CN111316807A - Water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchard - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchards. Based on the movable head, a drip irrigation pipe network is installed in the mountain orchard. In different growth periods, a certain fertilization formula is adopted, and the drip irrigation pipe network is used to irrigate the orchard with integrated water and fertilizer to supplement water and nutrients. The invention is suitable for mountain orchards in arid and semi-arid regions, and can not only reduce the facility cost of the drip irrigation system in mountain orchards, but also improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, thereby improving the yield, fruit quality and economic benefit of the orchard.

Description

A water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchards

technical field

The invention belongs to the fields of farmland water conservancy and water-saving irrigation, and relates to the layout of a drip irrigation pipe network in mountain orchards in arid and semi-arid areas, and the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation and fertilization formula and mode.

Background technique

Problems such as shortage of resources and environmental safety have forced the use of agricultural water and chemical fertilizers to develop towards high-efficiency agricultural production technologies such as drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer. The existing drip irrigation system consists of water source, header, main pipe, branch pipe and capillary pipe. The first part includes filtration and fertilization devices, as well as monitoring equipment such as intake and exhaust valves, pressure gauges, flow meters and valves. Among them, filtration and fertilization devices are the key equipment of the drip irrigation system. They are used for water filtration and uniform injection of fertilizer solution to ensure The drip irrigation system is functioning normally.

The mountain orchards in the loess area are small and scattered, which increases the investment per unit area of drip irrigation facilities under the traditional construction mode, and the investment per mu is between 1,200 and 1,700 yuan. At the same time, due to the small amount of precipitation in the loess area, the shortage of surface water and groundwater sources seriously affects the yield of fruit trees, which in turn affects the income of fruit farmers. In the case of low income, additional investment is required, which is the fundamental reason why the integrated drip irrigation technology of water and fertilizer is difficult to promote in mountain orchards in the loess area. For the growers who started to build orchards in the mountains, the excessive investment has seriously restricted the enthusiasm of the farmers to use the integrated drip irrigation technology of water and fertilizer.

There are several drip irrigation technologies that reduce the cost of irrigation systems. For example, Chinese patent CN202663896U proposes a mobile drip irrigation machine, which includes a water storage device, a mobile head and a drip irrigation body. Although it can be used in turn by moving, the irrigation area is limited and it is not suitable for moving between different plots in the mountains . Chinese patent CN201069940 proposes a mobile drip irrigation vehicle, which uses the water distribution pipe on the frame and the water supply branch pipe arranged along the ridge and furrow direction in the field to supply water to field crops in different sections. Although it can reduce the one-time investment in the implementation of drip irrigation plots, the The entire drip irrigation truck is bulky and labor-intensive to move, making it difficult to use in mountain orchards.

The above drip irrigation technology to reduce the cost of irrigation system not only does not consider the convenience of movement, labor consumption during movement, and the operability of application in fragmented land in mountainous areas, but also does not provide specific water and fertilizer formulas and application programs. The integrated management of water and fertilizer not only requires low-cost and easy-to-use irrigation facilities, but also needs to match the corresponding irrigation and fertilization system according to the characteristics of crop growth regions, so as to obtain higher economic benefits by improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer.

In order to better promote the application of water and fertilizer integration technology in mountain orchards and avoid the huge waste of facility construction investment caused by abandoned irrigation facilities, it is urgent to propose a practical drip irrigation method for water and fertilizer integration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchards.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

1) the mountain orchard is divided into several drip irrigation districts, and a drip irrigation pipe network is arranged in each drip irrigation district, and the drip irrigation pipe network comprises a ground capillary and an underground branch pipe that is connected to the ground capillary;

2) According to the soil fertility characteristics of the drip irrigation community and the growth period of the plants in the drip irrigation community, determine the type of fertilizer and the amount of fertilization, and then use the movable head device to connect the water source, the fertilizer solution and the drip irrigation pipe network in the drip irrigation community. branch pipes are connected, and the drip irrigation area is irrigated to supplement water and nutrients;

3) Repeat step 2) until all drip irrigation plots in the mountain orchard are irrigated using the movable head device.

Preferably, in the step 1), a single plot in the mountain orchard is divided into several drip irrigation districts according to the area of the plot, and the underground branch pipes of the drip irrigation pipe networks of different drip irrigation districts are independent of each other, so as to reduce the pipelines that are connected to each other.

Preferably, the main body of the underground branch pipe is embedded in the middle position of the plot planting row, perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the tree row, and the end of the underground branch pipe protrudes from the ground;

Preferably, the ground capillaries are arranged on the same side of each plant in the corresponding row in a Fengzi or comb shape along the extension direction of the underground branch pipes, and the placement position of each ground capillary corresponds to three-quarters of the crown width of the plant (that is, the distance 1 to 1.5m from the trunk).

Preferably, in the step 2), the movable head device is connected to the water source and the underground branch pipe through a fire belt with a quick connector.

Preferably, the irrigation specifically adopts the method of first irrigating water for 0.5-1 h, then fertilizing for 0.5-1 h, and then irrigating for 0.5-1 h, and the dripper flow rate of the ground capillary is 2-4 L/h.

Preferably, the soil type of the mountain orchard is loess in arid and semi-arid areas.

Preferably, in the step 2), the fertilization quantities of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen), phosphate fertilizer (calculated by P ₂ O ₅ ), potassium fertilizer (calculated by K ₂ O ) and organic fertilizer are respectively determined according to the following growth periods of the apple tree : Germination stage, flowering stage, shoot-young fruit growth stage, flower bud differentiation stage, expansion stage and harvest stage.

Preferably, the head device includes a U-shaped main pipe and a first filter part, a first control valve, a fertilizer application part and an air intake and exhaust part arranged on the main pipe, and the fertilizer application part includes a parallel pipeline, a fertilizer applicator and a second control Valve, the two ends of the parallel pipeline are respectively connected to both sides of the first control valve on the main pipe, the first filter part and the air intake and exhaust parts are respectively located on both sides of the parallel pipeline, and the fertilizer applicator and the second control valve are arranged on the parallel pipeline .

Preferably, the head device further comprises a water source interface (inlet) and a branch pipe interface (outlet) respectively arranged at both ends of the main pipe, the water source interface and the branch pipe interface are standard interfaces that can be quickly connected and have good sealing performance, for example, the inner button type Quick connectors such as fire connectors.

Preferably, the first filter component is located on the water source interface side of the parallel pipeline (that is, disposed between the water source interface and the parallel pipeline), and the air intake and exhaust components are located on the branch pipe interface side of the parallel pipeline (that is, disposed between the parallel pipeline and the branch pipe interface). between).

Preferably, the parallel pipeline is further provided with a second filter part, and the second filter part is located on the outlet side of the fertilizer applicator. For example, a second control valve, a fertilizer applicator, a second filter part and another second control valve are sequentially arranged on the parallel pipelines.

Preferably, the bending position of one end of the main pipe is located between the first filter component and the parallel pipeline, and the bending position of the other end of the main pipe is located between the air intake and exhaust components and the parallel pipeline.

Preferably, the intake and exhaust components include intake and exhaust valves and pressure gauges.

Preferably, the fertilizer applicator is selected from a hydraulically driven proportional fertilizer pump.

Preferably, the parallel pipes are perpendicular to the plane where the main pipe is located.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

The invention utilizes the movable head device to realize the separate irrigation of mountain orchards, which not only reduces the investment of drip irrigation facilities (the per mu input of the facility is reduced to less than 300 yuan), but also can make full use of the mountain water source for irrigation and fertilization, so that different The plot can get sufficient water and nutrient supply under the limited water supply, and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization, thereby improving the yield and fruit quality of mountain orchards, and increasing the economic benefits of mountain orchards.

Further, the header device adopted in the present invention has the advantages of convenient movement and convenient connection.

Further, the present invention formulates drip irrigation and fertilization systems (fertilizer types and fertilization amounts) for different growth stages of plants (for example, loess hills and mountain apple trees), which enhances the operability and controllability of the integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation facilities, and reduces the need for fertilization. Fertilizer (especially chemical) dosage.

Further, in the head device of the present invention, the inner button-type fire-fighting joint used in the main pipe port is a standard connector, so that the head device can be conveniently and quickly connected to the branch pipes arranged in the water source and drip irrigation area.

Further, in the head device of the present invention, a hydraulically driven proportional fertilization pump is adopted, which can increase the uniformity of fertilization and precisely control the ratio of water and fertilizer.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable header device;

Fig. 2 is the connection schematic diagram of branch pipe and the main pipe outlet of the head device shown in Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the water source and the main inlet of the head device shown in Figure 1; wherein: (A) is connected to a temporary water source (water tank); (B) is connected to a pool (rain cellar or rainwater collection basin); (C) is connected to Existing reservoir pipes are connected;

Fig. 4 is the connection schematic diagram of branch pipe and capillary; Wherein: (A) "Fengzi type" arrangement of branch pipe and capillary; (B) "comb type" arrangement of branch and capillary;

Fig. 5 is the connection schematic diagram of the fertilizer suction device of the mixed fertilizer bucket and the head device shown in Fig. 1;

In the figure: 1. Standard connection inlet; 2. Main filter; 3. U-shaped main pipe; 4. Inlet section of parallel pipeline; 5. Outlet section of parallel pipeline; 6. Fertilizer; 7. Main control valve; 8. Parallel pipeline Inlet control valve; 9. Fertilizer liquid filter; 10. Parallel pipeline outlet control valve; 11. Fertilizer liquid suction port; 12. Inlet and exhaust valve; 13. Pressure gauge; 14. Standard connection outlet; 15. Branch pipe standard connection inlet ; 16. Fire belt; 17. Standard connection outlet of water tank; 18. Standard connection outlet of water pump; 19. Standard connection outlet of pipe network; 20. Branch pipe; 21. Capillary; 22. Hose;

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The invention proposes a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for small-area and scattered plots of mountain orchards. The invention can reduce the input cost of drip irrigation facilities in mountain orchards, improve the uniformity of irrigation and fertilization, realize efficient utilization of limited water resources, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, save labor, and promote orchard production.

(1) The movable head device

The invention utilizes the filter, fertilizer applicator and air intake and exhaust components at the head of the drip irrigation system, combined with some pipes, control valves and connectors to assemble an independent movable head device.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the above-mentioned head device specifically includes a horizontal filter, air intake and exhaust assembly, and a vertical fertilization assembly. The filtration and intake and exhaust components specifically include a main filter 2 , a U-shaped main pipe 3 , a main pipe control valve 7 , a pressure gauge 13 and an intake and exhaust valve 12 . Among them, the U-shaped main pipe 3 forms a standard connection inlet 1 and a standard connection outlet 14 by using the inner button-type fire joints installed at its inlet and outlet. On the folded pipe section, the main filter 2 is installed on the bent pipe section on the inlet side of the U-shaped main pipe 3, and the main pipe control valve 7 is installed on the pipe section in the middle of the U-shaped main pipe 3. The fertilization assembly specifically includes a fertilizer applicator 6, a fertilizer liquid filter 9 and a parallel pipeline installed on the main pipe 3. The parallel pipeline is divided into two sections, that is, the parallel pipeline inlet section connected between the fertilizer applicator 6 and the inlet side of the main pipe control valve 7. 4 and the parallel pipeline outlet section 5 connected between the fertilizer applicator 6 and the outlet side of the main control valve 7, the parallel pipeline inlet and outlet sections 4 and 5 are respectively installed with the parallel pipeline inlet control valve 8 and the parallel pipeline outlet control valve 10, The fertilizer liquid filter 9 is installed on the outlet section 5 of the parallel pipeline.

According to the requirements for irrigation and fertilization in mountain orchards, the components of the above-mentioned first device are selected as follows:

或

的PVC管拼接而成，内扣式消防接头内径为DN40或DN50，与PVC管通过丝口相连；并联管道采用外径为

的PVC管。The above U-shaped main pipe 3 adopts an outer diameter of

or

The inner diameter of the inner button-type fire joint is DN40 or DN50, which is connected with the PVC pipe through the wire mouth; the parallel pipe adopts an outer diameter of DN40 or DN50.

of PVC pipes.

The above main control valve 7 adopts a ball valve or butterfly valve that can throttle and control flow, so that a pressure difference is formed before and after the valve, so that water can flow from the U-shaped main pipe 3 into the parallel pipeline.

The above-mentioned parallel pipeline inlet and outlet control valves 8 and 10 are ball valves or butterfly valves capable of throttling and controlling flow, which are respectively located outside the inlet and outlet of the fertiliser 6 to ensure that water can be controlled not to pass through the fertiliser 6 when fertilisation is not required.

或

的PVC管尺寸相对应；肥液过滤器9进、出口尺寸为DN20或DN25。首部装置的过流能力能够达到10m³/h。The above-mentioned main filter 2 and the fertilizer liquid filter 9 adopt the filtering equipment that meets the water quality requirements of the "Micro-irrigation Engineering Technical Specifications" (GB/T 5485-209), and the inlet and outlet interfaces of the filtering equipment are connected by screw connections. Reduce connection length. For example, the main filter 2 and the fertilizer liquid filter 9 both use a mesh filter or laminated filter with a filtration accuracy of 120 mesh, which can prevent tiny particles from entering the drip irrigation pipe network and block the dripper water outlet. Among them, the main filter 2 is connected with the PVC pipe through the wire mouth, the inlet and outlet size of the main filter 3 are DN40 or DN50, and the outer diameter is DN40 or DN50.

or

The size of the PVC pipe corresponds to the size of the fertilizer liquid filter 9; the size of the inlet and outlet of the fertilizer filter 9 is DN20 or DN25. The overcurrent capacity of the head unit can reach 10m ³ /h.

The above-mentioned fertilizer applicator 6 adopts a hydraulically driven proportional fertilizer pump with a fertilizer absorption rate of 2% to 4% of the main flow rate.

The measurement range of the pressure gauge 13 is 0-1.0Mpa, and the measurement accuracy is 0.02Mpa. The pressure gauge range can cover the head pressure range and maximum pressure of the general drip irrigation system (the drip irrigation pipe network does not exceed 0.8Mpa). The required measurement accuracy can reflect the occurrence of failures such as capillary blockage and pipe rupture during drip irrigation.

The sealing water pressure of the above-mentioned intake and exhaust valve 12 is 3-6 psi to ensure that the intake and exhaust valve does not leak water (when the pipeline pressure is 2-4 m).

The external dimensions of the above-mentioned head device are: length 50-65cm, width 40-55cm, height 55-70cm; the weight generally does not exceed 15kg, which is convenient for installation, disassembly and handling.

Referring to FIG. 2 , before irrigating and fertilizing, the standard connection outlet 14 and the branch pipe standard connection inlet 15 are connected through a fire belt 16 . Referring to FIG. 5 , the manure liquid suction port 11 of the fertilizer applicator 6 is connected to the mixing tank 23 (the fertilizer is dissolved in the tank) through the hose 22 .

When the water source is connected to the standard connection inlet 1, the water flow first passes through the main filter 2.

When fertilization is required, open the parallel pipeline inlet control valve 8 and the parallel pipeline outlet control valve 10, and adjust the main control valve 7 (the main control valve 7 is gradually closed from the fully open state) until the fertilizer applicator 6 starts to pass through the fertilizer liquid suction port 11. Fertilizer suction (the main control valve 7 is not fully closed at this time, if the main control valve 7 is kept closed, the proportion of fertilizer in the water and fertilizer mixture can be increased), and part of the water flow is controlled from the parallel pipeline inlet section 4 through the parallel pipeline inlet The valve 8 enters the fertilizer applicator 6, forms a water and fertilizer mixture with the fertilizer liquid sucked by the fertilizer applicator 6, and enters the U-shaped main pipe 3 through the fertilizer liquid filter 9 and the parallel pipe outlet control valve 10 on the outlet section 5 of the parallel pipeline in turn, and enters the U-shaped main pipe 3 with another. A part of the water flowing directly through the U-shaped main pipe 3 joins and flows into the branch pipe through the standard connection outlet 14, and the branch pipe enters the capillary pipe and completes the fertilization.

When only irrigating but not fertilizing, the main control valve 7 is fully open, while the parallel pipeline inlet control valve 8 and the parallel pipeline outlet control valve 10 are closed, the water flows through the U-shaped main pipe 3, and flows into the branch pipe through the standard connection outlet 14, and enters the capillary pipe from the branch pipe And complete the purpose of irrigation and so on.

The above-mentioned header device has the following characteristics:

1) The import and export in charge are standardized interfaces, which are convenient and quick to connect, without labor and water leakage.

2) It can accurately control the amount of fertilization, the uniformity of fertilization, and the ratio of water and fertilizer.

3) The head device is assembled according to the "U" shape to reduce the overall length and volume, so that the head device can be placed in the trunk of a car, a three-wheeled motorcycle, or even carried by a single person, so as to facilitate the operation in the mountains. The orchard is dispersed and moved between plots. At the same time, the U-shaped main tube can ensure that the entire head unit can be placed stably in the plot.

(2) Drip irrigation pipe network

Due to the different distances and slopes of different size plots in the mountain orchard, the present invention adopts the following pipe network structure: the main pipe part in the drip irrigation pipe network is omitted, and the main pipe decompression and connecting pipe fittings are correspondingly omitted. If the area of a single plot is larger than 3 mu, each 3 mu is divided into a drip irrigation area, and each drip irrigation area is independent of each other, so as to limit the flow rate of each drip irrigation to no more than 10m ³ /h. Each drip irrigation community is equipped with a 2-level pipe network, namely ground capillary pipes (ie drip irrigation pipes) and underground branch pipes connected to it. The branch pipes are buried at a depth of at least 40cm underground to avoid damage by mechanical farming.

Referring to Figure 4, the drip irrigation pipes connected to the branch pipes are arranged in a "fung-shaped" or "comb-shaped" manner. According to different dripper flow, dripper spacing, and arrangement of drip irrigation pipes, the maximum flow rate of the system is limited to 10m ³ /h, and the maximum laying length of drip irrigation pipes and branch pipes are determined (see Table 1).

Table 1. Pipe Network Specifications

Note: Calculated according to the commonly used apple tree planting row spacing of 5m and the maximum water supply flow of 10m ³ /h.

或

的PVC管，支管布置在种植行的中间位置，埋深40～50cm，支管一端在地边露出地面15～30cm，并安装与首部装置中的U型主管进出口对应的内扣式消防接头，以实现快速连接。每亩滴灌管的用量为135m，每亩支管的用量为5～10m。According to the general 4m × 5m row spacing of apple trees in the mountains, the present invention adopts drip irrigation pipes with a dripper spacing of 0.5m, a dripper flow rate of 2-4L/h, and a wall thickness of 0.8-1.2mm, and the drip irrigation pipes are uniformly arranged on the apple trees. The right or left side of the tree is fixed at the ground position corresponding to three-quarters of the crown. Connect the drip irrigation pipe to the branch pipe with a bypass. The outer diameter of the branch pipe is

or

The branch pipe is arranged in the middle of the planting row, with a buried depth of 40-50cm. One end of the branch pipe is exposed to the ground for 15-30cm at the edge of the ground, and an inner button-type fire joint corresponding to the U-shaped main inlet and outlet in the head device is installed. for fast connection. The amount of drip irrigation pipe per mu is 135m, and the amount of branch pipe per mu is 5-10m.

(3) The connection method of different water sources

The water sources available in the present invention include: (1) water in a water tank or other available temporary water sources. (2) Rain collecting cellars or rain collecting ponds are built near the orchard. (3) There is a reservoir on the top of the mountain, which can be connected to the orchard through the water pipeline network of the reservoir that has been laid, and there is a water outlet in the orchard.

Referring to Fig. 3, for different water source forms, connect the standard connection inlet 1 to the water tank standard connection outlet 17 (Fig. 3A), the water pump standard connection outlet 18 (Fig. 3B) or the water pipe network standard connection outlet 19 (Fig. 3C) Connect.

For the water source situation shown in Figure 3A, the outlet of the water tank is converted into a standard connection outlet of DN40 or DN50 (pump pressurization). In view of the water source shown in Figure 3B, a submersible pump is used to obtain water. The specification of the submersible pump is 8-12m ³ flow and 25-40m head, and the outlet is converted into a standard connection outlet of DN40 or DN50. The submersible pump is powered by the grid, or powered by a gasoline generator. For the water source situation shown in Figure 3C, convert the water outlet of the existing water pipeline into a standard connection outlet of DN40 or DN50.

(4) Develop a fertilization system

According to the characteristics of soil fertility in the loess hills and mountains and the nutrient requirements of apples in different growth periods, the fertilization scheme was determined, see Table 2.

Table 2. Drip irrigation and fertilization system for red Fuji apples in the loess hills and mountains during the fruiting period

Note: (1) Soil type: loess soil; (2) For the data in the table, the chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer is applied in two times before and after harvesting to avoid the root burning phenomenon caused by the large amount of fertilizer applied; other stages are the total amount of fertilizer applied in each stage (3) Commodity organic fertilizer requires organic matter to reach more than 45%, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients to reach more than 8%. One application after harvest, no application at other stages.

(5) Irrigation and fertilization process

Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, in different growth periods, move the head unit to the vicinity of the branch pipes arranged at the corresponding plots in the orchard, and use a fire belt 16 with a quick connector to connect the water source with the standard connection inlet 1, And connecting the standard connection outlet 14 and the branch pipe standard connection inlet 15 . The fertilizer to be applied is dissolved in the mixing tank 23 to form a fertilizer liquid.

First irrigate (without fertilizer) for 0.5 to 1 h (the specific time is determined according to the wet condition of the soil during irrigation; if the soil is wet, the irrigation time is short; if the soil is dry, the irrigation time is long), and then fertilize for 0.5 to 1 h (according to the total amount of fertilization and fertilization). rate to determine the specific time), re-irrigation (without fertilizer) for 0.5-1h, and the dripper flow rate of the capillary tube is 2-4L/h, which can apply the fertilizer solution to the main distribution layer of the root system of the fruit tree without deep leakage. Ensure the efficient utilization of the fertilizer solution (that is, ensure that the fertilizer solution penetrates into the soil layer of 30-40cm with the irrigation water).

The specific process of the above fertilization is as follows: the water enters the U-shaped main pipe 3 through the standard connection inlet 1, and firstly passes through the main filter 2 to filter out the sundries in the water; when the inlet and outlet control valves 8 and 10 of the parallel pipes are fully opened , by gradually closing the main control valve 7 from a fully open state until the water flows through the fertilization pump, so that the fertilization pump can absorb fertilizer; the opening of the main control valve 7 can control the rate of fertilization, as well as the water and fertilizer in the water and fertilizer mixture. liquid ratio. The water and fertilizer mixture passes through the fertilizer filter 9, returns to the U-shaped main pipe 3, and then is output to the branch pipe and enters the drip irrigation pipe.

In daily management, when the soil of the orchard is relatively dry, only irrigation without fertilization, fully open the main control valve 7, and close the parallel pipeline inlet and outlet control valves 8 and 10. The water only enters the drip irrigation pipe through the branch pipe after filtering, and irrigates the corresponding plot.

(6) Orchard yield, fruit quality and orchard economic benefits

Taking the loess hilly mountain apple orchard as an example, the drip irrigation system and fertilization scheme of the present invention are compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization scheme, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Comparison of apple yield, quality and economic benefits

Note: (1) In fertilizer cost accounting, urea is 1.88 yuan/kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12 yuan/kg, potassium chloride 2.6 yuan/kg, and commercial organic fertilizer 1.4 yuan/kg. (2) For the traditional irrigation and fertilization scheme, the amount of chemical fertilizer is 1.5 times that of the fertilization scheme of the present invention, and the amount of organic fertilizer in the two schemes is the same. (3) Average annual economic benefit = average annual gross income - average annual input cost of fertilizer - 0.1 × input cost of irrigation materials - labor cost; among which, the depreciation period of irrigation materials is calculated as 10 years; labor costs include trimming, spraying, bagging, Picking etc. The labor cost of the traditional irrigation and fertilization scheme is calculated at 2000 yuan/mu, and the labor cost of the present solution is calculated at 1750 yuan/mu (the reason is that the fertilization labor is reduced).

Claims (10)

1. a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method applicable to mountain orchards, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: 1) the mountain orchard is divided into several drip irrigation districts, and a drip irrigation pipe network is arranged in each drip irrigation district, and the drip irrigation pipe network comprises a capillary (21) and a branch pipe (20) that is connected with the capillary (21); 2) According to the soil fertility characteristics of the drip irrigation community and the growth period of the plants in the drip irrigation community, determine the type of fertilizer and the amount of fertilization, and then use the movable head device to connect the water source, the fertilizer solution and the branch pipe of the drip irrigation pipe network arranged in the drip irrigation community. (20) connecting, and irrigating the drip irrigation plot to supplement water and nutrients; 3) Repeat step 2) until all drip irrigation plots in the mountain orchard are irrigated using the movable head device. 2. a kind of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchard according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1), the single plot in mountain orchard is divided into several drip irrigation communities according to area, different. The branch pipes (20) of the drip irrigation pipe network of the drip irrigation community are independent of each other. 3. a kind of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchards according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the main body of described branch pipe (20) is embedded in the middle position of planting row, perpendicular to row arrangement direction, branch pipe (20) The end of 20) protrudes from the ground; the capillary (21) adopts a drip irrigation pipe with a distance between drippers of 0.3 to 1 m. 4. A kind of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchards according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described capillary (21) is arranged in each corresponding row along the extension direction of branch pipe (20) by Feng-shaped or comb-shaped. On the same side of the plant, the arrangement position of each capillary (21) corresponds to three quarters of the crown width of the plant. 5. The integrated drip irrigation method of water and fertilizer suitable for mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the irrigation specifically adopts the mode of first irrigating water for 0.5-1h, then fertilizing for 0.5-1h, and then irrigating water for 0.5-1h, The dripper flow rate of the capillary (21) is 2-4 L/h. 6. A water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil type of the mountain orchards is loess in arid and semi-arid areas. 7. a kind of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method applicable to mountain orchard according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 2), according to the following growth period of apple tree, determine respectively nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer. Fertilization rate: germination period, flowering period, new shoot-young fruit growth period, flower bud differentiation period, expansion period and harvest period. 8. a kind of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchard according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described head device comprises U-shaped main pipe and the first filter part, the first control valve that are arranged on the main pipe , fertilization components and air intake and exhaust components, the fertilization components include a parallel pipeline, a fertilizer applicator (6) and a second control valve, the two ends of the parallel pipeline are respectively connected to both sides of the first control valve on the main pipe, the first filter component and the second control valve The air intake and exhaust components are respectively located on both sides of the parallel pipeline, and the fertilizer applicator (6) and the second control valve are arranged on the parallel pipeline. 9. a kind of water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for mountain orchards according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described head device also comprises the water source interface and branch pipe interface that are respectively arranged on both ends of the main pipe, the water source interface and branch pipe interface all adopt Quick Connector. 10. The integrated drip irrigation method of water and fertilizer suitable for mountain orchards according to claim 9, characterized in that: the first filter component is located on the water source interface side of the parallel pipeline, and the air intake and exhaust components are located on the branch pipe interface side of the parallel pipeline. ; A second filter element is also arranged on the parallel pipeline, and the second filter element is located on the outlet side of the fertilizer applicator (6).

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