CN111320714B - 肟酯类光引发剂、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
肟酯类光引发剂、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111320714B CN111320714B CN201811526328.1A CN201811526328A CN111320714B CN 111320714 B CN111320714 B CN 111320714B CN 201811526328 A CN201811526328 A CN 201811526328A CN 111320714 B CN111320714 B CN 111320714B
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- compound
- oxime ester
- meth
- substituted
- photoinitiator
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种肟酯类光引发剂、其制备方法及应用。该肟酯类光引发剂具有通式(I)所示结构:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学领域,具体而言,涉及一种肟酯类光引发剂、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
光刻胶作为微细加工技术中的关键化工原材料,主要用于电子工业中集成电路和半导体分立器件的微细加工,同时在平板显示、发光二极管、倒扣封装、磁头及精密传感器等制作过程中有着广泛的应用。利用光刻胶具有光化学敏感性,可进行光化学反应,将光刻胶涂布在半导体、导体或绝缘体基片上,经曝光、显影后留下的部分对基片起保护作用,然后采用蚀刻剂进行蚀刻就可以将所需要的微细图形从掩膜版转移到待加工基片上,并进行扩散、离子注入、金属化等工艺。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对电子产品的轻量化及视觉感光度也提出了更高的要求,这就对图案的精细度和直线性提出了更高的要求。
然而,一般情况下,由于配方物质的固有属性,在碱洗后,难以获得较佳的显影性或高精细度的图案直线性,如何同时提升显影性、高精细度的图案直线性及轮廓角,以达到目前要求,为本发明所属技术领域中努力研究的目标。
发明内容
本发明人通过研发发现,通过向肟酯光引发剂中引入水溶性酸性基团,能够有效的解决现有的肟酯光引发剂因感度过高容易造成的显影过度的咬边问题。
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种肟酯类光引发剂,其具有通式(I)所示结构:
通式(I)中,n表示0或1;Ra、Rb相互独立的表示H、硝基、卤素、氰基、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基,p为1-3的整数,q为1-3的整数;Y表示R3或C(=O)R3,R3表示连接键、取代或未被取代的C3-C20的亚环烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C20的亚芳基、取代或未被取代的C4-C20的杂亚芳基;A表示O、S、Se、N(R4)、C(R5)(R6)或C1-C5的亚烷基,其中,R4、R5、R6相互独立地表示氢、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基、C2-C20的直链或支链的链烯基、C3-C20的环烷基、C4-C20的环烷基烷基或C4-C20的烷基环烷基;B表示空、连接键或C1-C5的亚烷基;R1、R2相互独立的表示H、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基、C2-C20的直链或支链的链烯基、C3-C20的环烷基、C4-C20的环烷基烷基、C4-C20的烷基环烷基或C6-C20的芳基,任选地,R1和R2中的非环-CH2-可被-O-、-S-或-NH-所取代,氢可被卤素或C1-C5的烷基所取代。
根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种该肟酯类光引发剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:将化合物c与化合物d按照以下反应路线进行酯化反应,得到肟酯类光引发剂,化合物c为化合物d为其中n、Ra、Rb、p、q、Y、A、B、R1、R2具有上述相同的定义,其中X1为卤素原子。
根据本发明的又一方面,还提供了一种肟酯类光引发剂在光固化领域的应用。
根据本发明的又一方面,还提供了一种光固化树脂组合物,包括上述的肟酯类光引发剂。
本发明提供了一种含有水溶性基团的肟酯类光引发剂,通过在肟酯类化合物中引入水溶性的酸性基团,形成的肟酯类光引发剂不仅保持了肟酯光引发剂感度高的特性,而且应用后形成的图案具有直线性好、显影残渣少的特性,具有很强的应用前景。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本申请作进一步详细描述,这些实施例不能理解为限制本申请所要求保护的范围。
肟酯光引发剂由于其优异的感光性能被广泛用于光刻胶配方中,但是这些肟酯光引发剂往往存在感度过高造成显影过度的咬边问题。本发明人通过研发发现,通过向肟酯光引发剂中引入水溶性酸性基团,能够有效的解决这一难题。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种肟酯类光引发剂,其具有通式(I)所示结构:
通式(I)中,
n表示0或1;
Ra、Rb相互独立的表示H、硝基、卤素、氰基、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基,p为1-3的整数,q为1-3的整数;
Y表示R3或C(=O)R3,R3表示连接键、取代或未被取代的C3-C20的亚环烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C20的亚芳基、取代或未被取代的C4-C20的杂亚芳基;
A表示O、S、Se、N(R4)、C(R5)(R6)或C1-C5的亚烷基,其中,R4、R5、R6相互独立地表示氢、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基、C2-C20的直链或支链的链烯基、C3-C20的环烷基、C4-C20的环烷基烷基或C4-C20的烷基环烷基;
B表示空、连接键或C1-C5的亚烷基;
R1、R2相互独立的表示H、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基、C2-C20的直链或支链的链烯基、C3-C20的环烷基、C4-C20的环烷基烷基、C4-C20的烷基环烷基或C6-C20的芳基,任选地,R1和R2中的非环-CH2-可被-O-、-S-或-NH-所取代,氢可被卤素或C1-C5的烷基所取代。
本发明通过在肟酯类化合物中引入水溶性的酸性基团,形成的肟酯类光引发剂不仅保持了肟酯光引发剂感度高的特性,而且应用后形成的图案具有直线性好、显影残渣少的特性,具有很强的应用前景。
为了进一步提高肟酯类光引发剂的综合性能,在一种优选的实施方式中,Y中的R3表示连接键、取代或未被取代的C4-C8的亚环烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C12的亚芳基、取代或未被取代的C6-C12的杂亚芳基。
非限制性地,肟酯类光引发剂包括以下化合物中的一种或多种:
根据本发明的另一个方面,还提供了一种肟酯类光引发剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:将化合物c与化合物d按照以下反应路线进行酯化反应,得到肟酯类光引发剂,化合物c为化合物d为其中n、Ra、Rb、p、q、Y、A、B、R1、R2具有与权利要求1中相同的定义,其中X1为卤素原子。
采用上述方法制备的肟酯类光引发剂不仅保持了肟酯光引发剂感度高的特性,而且应用后形成的图案具有直线性好、显影残渣少的特性,具有很强的应用前景。同时,该方法操作简单,后处理方便,产率较高且产物纯度较高。
上述酯化反应可以在有机溶剂中进行,且对于具体的溶剂类型没有特别限定,只要能够溶解原料且对反应无不良影响即可,如二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等。酯化反应的具体反应温度、时间等都是可以根据原料类型进行调整的,在此不再赘述。
当n=0时,将化合物b在盐酸羟胺和醋酸钠的作用下进行肟化反应,形成化合物c,此时m=0;
当n=1时,将化合物b与亚硝酸酯或亚硝酸盐进行肟化反应,形成化合物c,此时m=1。
在实际合成过程中,上述反应在溶剂体系中进行,对使用的溶剂种类并没有特别限定,只要能够溶解原料且对反应无不良影响即可。优选地,当n=0时,使用的溶剂可以是醇和水的混合溶剂,优选乙醇和水的混合溶剂;反应在加热回流状态下进行。优选地,当n=1时,使用的溶剂可以是二氯甲烷、苯、甲苯、四氢呋喃等。更优选地,亚硝酸酯为亚硝酸乙酯、亚硝酸异戊酯、亚硝酸异辛酯中的一种或多种;进一步优选地,亚硝酸盐为亚硝酸钠和/或亚硝酸钾。
在一种优选的实施方式中,当化合物b中的Y为权利要求1中的R3时,化合物b由以下方法制备而成:将化合物a1与化合物a2进行傅克酰基化反应,得到化合物b,化合物a1为化合物a2为其中Ra、Rb、p、q、A、B、R1、m具有与权利要求5中相同的定义,X2为卤素原子。
通过傅克酰基化反应,中的酰基取代化合物a1右侧苯环上的氢原子,形成化合物b。为了进一步提高反应的效率和产率,优选地,化合物a1与化合物a2在第一催化剂的作用下进行傅克酰基化反应,第一催化剂为三氯化铝和/或氯化锌;更优选地,化合物a1与化合物a2的反应时间为2~10h,反应温度为-10~30℃。实际合成过程在溶剂体系中进行,对使用的溶剂种类并没有特别限定,只要能够溶解原料且对反应无不良影响即可,优选二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等。
在一种优选的实施方式中,当化合物b中的Y为权利要求1中的C(=O)R3时,化合物b由以下方法制备而成:
上述反应可以在溶剂体系中进行,对使用的有机溶剂种类并没有特别限定,只要能够溶解原料且对反应无不良影响即可,如二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等。为了进一步提高反应效率,优选地,化合物a3与化合物a4在第二催化剂的作用下进行傅克酰基化反应,第二催化剂为三氯化铝和/或氯化锌;更优选地,化合物a5与酸酐化合物在第三催化剂的作用下进行反应,第三催化剂为三氯化铝和/或氯化锌。反应时间根据原料种类略有差异,通常化合物a5与酸酐化合物的反应时间为2~8h。
根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种上述肟酯类光引发剂在光固化领域的应用。
另外,本发明还提供了一种光固化树脂组合物,包括上述肟酯类光引发剂。鉴于肟酯类光引发剂携带水溶性酸性基团,引入该光引发剂后的光固化树脂组合物形成的图案具有直线性好、显影残渣少的特性。更优选地,上述光光固化树脂组合物还包括聚合性化合物、碱溶性树脂和助剂。
作为聚合性化合物,可选用光固化领域中通常使用的那些类别。优选地,所述的聚合性化合物是具有烯键式不饱和双键的光聚合物单体化合物,例如,(甲基)丙烯酰胺、羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、甲氧基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙氧基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、丙氧基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、丁氧基甲氧基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-羟基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、(甲基)丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸、衣康酸酐、柠康酸、柠康酸酐、巴豆酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、叔丁基丙烯酰胺磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-苯氧基-2-羟基丙酯、邻苯二甲酸2-(甲基)丙烯酰基氧基-2-羟基丙酯、甘油单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、二甲基氨基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2,2,3,3-四氟丙酯、邻苯二甲酸衍生物的(甲基)丙烯酸半酯等。1,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,12-十二烷二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二甲醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基-3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙酯、二季戊四醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(乙烯-丙烯)二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化双酚A二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙氧基化双酚A二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙氧基化乙氧基化双酚A二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2,2-双(4-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基二乙氧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基聚乙氧基苯基)丙烷、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基-3-(甲基)丙烯酰基氧基丙酯、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油三丙烯酸酯、甘油聚缩水甘油醚聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯(即,甲苯二异氰酸酯)、三甲基-1,6-己二异氰酸酯和1,6-己二异氰酸酯等与(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯的反应物、亚甲基双(甲基)丙烯酰胺、(甲基)丙烯酰胺亚甲基醚、多元醇与N-羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺的缩合物、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪(triacrylformal)、2,4,6-三氧代六氢-1,3,5-三嗪-1,3,5-三乙醇三丙烯酸酯、及2,4,6-三氧代六氢-1,3,5-三嗪-1,3,5-三乙醇二丙烯酸酯等。聚合性化合物的使用可以是单一一种,也可以是两种以上组合使用。基于光固化树脂组合物的固态成分,聚合性化合物的含量可以是5-60质量%,优选10-50质量%。
碱溶性树脂可从一直以来在各种光固化组合物中配合使用的树脂中适当选择。通过在光固化组合物中使用碱溶性树脂,可进一步提高碱显影性。所述的碱溶性树脂优选是(甲基)丙烯酸酯类共聚物。基于光固化树脂组合物的固态成分,碱溶性树脂的含量可以是0-90质量%,优选10-80质量%。
根据需要,光固化树脂组合物中还可含有本领域中的各种常规助剂。非限制性地,可例举出溶剂、表面调节剂、敏化剂、固化促进剂、光交联剂、光敏化剂、分散助剂、填充剂、密合促进剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗絮凝剂、热聚合阻止剂、消泡剂、表面活性剂、链转移剂等。所有的添加剂均可使用现有已知的物质。作为表面活性剂,可例举出阴离子系化合物、阳离子系化合物、非离子系化合物等。作为密合性提高剂,可例举出硅烷偶联剂等。作为热聚合阻止剂,可例举出氢醌、氢醌单乙基醚等。作为消泡剂,可例举出聚硅氧烷系化合物、氟系化合物等。
实际应用表明,本发明的上述含水溶性肟酯类光引发剂在应用中具有光引发效率高、使用后显影少残渣、细线宽的特性的特点,具有很好的市场前景。
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明的有益效果:
制备实施例
实施例1
(1)中间体1b的合成
向1000mL的四口烧瓶中加入112.1g中间体1a、三氯化铝66.7g、二氯甲烷200mL,冰水浴降至0℃,滴加77.3g原料1b与100mL二氯甲烷的混合溶液,控温10℃以下,约2h滴加完,滴加完继续搅拌2h,液相跟踪反应至完全,接着将物料缓慢倒入400g冰水与50mL浓盐酸(37%)配成的稀盐酸中,边加边搅拌,后倒入分液漏斗中,分出下层二氯甲烷层,并用50mL二氯甲烷继续清洗水层,合并二氯甲烷层,用5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(每次150mL,共3次)清洗二氯甲烷层,接着水洗二氯甲烷层至pH呈中性,用80g无水硫酸镁干燥二氯甲烷层,过滤后旋蒸二氯甲烷产物溶液,甲醇重结晶,70℃烘箱干燥2h,得138.7g中间体1a,收率81%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):344(M)。
(2)中间体1c的合成
向500mL四口烧瓶中加入65.8g中间体3b、盐酸羟胺13.9g、醋酸钠16.4g、100mL乙醇、50mL水,85℃加热回流搅拌5h后停止反应,将物料倒入1000mL大烧杯中,加入500mL水搅拌,使用100mL二氯甲烷萃取,在萃取液中加入30g无水MgSO4干燥,抽滤,将滤液减压旋蒸除去溶剂,旋转瓶中得到油状粘稠物,将粘稠物倒入100mL石油醚中搅拌析出,抽滤,得白色粉末状固体,70℃烘5h,得中间体1c 53.6g,收率75%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):359(M)。
(3)化合物1的合成
向250mL四口烧瓶中加入35.7g中间体1c、100mL二氯甲烷,室温下搅拌5min,然后滴加16.1g环戊基丙酰氯,约30min滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,然后加入5%NaHCO3水溶液调pH值至中性,分液漏斗分出有机层,再用100mL水洗2遍,20g无水MgSO4干燥,过滤后旋蒸出溶剂,得粘稠状液体,甲醇重结晶得到白色固体粉末,过滤,得化合物1共43.5g,收率93%,纯度99%。
化合物1结构通过核磁共振氢谱和质谱得到确认。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):1.4597-1.5307(8H,m),2.0902-2.1922(3H,m),3.9117-3.9918(3H,m),7.0637-8.0708(11H,m),10.9256-11.9033(1H,s)。
MS(m/z):468(M)+。
实施例2
(1)中间体2a的合成
向1000mL的四口烧瓶中加入90.1g中间体2a、三氯化铝66.7g、二氯甲烷200mL,冰水浴降至0℃,滴加46.3g原料2b与100mL二氯甲烷的混合溶液,控温10℃以下,约2h滴加完,滴加完继续搅拌2h,液相跟踪反应至完全,接着将物料缓慢倒入400g冰水与50mL浓盐酸(37%)配成的稀盐酸中,边加边搅拌,后倒入分液漏斗中,分出下层二氯甲烷层,并用50mL二氯甲烷继续清洗水层,合并二氯甲烷层,用5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(每次150mL,共3次)清洗二氯甲烷层,接着水洗二氯甲烷层至pH呈中性,用80g无水硫酸镁干燥二氯甲烷层,过滤后旋蒸二氯甲烷产物溶液,甲醇重结晶,70℃烘箱干燥2h,得109.9g中间体2a,收率93%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):237(M+1)+。
(2)中间体2b的合成
向500mL的四口烧瓶中加入70.9.7g中间体2a、三氯化铝80.0g、二氯乙烷150mL,搅拌升温至50℃,滴加44.4g原料2c与50mL二氯乙烷的混合溶液,约1h滴加完,滴加完继续保温搅拌1h,液相跟踪反应至完全,接着将物料缓慢倒入400g冰水与50mL浓盐酸(37%)配成的稀盐酸中,边加边搅拌,后倒入分液漏斗中,分出下层二氯甲烷层,并用50mL二氯乙烷继续清洗水层,合并二氯乙烷层,用5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(每次150mL,共3次)清洗二氯乙烷层,接着水洗二氯乙烷层至pH呈中性,用80g无水硫酸镁干燥二氯乙烷层,过滤后旋蒸二氯乙烷产物溶液,甲醇重结晶,70℃烘箱干燥2h,得118.9g中间体2b,收率97%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):384(M)。
(3)中间体2c的合成
向250mL四口烧瓶中加入76.9g中间体2b、37%的盐酸19.7g、亚硝酸异戊酯23.4g、100mL四氢呋喃,常温搅拌5h,停止反应。将物料倒入1000mL大烧杯中,加入500mL水搅拌,使用100mL二氯甲烷萃取,在萃取液中加30g无水MgSO4干燥,抽滤,将滤液减压旋蒸除去溶剂,旋转瓶中得到油状粘稠物,将粘稠物倒入100mL石油醚中搅拌析出,抽滤,得白色粉末状固体,60℃烘5h,得中间体2c 59.5g,收率72%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):413M)。
(4)化合物2的合成
向250mL四口烧瓶中加入41.3g中间体2c、100mL二氯甲烷,室温下搅拌5min,然后滴加7.9g乙酰氯,约30min滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,然后加入5%NaHCO3水溶液调pH值至中性,分液漏斗分出有机层,再用100mL水洗2遍,20g无水MgSO4干燥,过滤后旋蒸出溶剂,得粘稠状液体,甲醇重结晶得到白色固体粉末,过滤,得化合物2共43.3g,收率95%,纯度99%。
化合物2结构通过核磁共振氢谱和质谱得到确认。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):1.8594-1.9037(3H,s),2.0829-2.1312(3H,s),3.9047-3.9113(2H,s),7.4631-8.2768(10H,m),10.8206-11.8043(1H,s)。
MS(m/z):455(M)。
实施例3
(1)中间体3a的合成
向500mL的四口烧瓶中加入104.6g中间体3a、三氯化铝66.7g、二氯甲烷200mL,冰水浴降至0℃,滴加73.3g原料3b与100mL二氯甲烷的混合溶液,控温10℃以下,约2h滴加完,滴加完继续搅拌2h,液相跟踪反应至完全,接着将物料缓慢倒入400g冰水与50mL浓盐酸(37%)配成的稀盐酸中,边加边搅拌,后倒入分液漏斗中,分出下层二氯甲烷层,并用50mL二氯甲烷继续清洗水层,合并二氯甲烷层,用5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(每次150mL,共3次)清洗二氯甲烷层,接着水洗二氯甲烷层至pH呈中性,用80g无水硫酸镁干燥二氯甲烷层,过滤后旋蒸二氯甲烷产物溶液,甲醇重结晶,80℃烘箱干燥2h,得145.3g中间体3a,收率91%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):320(M+1)+。
(2)中间体3b的合成
向500mL的四口烧瓶中加入95.8g中间体3a、三氯化铝80.0g、二氯乙烷150mL,搅拌升温至50℃,滴加48.6g原料3b与50mL二氯乙烷的混合溶液,约1h滴加完,滴加完继续保温搅拌2h,液相跟踪反应至完全,接着将物料缓慢倒入400g冰水与50mL浓盐酸(37%)配成的稀盐酸中,边加边搅拌,后倒入分液漏斗中,分出下层二氯乙烷层,并用50mL二氯乙烷继续清洗水层,合并二氯乙烷层,用5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(每次150mL,共3次)清洗二氯乙烷层,接着水洗二氯乙烷层至pH呈中性,用80g无水硫酸镁干燥二氯乙烷层,过滤后旋蒸二氯乙烷产物溶液,甲醇重结晶,80℃烘箱干燥2h,得138.7g中间体3b,收率87%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):481(M)。
(3)中间体3c的合成
向500mL四口烧瓶中加入96.3g中间体3b、盐酸羟胺13.9g、醋酸钠16.4g、100mL乙醇、50mL水,85℃加热回流搅拌5h后停止反应,将物料倒入1000mL大烧杯中,加入500mL水搅拌,使用100mL二氯甲烷萃取,在萃取液中加入30g无水MgSO4干燥,抽滤,将滤液减压旋蒸除去溶剂,旋转瓶中得到油状粘稠物,将粘稠物倒入100mL石油醚中搅拌析出,抽滤,得白色粉末状固体,70℃烘5h,得中间体3c 69.5g,收率75%,纯度98%,MS(m/z):496(M)。
(4)化合物3的合成
向250mL四口烧瓶中加入49.7g中间体3c、100mL二氯甲烷,室温下搅拌5min,然后滴加13.2g丙酸酐,约30min滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,然后加入5%NaHCO3水溶液调pH值至中性,分液漏斗分出有机层,再用200mL水洗2遍,50g无水MgSO4干燥,过滤后旋蒸出溶剂,得粘稠状液体,甲醇重结晶得到白色固体粉末,过滤,得产品50.2g,收率96%,纯度99%。
化合物3结构通过核磁共振氢谱和质谱得到确认。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):0.9929-1.1025(6H,t),1.4706-1.5243(9H,m),2.2066-2.3577(7H,m),2.6540-2.7013(2H,d),6.3832-7.7126(9H,m),10.8832-11.7126(1H,s)。
MS(m/z):522(M)。
实施例4-40
参照实施例1或2的方法,由相应原料制备具有所示结构的化合物3-40。
表1
性能表征
通过配制代表性光固化树脂组合物,对本发明式(I)所示光引发剂的固化速度、清晰度、截面形状等应用性能进行评价,具体步骤如下:
(1)配制如下组成的光固化树脂组合物:
上述组合物中,光引发剂为本发明的式(I)化合物或现有技术中已知光引发剂(作为对比)。
(2)固化速度
将上述组合物在黄光灯下搅拌,取料于PET模板上利用滚涂成膜,在90℃下干燥2min,得到干膜厚为2μm的涂膜,然后冷却至室温,用高压汞灯(曝光机型号:RW-UV70201,单次曝光量50mJ/cm2)照射对涂膜进行曝光,使其固化成膜。
以涂膜固化成固化膜所经过履式曝光带的次数评价,经过次数越多,表明固化速度越不理想。
(3)清晰度
使用具有线宽30μm-120μm的图案的光掩膜进行曝光,针对固化膜目视观察残存在基板上的最细线宽的固化涂膜,作为清晰度进行评价。
(4)截面形状
基于上述制作工序制作形成有宽80μm的固化涂膜的基板,切断布线基板,利用封固树脂(环氧树脂)封固切割面。接下来,在研磨封固的截面后,利用金属显微镜或电子扫描显微镜,对固化涂膜的截面测定表面侧端部的宽度(x)和底部侧(深部侧)端部的宽度(y),当y比x单侧小不足10μm的截面形状评价为A,当y比x单侧小不足10μm且低于15μm的截面形状评价为B,当y比x单侧大于15μm的截面形状评价为C。
(5)显影性
显影之后通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察光刻胶图案,以评价显影性。
显影性根据以下标准评价:
□:在未曝光部分未观察到残留物;
△:在未曝光部分观察到少量残留物,但残留量可以接受;
×:在未曝光部分观察到明显残留物。
表征结果如表2中所示。
表2
从表2的测试结果可以看出,本发明的通式(I)所示的含有水溶性基团的肟酯类光引发剂的固化速度与现有的肟酯光引发剂相当,但形成图像的清晰度及截面形状来看,具有直线性好的特性,并且显影残渣少,综合性能明显优于现有的肟酯类光引发剂产品。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种肟酯类光引发剂,其特征在于,所述肟酯类光引发剂具有通式(I)所示结构:
所述通式(I)中,
n表示0或1;
Ra、Rb相互独立的表示H、硝基、卤素、氰基、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基,p为1-3的整数,q为1-3的整数;
Y表示R3或C(=O)R3,R3表示连接键、取代或未被取代的C3-C20的亚环烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C20的亚芳基、取代或未被取代的C4-C20的杂亚芳基;
A表示O、S、Se、N(R4)、C(R5)(R6)或C1-C5的亚烷基,其中,R4、R5、R6相互独立地表示氢、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基、C3-C20的环烷基、C4-C20的环烷基烷基或C4-C20的烷基环烷基;
B表示空、连接键或C1-C5的亚烷基;
R1、R2相互独立的表示H、C1-C20的直链或支链的烷基、C2-C20的直链或支链的链烯基、C3-C20的环烷基、C4-C20的环烷基烷基、C4-C20的烷基环烷基或C6-C20的芳基,所述R1和所述R2中的非环-CH2-可被-O-、-S-或-NH-所取代,所述R1和所述R2中的氢可被卤素或C1-C5的烷基所取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肟酯类光引发剂,其特征在于,Y中的R3表示连接键、取代或未被取代的C4-C8的亚环烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C12的亚芳基、取代或未被取代的C6-C12的杂亚芳基。
8.一种权利要求1至3中任一项所述的肟酯类光引发剂在光固化领域的应用。
9.一种光固化树脂组合物,包括光引发剂,其特征在于,所述光引发剂为权利要求1至3中任一项所述的肟酯类光引发剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的光固化树脂组合物,其特征在于,还包括聚合性化合物、碱溶性树脂和助剂。
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