CN113279363A - Intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration and operation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113279363A
CN113279363A CN202110586106.4A CN202110586106A CN113279363A CN 113279363 A CN113279363 A CN 113279363A CN 202110586106 A CN202110586106 A CN 202110586106A CN 113279363 A CN113279363 A CN 113279363A
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fish
fishway
flow
ring
migration
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CN113279363B (en
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戴杰
毛劲乔
戴会超
李晗玫
蒋定国
赵汗青
王康
龚轶青
杨金孟
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China Three Gorges Corp
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones

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Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration and an operation method thereof, wherein the intelligent regulation and control device comprises an upright post arranged in a fishway, the outer side of the upright post is in sliding fit with the inner side of an adjusting ring, the outer side of the adjusting ring is rotationally connected with the inner side of a rotating ring, the outer side of the rotating ring is fixedly connected with a fish attracting rotor wing, the end part of the adjusting ring is connected with one end of a telescopic mechanism, the other end of the telescopic mechanism is fixed on the inner wall of the fishway, and the end part of the rotating ring is in sliding connection with the lower side of an annular rotating shaft of a servo motor through a rotating sleeve; in addition, the invention also discloses a corresponding operation method; the invention can research the fish migration process based on hydrodynamic conditions aiming at different water inlet working conditions and different types of fishways, intelligently regulate and control the water flow in the fishways, promote the fish passing efficiency in the fishways, and better protect the flow state diversity and the habitat diversity.

Description

Intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration and operation method thereof
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of water ecological protection, and particularly relates to an intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration and an operation method thereof.
Background art:
most of the large and medium rivers in the world build reservoirs, including some rivers with rich biodiversity. The reservoir brings convenience for human production and life in the aspects of flood control, power generation, irrigation and the like, but the problems that fishes in rivers and lakes are difficult to realize the upstream tracing and the like are also caused after the rivers are directly intercepted by projects. With the steady advance of ecological civilization construction in recent years, the water control activities in China are also intensively developed towards the direction of ecological protection, and the fishway is continuously paid attention to as an ecological friendly water conservancy measure for helping fish migration, so that the fish passing efficiency of the fishway is improved, and the ecological environment adaptability is good. The fishway is a fish passing facility which can improve the flow state of water flow and reduce the flow speed of water flow through the internal structure (such as holes, seams, clapboards and the like) of the fishway, so that fishes can go up smoothly. However, in the actual use process, due to the lack of knowledge on the aspects of the life habits and migration laws of the fishes, the design and construction operation of the fishway also expose problems, such as difficulty in attracting the fishes to migrate from the fishway, less fish passing amount, low fish passing efficiency and the like. Therefore, how to intelligently regulate and control the fish passing efficiency of the fishway, ensure smooth migration of the fishes, promote good combination of hydraulic engineering and ecological environment is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the whole life cycle of the modern fishway.
At present, measures such as increasing a water replenishing mode, attracting fishes with lamplight, improving a fishway and the like are proposed at home and abroad to lure the fishes to enter the fishway, and an experimental device for attracting fishes and replenishing water at the fishway inlet is introduced in patent CN103452077B, but small vortexes are easily generated by arrangement of a partition plate in the fishway, so that the fishes get lost in the migration process.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides an intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration and an operation method thereof, which can be used for researching the fish migration process based on hydrodynamic conditions aiming at different water inlet working conditions and different types of fishways, intelligently regulating and controlling water flow in the fishway, promoting fish passing efficiency in the fishway, and better protecting flow state diversity and habitat diversity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a fish migration intelligent control device, is including locating the stand in the fishway, the stand outside and the inboard sliding fit of adjustable ring, the adjustable ring outside and the inboard swivelling joint of rotatory ring, rotatory ring outside and attracting rotor fixed connection, the adjustable ring tip is connected with telescopic machanism one end, and the telescopic machanism other end is fixed in the fishway inner wall, rotatory ring tip passes through swivel sleeve and servo motor's annular rotation axis downside sliding connection.
Preferably, the upright post is vertically fixed in the fishway, the surface of the upright post is vertically provided with a guide rail, and the guide rail is in sliding fit with a guide groove vertically formed in the inner side of the adjusting ring.
Preferably, the outer side of the adjusting ring is rotatably connected with the inner side of the rotating ring through a bearing.
Preferably, the bottom of the rotary sleeve is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotary ring, a sliding groove is formed in the inner side of the rotary sleeve, a sliding rail is arranged on the outer side of the annular rotating shaft, the sliding groove is in sliding fit with the sliding rail, a channel in the inner side of the annular rotating shaft is matched with the top of the upright post, and the servo motor is vertically fixed on the top side of the fishway.
Preferably, telescopic machanism is electric putter structure, and its vertical setting is in fishway bottom side, telescopic link and the adjustable ring bottom fixed connection at telescopic machanism top.
Preferably, the upright column is cylindrical, the diameter of the upright column does not exceed 5 percent of the length or width dimension of each fishway, and the height H of the upright columnLSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003087971490000021
wherein HsIs the average water depth H of the fishway sectionmaxIs the maximum water depth H of the fishway sectionavThe average water depth of the water area where the fishway is located is determined, gamma is the maximum water depth influence coefficient of the fishway, and 0.10-0.20 is taken according to the topographic profile of the fishway.
Preferably, the vertical height h of the adjusting ring, the rotating ring and the fish attracting rotor in the fishway1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003087971490000022
wherein V is the cross-sectional flow velocity of the water area of the fishway, VFIs the fish volume, Q is the instantaneous flow of the fishway cross section, HsIs the average water depth t of the fishway section1Is the instantaneous water temperature, t2Is the atmospheric temperature, alpha1Taking 1.15-1.35 as an uncertain coefficient related to the fish species; alpha is alpha2The air temperature correction coefficient is 0.90-0.98.
Preferably, a flow velocity monitoring device and a temperature monitoring device are further arranged at positions close to the fish attracting rotor wings, the flow velocity monitoring device comprises a flow velocity meter and a fixing support matched with the flow velocity meter, and the fixing support is fixed on the inner wall of the fishway; the temperature monitoring device comprises an alcohol thermometer and a mercury thermometer, wherein the alcohol thermometer is used for measuring water temperature, the mercury thermometer is used for measuring air temperature, and the alcohol thermometer and the mercury thermometer are fixed on the side wall of the fishway through a thermometer fixing frame.
Preferably, attracting the fish rotor periphery and still being equipped with the protection screen panel, the protection screen panel passes through the connecting rod to be installed in the adjustable ring tip, and the protection screen panel is optimal to set for mesh diameter D and is:
Figure BDA0003087971490000023
wherein Q isaThe average annual incoming flow rate of the upstream fishway, VhThe flow velocity of the target fish in the upstream is determined, k is an uncertain coefficient, and the range is 0.2-0.3 determined by prototype observation and model experiments.
In addition, the invention also discloses an operation method of the intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the regulating device is installed at the intersection of each section of pool chamber inlet and the main stream in the fishway, according to the flow rate monitoring device, the temperature monitoring device and the target fish, the formula is passed
Figure BDA0003087971490000024
Calculating migration favorite water depth of the target fish, and adjusting the height of the adjusting ring through the expansion and contraction of the expansion mechanism so as to adjust the rotating ring and the fish luring rotor wing to a specified height;
s2, when the flow velocity v of the incoming water at the upstream of the fishway is less than the flow velocity threshold vlDuring the time, the flow rate is less than the perception threshold value of fish in the fish way, and fish is lost the direction easily, and the influence is traced back, starts servo motor, and its annular rotation axis drives rotatory sleeve rotatory, and then drives rotatory ring and lures the fish rotor and rotate together, adjusts servo motor's rotational speed, and the fish rotor that lures at this moment begins with rotational speed omega rotation work, wherein
Figure BDA0003087971490000031
In the formula: q is the upstream water flow of the fishway, HsIs the average water depth of the fishway section WsAverage width of fishway cross section, VhTaking the upstream speed of the target fish, wherein mu is an uncertain coefficient, and taking 0.55-0.75 according to experimental determination;
the flow velocity of water flow around the fish attracting rotary wing is accelerated under the driving action of the blades, the flow velocity is different from the overall low flow velocity in the fishway, the favorite flow velocity of the fishes is formed, and the fishes find the main flow position in the fishway according to the self biological habits and migrate upwards;
s3, when the upstream water inflow of the fishway is large, the internal flow rate of the fishway is high, and the upstream water inflow flow rate v is larger than the flow rate threshold value vlWhen the vortex-eliminating device is used, turbulence is large, adverse effect is generated on fish migration in the environment, the servo motor is turned off, the fish attracting rotor wings stop working, the upright posts and the fish attracting rotor wings serve as vortex-eliminating facilities, and turbulent fluctuation of water flow in a fishway is reducedThe migration resistance of the fishes is reduced, and the fish passing efficiency is improved;
and S4, based on the steps S1-S3, if the target fish school is changed during the operation of the fishway, recalculating based on each physical quantity, and adjusting the height of the adjusting ring to a specified height by stretching and contracting the stretching mechanism according to the changed fish school type so as to adjust the rotating ring and the fish attracting rotor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial technical effects:
1. the device is formed in a modularized mode, is convenient to overhaul and maintain and low in cost, and reduces frequent operation in actual operation.
2. The device provided by the invention is based on the premise of meeting the fish luring purpose under the condition of complex water flow, and when the flow of incoming water is reduced, the device can form a local fish luring water flow with higher flow rate; when the flow of the incoming water is increased, the device can be used as a vortex-eliminating facility, and has good adaptability to frequent flow changes caused by scheduling.
3. The device can conveniently adjust the start and stop of the fish luring rotor wing and the water depth of the fish luring rotor wing, and can play an intelligent regulation and control role in aiming at different water supply working conditions and different fish migration.
4. The invention has small volume, does not influence the original habitat in the fishway, and has good fish luring effect to protect the diversity of river aquatic organisms.
5. The invention can research the fish migration process based on hydrodynamic conditions aiming at different water inlet working conditions and different types of fishways, intelligently regulate and control the water flow in the fishways, promote the fish passing efficiency in the fishways, and better protect the flow state diversity and the habitat diversity.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a front view structure of a fish migration intelligent control device in a fishway;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 showing the engagement of the rotating shaft with the shaft and the rotating sleeve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2 with a protective mesh cover added
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the arrangement of the device of the present invention in a fishway.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the device according to the invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings by way of specific examples, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the examples.
As shown in fig. 1-5, an intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration comprises a vertical column 1 arranged in a fishway, wherein the outer side of the vertical column 1 is in sliding fit with the inner side of an adjusting ring 2, the outer side of the adjusting ring 2 is in rotating connection with the inner side of a rotating ring 3, the outer side of the rotating ring 3 is fixedly connected with a fish luring rotor 4, the end part of the adjusting ring 2 is connected with one end of a telescopic mechanism 5, the other end of the telescopic mechanism 5 is fixed on the inner wall of the fishway, and the end part of the rotating ring 3 is in sliding connection with the lower side of an annular rotating shaft 8 of a servo motor 7 through a rotating sleeve 6.
Preferably, the upright post 1 is vertically fixed in the fishway, the surface of the upright post 1 is vertically provided with a guide rail 9, and the guide rail 9 is in sliding fit with a guide groove vertically formed in the inner side of the adjusting ring 2.
Preferably, the outside of said adjusting ring 2 is rotatably connected to the inside of the rotating ring 3 by means of a bearing 14.
Preferably, the bottom of the rotating sleeve 6 is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotating ring 3, a sliding groove 6.1 is formed in the inner side of the rotating sleeve 6, a sliding rail 8.1 is arranged on the outer side of the annular rotating shaft 8, the sliding groove 6.1 is in sliding fit with the sliding rail 8.1, a channel 8.2 in the inner side of the annular rotating shaft 8 is matched with the top of the upright post 1, and the servo motor 7 is vertically fixed on the top side of the fishway.
Preferably, telescopic machanism 5 is electric putter structure, and its vertical setting is in the fishway bottom side, telescopic link 5.1 and the 2 bottom fixed connection of adjustable ring at telescopic machanism 5 top.
Preferably, the upright column 1 is cylindrical, the diameter of the upright column does not exceed 5 percent of the length or width dimension of each fishway, and the height H of the upright columnLSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003087971490000041
wherein HsIs the average water depth of the section of the fishway,Hmaxis the maximum water depth H of the fishway sectionavThe average water depth of the water area where the fishway is located is determined, gamma is the maximum water depth influence coefficient of the fishway, and 0.10-0.20 is taken according to the topographic profile of the fishway.
Preferably, the vertical height h of the adjusting ring 2, the rotating ring 3 and the fish attracting rotor 4 in the fishway1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003087971490000042
wherein V is the cross-sectional flow velocity of the water area of the fishway, VFIs the fish volume, Q is the instantaneous flow of the fishway cross section, HsIs the average water depth t of the fishway section1Is the instantaneous water temperature, t2Is the atmospheric temperature, alpha1Taking 1.15-1.35 as an uncertain coefficient related to the fish species; alpha is alpha2The air temperature correction coefficient is 0.90-0.98.
Preferably, a flow rate monitoring device 10 and a temperature monitoring device 11 are further arranged at positions close to the fish attracting rotor wings 4, the flow rate monitoring device 10 comprises a flow meter 10.1 and a fixing support 10.2 matched with the flow meter, and the fixing support 10.2 is fixed on the inner wall of the fishway; the temperature monitoring device 11 comprises an alcohol thermometer 11.1 for measuring water temperature and a mercury thermometer 11.2 for measuring air temperature, and the alcohol thermometer 11.1 and the mercury thermometer 11.2 are fixed on the side wall of the fishway through thermometer fixing frames 11.3.
Preferably, attracting rotor 4 periphery still is equipped with protecting net cover 12, and protecting net cover 12 passes through connecting rod 13 to be installed in adjustable ring 2 tip, and protecting net cover 12 optimal setting mesh diameter D does:
Figure BDA0003087971490000051
wherein Q isaThe average annual incoming flow rate of the upstream fishway, VhThe flow velocity of the target fish in the upstream is determined, k is an uncertain coefficient, and the range is 0.2-0.3 determined by prototype observation and model experiments.
In addition, the invention also discloses an operation method of the intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the regulating device is arranged at the intersection of each section of pool chamber inlet and the main stream in the fishway, and the flow velocity monitoring device 10, the temperature monitoring device 11 and the target fish are obtained through a formula
Figure BDA0003087971490000052
Calculating migration favorite water depth of the target fish, and adjusting the height of the adjusting ring 2 through the expansion of the expansion mechanism 5 so as to adjust the rotating ring 3 and the fish luring rotor 4 to a specified height;
s2, when the flow velocity v of the incoming water at the upstream of the fishway is less than the flow velocity threshold vlDuring the time, the flow rate is less than the perception threshold value of fish in the fish way, and fish is lost the direction easily, and the influence is traced to the beginning, starts servo motor 7, and its annular rotation axle 8 drives rotatory sleeve 6 rotatory, and then drives rotatory ring 3 and lures fish rotor 4 and rotate together, adjusts servo motor 7's rotational speed, and luring fish rotor 4 this moment and begin to rotate work with rotational speed omega, wherein
Figure BDA0003087971490000053
In the formula: q is the upstream water flow of the fishway, HsIs the average water depth of the fishway section WsAverage width of fishway cross section, VhTaking the upstream speed of the target fish, wherein mu is an uncertain coefficient, and taking 0.55-0.75 according to experimental determination;
the flow velocity of water flow around the fish attracting rotary wing 4 is accelerated under the driving action of the blades, the flow velocity is different from the overall low flow velocity in the fishway, the favorite flow velocity of the fishes is formed, and the fishes find the main flow position in the fishway according to the self biological habits and migrate upwards;
s3, when the upstream water inflow of the fishway is large, the internal flow rate of the fishway is high, and the upstream water inflow flow rate v is larger than the flow rate threshold value vlWhen the vortex-eliminating device is used, turbulence is large, adverse effect is generated on fish migration in the environment, the servo motor 7 is turned off, the fish attracting rotor wings 4 stop working, the upright posts 1 and the fish attracting rotor wings 4 serve as vortex-eliminating facilities, turbulent flow of water flow in a fishway is reduced, and fishes are reducedMigration resistance, and fish passing efficiency is improved;
and S4, based on the steps S1-S3, if the target fish school is changed during the operation of the fishway, recalculating the target fish school based on the physical quantities, and adjusting the height of the adjusting ring 2 by the expansion and contraction of the expansion and contraction mechanism 5 according to the changed fish school type, so as to adjust the rotating ring 3 and the fish attracting rotor 4 to the designated height.
This example provides two specific experimental examples:
example item one: taking a fishway field experiment of a small hydropower station in the middle as an example, the fishway of the hydropower station is of a partition plate type, and the main structure of the fishway is provided with a rest room, a pool room and a transverse partition plate; a layer of pebbles and fish-luring aquatic plants are paved on a bottom plate at the bottom of the fishway, and a front transverse baffle and a rear transverse baffle for energy dissipation are arranged at an upstream inlet and a downstream outlet.
The net width of the fish pond rest room is 2m, and the net length is 6 m; the width of the pool chamber is 2m, and the length is 3 m. The designed water depth of the fishway is 1.3 m. The height of the column of the device is calculated according to the formula given in the claims:
Figure BDA0003087971490000061
the total fishway length L satisfies the following formula:
L＝n(l+d)+m(△l+d)
wherein n is the number of fishway chambers, l is the net length of the fishway chambers, d is the thickness of the partition plate, m is the number of the rest tanks, and delta l is the net length of the rest tanks.
And (4) obtaining migration data in order to observe the migration effect of the fishes clearly. The fish monitoring system is passed to fish has been adopted in this device test phase, and this system adopts the mode that grating sensor and camera video monitoring combined together, quantity and the efficiency of show fish migration that can be more clear.
The use idea of the fish passing monitoring system is as follows: on one hand, grating sensors are arranged on wing walls on two sides of the fishway, and the fish passing quantity is monitored in real time through an optical principle. Count when certain light source shelters from appears, set up 1 of its effective count and need satisfy:
Figure BDA0003087971490000062
wherein, L is the length of the grating along the water flow direction, and Deltat is the time of the grating sensor being shielded. On the other hand, in the experimental field, the camera is assumed to shoot the fish passing objects in the fishway, the type of the migratory fish can be specifically seen, the local dominant fish is grass carp, so the example takes grass carp as an example, and the installation height of the fish luring rotor wing at a certain moment is as follows:
Figure BDA0003087971490000063
in the experimental process, the water flow and the flow velocity in the fishway are measured through the flow velocity meter, and the water flow characteristics of the fishes are determined when the passing efficiency is high.
The experimental procedure was divided into a regular run (i.e. no addition of equipment) and a post-addition equipment run, where the addition equipment and the monitoring system are indicated in the point locations. A comparison of the two operating phases at different flow rates is shown in Table I and Table II.
TABLE I flow Q ═ 1.21m3S; flow velocity v is 0.41m/s
Figure BDA0003087971490000071
TABLE II flow Q2.69 m3S; flow velocity v is 0.91m/s
Figure BDA0003087971490000072
As shown in table I, table II, through the field experiment of power station fishway, this device all has the promotion of different degree to crossing fish efficiency under the rivers condition of difference, and the promotion efficiency reaches about 30% when the velocity of flow is in the speed of flow of fish hobby, has positive influence to the migration of fish, and is more obvious to the promotion efficiency of dominant shoal of fish grass carp.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and equivalents including technical features described in the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a fish migration intelligent control device, is including locating stand (1) in the fishway, its characterized in that: the fish attracting device is characterized in that the outer side of the upright post (1) is in sliding fit with the inner side of the adjusting ring (2), the outer side of the adjusting ring (2) is in rotating connection with the inner side of the rotating ring (3), the outer side of the rotating ring (3) is fixedly connected with the fish attracting rotor (4), the end part of the adjusting ring (2) is connected with one end of a telescopic mechanism (5), the other end of the telescopic mechanism (5) is fixed on the inner wall of a fishway, and the end part of the rotating ring (3) is in sliding connection with the lower side of an annular rotating shaft (8) of a servo motor (7) through a rotating sleeve (6).
2. The intelligent regulation and control device of fish migration of claim 1, wherein: in stand (1) vertical is fixed in the fishway, stand (1) surface vertical is equipped with guide rail (9), guide rail (9) and the vertical guide slot sliding fit who offers of adjustable ring (2) inboard.
3. The intelligent regulation and control device of fish migration of claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the adjusting ring (2) is rotatably connected with the inner side of the rotating ring (3) through a bearing (14).
4. The intelligent regulation and control device of fish migration of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the rotating sleeve (6) is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotating ring (3), a sliding groove (6.1) is formed in the inner side of the rotating sleeve (6), a sliding rail (8.1) is arranged on the outer side of the annular rotating shaft (8), the sliding groove (6.1) is in sliding fit with the sliding rail (8.1), a channel (8.2) in the inner side of the annular rotating shaft (8) is matched with the top of the upright post (1), and the servo motor (7) is vertically fixed on the top side of the fishway.
5. The intelligent regulation and control device of fish migration of claim 1, wherein: telescopic machanism (5) are electric putter structure, and its vertical setting is in the fishway bottom side, telescopic link (5.1) and adjustable ring (2) bottom fixed connection at telescopic machanism (5) top.
6. The intelligent regulation and control device of fish migration of claim 1, wherein: the upright column (1) is cylindrical, the diameter of the upright column does not exceed 5 percent of the length or width of each grade of fishway, and the height H of the upright columnLSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure FDA0003087971480000011
wherein HsIs the average water depth H of the fishway sectionmaxIs the maximum water depth H of the fishway sectionavThe average water depth of the water area where the fishway is located is determined, gamma is the maximum water depth influence coefficient of the fishway, and 0.10-0.20 is taken according to the topographic profile of the fishway.
7. The intelligent regulation and control device of fish migration of claim 2, wherein: the vertical height h of the adjusting ring (2), the rotating ring (3) and the fish attracting rotor (4) in the fishway1Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003087971480000012
wherein V is the cross-sectional flow velocity of the water area of the fishway, VFIs the fish volume, Q is the instantaneous flow of the fishway cross section, HsIs the average water depth t of the fishway section1Is the instantaneous water temperature, t2Is the atmospheric temperature, alpha1Taking 1.15-1.35 as an uncertain coefficient related to the fish species; alpha is alpha2The air temperature correction coefficient is 0.90-0.98.
8. The intelligent regulation and control device of fish migration of claim 1, wherein: a flow rate monitoring device (10) and a temperature monitoring device (11) are further arranged at a position close to the fish attracting rotor wing (4), the flow rate monitoring device (10) comprises a flow meter (10.1) and a fixing support (10.2) matched with the flow meter, and the fixing support (10.2) is fixed on the inner wall of the fishway; the temperature monitoring device (11) comprises an alcohol thermometer (11.1) and a mercury thermometer (11.2), wherein the alcohol thermometer (11.1) is used for measuring water temperature, the mercury thermometer (11.2) is used for measuring air temperature, and the alcohol thermometer (11.1) and the mercury thermometer (11.2) are fixed on the side wall of the fishway through a thermometer fixing frame (11.3).
9. The intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration according to claim 1, wherein a protective mesh enclosure (12) is further arranged at the periphery of the fish luring rotor (4), the protective mesh enclosure (12) is installed at the end part of the adjusting ring (2) through a connecting rod (13), and the optimal setting mesh diameter D of the protective mesh enclosure (12) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003087971480000021
wherein Q isaThe average annual incoming flow rate of the upstream fishway, VhThe flow velocity of the target fish in the upstream is determined, k is an uncertain coefficient, and the range is 0.2-0.3 determined by prototype observation and model experiments.
10. An operation method of the intelligent regulation and control device for fish migration of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: it comprises the following steps:
s1, the regulating device is arranged at the intersection of each section of pool chamber inlet and the main stream in the fishway, and the regulation device passes through a formula according to the flow velocity monitoring device (10), the temperature monitoring device (11) and the target fish
Figure FDA0003087971480000022
Calculating migration favorite water depth of the target fish, changing the height of the adjusting ring (2) through the expansion of the expansion mechanism (5), and further adjusting the rotating ring (3) and the fish luring rotor wing (4) to a specified height;
s2, when the flow velocity v of the incoming water at the upstream of the fishway is less than the flow velocity threshold vlWhen the flow rate in the fishway is lower than that of the fishPerception threshold value of class, the easy lost direction of fish, the influence is traced to the beginning, starts servo motor (7), and its annular rotation axis (8) drive rotatory sleeve (6) rotatory, and then drive rotatory ring (3) and lure fish rotor (4) to rotate together, adjusts servo motor's (7) rotational speed, and lure fish rotor (4) this moment to begin with rotational speed omega rotation work, wherein
Figure FDA0003087971480000023
In the formula: q is the upstream water flow of the fishway, HsIs the average water depth of the fishway section WsAverage width of fishway cross section, VhTaking the upstream speed of the target fish, wherein mu is an uncertain coefficient, and taking 0.55-0.75 according to experimental determination;
the flow velocity of water flow around the fish attracting rotary wing (4) is accelerated under the driving action of the blades, the flow velocity is different from the overall low flow velocity in the fishway, the favorite flow velocity of the fishes is formed, and the fishes find the main flow position in the fishway according to the self biological habits and migrate upwards;
s3, when the upstream water inflow of the fishway is large, the internal flow rate of the fishway is high, and the upstream water inflow flow rate v is larger than the flow rate threshold value vlWhen the vortex shedding device is used, turbulence is large, adverse effects are generated on fish migration in the environment, the servo motor (7) is turned off, the fish attracting rotor wing (4) stops working, and the upright post (1) and the fish attracting rotor wing (4) serve as vortex shedding facilities, so that turbulent flow of water flow in a fish way is reduced, fish migration resistance is reduced, and fish passing efficiency is improved;
and S4, based on the steps S1-S3, if the target fish school is changed during the operation of the fishway, recalculating the target fish school based on the physical quantities, and adjusting the height of the adjusting ring (2) by the expansion and contraction of the expansion and contraction mechanism (5) according to the changed fish school type so as to adjust the rotating ring (3) and the fish attracting rotor (4) to the designated height.
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CN115162291B (en) * 2022-07-20 2024-05-10 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 Fishway back-stream water flow control structure

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