CN111334303A

CN111334303A - Acid tobacco-planting soil pH value regulator and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111334303A
Application number: CN202010139296.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 窦玉青; 陈刚; 张忠锋; 蔡宪杰; 高远; 闫鼎; 卢晓华; 曹亚凡; 王铮; 谢天
Original assignee: Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS
Current assignee: Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS
Priority date: 2020-03-03
Filing date: 2020-03-03
Publication date: 2020-06-26

Abstract

The invention provides an acid tobacco-planting soil pH value regulator and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil improvement. The invention utilizes a drip irrigation facility for supplying irrigation water to the flue-cured tobacco, does not increase extra investment, implements the pH value adjustment of the acidic tobacco-planting soil, and adjusts the pH value of the soil to be more than or equal to 6.0. The regulator of the invention is utilized to increase the pH value of soil, which is not beneficial to the occurrence and development of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank, and the incidence rate is reduced; the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved, and the yield per unit area and planting benefit of the tobacco leaves are increased.

Description

Acid tobacco-planting soil pH value regulator and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to an acid tobacco-planting soil pH value regulator and application thereof.

Background

The soil acidity and alkalinity refers to that various chemical and biochemical reactions exist in soil, and different acidity or alkalinity is shown. The acidity and alkalinity of soil are usually measured by the acidity and alkalinity. The soil is acidic and alkaline because of the small amount of hydrogen and hydroxide ions present in the soil. When the concentration of the hydrogen ions is greater than that of the hydroxide ions, the soil is acidic; otherwise, the solution is alkaline; when they are equal, the product is neutral. The pH value of soil in China is mostly in the range of 4.5-8.5, the pH value is gradually increased from south to north, the soil in the south of the Yangtze river (33 degrees north latitude) is mostly acidic and strongly acidic, such as red soil and yellow soil widely distributed in south China and southwest China, and the pH value is mostly in the range of 4.5-5.5; the pH value of the red soil in east China is 5.5-6.5.

The partial (over) acidity of the soil can reduce the effectiveness of soil nutrients to different degrees, a good soil structure is difficult to form, the activity of soil microorganisms is seriously inhibited, and the growth and development of various crops are influenced. The effectiveness of phosphorus in soil is obviously affected by acidity and alkalinity, and when the pH value exceeds 7.5 or is lower than 6, phosphoric acid and calcium or iron and aluminum form a slow-acting state, so that the effectiveness is reduced. Calcium, magnesium and potassium are easily substituted and lost in acid soil. H in strongly acidic and strongly alkaline soils⁺And Na⁺More and less Ca²⁺It is difficult to form a good soil structure, which is not favorable for the growth of crops. The pH value of the soil microorganism is generally in the neutral range of 6.5-7.5. Peracids can severely inhibit the activity of soil microorganisms, thereby affecting the conversion and supply of nitrogen and other nutrients. The soil peracid is easy to generate free Al³⁺And organic acids, which directly harm crops. AlkaliAfter a certain amount of soluble salt in sexual soil, the germination and normal growth of crops can be directly influenced. The pH value of the soil has important influence on the quality and yield of tobacco, and the pH value of the soil is proper (5.5-7.5), so that the tobacco plants can efficiently absorb various nutrients, and the tobacco plants can grow well and have high quality.

The conventional method for improving acid soil, which is a conventional and effective method for improving acid soil, is to directly neutralize soil acidity by applying alkaline substances such as lime, dolomite powder, etc., but has some problems. 1) Long-term, high-volume lime application can lead to soil hardening and nutrient imbalance because lime provides only the nutrient calcium, and high amounts of calcium can lead to soil magnesium and potassium deficiency and reduced phosphorus availability; 2) the steps of spreading the conditioner and uniformly mixing the soil and the conditioner are labor-consuming and time-consuming, and are easy to have non-uniform phenomenon, so that the uniformity of the pH adjustment of the soil is easy to cause poor; 3) after lime application, the soil is subjected to a re-acidification process, i.e. the soil is acidified again after the alkaline consumption of lime, and the acidification degree is increased compared with that before lime application.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an acid tobacco-planting soil pH regulator and an application thereof, so that the pH of tobacco-planting soil is accurately controlled and always kept between 6.0 and 7.0, the incidence of tobacco diseases is reduced, the quality and the yield of tobacco leaves per unit area are improved, and the planting benefit is improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a regulator for the pH value of acid tobacco-planting soil, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-75% of potassium hydroxide, 10-20% of potassium carbonate and 5-19% of soluble sugar.

The invention also provides application of the regulator in regulating the pH value of the acidic tobacco-planting soil.

The invention also provides a method for regulating the pH value of the acidic tobacco-planting soil by using the regulator, which comprises the following steps: when the pH value of the tobacco planting soil to be improved is less than 4, the total amount of the regulator applied along with water is 48.6-58.6 kg/mu;

when the pH value of the tobacco planting soil to be improved is 4-5, the total amount of the regulator applied along with water is 39.5-44.5 kg/mu;

when the pH value of the tobacco planting soil to be improved is more than 5 and less than 6, the total amount of the regulator applied along with water is 9.5-14.5 kg/mu.

Preferably, the modulator is applied 4 times with water, each time in 1/4 total amounts.

Preferably, the regulator is applied 5-7 d, 20-25 d, 35-40 d and 50-55 d after the tobacco is transplanted in sequence.

Preferably, the water consumption is 0.5-0.8 m for each time of applying the regulator³。

The invention also provides application of the regulator in reducing the incidence rate of tobacco.

Preferably, the modulator reduces the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank.

The invention also provides application of the regulator in improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

The invention also provides application of the regulator in improving the yield of tobacco leaves.

The invention provides an acid tobacco-planting soil pH regulator, which utilizes a drip irrigation facility for supplying irrigation water to flue-cured tobacco, does not increase extra investment, and implements the acid tobacco-planting soil pH regulation to regulate the soil pH value to be more than or equal to 6.0. The regulator of the invention is utilized to increase the pH value of soil, which is not beneficial to the occurrence and development of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank, and the incidence rate is reduced; the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved, and the yield per unit area and planting benefit of the tobacco leaves are increased.

Detailed Description

The components of the modulators of the present invention comprise soluble sugars, preferably including small molecule sugars, and more preferably including glucose.

The sources of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and soluble sugar in the regulator are not particularly limited, and conventional reagents in the field can be utilized.

The regulator of the invention can regulate the pH value of the acidic tobacco-planting soil to be kept at 6.0-7.0.

When the regulator is applied along with water, the application amount of each component is different according to different soil pH values, and specifically as shown in Table 1,

TABLE 1 application rates of different pH values of tobacco-planting soil conditioners

Original soil pH value	Potassium hydroxide	Potassium carbonate	Soluble sugar
				pH＜4.0	30～40kg	8kg	10kg
pH4.0～5.0	25～30kg	6kg	8kg
				5.0＜pH≤6.0	5～10kg	2kg	2kg

When the regulator is applied, the principle of less dose in several times is preferably adopted, more preferably, the regulator is applied in 4 times, and the time is 5-7 days, 20-25 days, 35-40 days and 50-55 days after the tobacco is transplanted respectively. The application amount of the medicament is the same in each time, and is 1/4 of the total amount.

The regulator is applied along with water, preferably field drip irrigation water supply is combined, the regulator is dissolved and then is connected into a main pipe of a drip irrigation network, so that the soil pH regulator enters the soil around the root system of the tobacco plant along with irrigation water and acid ions (Fe) in the soil²⁺、Mn²⁺、H⁺Etc.) to achieve the effect of increasing the pH value of the soil. The water consumption of the regulator is preferably 0.5-0.8 m each time³. When the regulator is applied along with water, the invention preferably keeps the total time of water supply consistent with the total time of regulator injection. According to the invention, the pH value of the soil is preferably measured by an acidimeter 2d after the conditioner is applied with water, and when the pH value does not reach a preset value, the application amount of potassium hydroxide can be properly increased when the conditioner is applied next time.

The invention also provides application of the regulator in reducing the incidence rate of tobacco. In the present invention, when the pH of the soil is increased, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank is preferably reduced. The application of the present invention is preferably the same as the above method, and will not be described herein.

The invention also provides application of the regulator in improving the quality of tobacco leaves. The application of the present invention is preferably the same as the above method, and will not be described herein.

The invention also provides application of the regulator in improving the yield of tobacco leaves. The application of the present invention is preferably the same as the above method, and will not be described herein.

The following will explain the acidity and alkalinity regulator for acidic tobacco-planting soil and its application in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

1. Selecting land parcels:

according to the division of ecological adaptation areas of Chinese tobacco planting divisions, tobacco field planting blocks are reasonably selected, and the test arrangement is in an optimum area-Guiyang county in Hunan province; after soil samples are collected and detected, the pH value of the soil is 4.7. The test area is provided with a matched water source and drip irrigation facilities. The environment of the producing area meets technical conditions of tobacco producing area environment (NY/T852-2004).

2. Flue-cured tobacco seedling raising link

According to the test requirements and in combination with ecological conditions, the main cultivar of the base unit is determined to be the Yunyan 87. The seed quality meets the symptoms of tobacco seeds (GB/T21138-2007), tobacco-coated pelleted seeds (GB/T25240-2010) and heavy metal limit of tobacco-coated seeds (YQ 25-2013). The flue-cured tobacco seedling culture is entrusted to commercial seedling culture specialized households for development, and strong and disease-free tobacco seedlings with strong stems, developed root systems, 7-9 true leaves, 4-5cm high stems, dark green leaves are provided for tests.

3. Fertilizer for field application

8kg of pure nitrogen is applied to each mu, and the ratio of N to P to K is 1: 1-1.5: 2-2.5. Fertilization types are as follows: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate and rapeseed cake fertilizer.

4. Transplanting in field

Transplanting time: 3, month and 20 days. Planting density: 1100 tobacco plants are planted per mu. Film coating management: the covering film needs to be flattened, tensioned and tightly attached to the ridge surface, and the two sides of the covering film are tightly pressed with soil. When transplanting, watering enough water, and taking the water on the bottom soil as the standard. And (5) timely checking the field and replenishing the seedlings 5-7 days after transplanting, and additionally applying eccentric water and eccentric fertilizer to weak seedlings.

5. Management of field

5.1 method for improving acidic soil (test example)

The formula of the acid tobacco-planting soil pH value regulator comprises the following components: 28kg of potassium hydroxide, 5kg of potassium carbonate and 7kg of soluble sugar. Applying the soil pH modifier for 4 times, wherein the time is 5-7 days, 20-25 days, 35-40 days and 50-55 days after the tobacco is transplanted. The tobacco plants are irrigated (drop-irrigated) each time, the soil pH value regulator is dissolved in water and then is connected into a main pipe of a drop-irrigation network, so that the soil pH value regulator enters the soil around the root systems of the tobacco plants along with irrigation water, and the injection speed of the soil pH value regulator is regulated and controlled, so that the total water supply time is consistent with the total time for injecting the regulator.

5.2 acid soil improvement measures for comparison (comparative example)

45kg of quicklime is used per mu, is spread on the surface of the soil before land preparation, and is mixed with the soil along with soil plowing.

5.3 refer to the technical scheme for cultivating flue-cured tobacco in Guiyang county, Chenzhou city for other field management measures.

6. Mature harvest

The principle of 'stably picking middle leaves and slowly picking upper leaves' is adhered to, namely: harvesting the middle leaves when 8-9 yellow, and harvesting the upper leaves fully mature. Classified rod weaving is adopted, and tobacco leaves with different parts and different maturity are strictly forbidden to be mixed and woven. When the tobacco leaves are weaved, the number of single tobacco leaves is properly reduced, the number of tobacco leaves is increased, the distance between the tobacco leaves in the house is uniform, and representative tobacco leaves are hung at the observation window.

7. Survey record of test data and collection and evaluation of tobacco leaf samples

7.1 agronomic trait survey

After the tobacco plants are topped, 10 representative tobacco plants are selected in each cell, and the agronomic characters (plant (stem) height, effective leaf number, tobacco leaf length, tobacco leaf width and growth potential) of the tobacco plants are measured by referring to the industry standard YC/T142-2010.

The results of agronomic trait surveys at different times are shown in tables 2-4:

TABLE 2 main agronomic traits (cm, pieces) of different treatment in the Reunion stage

TABLE 3 Long-term major agronomic traits (cm, piece) different from the treatment flourishing

TABLE 4 different treatment of major agronomic traits (cm, piece) in plateau phase

The main agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco in two places are recorded and known, the test results in the two places are consistent, and the color ratio of the tobacco leaves produced in the test example to the fresh tobacco leaves in the field is concentrated through contrast treatment; the plant height, effective leaf number, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of the tobacco plants in the growing period, the vigorous growing period and the flat top period of the test example are all obviously higher than those of the control example.

7.2 disease incidence survey

The incidence of the tobacco plants in the test examples and the control examples during the whole growth period was examined, and the results are shown in Table 5: the disease incidence rate survey data of different treatments show that the incidence rates of diseases of roots such as bacterial wilt, black shank and the like of tobacco plants in the test example are far lower than those of the control example.

TABLE 5 incidence of major diseases of tobacco plants treated differently

7.3 economic character survey

The tobacco leaves are collected in different regions, the cured tobacco leaves are sorted (green and impurity removed) and classified according to GB 2635-1992 (flue-cured tobacco), and the yield, the average value, the proportion of the superior tobacco leaves, the proportion of the intermediate tobacco leaves and the like are measured. The results are shown in Table 6: compared with the economic characters of the control example, the economic characters of the flue-cured tobacco of the experimental example, such as the yield and the output value of the tobacco leaves per unit area, the proportion of the superior tobacco leaves and the like, are obviously higher than those of the control example.

TABLE 6 Main economic traits of different treatments

7.4 sensory quality assessment

The sensory quality evaluation of the single tobacco material wrapped by the tobacco leaf sample is carried out by the tobacco industry product quality supervision and inspection center of rural agricultural department with reference to the industry standard YC/T138-1998, and the indexes comprise: the strength, concentration, aroma quality, aroma quantity, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas and irritation are respectively assigned, and the total score is aroma quality, aroma quantity, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation, combustibility and gray. The results are shown in Table 7: the odor type, strength and concentration of the tobacco leaves produced in the test example are the same as those of the tobacco leaves produced in the comparison example, the sensory evaluation quality score of the tobacco leaves in the test example is higher than that of the comparison example, and the main indexes are that the scores of 4 indexes of the aroma quality, the aroma quantity, the aftertaste and the miscellaneous gas are higher than that of the comparison example.

TABLE 7 sensory evaluation of tobacco leaf treatment

Note: the flammability and gray scores of both the treated and control tobacco leaves were the same, so both scores are not listed in the table.

7.5 soil pH recording

Before and after the soil pH value regulator is applied each time, the acidity of the soil is detected by using a portable soil pH quick detector, and the results are shown in Table 8: the regulator is applied, so that the pH value of the soil can be maintained at 6.0-6.9; and applying lime for treatment, wherein the pH value of the soil is 4.8-5.2. Therefore, the regulator can maintain the soil pH value suitable for the growth of crops for a long time, and the effect is better than that of lime application.

TABLE 8 soil pH measurement results

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The acid tobacco-planting soil pH value regulator is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 50-75% of potassium hydroxide, 10-20% of potassium carbonate and 5-19% of soluble sugar.

2. The use of the conditioner of claim 1 for regulating the pH of acidic tobacco-planting soil.

3. A method for regulating the acidity and alkalinity of acidic tobacco-planting soil by using the regulator of claim 1, which comprises: when the pH value of the tobacco planting soil to be improved is less than 4, the total amount of the regulator applied along with water is 48.6-58.6 kg/mu;

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the modulator is applied 4 times with water, each time in 1/4 total amounts.

5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the conditioning agent is applied 5-7 d, 20-25 d, 35-40 d and 50-55 d after transplanting the tobacco.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the amount of water used for each application of the regulator is 0.5 to 0.8m³。

7. Use of the modulator of claim 1 to reduce the incidence of tobacco disease.

8. The use of claim 7, wherein the modulator reduces the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank.

9. Use of the modifier of claim 1 to improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

10. Use of the modifier of claim 1 to increase the yield of tobacco leaves.