CN108012783A - A kind of implantation methods for reducing volunteer harm - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods for reducing volunteer harm Download PDFInfo
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- CN108012783A CN108012783A CN201810109425.4A CN201810109425A CN108012783A CN 108012783 A CN108012783 A CN 108012783A CN 201810109425 A CN201810109425 A CN 201810109425A CN 108012783 A CN108012783 A CN 108012783A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods for reducing volunteer harm, it is related to agricultural production planting technology field.Implantation methods disclosed by the invention it include：Crop of the plantation with Herbicid resistant.The implantation methods can remove volunteer totally, the use of particularly suitable non-resistance herbicide kind, can be by weeds, volunteer, and weeding is clean together for miscellaneous seedling etc., reduce volunteer harm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production planting technology field, in particular to a kind of plantation for reducing the harm of itself seedling
Method.
Background technology
Volunteer is to be lost in the young plant that the germination of soil grows then or next year.Primarily form the reason is that：(1)
Crop is grown in the field after maturation in itself, seed nature shattering, or Piling up in Field, beats, shines, or mixes caused by mechanically actuated
Deng making part seed to fall into soil, the seed that buries carries out after-ripening and dormancy, runs into proper environment season instantly and just sprouts successively
And emergence；(2) sibling species in field is more precocious in itself than crop, easy shattering.For example there is nature life in cabbage type rape ground
Long precocious turnip type rape and mustard type rape；" Weedy Rice " in rice, or " terrible rice " belong to it is this kind of；(3) if applying
With not abundant decomposed farm manure, particularly with residue after crop material or threshing when retting farmyard manure, remained in farm manure
Seed germination growth volunteer also occurs.If volunteer does not remove, it will be grown in field, yield positive results, fall seed, formed
Spontaneous Life Cycles.
The seedling of volunteer and artificial growth difference lies in：(1) from the time, volunteer shows as partially early, root system of emerging
Compared with same stubble crop, than developing, early, suction fertilizer is fast, seedling is big and sturdy.It is larger with same stubble crop diversity ratio when blooming, generally bloom more same
Stubble crop is compared to obvious partially early or partially late；(2) sowing crop neat and consistent, and volunteer because heredity separation, pollen drift or
Sprout time is inconsistent, and emergence differs sooner or later, and field seedling gesture is irregular, and difference in size is larger, and distribution is mixed and disorderly, and appearance height is not
Deng coming in every shape.
Volunteer is in the following characteristic distributions in the whole nation：
(1) nonirrigated farmland is more serious than paddy field.Part volunteer seed can be soaked and rotted by paddy field, lose germinating capacity.Nonirrigated farmland
Volunteer resting seed can be preserved complete and vigor, can still have germinating capacity within the long period (1-2).
(2) continuous cropping is more serious than crop rotation.Continuous cropping adds the possibility of volunteer seed accumulation, therefore produces the general of volunteer
Rate is much higher.
(3) it is live more serious than transplanting.When transplanting nursery, miscellaneous seedling and weeds can be removed, and the seedling of transplanting is larger, and growing way is fast,
Weeds and volunteer growth can comparatively fast be suppressed.
(4) northwest is more serious than south.Southern rainwater is more, after hybrid falls into ground, can soak, condition will properly be sent out
Bud, but since season is not right, volunteer will not normal growth, will slowly die, reduce the number of volunteer.It is in addition, southern
Fang Yushui can soak decayed portion volunteer seed more.Northwest rainwater is few, after volunteer seed is fallen into ground, has easily preserved
It is whole.
(5) plough shallowly and no-tillage more serious than deep ploughing.Volunteer seed can be made in the soil layer of germination that can break ground with no-tillage by ploughing shallowly
In, environment is adapted to, it becomes possible to sprouts；And deep ploughing can be such that part volunteer seed turns in deep soil, even if germination
It is difficult to break ground and drills out ground.
The appearance of volunteer can bring heavier harm：(1) rape volunteer in field is the offspring for eliminating kind mostly, or point
From product, or sibling species, emergence is early, and growing way is fast；Volunteer and tree seedling strive fertilizer with striving, win honour for water, with normal tree seedling
Strong competitive relation is formed, is unfavorable for crop growth, reduces crop yield；(2) volunteer maturation is partially early or partially late,
Cause inconsistent with the same stubble crop harvesting phase, influence yield；(3) maturity is different, and hereditary difference is big, so harvest product product
Matter difference is big, influences crops quality；(4) volunteer is not of uniform size, and is not at same developmental stage with tree seedling, so
Applied fertilizer, sprayed when field management, it is difficult to is managed, and field management effect will not be preferable.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of implantation methods that can reduce volunteer harm in agricultural production.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of implantation methods for reducing volunteer harm, can be subtracted using the implantation methods
The harm of few volunteer, is conducive to purpose crop growth, improves crop yield.
What the present invention was realized in：
A kind of implantation methods for reducing volunteer harm, it includes：Crop of the plantation with Herbicid resistant.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned crop makees for genetically modified crops or spontaneous mutation type
Thing.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned spontaneous mutation type crop is by traditional breeding method, endogenous base
Because mutation breeding or Field Screening are cultivated to obtain.
Certainly, if plantation is Transgenic Resistant Herbicide Crops, it is necessary to be planted according to national relevant laws and regulations.
Transgenic Resistant Herbicide Crops, refer to the Bar genes of anti-glufosinate, aroA genes, the anti-Brominal of resistance glyphosate
Bxn genes and resist grand csrl genes of green sulphur etc. to be transformed into crop, it is possessed the ability of corresponding antiweed.But
National relevant law and rules and regulations are had to comply with during plantation.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned Herbicid resistant includes but not limited to amide-type and removes
Careless agent resistance, triazine herbicide resistance, phenoxy carboxylic acid weeding resistance, sulfonylurea herbicide resistance, Gyphosate herbicice
Agent resistance or glufosinate-ammonium Herbicid resistant.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the crop of two season of arbitrary neighborhood plantation has different remove
Careless agent resistance.For example, the first season plant glyphosate resistant crops, the second season plantation glufosinate-resistant herbicide crop, the third quarter kind
Plant anti-imidazoles woods ketone crop.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the crop of continuous three seasons plantation has different herbicides
Resistance.
If continuously after two seasons of plantation, volunteer is in addition, progress is different every the antiweed kind of plantation in 3 years, i.e.,
The crop of continuous three seasons plantation has different Herbicid resistants.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, which further includes：In plantation this season, institute is sprayed
The herbicide of the corresponding Herbicid resistant of kind crop.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, in plantation this season, the herbicide type sprayed is no choosing
Selecting property herbicide.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, herbicide is including but not limited to acetamide-group herbicides, three
Pyridine class herbicide, phenoxy carboxylic acid weeding, sulfonylurea herbicide, glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium etc..
Wherein, sulfonylurea herbicide and imidazolinone herbicide are all acetolactate synthestase (ALS) inhibitor.Miaow
Oxazoline type herbicides are developed the eighties in last century, and imidazolinone herbicide is because active high, dosage are low and herbicide spectrum width etc.
Feature.Such herbicide is absorbed by plant stem-leaf and root, is conducted, is accumulated in separate living tissue in xylem and bast,
Suppress growth, ultimately cause Plant death.But the main problem occurred is that the residual period of some kinds in the soil is long, from
And in late stubble sensitive crop, such as normal crop rotation soybean important succession crop corn.
Sulfonylurea herbicide has efficiently, and low toxicity becomes one of most common herbicide.It is used primarily in paddy field, soybean
The control of the weeds of field and corn field.In China, widely used sulfonylurea herbicide has grand chlorine sulphur, bensulfuron-methyl, first at present
Sulphur is grand, cinosulfuron, ethametsulfuron, pyrrole second are grown etc..But the problem of herbicide residue and to crops produce harm problem
Through being paid attention to extensively.
Glyphosate is a kind of non-selective, noresidue steriland herbicide.Can prevent and kill off unifacial leaf and it is dicotyledonous, annual and
The plant of the section more than 40 such as perennial, draft and shrub.The main enolpyruvyl shikimene phosphate synthase suppressed in plant,
So as to suppress conversion of the shikimene to phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, protein synthesis is interfered, cause plant dead
Die.It is highly effective to prennical root weeds, it is widely used in rubber, mulberry, tea, orchard and sugarcane field.But it is to partly pernicious for many years
Weed control efficacy is undesirable.
Glyphosate is that plant parts are transmitted to after being absorbed by cauline leaf, and glyphosate is golden with iron, aluminium etc. quickly after burying
Belong to ions binding and lose activity, have no adverse effects to the seed and edaphon hidden in soil.Also it is sweet gradually to produce grass
The problem of phosphine resistance.
Glufosinate-ammonium is the non-selective translocated herbicide of phosphonic acid, be wide spectrum, contact killing type, the raw type that goes out, non-residual herbicide,
Use scope is very wide.There is low toxicity, safety, quick, environmental protection.On soil, crop root and succession crop without influence, hold
The effect phase is grown, and is suitable for almost all crop weedings, degradable in the soil, to crop safety, is not easy to drift about, is more suitable for quick
The weeding of corn, rice, soybean, tea place, orchard etc. that sense phase or droplet drift can not avoid completely uses.
Glufosinate-ammonium causes nitrogen metabolism in plant by suppressing the important removing toxic substances enzyme effect of this plant of glutamate synthetase
Disorder, ammonium excess accumulation, chloroplaset disintegrates, so that photosynthesis of plant is suppressed, ultimately results in weeds death.Glufosinate-ammonium is adopted
Handled with the directed spraying of weeds cauline leaf, almost can be used for the weeds of fruit tree, imtertilled crop, vegetables and bare place that wide type is planted
Prevent and kill off；More than 100 kinds of grass family and broad leaved weed can be quickly killed, particularly to being resistant to the part malignant weed of glyphosate such as
Eleusine indica, Herba portulacae, Horseweed Herb and other effects are very good, become the jinx of grass family and broad leaved weed.
It should be noted that herbicide is it should be noted that the dosage of herbicide is carried out by normal explanation.Pass through
The use of herbicide, can kill except plants such as other hybrid strains for planting purpose crop, volunteer, weeds.
For example, for the single cropping crop planting model of northwest, First Year plants a kind of Resistant Herbicide Crops kind, second year
Plant another Resistant Herbicide Crops.The volunteer that First Year produces can kill in the herbicide that second year sprays.
In another example in southern more batches of crop-plantings, if the first season plants a kind of Resistant Herbicide Crops kind, second season kind
Plant another Resistant Herbicide Crops, second batch plant when spray corresponding herbicide when, can by first batch plantation from
Raw seedling is removed.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned crop is selected from rape, rice and wheat etc..Only
If the method that the crop influenced be subject to volunteer is applicable in the present invention.
The invention has the advantages that：
The implantation methods of the offer of the present invention can remove volunteer totally, particularly suitable non-resistance herbicide kind
Use, can be by weeds, volunteer, and weeding is clean together for miscellaneous seedling etc., reduces volunteer harm.
Embodiment
, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer, is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The feature and performance of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Test example 1
Experimental design：
On April 5th, 2015, in Gansu Zhangye Xia Fan bases, rape (blue or green miscellaneous No. 5 of Wild cabbage type chrysanthemum kind) is planted in first crop
Plot in (0.9 mu), be divided into 3 groups, random 3 repetitions, every group is respectively 0.1 mu and 0.2 mu of ground, wherein being planted in 0.1 mu of ground
Plant the white flower cabbage type rape strain white flower 1 of non-antiweed；Planted in 0.2 mu of ground anti-" _ blank " | triazine herbicide
Rape line 14M232.
It should be noted that：Plantation No. 1 main purpose of white flower is easy to count the number of spontaneous cabbage type rape.If
The little cabbage type rape of continuous 2 years plantation phenotypic differences, then be difficult to differentiate between spontaneous cabbage type rape.
Implantation methods：
Planting density is 1.2 ten thousand plants/acre.Sowed by the way of live, base manure is 70 pounds/acre of composite fertilizer (N:P:K
=15%:15%:15%), during bolting, 10 pounds/acre of top dressing urea, same routine field management (similarly hereinafter).
Processing method：
In 4 leaf, " _ blank " is sprayed in 0.1 mu of ground in each group in 0.2 mu of ground | triazine herbicide.Three nitrogen
Benzene class herbicide refers to the broad-spectrum herbicide using s-triazine as basic chemical structure.This experimental example is suspended using 40% atrazine
Agent, 200ml/ mus (recommendation amount ranges).
Result of the test：
Post flowering, blue or green miscellaneous No. 5 ratios of statistics volunteer, that is, Wild cabbage type chrysanthemum kind, the results are shown in Table 1.Plant the 3 of white flower 1
The volunteer of the cabbage type rape of a repetition is respectively 6%, 8% and 10%；The volunteer of the intensive shadow on lung of juncea is respectively
13%th, 11%, 14%, the ratio that both are added volunteer is respectively：19%th, 19%, 24%, average out to 20.7%.Need
Bright is：The rapeseed leaves of juncea and cabbage type rape difference are big, and growing way is weaker, and precocious, yield is relatively low, in Wild cabbage type oil
Easily shattering forms volunteer ahead of time in the field that colza is planted.
And in the treatment group of spray herbicide, the ratio of volunteer is respectively 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.03%, can be survived
Volunteer is due to larger, without death after spray, and shows as yellowing leaf, chlorosis, and growth retardation, bud is few, and bud becomes
In vain, pollen amount is few, solid seldom, substantially without yield.The rape of antiweed after herbicide has been sprayed, act normally by growth,
Harmful effect is not found.In short, the miscellaneous seedling in the field for having sprayed antiweed significantly reduces, close to 0, weeds decrease 94%
More than.In every group in 0.2 mu of ground of antiweed, compared with having sprayed between herbicide and the plot of no spray herbicide,
No. 5 harvests of in September, 2015, carry out determination of yield, have sprayed seed of the seed yield than the plot of no spray herbicide of herbicide
Yield mean height 13.5%.
1 2015 years plan designs of table and volunteer ratio
Mark：* the purpose of experiment is set not counted certainly to analyze the yield of rape difference between spraying and not spraying
Raw seedling ratio.
Test example 2
Experimental design：
On April 10th, 2016, having carried out second year experiment in the same plot that embodiment 1 is tested, (experiment was set
2) meter is shown in Table.
Three groups of experiment point, every group includes three parts, and the 1st is 1 (same plot is compareed with previous year) of control, in order to say
It is bright in the case of the volunteer produced without artificially interference, natural faming, plant purple leaf oil dish, be easy to count spontaneous from phenotype
The number and ratio of seedling.Control 2 derives from the II fields (taking 1/3) in table 1, and planting purple leaf oil dish, (all blades are purple
Color, it is easy to distinguish this strain and other strains.If without using the strain with obvious phenotypic characteristic, volunteer is difficult to differentiate between
With the cabbage type rape normally planted), main purpose illustrates after First Year crop spray herbicide, the volunteer that second year produces
Situation.2 parts are divided into by remaining 2/3 of the II fields in table 1, plants resistance glyphosate strain 15M437, then divide
Spray and the processing that do not spray are not carried out.Spray is handled：At the 5 leaf phase of direct-sowing rape, herbicide spraying, herbicide is
41% glyphosate isopropyl amine salt, 200ml/ mus of usage amount.Wherein to after spray field carry out volunteer carry out statistics be in order to
Illustrate the ratio of volunteer reduction after spraying；The field not sprayed is the influence in order to compare spray with not spray to yield.
Implantation methods：Planting density is 1.2 ten thousand plants/acre.Sowed by the way of live, field carries out normal field
Between manage.
Result of the test：It is shown in Table 2
Table 2 the result shows that：
(1) control 1 does not carry out artificially interference and removes volunteer, i.e., two average annual non-herbicide sprayings, and volunteer ratio is averaged
For 22%, including cabbage type rape and juncea intensive shadow on lung, if illustrating not carry out the volunteer that artificially interference produces, volunteer ratio
Example will be stepped up.
(2) for control 2, First Year has used atrazine, but herbicide is not used in second year, and the ratio of volunteer is averaged
For 5.7%.Therefore, First Year has used antiweed strain, then volunteer have dropped 16.3%.
(3) second year be continuing with another herbicide it is 2 years i.e. continuous used in herbicide it is different, then volunteer ratio
Example average out to 0.01%, and the volunteer that can be survived shows as yellowing leaf, dwarfing, undergrowth, cannot partly bloom, on a small quantity
Post flowering yield is also relatively low.Therefore, if second year uses the herbicide different from First Year, can make under the ratio of volunteer
Drop 5.69%, reaches the level of average out to 0.01%.
No. 2 harvests of in September, (4) 2016, mode 1 (First Year and second year all use herbicide), with 2 (First Year of mode
Use, second year without using) be compared, the former yield averagely increases by 5.2% than the latter yield.
2 2016 years plan designs of table and volunteer ratio
Mark：* the purpose of experiment is set not counted certainly to analyze the yield of rape difference between spraying and not spraying
Raw seedling ratio.
To sum up, the present invention can be removed volunteer totally by planting the crop with Herbicid resistant, particularly suitable
The use of non-resistance herbicide kind, weeds, volunteer, and miscellaneous seedling etc. can be removed totally, reduce volunteer harm together.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of implantation methods for reducing volunteer harm, it is characterised in that it includes：Work of the plantation with Herbicid resistant
Thing.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the crop is genetically modified crops or spontaneous mutation type
Crop.
3. implantation methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the spontaneous mutation type crop is by traditional breeding method, interior
Source Mutagenesis breeding or Field Screening are cultivated to obtain；
Preferably, the genetically modified crops have one or more of crops in following gene for conversion：The Bar bases of anti-glufosinate
Cause, the aroA genes of resistance glyphosate, anti-Brominal bxn genes and resist the grand csrl genes of green sulphur.
4. implantation methods according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the Herbicid resistant resists for acetamide-group herbicides
Property, triazine herbicide resistance, phenoxy carboxylic acid weeding resistance, sulfonylurea herbicide resistance, glyphosate herbicidal resistance
Or glufosinate-ammonium Herbicid resistant.
5. implantation methods according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the crop of two season of arbitrary neighborhood plantation has different
Herbicid resistant.
6. implantation methods according to claim 4, it is characterised in that it includes：The crop of continuous three seasons plantation has not
Same Herbicid resistant.
7. according to claim 1-6 any one of them implantation methods, it is characterised in that it includes：In plantation this season, institute is sprayed
The herbicide of the corresponding Herbicid resistant of kind crop.
8. implantation methods according to claim 7, it is characterised in that it includes：In plantation this season, the herbicide sprayed
Type is non selective herbicide.
9. according to claim 1-6 any one of them implantation methods, it is characterised in that the crop be selected from rape, rice,
Corn and soybean and wheat.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109122138A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-04 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of method for directly seeding rice based on glyphosate tolerant |
| CN111373999A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-07 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | Corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-furrow soil moisture-detecting sowing drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109122138A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-04 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of method for directly seeding rice based on glyphosate tolerant |
| CN111373999A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-07 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | Corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-furrow soil moisture-detecting sowing drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method |
| CN111373999B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2022-02-18 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | Corn double-row narrow-furrow wide-ridge back-furrow soil moisture-detecting sowing drought-resisting lodging-resisting cultivation method |
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