CN106577377A - Method for designing water velocity of fish passing facility based on swimming capacity of fishes - Google Patents
Method for designing water velocity of fish passing facility based on swimming capacity of fishes Download PDFInfo
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01P3/38—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using photographic means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing the water velocity of a fish passing facility based on the swimming capacity of fishes. The method for designing the water velocity of the fish passing facility based on the swimming capacity of fishes specifically comprises the steps that target fishes are selected, and the swimming capacity, namely the inductive swimming speeds and the burst swimming speeds, of the fishes is tested through a self-made water tank device; and test result values of the inductive swimming speeds or the burst swimming speeds of the fishes are ranked in an increasing sequence, a scatter diagram is drawn with the (SPx, n/N) of each fish as coordinates, and then linear equation y%=f(SPx) fitting is conducted, wherein the function f can be a linear equation or a curve equation, SPx serves as x coordinates, and y% serves as y coordinates; SPx values corresponding to the y-coordinate induction swimming speed test values y% are used as swimming capacity characteristic values, and SPx values corresponding to the y-coordinate burst swimming speed test values (1-y%) are used as swimming capacity characteristic values. By adoption of the method for designing the water velocity of the fish passing facility based on the swimming capacity of fishes, design of the water velocity of the fish passing facility can be guided in detail.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic engineering technical field, is more particularly to based on the fish pass structure water flow velocity of fish swimming capacity
Degree method for designing.
Background technology
The hydraulic engineering that China greatly develops in recent years destroys the connectedness in river, has intercepted fish migration passage.Cross
Facilities for fish's passage as important project compensation and Mitigation methods, its design, the level requirement more and more higher built, how reasonable science
Design fish pass structure flow rate of water flow be one of the key link for realizing fish pass structure Effec-tive Function.How ecology of fishes is utilized
The new problem that fish pass structure water velocity is extensive concern in ecological protection and hydraulic engineering is designed with biodemography principle.
The content of the invention
At present generally using the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of fish swimming capacity test result as fish pass structure water velocity design load,
The water velocity method for designing and design load can not show the fish ratio for meeting design load.It is an object of the invention to provide
A kind of method of fish pass structure water velocity design, method is feasible, and can show that the fish ratio for meeting design load, can
Technical support is provided for fish pass structure water velocity design link, there is important using value in hydraulic engineering field.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that：
1. selection target uses fish
Selected target fish outward appearance is without substantially damage.Target is with the rule that fish object is crossed in fish specification limit and fish pass structure
Lattice scope (10cm～40cm) is consistent.Fish swimming capacity (such as sensing swimming rate and outburst swimming rate test index)
Each index test with fish amount be 10～100 tails.
2. fish swimming capacity is tested
Using specific water tank device, the sensing swimming rate and outburst swimming speed of fish swimming capacity, i.e. fish are tested
Degree.
Determine the sensing swimming rate of fish.Recorded a video with video camera is whole to test process.Test is all placed in fish
In one annular water tank (Fig. 1), the movable spatial volume of fish should be 10 times or more than 10 times of all test fish cumulative volumes.
Tank is set to produce bimodal current using motor and screw.Motor is opened, screw starts to rotate and produce water velocity (electricity
Corresponding relation between machine rotating speed and water velocity need to be measured in advance by water flow test instrument), flow velocity is progressively tuned up straight
To all fish heads towards tank side (i.e. countercurrent movement), then water velocity is adjusted to 0.Then will produce with it is above-mentioned
Water velocity water velocity in opposite direction, increases a flow velocity per 5s, until all fish heads with the speed increment of 0.01m/s
Portion is towards tank opposite side (i.e. countercurrent movement).Using video recording, the time that each tail fish turn around is analyzed, you can learn each
Swimming rate when tail fish turn around, the sensing swimming rate of as each tail fish.
Determine the outburst swimming rate of fish.Recorded a video with video camera is whole to test process.Test is carried out with fish by tail
Test respectively.Fish is positioned over into one end of Rectangular Water Trough, the movable horizontal cross space length of fish should be 5 times of the fish length
Or 5 times long with upper body, and it is not less than 2m.Fish tail is touched with thin rod (batten, sticking plaster, metal bar etc.), now fish can be carried out
Outburst motion.Video analysis are carried out to video recording, the farthest 1s time slices of fish move distance in above-mentioned motion process are intercepted,
The average speed of the fish locomotion under the fragment as tests fish outburst swimming rate.Repeat aforesaid operations, you can obtain each
The outburst swimming rate of tail fish.
3. fish swimming capacity data analysis figure is made
By Burden-Swimming Ability of KM (the sensing swimming rate or outburst swimming rate) test result values (SP of each tail fishx, SP is fish
Class Burden-Swimming Ability of KM, x is corresponding concrete test index) according to being ranked up from small to large, (N is total mantissa of fish, and n is a certain tail
The sequence of fish).With (the SP of each tail fishx, n/N) and do scatter diagram for coordinate (such as Fig. 1).Then linear equation y%=f is carried out
(SPx) (function f can be linear equation or curvilinear equation, SP for fittingxFor abscissa, y% is ordinate).
4. fish pass structure water velocity is designed
When needing fish pass structure water velocity design load to meet the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of y% fish, by the vertical seat of above-mentioned datagram
The corresponding SP of mark sensing swimming rate test value y%xIt is worth as Burden-Swimming Ability of KM characteristic value, and as water velocity in fish pass structure
The design load of minimum of a value；By the corresponding SP of above-mentioned datagram ordinate outburst swimming rate test value (1-y%)xValue is used as swimming
Ability characteristics value, and as the design load of water velocity maximum in fish pass structure.
The present invention compared with art methods, with advantages below and effect：
1. with it is existing using Burden-Swimming Ability of KM test result arithmetic average as fish swimming capacity characteristic value and as mistake
Facilities for fish's passage water velocity design load is compared, and this fish pass structure water velocity method for designing can show that the fish for meeting design load
Ratio.
2. cannot be met based on the water velocity method for designing of fish swimming capacity arithmetic average has larger fish amount excessively
The fish pass structure flow velocity design of demand.Served as fish amount demand it is less when, the water flow velocity based on fish swimming capacity arithmetic average
Spending method for designing then can be because flow rate of water flow design requirement be relatively too high so as to consume excessive fish pass structure construction cost.This mistake
Facilities for fish's passage water velocity method for designing becomes more meticulous design fish pass structure water velocity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is homemade water tank device, wherein, 1. Rectangular Water Trough, 2. blocks, 3. screw, 4. motor.
Fig. 2 is embodiment 1 with the (SP of each tail fishx, n/N) and the scatter diagram that does for coordinate.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 2 with the (SP of each tail fishx, n/N) and the scatter diagram that does for coordinate.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 3 with the (SP of each tail fishx, n/N) and the scatter diagram that does for coordinate.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Step 1. selection target uses fish
Outward appearance is chosen without the obvious fish for damaging.By data consultation it can be found that certain fish in some hydropower station fish pass structure
The fish specification of crossing planted is intended to be the long 10cm～30cm of body, thus this fish critical swimming speed tests the body long size model of fish used
Enclose for 10cm～30cm.It is 10 tails with fish amount.Concrete fish specification see the table below 1.
2. fish swimming capacity is tested
Determine the sensing swimming rate of fish.Recorded a video with video camera is whole to test process.Test is all placed in fish
In one Rectangular Water Trough (long 2.5m, wide 0.5m, high 0.5m).Tank is set to produce bimodal current using motor and screw.Open
Open motor, screw starts to rotate and produce water velocity that (corresponding relation between motor speed and water velocity need to lead in advance
Cross water flow test instrument to be measured), flow velocity is progressively tuned up until all fish heads (are countercurrently transported towards tank side
It is dynamic), then water velocity is adjusted to 0.Then the water velocity in opposite direction with above-mentioned water velocity will be produced, with 0.01m/s
Speed increment per 5s increase a flow velocity, until all fish heads are towards tank opposite side (i.e. countercurrent movement).Utilize
Video recording, analyzes the time that each tail fish turn around, you can swimming rate when learning that each tail fish turn around, as each tail fish
The sensing swimming rate of class.Test result see the table below 1.
The fish specification of table 1 and sensing swimming rate
3. fish swimming capacity data analysis figure is made
By the sensing swimming rate (SP of each tail fishinduced) according to being ranked up from small to large, as a result for:0.08m/s,
0.08m/s, 0.09m/s, 0.09m/s, 0.10m/s, 0.10m/s, 0.11m/s, 0.12m/s, 0.12m/s, 0.13m/s.With weight
(the SP of each tail fish after new sortinduced, n/N) and scatter diagram (wherein n is the order of fish, and N is the total amount of fish) is done for coordinate,
I.e. with (0.08,1/10), (0.08,2/10), (0.097,3/10), (0.09,4/10), (0.10,5/10), (0.10,6/10),
(0.11,7/10), (0.12,8/10), (0.12,9/10), (0.13,10/10).Then carry out linear equation y%=a+b ×
SPinducedFitting.Fitting result is shown in Fig. 2.Fit equation is y%=-1.19+17.03 × SPinduced。
4. fish pass structure water velocity is designed
According to other analysis gained, the power station fish pass structure current design needs in theory meet 90% fish
Do not get lost when by fish pass structure.Therefore it is 90%, i.e. 90%=-1.19+17.03 that y% answers value in above-mentioned equation
×SPinduced。SPburst=0.12.Therefore can using 0.12m/s as water velocity minimum of a value in the fish pass structure design load.
Embodiment 2
Step 1. selection target uses fish
Outward appearance is chosen without the obvious fish for damaging.By data consultation it can be found that certain fish in some hydropower station fish pass structure
The fish specification of crossing planted is intended to be the long 10cm～20cm of body, thus this fish critical swimming speed tests the body long size model of fish used
Enclose for 10cm～20cm.It is 10 tails with fish amount.Concrete fish specification see the table below 2.
2. fish swimming capacity is tested
Determine the outburst swimming rate of fish.Recorded a video with video camera is whole to test process.Test is carried out with fish by tail
Test respectively.Fish is positioned over into one end (the long 2m of tank) of Rectangular Water Trough.Fish tail is touched with sticking plaster, now fish can carry out quick-fried
Shipping is dynamic.Video analysis are carried out to video recording, the farthest 1s time slices of fish move distance in above-mentioned motion process are intercepted, should
The average speed of the fish locomotion under fragment as tests fish outburst swimming rate.Repeat aforesaid operations, you can obtain each tail
The outburst swimming rate of fish.Test result see the table below 2.
The fish specification of table 2 and outburst swimming rate
3. fish swimming capacity data analysis figure is made
By the outburst swimming rate (SP of each tail fishburst) according to being ranked up from small to large, as a result for:0.82m/s,
0.84m/s, 0.95m/s, 0.97m/s, 1.05m/s, 1.13m/s, 1.17m/s, 1.19m/s, 1.22m/s, 1.41m/s.With weight
(the SP of each tail fish after new sortburst, n/N) and do scatter diagram (wherein n is the order of fish, and N is the total amount of fish) for coordinate, i.e.,
With (0.82,1/10), (0.84,2/10), (0.95,3/10), (0.97,4/10), (1.05,5/10), (1.13,6/10),
(1.17,7/10), (1.19,8/10), (1.22,9/10), (1.41,10/10).Then carry out linear equation y%=a+b ×
SPburstFitting.Fitting result is shown in Fig. 3.Fit equation is y%=--1.18+1.61 × SPburst。
4. fish pass structure water velocity is designed
According to other analysis gained, the power station fish pass structure current design needs in theory meet 70% fish
By fish pass structure.Therefore it is (1-70%), i.e. 30%=-1.18+1.61 × SP that y% answers value in above-mentioned equationburst。
SPburst=0.92.Therefore can using 0.92m/s as water velocity maximum in the fish pass structure design load.
Embodiment 3
Step 1. selection target uses fish
Outward appearance is chosen without the obvious fish for damaging.By data consultation it can be found that certain fish in some hydropower station fish pass structure
The fish specification of crossing planted is intended to be the long 10cm～40cm of body, thus this fish critical swimming speed tests the body long size model of fish used
Enclose for 10cm～40cm.It is 20 tails with fish amount.Concrete fish specification see the table below 3.
2. fish swimming capacity is tested
Determine the outburst swimming rate of fish.Recorded a video with video camera is whole to test process.Test is carried out with fish by tail
Test respectively.Fish is positioned over into one end (the long 2m of tank) of Rectangular Water Trough.Fish tail is touched with sticking plaster, now fish can carry out quick-fried
Shipping is dynamic.Video analysis are carried out to video recording, the farthest 1s time slices of fish move distance in above-mentioned motion process are intercepted, should
The average speed of the fish locomotion under fragment as tests fish outburst swimming rate.Repeat aforesaid operations, you can obtain each tail
The outburst swimming rate of fish.Test result see the table below 3.
The fish specification of table 3 and outburst swimming rate
3. fish swimming capacity data analysis figure is made
By the outburst swimming rate (SP of each tail fishburst) according to being ranked up from small to large, as a result for:1.28m/s,
1.31m/s, 1.32m/s, 1.37m/s, 1.42m/s, 1.42, m/s, 1.46m/s, 1.50m/s, 1.51m/s, 1.53m/s,
1.55m/s, 1.58m/s, 1.61m/s, 1.63m/s, 1.64m/s, 1.64, m/s, 1.67m/s, 1.72m/s, 1.73m/s,
1.79m/s.(the SP of each tail fish after with rearrangementburst, n/N) and (wherein n is the order of fish, and N is to do scatter diagram for coordinate
The total amount of fish), i.e., with (1.28,1/20), (1.31,2/20), (1.32,3/20), (1.37,4/20), (1.42,5/20),
(1.42,6/20), (1.46,7/20), (1.50,8/20), (1.51,9/20), (1.53,10/20), (1.55,11/20),
(1.58,12/20), (1.61,13/20), (1.63,14/20), (1.64,15/20), (1.64,16/20), (1.67,17/
20), (1.72,18/20), (1.73,19/20), (1.79,20/20).Then linear equation y%=a+b × SP is carried outburstIntend
Close.Fitting result is shown in Fig. 4.Fit equation is y%=-2.52+1.98 × SPburst。
4. fish pass structure water velocity is designed
According to other analysis gained, the power station fish pass structure current design needs in theory meet 60% fish
By fish pass structure.Therefore it is (1-60%), i.e. 40%=-2.52+1.98 × SP that y% answers value in above-mentioned equationburst。
SPburst=1.47.Therefore can using 1.47m/s as water velocity maximum in the fish pass structure design load.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for designing of the fish pass structure water velocity based on fish swimming capacity, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
（1）Selection target uses fish
Selected target fish outward appearance is without substantially damage, the target specification model that fish object is crossed in fish specification limit and fish pass structure
Enclose 10 cm ~ 40 cm to be consistent, each index test of fish swimming capacity is 10 ~ 100 tails with fish amount；
2）Test fish swimming capacity
Using homemade water tank device, the sensing swimming rate and outburst swimming rate of fish swimming capacity, i.e. fish are tested,
The sensing swimming rate of fish is determined, is recorded a video with video camera is whole to test process, test is all placed in into one with fish
In individual Rectangular Water Trough, the movable spatial volume of fish should be 10 times or more than 10 times of all test fish cumulative volumes, using electricity
Machine and screw make tank produce bimodal current, open motor, and screw starts to rotate and produce water velocity, by flow velocity progressively
Tune up until all fish heads are towards tank side, i.e. countercurrent movement, then water velocity is adjusted to 0, then will produce with it is upper
Water velocity water velocity in opposite direction is stated, a flow velocity is increased with every 5 s of the speed increment of 0.01-0.05m/s, until
All fish heads, using video recording, analyze the time that each tail fish turn around, i.e., towards tank opposite side, i.e. countercurrent movement
Swimming rate when can learn that each tail fish turn around, the sensing swimming rate of as each tail fish；
The outburst swimming rate of fish is determined, is recorded a video with video camera is whole to test process, test is distinguished with fish by tail
Fish are positioned over one end of Rectangular Water Trough by test, the movable horizontal cross space length of fish should be 5 times of the fish length or
5 times long with upper body, and is not less than 2 m, and with thin rod fish tail is touched, and now fish can carry out outburst campaign, and to video recording video is carried out
Analysis, intercepts the farthest 1 s time slices of fish move distance in above-mentioned motion process, the fish locomotion under the fragment it is flat
Speed as tests fish outburst swimming rate, repeats aforesaid operations, you can obtain the outburst swimming rate of each tail fish；
3）Make fish swimming capacity data analysis figure
By the sensing swimming rate of each tail fish or outburst swimming rate test result values according to being ranked up from small to large, with every
(the SP of one tail fishx, n/N) and scatter diagram is done for coordinate, then carry out linear equation y%=f (SPx) fitting, function f can be straight line side
Journey or curvilinear equation, SPxFor abscissa, y% is ordinate；
4）Design fish pass structure water velocity
When needing fish pass structure water velocity design load to meet the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of y% fish, by the mapping of above-mentioned data, ordinate
The corresponding SP of sensing swimming rate test value y%xIt is worth as Burden-Swimming Ability of KM characteristic value, and as water velocity in fish pass structure most
The design load of little value；By the mapping of above-mentioned data, the corresponding SP of ordinate outburst swimming rate test value (1-y%)xValue is used as swimming
Ability characteristics value, and as the design load of water velocity maximum in fish pass structure.
2. the method for designing of the fish pass structure water velocity based on fish swimming capacity described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described SP is fish swimming capacity, and x is corresponding concrete test index, and N is total mantissa of fish, and n is the sequence of a certain tail fish.
3. the method for designing of the fish pass structure water velocity based on fish swimming capacity described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described homemade water tank device is Rectangular Water Trough, and built with water, two ends are arranged Rectangular Water Trough in a long side of Rectangular Water Trough
The outside for having block, one end block is provided with screw.
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| CN108782370A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-13 | 山东省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of method that evaluation determinand influences body movement endurance and its special equipment |
| CN111642449A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-11 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Slope-variable water tank for testing swimming capacity of fishes |
| CN112544510A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring swimming capacity of fish passing object in dam |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108782370A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-13 | 山东省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of method that evaluation determinand influences body movement endurance and its special equipment |
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| CN112544510A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring swimming capacity of fish passing object in dam |
| CN114766415A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-07-22 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming capacity monitoring device |
| CN114766415B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-09-06 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming ability monitoring devices |
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