CN111423226A - 一种永磁铁氧体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种永磁铁氧体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical group OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004227 calcium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于磁材料领域,公开了一种永磁铁氧体,包含分子式为A1‑x‑yCaxLayFe2n‑zMzO19的铁氧体主相,其中,A为Sr或/和Ba,M为Ni和Zn中的至少一种与Co的组合;x,y,z表示各主要金属元素的添加摩尔量,x的取值范围为0.3‑0.42,y的取值范围为0.35‑0.5,z的取值范围为0.20‑0.3,n的取值范围为5.50‑5.79;所述永磁铁氧体还包括添加相,所述添加相为含B、Si、Ca、La、Co或Sr等元素的化合物。所述永磁铁氧体各项磁性能优异。本发明还公开了所述永磁铁氧体的制备方法,在制备中采用高速研磨技术,不影响永磁铁氧体性能的同时,可以大大缩短生产时间,提高生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于磁材料领域,具体涉及一种永磁铁氧体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
铁氧体一般分为永磁、软磁、矩磁、旋磁和压磁铁氧体等五类。永磁铁氧体因其优异的性能,广泛地应用于电子、信息、摩托车、汽车、电动工具等行业。
永磁铁氧体的最终磁性能,一般是由剩磁(Br),内禀矫顽力(HcJ)来衡量。其中,高性能永磁铁氧体通常是指具有较高的剩余磁感应强度和较强的抗退磁性能。
铁氧体是以氧化铁和Sr或Ba的碳酸盐为原料,用粉末冶金法制造而成。随着各种电机向轻量、小型化、高效率化方向发展,对其永磁铁氧体的制备工艺和性能提出了更高的要求,要求磁体体积越来越小,综合磁性能更高。La、La-Co、Ca-La-Co等稀土元素的掺杂取代能大幅度提高磁材料的内禀属性。但矫顽力HcJ等性能不仅与掺杂有关,而且与晶粒的微观形貌有关,而粉末细化后的平均粒度及粒度分布影响着铁氧体晶粒形貌。目前传统制备工艺是配料、一次球磨、烘干、一次预烧、二次预烧、二次球磨、压制生胚、烧结,效率低,尤其是二次磨球采用的是低速长时的磨球方式,磨球时间为3小时及以上,不仅耗时长,生产效率低下,而且影响颗粒分布,不易实现理想的磨料效果,制得的永磁铁氧体的综合磁性能无法达到要求。
因此,希望提供有一种永磁铁氧体及其制备方法,使得永磁铁氧体具有优异的综合磁性能,且可以提高生产效率。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种永磁铁氧体,具有优异的综合磁性能,且可以提高生产效率,节省生产成本。
一种永磁铁氧体,包含分子式为A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19的铁氧体主相,其中,A为Sr或/和Ba,M为Ni和Zn中的至少一种与Co的组合;x,y,z表示各主要金属元素的添加摩尔量,x的取值范围为0.3-0.42,y的取值范围为0.35-0.5,z的取值范围为0.20-0.3,n为的取值范围5.50-5.79;所述永磁铁氧体还包括添加相,所述添加相为含B、Si、Ca、La、Co或Sr等元素的化合物。
在现有技术的基础上减少Ca与Fe的摩尔量,增加La的摩尔量,增加稀土元素La的量和稀土元素所占的比例,可提升永磁铁氧体的内禀矫顽力HcJ;同时在制备中采用高速研磨,可获得较好的粒径分布,制得的永磁铁氧体的综合磁性能强。
优选的,x的取值范围为0.35-0.42,y的取值范围为0.35-0.45,z的取值范围为0.20-0.28,n的取值范围为5.55-5.79。
优选的,x的取值为0.4,y的取值为0.45,z的取值为0.25,n的取值为5.70。
优选的,所述铁氧体主相占所述永磁铁氧体的质量的85%-99%。
优选的,所述添加相为H3BO3、SiO2、CaCO3、La2O3、Co3O4或SrCO3中的至少一种。在铁氧体主相的基础上,通过添加相的加入,既可以控制晶粒的生长,也可以对永磁铁氧体的综合磁性能进行调整。
优选的,所述添加相占所述铁氧体主相的质量百分比分别为:
进一步优选的,所述添加相占所述铁氧体主相的质量百分比分别为:
一种永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配料:按分子式为A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19的铁氧体主相配制主料粉末,称取添加相,将所述主料粉末与所述添加相粉末混合,加入水,研磨,得一次浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)所得一次浆料烘干,预烧,破碎,得破碎粉;
(3)取步骤(2)所得破碎粉,再次加入添加相和分散剂,混合,加入研磨介质,研磨,得二次浆料;
(4)将步骤(3)所得二次浆料脱水,并在磁场中进行压制生坯,烧结,即得所述永磁铁氧体;
步骤(3)中研磨的转速为2000-3500r/m,研磨的时间为25-60min;优选的,步骤(3)中研磨的转速为2500-3500r/m,研磨的时间为35-60min。
采用高速研磨短时的研磨方式,在制备中大大提升了生产效率,节省了人力成本;同时,通过高速研磨,本发明所述浆料中颗粒在平均粒径基本一致的情况下,粒径分布更分散,在后续加压、加磁场压制过程中,小粒径颗粒能更好的占据空隙,使得制得的永磁铁氧体质地更紧密,抗退磁性能更强。
步骤(3)中研磨中采用的研磨介质的直径为0.5-0.9mm;优选的,步骤(3)中研磨中采用的研磨介质的直径为0.6-0.8mm。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述二次浆料的粒径为0.5-0.68um;进一步优选的,步骤(3)中所述二次浆料的粒径为0.6-0.68um。
步骤(1)所述添加相和步骤(3)所述的添加相包括Al2O3、Cr2O3、H3BO3、SiO2、CaCO3、La2O3、Co3O4或SrCO3中的至少一种。所述添加相的平均粒度不超过2.0um。
步骤(1)所述添加相和步骤(3)所述的添加相分别占所述铁氧体主相的质量百分比为:Al2O3 0-1.0%,Cr2O3 0-1.0%,H3BO3 0-0.5%,SiO2 0-1.0%,CaCO3 0.1-1.2%,La2O3 0-1.0%,Co3O4 0-1.0%,SrCO3 0-0.8%。
步骤(3)中所述分散剂为葡萄糖酸钙、聚乙烯醇或山梨糖醇中的至少一种。所述分散剂的添加量为所述永磁铁氧体得总重量的0.3-1.0%;优选的,所述分散剂的添加量为所述永磁铁氧体得总重量的0.5-0.8%。
步骤(4)中脱水至含水率为25-35%。
步骤(4)中压制的压强为7.5-10MPa,取向磁场的强度为5-15kOe;
步骤(4)中烧结的过程是将所述生坯在1000-1300℃下的空气氧化性氛围中进行烧结得到成品,烧结时间为0.5-3小时,升温速率为30-180℃/h。
所述永磁铁氧体在电子、信息领域的应用。
所述永磁铁氧体在半导体领域的应用。
在研究中发现,永磁铁氧体的矫顽力HcJ等性能参数不仅与稀土元素的掺杂有关,也与晶粒的微观形貌密切相关,粉末细化后的平均粒度及粒度分布等对铁氧体晶粒形貌有重要影响。现有技术中,在原材料不调整的情况下,采用高速研磨的方式生产永磁铁氧体,高速研磨使得颗粒粒径分布改变,研磨会在一定程度上影响永磁铁氧体的磁性能。为了既能提高生产效率,又能进一步提升永磁铁氧体的性能,就必须对原材料和制备方法进行同步调整,制备出各项性能优异的永磁铁氧体,以提高电机整机的性能。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明通过合理调整Ca、Fe和稀土元素的摩尔量,制得的永磁铁氧体各项磁性能优异,剩余磁感应强度(Br)达到453mT、矫顽力(Hcb)达到355KA/m、内秉矫顽力(HcJ)达到465KA/m、最大磁能积(BH)max达到41.2KJ/m3、矩形比(Hk/HcJ)为0.96,综合性能优异。
(2)所述永磁铁氧体在制备中采用高速研磨技术,在不影响永磁铁氧体性能的同时,可以大大缩短生产时间,提高生产效率。
具体实施方式
为了让本领域技术人员更加清楚明白本发明所述技术方案,现列举以下实施例进行说明。需要指出的是,以下实施例对本发明要求的保护范围不构成限制作用。
实施例1
本实施例提供的永磁铁氧体包括A,La,Ca,Fe和M等元素的六角型铁氧体主相,并具有以下特征的分子式:A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19,其中,A为Ba与Sr组合,M为Ni与Co的组合,X的取值为0.4,y为0.45,z为0.25,n为5.70。即本实施例提供的永磁铁氧体的特征分子式为(Sr0.1Ba0.05)Ca0.4La0.45Fe11.15(Ni0.05Co0.2)O19。
选用铁氧体主相的原料如下:
Fe2O3粉末(纯度≥99.3%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.75um);
SrCO3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um);
La2O3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2.0um);
Co3O4粉末(纯度≥99.3%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.8um);
CaCO3粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2um);
ZnO粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um)。
称取添加相的原料如下:
其各组分占铁氧体主相原料的重量百分比为:H3BO3 0-0.5%,SiO2 0-1.0%,CaCO3 0.1%-1.2%,La2O3 0-1.0%,Co3O4 0-1.0%,SrCO3 0-0.8%。
分别称取上述原材料在行星式湿法球磨机中进行混合研磨,研磨时在球磨机中加入直径为6mm的钢球以及水,其中水、料粉以及钢球的重量比为水:料粉:钢球=1:1:8;在球磨机中进行混合搅拌0.5-5小时。随后进行烘干,烘干温度为105℃-125℃;在空气中进行预烧,预烧温度为1290℃,保温时间为60min,获得颗粒状预烧料。
对所得的预烧料在粉碎机中进行30秒初粉碎,粉碎后的平均粒度小于5um,优选为2-3um之间。称取按上述方法产生的粗粉碎材料500g,添加0.4%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙,和占铁氧体主相原料的重量百分比为0.3%的SiO2以及0.4%的CaCO3,再添加600毫升的纯水作为溶剂。
在高速砂磨机中分别进行40分钟研磨,湿法研磨后的浆料颗粒的平均粒度为0.72um。高速卧式砂磨机采用钢球作为研磨介质,设定转速为2500r/m。高速砂磨之后,对成型用料浆进行含水量调整,料浆的固含量调整为70%,然后进行磁场成型,在压制的同时,在压制方向施加10KOe的成型磁场。所得成型体是直径为30mm,高度为16mm的圆柱体,成型压强为7.5MPa。
在200℃-400℃的温度对成型体进行热处理,彻底去除有机分散剂,然后在空气气氛下进行烧结,升温速度是3℃/min,在1180℃保温1.5小时,获得烧结永磁铁氧体。
实施例2
本实施例提供的永磁铁氧体包括A,La,Ca,Fe和M等元素的六角型铁氧体主相,并具有以下特征的分子式:A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19,其中,A为Ba与Sr组合,M为Ni与Co的组合,X的取值为0.4,y为0.45,z为0.25,n为5.70。即本实施例提供的永磁铁氧体的特征分子式为(Sr0.12Ba0.03)Ca0.4La0.45Fe11.15(Zn0.05Co0.20)O19。
选用铁氧体主相的原料如下:
Fe2O3粉末(纯度≥99.3%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.75um);
SrCO3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um);
La2O3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2.0um);
Co3O4粉末(纯度≥99.3%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.8um);
CaCO3粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2um);
ZnO粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um)。
称取添加相的原料如下:
其各组分占铁氧体主相原料的重量百分比为:H3BO3 0.5%,SiO2 0.1%,CaCO30.5%,La2O30.6%,Co3O4 0.5%,SrCO3 0.5%。
分别称取上述原材料在行星式湿法球磨机中进行混合研磨,研磨时在球磨机中加入直径为6mm的钢球以及水,其中水、料粉以及钢球的重量比为水:料粉:钢球=1:1:8;在球磨机中进行混合搅拌0.5-5小时。随后进行烘干,烘干温度为105℃-125℃;在空气中进行预烧,预烧温度为1290℃,保温时间为60min,获得颗粒状预烧料。
对所得的预烧料在粉碎机中进行30秒初粉碎,粉碎后的平均粒度小于5um,优选为2-3um之间。称取按上述方法产生的粗粉碎材料500g,添加0.4%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙,和占铁氧体主相原料的重量百分比为0.7%的H3BO3,0.3%的SiO2以及0.4%的CaCO3,再添加600毫升的纯水作为溶剂。
在高速砂磨机中分别进行60分钟研磨,湿法研磨后的浆料颗粒的平均粒度为0.65um。高速卧式砂磨机采用钢球作为研磨介质,设定转速为2500r/m。高速砂磨之后,对成型用料浆进行含水量调整,料浆的固含量调整为70%,然后进行磁场成型,在压制的同时,在压制方向施加10KOe的成型磁场。所得成型体是直径为30mm,高度为16mm的圆柱体,成型压强为7.5MPa。
在200℃-400℃的温度对成型体进行热处理,彻底去除有机分散剂,然后在空气气氛下进行烧结,升温速度是3℃/min,在1180℃保温1.5小时,获得烧结永磁铁氧体。
实施例3
本实施例提供的永磁铁氧体包括A,La,Ca,Fe和M等元素的六角型铁氧体主相,并具有以下特征的分子式:A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19,其中,A为Ba与Sr组合,M为Ni与Co的组合,X的取值为0.35,y为0.35,z为0.20,n为5.70。即本实施例提供的永磁铁氧体的特征分子式为(Sr0.15Ba0.15)Ca0.35La0.35Fe11.2(Ni0.05Co0.15)O19。
选用铁氧体主相的原料如下:
Fe2O3粉末(纯度≥99.3%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.75um);
SrCO3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um);
La2O3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2.0um);
Co3O4粉末(纯度≥99.3%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.8um);
CaCO3粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2um);
ZnO粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um)。
称取添加相的原料如下:
其各组分占铁氧体主相原料的重量百分比为:H3BO3 0-0.5%,SiO2 0-1.0%,CaCO3 0.1%-1.2%,La2O3 0-1.0%,Co3O4 0-1.0%,SrCO3 0-0.8%。
分别称取上述原材料在行星式湿法球磨机中进行混合研磨,研磨时在球磨机中加入直径为6mm的钢球以及水,其中水、料粉以及钢球的重量比为水:料粉:钢球=1:1:8;在球磨机中进行混合搅拌0.5-5小时。随后进行烘干,烘干温度为105℃-125℃;在空气中进行预烧,预烧温度为1290℃,保温时间为60min,获得颗粒状预烧料。
对所得的预烧料在粉碎机中进行30秒初粉碎,粉碎后的平均粒度小于5um,优选为2-3um之间。称取按上述方法产生的粗粉碎材料500g,添加0.4%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙,和占铁氧体主相原料的重量百分比为0.3%的SiO2以及0.4%的CaCO3,再添加600毫升的纯水作为溶剂。
在高速砂磨机中分别进行60分钟研磨,湿法研磨后的浆料颗粒的平均粒度为0.64um。高速卧式砂磨机采用钢球作为研磨介质,设定转速为2500r/m。高速砂磨之后,对成型用料浆进行含水量调整,料浆的固含量调整为70%,然后进行磁场成型,在压制的同时,在压制方向施加10KOe的成型磁场。所得成型体是直径为30mm,高度为16mm的圆柱体,成型压强为7.5MPa。
在200℃-400℃的温度对成型体进行热处理,彻底去除有机分散剂,然后在空气气氛下进行烧结,升温速度是3℃/min,在1180℃保温1.5小时,获得烧结永磁铁氧体。
实施例4
本实施例提供的永磁铁氧体包括A,La,Ca,Fe和M等元素的六角型铁氧体主相,并具有以下特征的分子式:A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19,其中,A为Ba与Sr组合,M为Ni与Co的组合,X的取值为0.4,y为0.45,z为0.25,n为5.70。即本实施例提供的M型钙镧钴永磁铁氧体的特征分子式为(Sr0.12Ba0.03)Ca0.4La0.45Fe11.15(Zn0.05Co0.20)O19。
配料工序选用主料的原料如下:
Fe2O3粉末(纯度≥99.3wt%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.75um);
SrCO3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um);
La2O3粉末(纯度≥99%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2.0um);
Co3O4粉末(纯度≥99.3%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:0.8um);
CaCO3粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:2um);
ZnO粉末(纯度≥99.9%、颗粒的原始平均粒度:1.0um);
称取添加相的原料如下:
其各组分占铁氧体主相原料的重量百分比为:H3BO3 0-0.5%,SiO2 0-1.0%,CaCO3 0.1%-1.2%,La2O3 0-1.0%,Co3O4 0-1.0%,SrCO3 0-0.8%。
分别称取上述原材料在行星式湿法球磨机中进行混合研磨,研磨时在球磨机中加入直径为6mm的钢球以及水,其中水、料粉以及钢球的重量比为水:料粉:钢球=1:1:8;在球磨机中进行混合搅拌0.5-5小时。随后进行烘干,烘干温度为105-125℃;在空气中进行预烧,预烧温度为1290℃,保温时间为60min,获得颗粒状预烧料。
对所得的预烧料在粉碎机中进行30秒初粉碎,粉碎后的平均粒度小于5um,优选为2-3um之间。称取按上述方法产生的粗粉碎材料500g,添加0.4wt%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙,0.3wt%的SiO2以及0.4%的CaCO3,再添加600毫升的纯水作为溶剂,
在高速砂磨机中分别进行60分钟研磨,湿法研磨后的浆料颗粒的平均粒度为0.63um。高速卧式砂磨机采用钢球作为研磨介质,设定转速为2500r/m。高速砂磨之后,对成型用料浆进行含水量调整,料浆的固含量调整为70%,然后进行磁场成型,在压制的同时,在压制方向施加10KOe的成型磁场。所得成型体是直径为30mm,高度为16mm的圆柱体,成型压强为7.5MPa。
在200℃--400℃的温度对成型体进行热处理,彻底去除有机分散剂,然后在空气气氛下进行烧结,升温速度是3℃/min,在1180℃保温1.5小时,获得烧结永磁铁氧体。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例4的配方和原料相同,但将实施例4中在高速砂磨机中的研磨步骤改为,采用普通球磨机进行球磨,其中水、粗粉以及钢球的重量比为水:料粉:钢球=1:1:8,球磨时间为5.5H,研磨后粒度为0.65um,其它工艺与实施例4相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例4的区别为,对比例2的永磁铁氧体包括A,La,Ca,Fe和M等元素的六角型铁氧体主相,并具有以下特征的分子式:A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19,其中,A为Ba与Sr组合,M为Ni与Co的组合,X的取值为0.3,y为0.4,z为0.15,n为5.90,即提供的永磁铁氧体的特征分子式为:
(Sr0.25Ba0.05)Ca0.3La0.4Fe11.65(Zn0.05Co0.10)O19。其余制备方法同实施例4。
产品效果测试
将实施例1-4和对比例1-2制得的永磁铁氧体进行上下表面研磨,测量其剩余磁感应强度(Br)、矫顽力(Hcb)、内秉矫顽力(HcJ)、最大磁能积(BH)max、矩形比(Hk/HcJ),结果如表1所示:
表1永磁铁氧体的性能
由表1可知,本发明提供的永磁铁氧体的Br值可达到450以上,HcJ的值达到465kA/m,且矩形比最高达到0.96。本发明提供的永磁铁氧体具有优异的综合磁性能。且与传统制备方法相比,不仅能进一步提高磁特性,磨料时间大大缩短,提升了生产效率。
Claims (10)
1.一种永磁铁氧体,其特征在于,包含分子式为A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19的铁氧体主相,其中,A为Sr或/和Ba,M为Ni和Zn中的至少一种与Co的组合;x,y,z表示各主要金属元素的添加摩尔量,x的取值范围为0.3-0.42,y的取值范围为0.35-0.5,z的取值范围为0.20-0.3,n的取值范围为5.50-5.79;所述永磁铁氧体还包括添加相,所述添加相为含B、Si、Ca、La、Co或Sr等元素的化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的永磁铁氧体,其特征在于,x的取值范围为0.35-0.42,y的取值范围为0.35-0.45,z的取值范围为0.20-0.28,n的取值范围为5.55-5.79。
3.根据权利要求2所述的永磁铁氧体,其特征在于,x的取值为0.4,y的取值为0.45,z的取值为0.25,n的取值为5.70。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的永磁铁氧体,其特征在于,所述铁氧体主相占所述永磁铁氧体的质量的85%-99%。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的永磁铁氧体,其特征在于,所述添加相为H3BO3、SiO2、CaCO3、La2O3、Co3O4或SrCO3中的至少一种。
7.一种永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按分子式为A1-x-yCaxLayFe2n-zMzO19的铁氧体主相配制主料粉末,称取添加相,将所述主料粉末与所述添加相粉末混合,加入水,研磨,得一次浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)所得一次浆料烘干,预烧,破碎,得破碎粉;
(3)取步骤(2)所得破碎粉,再次加入添加相和分散剂,混合,加入研磨介质,研磨,得二次浆料;
(4)将步骤(3)所得二次浆料脱水,并在磁场中进行压制生坯,烧结,制得权利要求1-6中任一项所述的永磁铁氧体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中研磨的转速为2000-3500r/m,研磨的时间为25-60min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中压制的压强为7.5-10MPa,取向磁场的强度为5-15kOe。
10.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的永磁铁氧体在半导体领域的应用。
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