CN111373999A - Corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-furrow soil moisture-detecting sowing drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method - Google Patents
Corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-furrow soil moisture-detecting sowing drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drought-resistant and lodging-resistant cultivation method for double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-furrow moisture-detecting sowing of corn, which is characterized in that a corn seeder capable of drilling more than 2 rows simultaneously is additionally provided with a soil scraper: selecting a normal seeder with more than 2 seeders for even number of seeding rows, and adjusting the row spacing to be 0.4m +0.8 m; 0.4m is a narrow line spacing, and 0.8m is a wide line spacing; the seedling emergence is good: install triangular scraper additional, scrape dry soil layer and preceding stubble straw residue to wide ridge back of the body, thereby avoid straw and soil to mix in seedling zone department soil to hang the deficiency, can make the abundant clean soil of water content that becomes to refine in the narrow row ditch, play the effect of exploring the moisture content seeding. Thus, good conditions are created for seed germination, and the emergence rate is ensured. The seed emergence is fast and neat. The phenomenon of big and small seedlings is seldom generated, so that the plants of the corn are developed neatly and consistently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a drought-resistant and lodging-resistant cultivation method for double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge soil-back-moisture-detection sowing of corn.
Background
The cultivated land area of the Shanxi province is 4803647 hectares, and in the existing cultivated land, the dry land area reaches 3816266 hectares, which accounts for nearly 80 percent of the total cultivated land area of the whole province. Wherein the slope farmland area of the Shanxi province reaches 1666200 hectares, and accounts for 44 percent of the total dry land area of the whole province. More than 50% of the dry land and the sloping farmland are planted with corn. Under the condition of nineteen drought in spring, the drought lacks soil moisture, the previous crop straws and the soil are suspended to be deficient, so that the emergence rate of the corn is low, and the seedling shortage and ridge breaking are serious; soil moisture content is insufficient, seedlings emerge irregularly and are not strong, so that big seedlings and small seedlings are seriously cheated, the plant development of the corn is inconsistent, and the yield is seriously reduced. In recent years, rain shortage and drought occur in summer, and the trend is normalized, so that how to preserve rainwater and change ineffective rainfall into effective available rainfall is the core of organic dry farming cultivation.
At present, spring soil moisture detection sowing becomes a normal state, but in the prior art, the spring drought is serious, and the soil moisture detection sowing depth is insufficient, so that seedling emergence is not facilitated. Moreover, after single-row soil moisture detection and sowing, soil blocks on the ridge back fall more, the seedling pressing phenomenon is serious, and the seedling growth is not facilitated. The prior art has low utilization rate of moisture, and when the rainfall is small, the rainwater cannot collect the water and the water is evaporated, so that effective rainfall cannot be formed.
Increasing the planting density of the corn is an important technical measure for increasing the yield of the corn, but after the planting density is increased, the root system development of the corn is limited, and the risk of later-stage root lodging is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drought-resistant and lodging-resistant cultivation method for double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-soil-sounding sowing of corn, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a drought-resistant and lodging-resistant cultivation method for corn by double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-to-soil-moisture-detection sowing comprises the following steps:
1) install scraper additional on the corn drill that can drill more than 2 lines simultaneously: selecting a normal seeder with more than 2 seeders for even number of seeding rows, and adjusting the row spacing to be 0.4m +0.8 m; 0.4m is a narrow line spacing, and 0.8m is a wide line spacing; a triangular scraper is additionally arranged in front of two seeders with the interval of 0.4m, when in seeding, the scraper scrapes off a dry soil layer and straw residues on the surface layer by 0.1-0.15 m to the back of a wide ridge so as to form a narrow ditch, and 2 rows of corns are simultaneously seeded in the narrow ditch, and the fertilization and the suppression are completed at one time;
2) adjusting the planting distance of the seeder: the planting distance of the seeder is adjusted, and is shortened to reach the aim that the planting density is increased by 4500 plants/hectare compared with the planting number density required by the original variety according to the density requirement of the planted corn variety;
3) selecting an excellent corn variety: selecting an approved corn variety suitable for local planting according to local climate characteristics; the corn variety requires high yield, high quality, lodging resistance and high local disease resistance, the coated seeds with the purity of more than 98 percent, the purity of more than 97 percent and the germination rate of more than 95 percent are ensured, and the density-resistant corn variety is selected according to the practical production of regional corn;
4) seed loading: enough seeds are filled in a seed storage box of the seeder, the seed consumption is observed at any time, and the seeds are replenished immediately so as to avoid the problem that the yield is influenced by the missed seeding caused by insufficient seeds;
5) planting row direction: planting along the direction of contour lines; the narrow ditches play a role in accumulating and storing rainwater, are beneficial to fully utilizing the rainwater, increase the drought resistance and play a role in reducing water and soil loss and protecting cultivated land;
6) chemical weeding: according to the occurrence and variety of weeds in the land block in the past year, a proper herbicide is selected in a targeted manner to carry out closed weeding on the soil before seedling emergence;
7) field management: field management is not generally performed; before corn jointing, checking the weed control condition in the field, if sporadic weeds exist in the field, removing the weeds as soon as possible; if a large area of herbicide is exposed to be sprayed, selecting proper herbicide to carry out directional spray control;
8) and (3) pest control: timely preventing and controlling the field diseases and insect pests when the field diseases and insect pests reach the prevention and control index;
9) and (3) immediate harvesting: when the optimal harvest period of the variety is reached, the variety needs to be harvested in time without causing unnecessary waste.
As a further scheme of the invention: the seeder comprises a seeder body A and a seeder body B, wherein the distance between the seeder body A and the seeder body B is 0.4 m; a DEF triangular soil scraper is additionally arranged in front of the two seeders, wherein the DE edge is in an open type, the F corner is closed to be the front end, and the C corner is a fixed column and is fixed on the seeder.
The triangular scraper is manufactured by casting steel integrally.
The herbicide is any one of amide herbicides, triazine herbicides, phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides and sulfonylurea herbicides.
As a still further scheme of the invention:
compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that when the corn is sowed in ① spring, a dry soil layer and straw residues in a double-row corn sowing area are scraped to the back of a wide ridge for 0.1-0.15 m, the straw and soil are prevented from being mixed at a seedling zone, refined clean soil in the narrow row ditch is favorable for seed planting, ② when the dry soil layer and the straw residues are scraped from the surface layer of the soil for 0.1-0.15 m, soil moisture is detected downwards for 0.05-0.1 m during sowing, sufficient moisture is provided for seeds, good conditions are created for seed germination, the emergence rate is ensured, after ③ soil moisture sowing, 2 rows of corn are planted in the narrow ditch and all at a low position, the span of the back of the wide ridge is large, soil blocks on the back of the ridge are not easy to fall, seedling pressing phenomenon does not occur, the seedling growth is favorable for seedling growth, the row spacing of the corn is narrow, the wide row is wide row, the light transmission of the wide row is improved, ventilation of the corn is favorable for improving the nutrient density of the corn, the sowing, the soil density of the soil is improved, the rain water is favorable for the rain, the rain water is increased, the rain water accumulation of the soil in the narrow row ditch, the narrow row is increased, the soil, the rain soil is increased, the rain soil, the rain water accumulation of the soil is increased, the rain soil is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seeder in a corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-soil-moisture-detecting seeding drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seeder in the corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-soil moisture-detecting seeding drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method.
In the figure: a and B are seeders, and the distance between A and B is 0.4 m. DEF is a triangular scraper, the edge DE is open, the corner F is closed to form the front end, and the corner C is a fixed column and is fixed on a seeder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for cultivating corn in a double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-soil-detection sowing drought-resistant and lodging-resistant manner includes the following steps:
1) install scraper additional on the corn drill that can drill more than 2 lines simultaneously: selecting a normal seeder with more than 2 seeders for even number of seeding rows, and adjusting the row spacing to be 0.4m +0.8 m; 0.4m is a narrow line spacing, and 0.8m is a wide line spacing; a triangular scraper is additionally arranged in front of two seeders with the interval of 0.4m, when in seeding, the scraper scrapes off a dry soil layer and straw residues on the surface layer by 0.1-0.15 m to the back of a wide ridge so as to form a narrow ditch, and 2 rows of corns are simultaneously seeded in the narrow ditch, and the fertilization and the suppression are completed at one time;
2) adjusting the planting distance of the seeder: the planting distance of the seeder is adjusted, and is shortened to reach the aim that the planting density is increased by 4500 plants/hectare compared with the planting number density required by the original variety according to the density requirement of the planted corn variety;
3) selecting an excellent corn variety: selecting an approved corn variety suitable for local planting according to local climate characteristics; the corn variety requires high yield, high quality, lodging resistance and high local disease resistance, the coated seeds with the purity of more than 98 percent, the purity of more than 97 percent and the germination rate of more than 95 percent are ensured, and the density-resistant corn variety is selected according to the practical production of regional corn;
4) seed loading: enough seeds are filled in a seed storage box of the seeder, the seed consumption is observed at any time, and the seeds are replenished immediately so as to avoid the problem that the yield is influenced by the missed seeding caused by insufficient seeds;
5) planting row direction: planting along the direction of contour lines; the narrow ditches play a role in accumulating and storing rainwater, are beneficial to fully utilizing the rainwater, increase the drought resistance and play a role in reducing water and soil loss and protecting cultivated land;
6) chemical weeding: according to the occurrence and variety of weeds in the land block in the past year, a proper herbicide is selected in a targeted manner to carry out closed weeding on the soil before seedling emergence;
7) field management: field management is not generally performed; before corn jointing, checking the weed control condition in the field, if sporadic weeds exist in the field, removing the weeds as soon as possible; if a large area of herbicide is exposed to be sprayed, selecting proper herbicide to carry out directional spray control;
8) and (3) pest control: timely preventing and controlling the field diseases and insect pests when the field diseases and insect pests reach the prevention and control index;
9) and (3) immediate harvesting: when the optimal harvest period of the variety is reached, the variety needs to be harvested in time without causing unnecessary waste.
The seeder comprises a seeder body A and a seeder body B, wherein the distance between the seeder body A and the seeder body B is 0.4 m; a DEF triangular soil scraper is additionally arranged in front of the two seeders, wherein the DE edge is in an open type, the F corner is closed to be the front end, and the C corner is a fixed column and is fixed on the seeder.
The triangular scraper is manufactured by casting steel integrally.
The herbicide is any one of amide herbicides, triazine herbicides, phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides and sulfonylurea herbicides.
The obvious effects brought by applying the technology are as follows:
①, good seedling emergence, namely, a triangular scraper is additionally arranged to scrape a dry soil layer and the residues of the previous stubbles and straws on the back of the wide ridge, so that the problem that the soil is suspended due to the mixing of the straws and the soil at a seedling zone is avoided, the narrow-row ditch becomes refined clean soil with sufficient water content, and the effect of soil moisture detection and seeding is achieved.
②, and the shape of the seedling is built, after the soil moisture detection and seeding, 2 rows of corns are planted in the narrow ditch and are all at the lower part, the span of the wide ridge back is larger, the soil blocks on the ridge back are not easy to fall, the seedling pressing phenomenon is avoided, and the seedling growth is facilitated.
③, the rainwater utilization rate is high, the sowing ditches and the wide ridge of the 2 rows have a fall of more than 0.2m, and the wide ridge plays a role in receiving rainwater, on one hand, ineffective rainfall with a little rainfall is accumulated in the narrow ditches to become effective rainfall, so that the water content of soil is improved, on the other hand, when the rainfall is more, the narrow ditches play a role in storing rainwater, so that the rainwater is fully utilized, the drought resistance is increased, and the effects of reducing water and soil loss and protecting cultivated land can be achieved by planting along the contour line on the sloping cultivated land.
④, increasing density and increasing yield, i province corn planting mode is mainly uniform row planting, which limits the increase of the planting density of the prior variety, generally equal row spacing flat planting, density increase, increase contradiction between individuals and groups, poor group ventilation and light transmission performance, which results in yield reduction, after the corn cultivation technology is adopted, wide and narrow row planting is changed, the density is increased by reducing the plant spacing, and 4500 plants/hectare-7500 plants/hectare, because large wide rows are adopted, the ventilation and light transmission performance is increased, the contradiction between groups and individuals is better solved, the plants and individuals are coordinately developed, the yield is increased by increasing the number of spikes per unit area on the premise of not reducing the weight of a single spike, and the yield is generally increased by about 10-15%.
⑤, enhancing lodging resistance, namely scraping a dry soil layer and previous stubble straw residues on the ground surface during seeding, seeding the corns in a deep groove, wherein the seeding depth is improved by more than 0.1m compared with that during flat planting, the root system rolling depth is increased, then the dry soil layer and the previous stubble straw residues scraped to the back of the wide ridge in the later growth period of the corns naturally slide to two sides of the corn root system in the narrow groove under the action of gravity through wind blowing and rain, the soil covering amount of the root system is increased, and the lodging resistance of the corns is favorably increased, the dry soil layer and the previous stubble straw residues are enriched on the back of the wide ridge through a soil scraping plate, the soil layer is thickened by 0.1-0.15 m, the root system development is favorably, the lodging resistance of the corns is greatly improved, and the root lodging resistance is reduced by more than 10%.
⑥, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the decrement is obvious, the fertilizer application layer is concentrated in the narrow row, the accurate fertilizer application is realized, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the fertilizer is not applied under the wide row, the fertilizer waste is avoided, and when the fertilizer application amount is reduced by 20%, the yield of the corn is not influenced.
⑦, the cultivation land is combined with the land for cultivating, the soil fertility is fertilized, the technology is that the corn is sowed in a narrow ditch of 0.4m, a wide ridge back of 0.8m is positioned in the leisure cultivation land, the granular structure of the soil is recovered, the soil fertility planted in the next year is fertilized, the water retention and drought resistance of the corn in spring is improved, the sowing narrow ditch of 0.4m is scraped in the middle of the wide ridge back of the leisure cultivation land of 0.8m in the next year, the corn is planted, and the circulation is carried out, so that a solid foundation is laid for further improving the corn yield.
In 2019, the cultivation technology is applied to Qin river town in Qin Yuan county of ChangZhi city in Shanxi province to sow corn for 0.5 hectare, in the big drought year, the yield reaches 4653 kg/hectare, while the corn yield cultivated by other technologies is only 2034 kg/hectare, the yield increase amplitude is 128.76%, and the effect is very obvious. The corn is planted in the fields of Changzhi county, Song village, Gu village, Zhong Gao village and the like of Shanxi province, the average yield reaches 8436.75 kg/hectare, while the corn cultivated by other technologies has the yield of only 6470.25 kg/hectare and the yield increase amplitude is 30.39%.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A drought-resistant and lodging-resistant cultivation method for double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge soil-back-moisture-detection sowing of corn,
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) install scraper additional on the corn drill that can drill more than 2 lines simultaneously: selecting a normal seeder with more than 2 seeders for even number of seeding rows, and adjusting the row spacing to be 0.4m +0.8 m; 0.4m is a narrow line spacing, and 0.8m is a wide line spacing; a triangular scraper is additionally arranged in front of two seeders with the interval of 0.4m, when in seeding, the scraper scrapes off a dry soil layer and straw residues on the surface layer by 0.1-0.15 m to the back of a wide ridge so as to form a narrow ditch, and 2 rows of corns are simultaneously seeded in the narrow ditch, and the fertilization and the suppression are completed at one time;
2) adjusting the planting distance of the seeder: the planting distance of the seeder is adjusted, and is shortened to reach the aim that the planting density is increased by 4500 plants/hectare compared with the planting number density required by the original variety according to the density requirement of the planted corn variety;
3) selecting an excellent corn variety: selecting an approved corn variety suitable for local planting according to local climate characteristics; the corn variety requires high yield, high quality, lodging resistance and high local disease resistance, the coated seeds with the purity of more than 98 percent, the purity of more than 97 percent and the germination rate of more than 95 percent are ensured, and the density-resistant corn variety is selected according to the practical production of regional corn;
4) seed loading: enough seeds are filled in a seed storage box of the seeder, the seed consumption is observed at any time, and the seeds are replenished immediately so as to avoid the problem that the yield is influenced by the missed seeding caused by insufficient seeds;
5) planting row direction: planting along the direction of contour lines; the narrow ditches play a role in accumulating and storing rainwater, are beneficial to fully utilizing the rainwater, increase the drought resistance and play a role in reducing water and soil loss and protecting cultivated land;
6) chemical weeding: according to the occurrence and variety of weeds in the land block in the past year, a proper herbicide is selected in a targeted manner to carry out closed weeding on the soil before seedling emergence;
7) field management: field management is not generally performed; before corn jointing, checking the weed control condition in the field, if sporadic weeds exist in the field, removing the weeds as soon as possible; if a large area of herbicide is exposed to be sprayed, selecting proper herbicide to carry out directional spray control;
8) and (3) pest control: timely preventing and controlling the field diseases and insect pests when the field diseases and insect pests reach the prevention and control index;
9) and (3) immediate harvesting: when the optimal harvest period of the variety is reached, the variety needs to be harvested in time without causing unnecessary waste.
2. The method for the drought-resistant and lodging-resistant cultivation of the corn in the double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-soil-moisture-detection sowing manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing devices comprise a sowing device A and a sowing device B, wherein the distance between the sowing devices A and B is 0.4 m; a DEF triangular soil scraper is additionally arranged in front of the two seeders, wherein the DE edge is in an open type, the F corner is closed to be the front end, and the C corner is a fixed column and is fixed on the seeder.
3. The method for cultivating corn in claim 2, wherein the triangular scraper is made of cast steel by casting and casting integrally.
4. The drought-resistant lodging-resistant cultivation method for corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-probing-soil-moisture sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that the herbicide is any one of amide herbicides, triazine herbicides, phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides and sulfonylurea herbicides.
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| CN202010276338.5A CN111373999B (en) | 2020-04-09 | 2020-04-09 | Corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-furrow soil moisture-detecting sowing drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111527809A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-08-14 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | Corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back sowing scraper |
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