
Influence relational graph of the length-width ratio in area to test fish；
The length and width of recirculating zone and mainstream right side recirculating zone, selects length and width most on the left of B3, comparison mainstream
Small value is compared with test fish length BL, obtains dimensionless number, the expression formula of the dimensionless number γ is as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of recirculating zone and mainstream right side recirculating zone on the left of mainstream, and W is recirculating zone and mainstream on the left of mainstream
The width of right side recirculating zone；
B4, recirculating zone is drawn with the dimensionless number γ according to the quantity ratio of the test fish of mainstream arranged on left and right sides recirculating zone
Influence relational graph of the size to test fish；
B5, the relational graph obtained according to step B2 obtain test fish for different flow fields from the obtained relational graph of step B4
The adaptation linearity curve of recirculating zone characteristic parameter in region；
Test fish is drawn for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of disorderly function, is included the following steps:
C1, the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation energy for extracting different flow field regions；
C2, according to test fish the different flow field regions quantity than with the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation can relationship, draw
Test fish processed is for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of disorderly function；
It is described to draw test fish for the adaptation linearity curve of recirculating zone size characteristic parameter in different flow field regions, tool
Body are as follows:
Quantity according to test fish in the different flow field regions is drawn than the resistance to water-flow relationship in corresponding region
Adaptability relational graph of the test fish processed to resistance to water-flow, wherein the expression formula of the resistance to water-flow F is as follows:
F=0.5CdρAs(Uw-Uf)2
In formula, CdFor resistance to water-flow system, ρ is the density of water, AsFor the wetted surface area of fish, UwFor the flow velocity of water, UfFor
Fish traces back swimming rate.
In a particular embodiment, adaptability Drawing of Curve step of the young grass carps for recirculating zone: measurement mainstream two sides are returned
The length and width for flowing area, obtains recirculating zone length-width ratio, according to the quantity of the test fish in the recirculating zone of left and right sides ratio and reflux
The relationship of area's length-width ratio can draw to obtain influence relational graph of the recirculating zone length-width ratio to test fish；Most according to recirculating zone length and width
The quantity ratio of test fish can draw to obtain recirculating zone size/fish length to test fish in small value/test fish length and recirculating zone
Influence relational graph.
Adaptability Drawing of Curve step of the young grass carps for flow velocity, turbulent fluctuation energy: different zones is flat in extraction observation area
Equal flow velocity and average turbulent fluctuation energy, according to test fish the quantity that different zones be distributeds than with this region in flow velocity, turbulent fluctuation energy
Relationship, relational graph can be influenced to test fish adaptability by drawing flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation.
The further explanation that now present invention is made.
In the present embodiment, the present invention refers to optimal vertical seam type fish channel structure, establishes vertical seam type fish channel model, partition lead angle energy
Enough change the water flow structure of pond chamber interior, therefore builds the model there are three types of lead angle fish pass, respectively 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and according to number
It is available to be worth sunykatuib analysis: 30 ° of lead angle fish pass mainstreams are more smooth, form a larger and lesser reflux in mainstream two sides
Area, the bending of 45 ° of lead angle fish pass mainstreams is moderate to be located at position among the room of pond, mainstream two sides can there are two the identical recirculating zone of size,
60 ° of lead angle fish pass mainstream bending degree are larger, and mainstream deviates in the middle part of the room of pond, can form a biggish recirculating zone in side.
In the present embodiment, carry out putting fish test research, the flow rate working conditions used is big flow (0.041m3/ s), middle flow
(0.025m3/ s), small flow (0.011m3/s).Flow inlet and exit placement barrier net the 2nd grade of pond room, select 10 at random
Article test fish is put at random in the 2nd grade of pond room, and with the swimming behavior of cameras record test fish, when record is 20 minutes a length of.According to
The Field Characteristics of these three fish pass can mainly be divided into the biggish mainstream front A of flow velocity, stream by region division is carried out in Fig. 3
Recirculating zone C and right side recirculating zone D on the left of the lesser mainstream of the flow velocity of the biggish mainstream rear portion B of speed ratio and Parallel to the flow direction.Respectively
Group fish in 10 minutes is counted among three kinds of fish pass in the distribution situation of each region, every fish of 5 seconds records when analyzing video
Region and distributed number calculate the quantity ratio of the test fish of different zones.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 4, the recirculating zone size of three kinds of lead angle fish pass of measurement, the recirculating zone ruler of different fish pass
It is very little to be shown in Table 1 with quantity ratio, it is drawn flow back according to the relationship of the quantity of the test fish of recirculating zone length-width ratio and different zones ratio respectively
The influence diagram of the wide Comparability test fish of the head of district, and according to the long pass with quantity ratio of minimum value/test fish body in the length and width of recirculating zone
Recirculating zone size/fish length is drawn to the influence diagram of test fish by system.
Table 1
The length of the available recirculating zone of map analysis is influenced on the adaptability of test fish according to the recirculating zone size of the present embodiment
Wide ratio is bigger, and fewer in the test fish that recirculating zone stops, test fish is weaker to the adaptability of recirculating zone.Recirculating zone length-width ratio more connects
It is bordering on 1, the test fish stopped in recirculating zone is more.Recirculating zone size/fish length is bigger, then the test fish stopped in recirculating zone
More, test fish is stronger for the adaptability of recirculating zone.
Statistically analyze different lead angle fish pass in the present embodiment under cross fish success rate, obtain three kinds of lead angle fish pass patterns
The fish pass of 45 ° of lead angle patterns crosses that fish success rate is higher, and being is suitable for ideal fish pass that fish are traced back.Again because by analyzing not cocurrent flow
Amount operating condition under the room Dan Chi Fish Swimming Traces behavior discovery low flow rate condition under water flow to the coercion of fish be not it is apparent and
Under big flow operating condition fish can obviously experience water flow coercion and cross fish success rate it is lower, therefore select 45 ° in flow work
Flow field under condition carries out the influence of analysis flow velocity, turbulent fluctuation energy, resistance.
The mean flow rate and turbulent fluctuation energy in the flow field different zones in 45 ° of lead angle fish pass under flow rate working conditions are extracted, examination is drawn
Fish is tested to the adaptability result figure of flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation energy, analysis chart adaptability figure is it can be concluded that flow velocity is corresponding when being 0.115m/s
Number percent is respectively 45% and 15%, and result when wherein quantity is than being 45% appears in recirculating zone on the left of mainstream, this area
The corresponding turbulent fluctuation in domain can be 0.00779m2/s2, and the result that number percent is 15% appears in recirculating zone on the right side of mainstream, this area
The corresponding turbulent fluctuation in domain can be 0.003m2/s2.It can be seen that when flow velocity is identical, turbulent fluctuation can play a major role to fish, compared to disorderly
Kinetic energy 0.003m2/s2For, young grass carps prefer to stay in average turbulent fluctuation be 0.0079m2/s2Region.From young grass carps
Adapting to linearity curve can be seen that 84% test fish is liked staying in 0.00521~0.00779m2/s2Region.
Turbulent fluctuation can be 0.005m2/s2When left and right, corresponding test fish number percent is respectively 1% and 39%, quantity ratio
Mainstream front is appeared in for 1% result, corresponding flow velocity is 0.627m/s, and quantity is than appearing in mainstream for 39% result
Rear portion, corresponding flow velocity are 0.479m/s.It can be seen that flow velocity plays a major role to test fish, phase when turbulent fluctuation can be identical
For 0.627m/s flow velocity, grass carp test fish prefers to stay in the relatively small region of flow velocity (0.479m/s), there is 99%
Fish like staying in the region that flow velocity section is 0.115~0.479m/s.
According to the suffered resistance to water-flow calculation formula, the average current resistance of different zones is calculated, draws test fish pair
The adaptability result figure of resistance to water-flow, analysis chart show that the corresponding resistance in the big region of flow velocity is bigger, the bigger region examination of resistance
The quantity for testing fish is fewer.It is 0.293 × 10 in the recirculation zone resistance that flow velocity is 0.115m/s-3N, test fish quantity at this time account for
60%, and the mainstream front area for being 6.197 in flow velocity, resistance are 6.197 × 10-3N, test fish quantity at this time only account for 1%.
Three kinds of adaptability curve graphs being obtained according to the present embodiment are flowing back it follows that the length-width ratio of recirculating zone is bigger
The test fish that area stops is fewer, and test fish is weaker to the adaptability of recirculating zone.Recirculating zone size/fish length is bigger, then is flowing back
The test fish stopped in area is more, and test fish is stronger for the adaptability of recirculating zone.For young grass carps, suitable turbulent fluctuation
Energy range is 0.00521~0.00779m2/s2, suitable flow rates be 0.115~0.479m/s.Suitable hydraulic resistance model
Enclose is < 4 × 10-3N, when designed using young grass carps as the fish pass of target fingerling, the corresponding hydrodynamic force factor should meet
The hobby flow rates stated.
The present invention can determine that target fingerling successfully traces back the model for each key hydraulic factor liked by the method
It encloses, for instructing and optimizing vertical seam type fish channel the Hydraulic Design, improved fish efficiency, and really played vertical seam type fish channel restoration of the ecosystem work
The function of journey, be used directly for be with grass carp fish object fish pass design on, and have certain scientific meaning and ginseng
Value is examined, can be promoted for fish pass hydraulic research that other fingerlings were fish object
The present invention is not limited solely to young grass carps, may extend to the adaptability curve plotting method of other fingerlings.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fish are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which comprises the steps of:
S1, establishing tool using partition, there are three types of the vertical seam type fish channel models of lead angle；
S2, it is carried out putting fish test and recorded video according to the vertical seam type fish channel model and preset single test duration；
S3, stream field measure, and obtain Field Characteristics；
S4, the trial zone in vertical seam type fish channel model is divided into different flow field regions according to the Field Characteristics；
S5, test fish is calculated in the quantity ratio of the different flow field regions according to the recorded video；
It is S6, more bent to the adaptability of hydrodynamic parameter than drawing fish in the quantity of the different flow field regions according to test fish
Line.
2. fish according to claim 1 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
Vertical seam type fish channel model in step S1 include become a mandarin section, 3 grades of series connection pond rooms being connect with the section that becomes a mandarin and with the pond
The outlet flow section of room section connection, and flow regulating valve door is set in the upstream of the vertical seam type fish channel model, wherein
3 grades of series connection pond room includes the trial zone for being located at intermediate pool room, and positioned at the 1st pond room of trial zone two sides and the 3rd
Pond room, and the inlet and outlet in the trial zone is respectively provided with block.
3. fish according to claim 1 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
The lead angle angle of partition is respectively 30 °, 45 ° and 60 ° in step S1.
4. fish according to claim 1 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
It is 20 minutes a length of when single test in step S2.
5. fish according to claim 1 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
Step S4 its specifically:
The trial zone in the vertical seam type fish channel model recirculating zone on the left of mainstream, mainstream right side is divided into according to Field Characteristics to return
Flow the big region in front and mainstream rear portion four in area, mainstream.
6. fish according to claim 1 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
Step S5 includes the following steps:
A1, the centre 10 minutes for selecting recorded video, every where 10 test fish of 5 seconds records region and quantity；
A2, the quantity ratio S for calculating test fish of each flow field regions every 5 seconds, the expression of the quantity ratio of different zones test fish
Formula is as follows:
Wherein, m is the quantity every 5s different tests region fish, and n is each test fish sum.
7. fish according to claim 1 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
It includes: to draw test fish for returning in different flow field regions to the adaptation linearity curve of hydrodynamic parameter that fish are drawn in step S6
Flow adapting to linearity curve, drawing test fish for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptability song of turbulent fluctuation energy for area's characteristic parameter
Line and draw test fish for the resistance to water-flow of different flow field regions adaptation linearity curve.
8. fish according to claim 7 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
Test fish is drawn for the adaptation linearity curve of recirculating zone characteristic parameter in different flow field regions, is included the following steps:
The length L and width W of recirculating zone, obtain recirculating zone length-width ratio on the right side of B1, respectively measurement mainstream left side recirculating zone and mainstream
B2, according to the quantity ratio of the test fish of recirculating zone and the recirculating zone length-width ratio at left and right sides of mainstream, draw recirculating zone
Influence relational graph of the length-width ratio to test fish；
The length and width of recirculating zone and mainstream right side recirculating zone, selects the minimum value of length and width on the left of B3, comparison mainstream
It is compared with test fish length BL, obtains dimensionless number, the expression formula of the dimensionless number γ is as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of recirculating zone and recirculating zone on the right side of mainstream on the left of mainstream, and W is recirculating zone and mainstream right side on the left of mainstream
The width of recirculating zone；
B4, recirculating zone size is drawn with the dimensionless number γ according to the quantity ratio of the test fish of mainstream arranged on left and right sides recirculating zone
Influence relational graph to test fish；
B5, the relational graph obtained according to step B2 obtain test fish for different flow field regions from the obtained relational graph of step B4
The adaptation linearity curve of middle recirculating zone characteristic parameter.
9. fish according to claim 7 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that described
Test fish is drawn for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of disorderly function, is included the following steps:
C1, the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation energy for extracting different flow field regions；
C2, according to test fish the different flow field regions quantity than with the flow velocity and turbulent fluctuation can relationship, draw examination
Fish is tested for the flow velocity of different flow field regions, the adaptation linearity curve of disorderly function.
10. fish according to claim 7 are to the adaptability curve plotting method of hydrodynamic parameter, which is characterized in that institute
State draw test fish for the resistance to water-flow of different flow field regions adaptation linearity curve, specifically:
Quantity according to test fish in the different flow field regions draws examination than the resistance to water-flow relationship in corresponding region
Fish is tested to the adaptability relational graph of resistance to water-flow, wherein the expression formula of the resistance to water-flow F is as follows:
F=0.5CdρAs(Uw-Uf)2
In formula, CdFor resistance to water-flow system, ρ is the density of water, AsFor the wetted surface area of fish, UwFor the flow velocity of water, UfFor fish
Trace back swimming rate.
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| CN112461157A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-09 | 国电大渡河枕头坝发电有限公司 | Fish passing monitoring system |
| CN115541185A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-30 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Fishway water flow judgment method based on simulated fish body |
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| CN115541185B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-04-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Fishway water flow judgment method based on simulated fish body |
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