CN111333616A - 一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料及其合成方法和应用,该近红外荧光染料是在苝酰亚胺供电基一端同时引入两个氮杂环丁烷结构设计合成的一种能够标记生物体内脂滴的荧光染料(LD‑DAze);其结构式如(1)所示,四元环的刚性结构不仅大幅提高了苝酰亚胺的光稳定性,同时使荧光发射波长达到了近红外区域(680‑730nm),波长远大于目前商业脂滴染料。在10nM浓度下,LD‑DAze仍然能够对活细胞内脂滴进行免洗的特异性标记。LD‑DAze还能够原位标记酵母内脂滴并对酵母内脂滴含量进行定量分析。此外,LD‑DAze的近红外激发与发射波长使其在活体内荧光成像中具有重大优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于脂滴荧光染料领域,具体涉及一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
脂滴在膜的运输、蛋白降解、组蛋白存储、病毒识别等生理活动过程中的重要性,这使得细胞及活体内对脂滴的实时、动态监测以及脂滴的可视化显得尤为重要。而借助荧光显微技术与有机荧光分子可以将细胞内脂滴形态、分布、浓度揭示出来。随着超分辨荧光显微技术的迅速发展,荧光成像能够突破衍射极限的限制在纳米尺度揭示细胞内的精细结构,而目前对于脂滴的研究停滞在共聚焦成像阶段,缺少超分辨成像层次的研究以从更细微的结构揭示脂滴功能。
目前,广泛应用的脂滴染料为尼罗红与BODIPY515,二者合适的激发均在488nm,发射在500-580nm。然而,二者光稳定性差,荧光背景强,组织穿透能力弱,无法实现组织及活体的长时间、实时成像。而激发与发射波长最长的商业脂滴荧光染料为637nm/655nm,其组织穿透深度仍然不能满足活体内对脂滴监测。所以,近红外区域(>650nm)尤其荧光波长大于700nm的脂滴荧光染料的开发与应用显得极为迫切且有着开阔前景。同时,亟待脂滴染料光稳定性以及生物相容性的提高,使脂滴研究在长时间、活体以及超分辨成像领域中实现突破。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料及其合成方法和应用。
本发明提供一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料,以苝酰亚胺为荧光基团,在其9,10-位引入两个氮杂环丁烷使其荧光激发波长与荧光发射波长均达到近红外区(荧光发射大于710nm)。该荧光染料能特异性标记细胞内脂滴,具有荧光发射波长长、荧光亮度高、光稳定性强、染色浓度低速度快、生物相容性好等特点。
一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料,该荧光染料具有如下结构:
一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料的合成方法,用于脂滴标记的荧光染料合成路线,如下:
具体合成步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与二甘醇胺溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸混合液中;将反应液加热至100-140℃,搅拌1-10h;将反应液泠却至室温后倒入冰水中抽滤得黑色固体,真空干燥,硅胶柱(200-300目二氧化硅)分离,以二氯甲烷:石油醚(体积比1:6-4:1)为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂得深红色固体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺。
(2)染料N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺溶于乙二醇甲醚中,并向其中加入氮杂环丁烷;而后将反应液缓慢升温至90-130℃,并在氮气保护下反应10-24h;减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱(200-300目二氧化硅)分离,以二氯甲烷:石油醚(体积比1:1-1:0)为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂,得蓝色固体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺。
步骤(1)中特征在于:9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与二甘醇胺的质量比为2-5:1;9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的质量与N-甲基吡咯烷酮与醋酸混合液的体积比为1:20-60(g:mL);N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸的体积比为1-3:3-4。
步骤(2)中特征在于:N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与氮杂环丁烷的质量比为1-4:1-5;氮杂环丁烷与乙二醇甲醚质量与体积比为5-80:1(mg:mL)。
本发明提供一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料的合成方法,该方法具有提纯简单、操作简便等优点。
一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料在活细胞内以及活体内对脂滴的荧光成像、脂滴含量的定量分析及脂滴过量表达的监测领域的应用。
上述一种脂滴荧光染料在活细胞及活体内能够对脂类进行特异性标记并实现超分辨荧光成像。
本发明具有以下特点:
本发明的染料拥有合成原料低价、方法简单且易于衍生等优点。
本发明的染料在在不同有机溶剂中荧光波长能够达到700nm以上,达到近红外区,有利于活细胞、组织及活体成像;此外,9,10-位刚性结构提高了苝酰亚胺稳定性,使其实现了对脂滴的超分辨荧光成像。
本发明的染料能够对HT29(结肠癌细胞)、MCF(乳腺癌细胞)、脂肪细胞等多种细胞系的脂滴进行精准定位;能够实现对斑马鱼肝脏的荧光成像。该染料可应用于脂滴与其他细胞器相互作用研究、脂滴融合等研究中。
附图说明
图1实施例3制备的N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(LD-DBr)的核磁谱图氢谱。
图2实施例3制备的N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(LD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱。
图3为实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze在乙醇中荧光激发与发射谱图,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度,荧光探针的浓度为10μM。
图4中实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze在产油酵母中的荧光成像图。
图5中实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze在MCF活细胞中的荧光成像图。
图6中实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze在HT29活细胞中的荧光成像图。
图7中实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze在脂肪细胞活细胞中的荧光成像图。
图8中实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze在HT29活细胞中的超分辨荧光成像图。
图9中实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze在不同浓度对脂肪细胞染色后的荧光成像图。
图10中实施例3制备的脂滴染料LD-DAze对斑马鱼染色后的荧光成像图,左图为斑马鱼宽敞成像图,右侧为斑马鱼的荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
脂滴荧光染料LD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基--9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.0g,1.63mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液60mL(3:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加二甘醇胺(500mg,14.5mmol)。100℃反应5h后,将反应液倒入250mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑素固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1-1:4,V/V)得红色固体248mg,产率43%。
染料N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(LD-DAze)的合成:
将LD-DBr(200mg,0.28mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(208mg,2.84mmol)溶于10mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至130℃。24h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷)得蓝绿色固体69mg,产率37%。
经检测,其结构如上式LD-DAze所示,其在乙醇中的荧光发射波长达到了733nm,激发波长为706nm,激发与发射波长达到了近红外发射波长。
实施例2
脂滴荧光染料LD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基--9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(2.4g,3.92mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液144mL(4:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加二甘醇胺(480mg,13.9mmol)。140℃反应2h后,将反应液倒入300mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑素固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1-1:4,V/V)得红色固体539mg,产率39%。
染料N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(LD-DAze)的合成:
将LD-DBr(600mg,0.84mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(150mg,2.05mmol)溶于30mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至90℃。24h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷)得蓝绿色固体84mg,产率15%。
经检测,其结构如上式LD-DAze所示,其在乙醇中的荧光发射波长达到了733nm,激发波长为706nm,激发与发射波长达到了近红外发射波长。
实施例3
脂滴荧光染料LD-DAze的合成方法。
中间体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基--9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将1,6,7,12-四氯-9,10-二溴-3,4-苝酐(1.2g,1.96mmol)溶于乙酸与N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合液24mL(1:1,V/V),而后向其中滴加二甘醇胺(303mg,8.79mmol)。120℃反应6h后,将反应液倒入250mL冰水中,沉降并过滤得黑色固体。黑素固体经硅胶柱分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1-1:4,V/V)得红色固体380mg,产率55%。实施例3制备的N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(LD-DBr)的核磁谱图氢谱如图1所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(s,2H),8.13(s,2H),4.67–4.41(m,2H),3.88(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.71(d,J=4.5Hz,2H),3.67(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),2.38(s,1H).
染料N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(LD-DAze)的合成:
将LD-DBr(200mg,0.28mmol)与氮杂环丁烷(1000mg,14.3mmol)溶于12.5mL乙二醇甲醚,并将其加热至120℃。24h后减压除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱分离(展开剂:二氯甲烷)得蓝绿色固体60mg,产率32%。实施例3制备的染料N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二-氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺(LD-DAze)的核磁谱图氢谱如图2所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.53(s,2H),6.57(s,2H),4.57–4.37(m,2H),4.10(s,8H),3.88(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),3.71(s,4H),2.50(s,4H).
经检测,其结构如上式LD-DAze所示。
将LD-DAze溶解于DMSO溶液中,配制成2mM母液,根据需要制配成不同浓度测试溶液,检测其荧光光谱及真菌、细胞内脂滴荧光成像。
LD-DAze在乙醇中的荧光发射与激发光谱测试。每次取20μL LD-DAze母液,加入4mL乙醇中,配制成10μM的荧光探针测试液,并进行荧光光谱的测试。
LD-DAze在乙醇中的归一化荧光谱图如图3所示:荧光探针浓度为10μM,LD-DAze乙醇中的荧光发射波长达到了733nm,激发波长为706nm,激发与发射波长达到了近红外发射波长。
实施例4
LD-DAze对产油酵母染色后荧光成像测试。取0.5μL LD-DAze母液溶于1mL产油酵母培养基中,室温孵育5分钟后进行荧光共聚焦成像。
LD-DAze终浓度为1μM的培养基孵育产油酵母5分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图4所示:每个产油酵母中含有1-3个较大脂滴,含油量高。LD-DAze能够对酵母内脂滴进行特异性标记。
实施例5
LD-DAze对活细胞染色后荧光成像测试。取0.5μL LD-DAze母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,5%CO2下孵育15分钟后分别进行荧光共聚焦成像及SIM(结构光照明显微镜)成像。
LD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育乳腺癌细胞(MCF)15分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图5所示:MCF细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,LD-DAze能够标记MCF细胞内脂滴。
LD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育结肠癌细胞(HT-29)15分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图6所示:HT-29细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,LD-DAze能够标记HT-29细胞内脂滴。
LD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育脂肪细胞(HT-29)15分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图7所示:脂肪细胞内圆形脂滴清晰可见,LD-DAze对不同大小脂滴均能实现染色。
LD-DAze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育结肠癌细胞(HT-29)10分钟后SIM成像图如图8所示:HT-29细胞内脂滴结构更清晰,分辨率达到130nm;LD-DAze能够实现对活细胞内脂滴的超分辨荧光成像。
实施例6
不同浓度下LD-DAze对脂肪细胞染色后荧光成像测试。取适当体积LD-DAze母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,5%CO2下孵育15分钟后分别进行荧光共聚焦成像成像。
LD-DAze不同浓度下对脂肪细胞进行染色后的荧光成像效果图如图9所示:Cidec-GFP是连接有绿色荧光蛋白的脂滴膜蛋白,可清晰看到环状脂滴单层膜结构。由叠加图可以清晰看到,LD-DAze能够在10nM浓度下依然特异性标记活细胞内脂滴,具有很高特异性。
实施例7
LD-DAze对活体斑马鱼染色后荧光成像测试。取1μL LD-DAze母液溶于1mL斑马鱼幼鱼(3-5天)培养液中,并在室温孵育20分钟后进行共聚焦荧光成像。
LD-DAze终浓度为2μM的斑马鱼培养液孵育斑马鱼幼鱼20分钟后共聚焦荧光成像图如图10所示:右侧荧光成像图中LD-DAze能够对斑马鱼体内脂类代谢中心肝脏进行特异性标记,LD-DAze能够实现活体荧光成像。
Claims (5)
2.一种如权利要求1所述的用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料的合成方法,其特征在于包含步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:
将9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与二甘醇胺溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸混合液中;将反应液加热至100-140℃,搅拌1-10h;将反应液泠却至室温后倒入冰水中抽滤得黑色固体,真空干燥,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比为1:0.25~6的二氯甲烷和石油醚(为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂得深红色固体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺;
(2)染料N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的合成:将N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺溶于乙二醇甲醚中,并向其中加入氮杂环丁烷;而后将反应液缓慢升温至90-130℃,并在氮气保护下反应10-24h;减压除去溶剂,经200-300目二氧化硅硅胶柱分离,以体积比1:0~1的二氯甲烷和石油醚为洗脱剂,减压除去溶剂,得蓝色固体N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二氮杂环丁基-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料的合成方法,其特征步骤(1)中,9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与二甘醇胺的质量比为2-5:1;
9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺的质量与N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸混合液的体积比为1:20-60g/mL;
N-甲基吡咯烷酮与冰醋酸的体积比为1-3:3-4。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料的合成方法,其特征步骤(1)中N-(2-(2-羟基)-乙氧基)乙基-9,10-二溴-1,6,7,12-四氯苝酰亚胺与氮杂环丁烷的质量比为1-4:1-5;
氮杂环丁烷的质量与乙二醇甲醚的体积比为5-80:1g/mL。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种用于脂滴标记的近红外荧光染料在活细胞内以及活体内对脂滴的荧光成像、脂滴含量的定量分析及脂滴过量表达的监测领域的应用。
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