CN111316807A

CN111316807A - Water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchard

Info

Publication number: CN111316807A
Application number: CN202010345192.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马理辉; 刘晓丽; 冯浩; 赵西宁; 胡田田; 李涛; 王健
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2020-04-27
Filing date: 2020-04-27
Publication date: 2020-06-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards. A drip irrigation pipe network is arranged in the hillside orchard based on the movable head, a certain fertilization formula is adopted in different growth periods, and the drip irrigation pipe network is utilized for carrying out water and fertilizer integrated irrigation on the orchard to supplement water and nutrients. The invention is suitable for hillside orchards in arid and semi-arid regions, not only can reduce the facility cost of a drip irrigation system of the hillside orchards, but also can improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, thereby improving the yield, the fruit quality and the economic benefit of the orchards.

Description

Water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchard

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of irrigation and water conservation irrigation, and relates to an arrangement of a drip irrigation pipe network of hillside orchards in arid and semi-arid regions and a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation fertilization formula and a mode.

Background

The problems of resource shortage, environmental safety and the like force the use strategies of agricultural water and chemical fertilizers to develop towards the agricultural high-efficiency production technology such as water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation and the like. The existing drip irrigation system consists of a water source, a head part, a main pipe, branch pipes, capillary pipes and the like. The head part comprises a filtering and fertilizing device, and monitoring equipment such as an air inlet and outlet valve, a pressure gauge, a flow meter and a valve, wherein the filtering and fertilizing device is key equipment of the drip irrigation system and is used for filtering water and uniformly injecting fertilizer liquid to ensure the normal operation of the drip irrigation system.

The hilly orchard in the loess area has small area and scattered land blocks, increases the unit area investment of drip irrigation facilities in the traditional construction mode, and has the input per mu of 1200-1700 yuan. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the rainfall amount in the loess area is small, surface water and underground water sources are in short supply, the yield of fruit trees is seriously influenced, and the income of fruit growers is further influenced. And additional investment is needed under the condition of low income, which is the root reason that the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology is difficult to popularize in hilly orchards in loess areas. For growers in mountainous region initial orchard, the excessively high investment severely restricts the enthusiasm of fruit growers in using water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology.

Some drip irrigation techniques are available to reduce the cost of irrigation systems. For example, chinese patent CN202663896U proposes a mobile drip irrigation machine, which comprises a water storage device, a mobile header and a drip irrigation main body, and although they can be used alternately by moving, the irrigation area is limited and it is not suitable for moving between different plots of mountainous land. Chinese patent CN201069940 proposes a mobile drip irrigation vehicle, which utilizes a water diversion pipe on a vehicle frame and a water supply branch pipe arranged in the field along the furrow direction to supply water to crops in the field in different sections, and although the one-time investment for implementing drip irrigation is reduced, the whole drip irrigation vehicle is large in size, labor-consuming and laborious in moving, and difficult to use in hillside orchards.

The above drip irrigation technology for reducing the cost of the irrigation system does not consider the convenience of movement, the labor consumption during movement, and the operability of application in the fragmented lands of the mountainous regions, and does not provide a specific water and fertilizer formula and application scheme. The water and fertilizer integrated management not only needs irrigation facilities with low cost and easy use, but also needs to be matched with a corresponding irrigation and fertilization system according to the characteristics of the growth region of crops, and higher economic benefit is obtained by improving the utilization efficiency of the water and fertilizer.

In order to better popularize and apply a water-fertilizer integrated technology in a hillside orchard and avoid huge waste of facility construction investment caused by abandoned irrigation facilities, a feasible water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method is urgently needed to be provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

1) dividing a hillside orchard into a plurality of drip irrigation cells, and distributing a drip irrigation pipe network in each drip irrigation cell, wherein the drip irrigation pipe network comprises ground capillary pipes and underground branch pipes connected with the ground capillary pipes;

2) determining the type and the fertilizing amount of a fertilizer according to the soil fertility characteristics of a drip irrigation district and the growth period of plants in the drip irrigation district, then connecting a water source and a fertilizer solution with underground branch pipes of a drip irrigation pipe network distributed in the drip irrigation district by utilizing a movable head device, and irrigating the drip irrigation district to supplement water and nutrients;

3) and repeating the step 2) until all drip irrigation districts in the hilly orchard are irrigated by utilizing the movable header device.

Preferably, in the step 1), a single plot in the hillside orchard is divided into a plurality of drip irrigation cells according to the area of the plot, and underground branch pipes of drip irrigation pipe networks of different drip irrigation cells are independent to reduce mutually communicated pipelines.

Preferably, the main body of the underground branch pipe is embedded in the middle of the planting rows of the land parcel and is vertical to the arrangement direction of the tree rows, and the end part of the underground branch pipe extends out of the ground; the ground capillary adopts a drip irrigation pipe with the dripper spacing of 0.3-1 m.

Preferably, the ground capillary tubes are arranged on the same side of each plant in the corresponding row in a Chinese character feng shape or a comb shape along the extension direction of the underground branch tubes, and the arrangement position of each ground capillary tube corresponds to three quarters of the crown width of the plant (namely, the position 1-1.5 m away from the trunk).

Preferably, in the step 2), the movable header device is connected with a water source and an underground branch pipe through a fire hose with a quick connector.

Preferably, the irrigation is carried out by firstly irrigating for 0.5-1 h, then fertilizing for 0.5-1 h and then irrigating for 0.5-1 h, wherein the flow rate of the drippers of the ground capillary is 2-4L/h.

Preferably, the soil type of the hillside orchard is loess in arid and semi-arid regions.

Preferably, in the step 2), nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen) and phosphate fertilizer (calculated as P) are respectively determined according to the following growth period of the apple trees₂O₅Measured), potash fertilizer (in K)₂O) and the fertilization amount of organic fertilizer: germination stage, flowering stage, young sprout-young fruit growth stage, flower bud differentiation stage, expansion stage and harvesting stage.

Preferably, the header device comprises a U-shaped main pipe, a first filter element, a first control valve, a fertilization element and an air inlet and exhaust element, wherein the first filter element, the first control valve, the fertilization element and the air inlet and exhaust element are arranged on the main pipe, the fertilization element comprises a parallel pipeline, a fertilizer applicator and a second control valve, two ends of the parallel pipeline are respectively connected to two sides of the first control valve on the main pipe, the first filter element and the air inlet and exhaust element are respectively positioned on two sides of the parallel pipeline, and the fertilizer applicator and the second control valve are arranged on the parallel pipeline.

Preferably, the head device further comprises a water source interface (inlet) and a branch pipe interface (outlet) which are respectively arranged at two ends of the main pipe, and the water source interface and the branch pipe interface both adopt standard interfaces which can be quickly connected and have good sealing performance, for example, quick connectors such as an inner buckle type fire joint.

Preferably, the first filtering component is positioned on the water source interface side of the parallel pipeline (namely, positioned between the water source interface and the parallel pipeline), and the air inlet and outlet component is positioned on the branch pipe interface side of the parallel pipeline (namely, positioned between the parallel pipeline and the branch pipe interface).

Preferably, the parallel pipeline is further provided with a second filtering component, and the second filtering component is positioned at the outlet side of the fertilizer applicator. For example, a second control valve, a fertilizer applicator, a second filtering component and another second control valve are arranged on the parallel pipelines in sequence.

Preferably, the bending position of one end of the main pipe is positioned between the first filtering component and the parallel pipeline, and the bending position of the other end of the main pipe is positioned between the air inlet and outlet component and the parallel pipeline.

Preferably, the air intake and exhaust components comprise an air intake and exhaust valve and a pressure gauge.

Preferably, the fertilizer applicator is selected from a hydraulically driven proportional fertilizer pump.

Preferably, the parallel pipes are perpendicular to the plane of the main pipe.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the movable header device is used for realizing the independent irrigation of the hillside orchard in the subareas, so that the investment of drip irrigation facilities is reduced (the mu investment of the facilities is reduced to be within 300 yuan), water irrigation and fertilization can be fully performed by fully utilizing water sources in the hillside fields, so that different land parcels can be fully supplied with water and nutrients under the limited water source supply, the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is improved, the yield and the fruit quality of the hillside orchard are improved, and the economic benefit of the hillside orchard is increased.

Furthermore, the header device adopted by the invention has the advantages of convenient movement and convenient connection.

Furthermore, the invention respectively establishes a drip irrigation fertilization system (fertilizer type and fertilizer amount) aiming at different growth periods of plants (such as the apple trees on loess hills and mountains), enhances the operability and controllability of the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation facility and reduces the using amount of the fertilizer (especially the fertilizer).

Furthermore, in the header device, the inner buckle type fire-fighting joint adopted by the port of the main pipe is a standard connecting piece, so that the header device can be conveniently and quickly connected with a water source and branch pipes arranged in a drip irrigation area.

Furthermore, in the head device, the hydraulic drive proportional type fertilization pump is adopted, so that the fertilization uniformity can be increased, and the water-fertilizer ratio can be accurately controlled.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a removable header assembly;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection of a branch pipe to the outlet of the main pipe of the header assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a water source to the inlet of the main tube of the header assembly of FIG. 1; wherein: (A) is connected with a temporary water source (water tank); (B) is connected with a water pool (a rain collecting cellar or a rain collecting pool); (C) connecting with the existing reservoir pipeline;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of a branch pipe and a capillary; wherein: (A) the branch pipes and the capillary pipes are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character feng; (B) the branch pipes and the capillary are arranged in a comb shape;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection of the fertilizer mixing barrel and the fertilizer sucker of the header assembly shown in FIG. 1;

in the figure: 1. a standard connection inlet; 2. a main filter; 3, a U-shaped main pipe; 4. an inlet section of the parallel pipeline; 5. an outlet section of the parallel pipeline; 6. a fertilizer applicator; 7. a main pipe control valve; 8. parallel pipeline inlet control valves; 9. a fertilizer liquid filter; 10. parallel pipeline outlet control valves; 11. a fertilizer liquid suction inlet; 12. an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve; 13. a pressure gauge; 14. a standard connection outlet; 15. the branch pipe is connected with an inlet in a standard way; 16. a fire hose; 17. the water tank is connected with an outlet in a standard way; 18. the water pump is connected with an outlet in a standard way; 19. a pipe network standard connection outlet; 20. a branch pipe; 21. a capillary; 22. a hose; 23. a fertilizer mixing barrel.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

The invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for small-area and scattered plots of a hillside orchard. The invention can reduce the input cost of drip irrigation facilities of hillside orchards, improve the uniformity of irrigation and fertilization, realize the efficient utilization of limited water resources, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, save labor force and promote the production of orchards.

Movable header device

The invention utilizes the filter, the fertilizer applicator and the air inlet and outlet components of the drip irrigation system header and combines a plurality of pipes, control valves and connecting pieces to assemble an independent movable header device.

Referring to fig. 1, the header device specifically includes a filtering and air intake/exhaust assembly in the horizontal direction and a fertilizing assembly in the vertical direction. The filtering, air inlet and exhaust assembly specifically comprises a main filter 2, a U-shaped main pipe 3, a main pipe control valve 7, a pressure gauge 13 and an air inlet and exhaust valve 12. The U-shaped main pipe 3 forms a standard connection inlet 1 and a standard connection outlet 14 by utilizing internally buckled fire-fighting joints arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the U-shaped main pipe respectively; the pressure gauge 13 and the air inlet and outlet valve 12 are arranged on the bent pipe section on the outlet side of the U-shaped main pipe 3, the main filter 2 is arranged on the bent pipe section on the inlet side of the U-shaped main pipe 3, and the main pipe control valve 7 is arranged on the pipe section in the middle of the U-shaped main pipe 3. The fertilization component specifically comprises a fertilizer applicator 6, a fertilizer liquid filter 9 and a parallel pipeline arranged on a main pipe 3, the parallel pipeline is divided into two sections, namely a parallel pipeline inlet section 4 connected between the fertilizer applicator 6 and the inlet side of the main pipe control valve 7 and a parallel pipeline outlet section 5 connected between the fertilizer applicator 6 and the outlet side of the main pipe control valve 7, the parallel pipeline inlet and

outlet sections

4 and 5 are respectively provided with a parallel pipeline inlet control valve 8 and a parallel pipeline outlet control valve 10, and the fertilizer liquid filter 9 is arranged on the parallel pipeline outlet section 5.

According to the requirements of irrigation and fertilization in hillside orchards, the module selection of the header device is as follows:

the U-shaped main pipe 3 adopts the structure that the outer diameter is

Or

The inner diameter of the inner buckle type fire-fighting joint is DN40 or DN50, and the inner buckle type fire-fighting joint is connected with the PVC pipe through a screw thread; the parallel pipeline adopts an external diameter of

The PVC pipe of (1).

The main pipe control valve 7 adopts a ball valve or a butterfly valve which can throttle and control flow, so that pressure difference is formed between the front and the back of the valve, and water can flow into the parallel pipelines from the U-shaped main pipe 3.

The inlet and

outlet control valves

8 and 10 of the parallel pipeline adopt ball valves or butterfly valves capable of throttling and controlling flow, and are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the inlet and outlet of the fertilizer applicator 6, so that water can be controlled not to pass through the fertilizer applicator 6 when fertilizer application is not needed.

The main filter 2 and the fertilizer liquid filter 9 adopt filter equipment meeting the water quality requirements of micro-irrigation engineering technical specification (GB/T5485-. For example, the main filter 2 and the fertilizer liquid filter 9 both adopt mesh filters or laminated filters with 120-mesh filtering precision, and can prevent micro particles from entering a drip irrigation pipe network and blocking a water outlet of a dripper. Wherein, the main filter 2 is connected with the PVC pipe through a screw, the size of the inlet and the outlet of the main filter 3 is DN40 or DN50, and the outer diameter is DN50

Or

The PVC pipes have corresponding sizes; the size of the inlet and the outlet of the fertilizer liquid filter 9 is DN20 or DN 25. The over-current capability of the header device can reach 10m³/h。

The fertilizer applicator 6 adopts a hydraulic drive proportional type fertilizer pump with the fertilizer absorbing amount of 2-4% of the flow of the main pipe, and the inlet and the outlet of the fertilizer applicator 6 have the same size as the inlet and the outlet of the fertilizer liquid filter 9.

The measuring range of the pressure gauge 13 is 0-1.0 Mpa, and the measuring precision is 0.02 Mpa. The pressure gauge range can cover the pressure range of the head part of a common drip irrigation system and the maximum pressure (the drip irrigation pipe network does not exceed 0.8 Mpa). The required measurement precision can reflect the occurrence of faults such as capillary blockage, pipeline breakage and the like in the drip irrigation process.

The water sealing pressure of the air inlet and outlet valve 12 is 3-6 psi, so that the air inlet and outlet valve is ensured not to leak water (when the pipeline pressure is 2-4 m).

The external dimensions of the header device are as follows: the length is 50-65 cm, the width is 40-55 cm, and the height is 55-70 cm; the weight is generally not more than 15kg, and the installation, the disassembly and the transportation are convenient.

Referring to fig. 2, before irrigation and fertilization, the standard connection outlet 14 is connected with the branch pipe standard connection inlet 15 through a fire fighting belt 16. Referring to fig. 5, the fertilizer liquid suction port 11 of the fertilizer applicator 6 is connected to a fertilizer mixing barrel 23 (fertilizer is dissolved in the barrel) through a hose 22.

When a water source is connected to the standard connection inlet 1, the water flow first passes through the main filter 2.

When fertilizer is needed to be applied, the parallel pipeline inlet control valve 8 and the parallel pipeline outlet control valve 10 are opened, the main pipe control valve 7 is adjusted (the main pipe control valve 7 is gradually closed from a full-open state) until the fertilizer applicator 6 starts to absorb fertilizer through the fertilizer liquid suction inlet 11 (at the moment, the main pipe control valve 7 is in a non-full-closed state, if the main pipe control valve 7 is continuously closed, the proportion of the fertilizer in the water-fertilizer mixed liquid can be improved), part of water flow enters the fertilizer applicator 6 from the parallel pipeline inlet section 4 through the parallel pipeline inlet control valve 8, the fertilizer and the fertilizer liquid sucked by the fertilizer applicator 6 form a water-fertilizer mixed liquid which sequentially passes through a fertilizer liquid filter 9 on the outlet section 5 of the parallel pipeline and a control valve 10 of the outlet of the parallel pipeline to enter the U-shaped main pipe 3, and the water flow is converged with the other part of water flow which directly flows through the U-shaped main pipe 3 and then flows into the branch pipe through the standard connecting outlet 14, and then enters the capillary pipe through the branch pipe to finish fertilization.

When only irrigation is needed and no fertilizer is needed, the main pipe control valve 7 is fully opened, the parallel pipeline inlet control valve 8 and the parallel pipeline outlet control valve 10 are closed, water flows through the U-shaped main pipe 3, flows into the branch pipe through the standard connecting outlet 14, and enters the capillary pipe through the branch pipe to fulfill the aims of irrigation and the like.

The header device has the following characteristics:

1) the inlet and the outlet of the main pipe are standardized interfaces, so that the connection is convenient and quick, and the water leakage is avoided.

2) Can accurately control the fertilizing amount, the fertilizing uniformity and the proportion of water and fertilizer.

3) The head device is assembled according to the U-shaped components to reduce the total length and the volume, so that the head device can be placed on a car trunk and a motor tricycle, even can be carried by a single person, and can be conveniently moved among scattered blocks in a hillside orchard. And meanwhile, the U-shaped main pipe can ensure that the whole header device can be stably placed in the land parcel.

Drip irrigation pipe network

Because the plots of different sizes in the hillside orchard have different distances and different slopes, the invention adopts the following pipe network structure: the main pipe part in the drip irrigation pipe network is omitted, and the pressure reduction and the connecting pipe fitting of the main pipe are correspondingly omitted. If the area of a single land is more than 3 mu, dividing each 3 mu into drip irrigation cells, wherein each drip irrigation cell is independent of each other so as to limit the flow rate of each drip irrigation to be not more than 10m³H is used as the reference value. Each drip irrigation district is provided with a 2-level pipe network, namely a ground capillary (i.e. a drip irrigation pipe) and an underground branch pipe connected with the ground capillary. The branch pipes are buried at the depth of at least 40cm underground, so that the damage of mechanical cultivation is avoided.

Referring to fig. 4, the drip irrigation pipes connected to the branch pipes are arranged in a 'feng' or 'comb' type manner. According to different dripper flow rates, dripper intervals and drip irrigation pipe arrangement modes, the maximum flow rate of the system is limited to 10m³And h, determining the maximum laying length of the drip irrigation pipe and the maximum laying length of the branch pipe (see table 1).

TABLE 1 pipe network Specifications

Note: according to the common apple tree planting row spacing of 5m and the maximum water supply flow of 10m³H is calculated.

According to the method, a drip irrigation pipe with the emitter spacing of 0.5m, the emitter flow of 2-4L/h and the wall thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm is uniformly arranged on the right side or the left side of an apple tree according to the planting row spacing of the mountain apple tree of 4m × 5m generally, and is fixed on the ground corresponding to three quarters of the crown width

Or

The branch pipe of the PVC pipe is arranged in the middle of the planting row, the buried depth is 40-50 cm, one end of the branch pipe is exposed out of the ground by 15-30 cm, and an inner buckling type fire-fighting joint corresponding to the inlet and the outlet of the U-shaped main pipe in the head device is installed to realize quick connection. The dosage of each mu of drip irrigation pipe is 135m, and the dosage of each mu of branch pipe is 5-10 m.

(III) connection method of different water sources

The water sources that may be utilized in the present invention include: (1) the tank holds water or other temporary water source available. (2) A rain collecting cellar or a rain collecting pool is built near the orchard. (3) The mountain top is provided with a reservoir which can be connected to the orchard through a laid reservoir water delivery pipe network, and a water outlet is arranged in the orchard.

Referring to fig. 3, the standard connection inlet 1 is connected to a water tank standard connection outlet 17 (fig. 3A), a water pump standard connection outlet 18 (fig. 3B) or a water pipe network standard connection outlet 19 (fig. 3C) through a fire hose 16 for different water source types.

For the water source case shown in fig. 3A, the tank outlet was converted to a standard connection outlet (water pump boost) of DN40 or DN 50. Aiming at the water source condition shown in fig. 3B, a submersible pump is adopted to take water, and the specification of the submersible pump is 8-12 m in flow³And the outlet is converted into a standard connection outlet of DN40 or DN50 when the head is 25-40 m. The submersible pump is powered by a power grid or a gasoline generator. Aiming at the water source situation shown in fig. 3C, the water outlet of the existing water pipeline is converted into a standard connection outlet of DN40 or DN 50.

(IV) formulating a fertilization system

According to the soil fertility characteristics of the loess hilly and mountain land and the nutrient requirement rule of the apples in different growth periods, a fertilization scheme is determined, and the reference is made to table 2.

TABLE 2 drip irrigation and fertilization system for Fuji red apples in full bearing period of loess hilly land

Note: (1) soil type: yellow cotton soil; (2) the data in the table are that the chemical fertilizer serving as the base fertilizer is applied for 2 times before and after being harvested so as to avoid the root burning phenomenon caused by large fertilizing amount; the other stages are the total fertilizer application amount of the stages and only need to be applied once; (3) the organic matter of the commercial organic fertilizer is required to reach more than 45 percent, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is required to reach more than 8 percent. The fertilizer is applied once after harvesting, and is not needed to be applied in other stages.

(V) irrigation and fertilization process

Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 5, during different growth periods, the heading device is transported to the vicinity of the branch pipes laid at the corresponding plots in the orchard, and the water supply is connected to the standard connection inlet 1 and the standard connection outlet 14 is connected to the branch pipe standard connection inlet 15 by means of the fire hose 16 with quick connectors. Fertilizer to be applied is dissolved in the fertilizer mixing barrel 23 to form fertilizer liquid.

The method comprises the steps of firstly irrigating (containing no fertilizer) for 0.5-1 h (the specific time is determined according to the moist condition of soil during irrigation, the irrigation time is short when the soil is moist, the irrigation time is long when the soil is dry), then fertilizing for 0.5-1 h (the specific time is determined according to the total fertilization amount and the fertilization rate), and then irrigating (containing no fertilizer) for 0.5-1 h, wherein the flow rate of drippers of capillary tubes is 2-4L/h, so that the fertilizer liquid can be applied to a main distribution layer of the root system of a fruit tree, meanwhile, deep seepage does not occur, and efficient utilization of the fertilizer liquid is ensured (namely, the fertilizer liquid is ensured to permeate into a soil layer of 30-40 cm along with irrigation).

The specific process of fertilization comprises the following steps: water enters the U-shaped main pipe 3 through the standard connecting inlet 1, and impurities in the water are filtered out through the main filter 2; under the condition that the inlet control valve 8 and the outlet control valve 10 of the parallel pipeline are completely opened, the main pipe control valve 7 is gradually closed from the fully opened state until water flows through the fertilizing pump, so that the fertilizing pump can suck fertilizer; the opening degree of the main pipe control valve 7 can control the fertilizing speed and the proportion of water and fertilizer liquid in the water-fertilizer mixed liquid. The water and fertilizer mixed liquid passes through the fertilizer liquid filter 9, returns to the U-shaped main pipe 3, is output to the branch pipe and enters the drip irrigation pipe.

In daily management, when the orchard soil is dry, only water is poured without fertilizer application, the main pipe control valve 7 is completely opened, and the inlet and

outlet control valves

8 and 10 of the parallel pipelines are closed. Water enters the drip irrigation pipe through the branch pipe after being filtered, and irrigation is carried out on the corresponding land parcel.

(VI) orchard yield, fruit quality and orchard economic benefit

Taking the loess hilly mountain apple orchard as an example, the drip irrigation system and the fertilization scheme of the invention are compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization scheme, and the results are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 comparison of apple yield, quality and economic benefit

In fertilizer cost accounting, 1.88 yuan/kg of urea, 12 yuan/kg of monopotassium phosphate, 2.6 yuan/kg of potassium chloride and 1.4 yuan/kg of commercial organic fertilizer (2) for a traditional irrigation and fertilization scheme, the using amount of the fertilizer is 1.5 times of that of the fertilization scheme, the using amounts of the organic fertilizer are the same for the two schemes, (3) annual average economic benefit is annual average gross income-annual fertilizer average input cost-0.1 × irrigation material input cost-labor cost, wherein the depreciation age of the irrigation material is calculated according to 10 years, the labor cost comprises trimming, insecticide spraying, bagging, picking mu and the like, the labor cost of the traditional irrigation and fertilization scheme is calculated according to 2000 yuan/labor, and the labor cost of the scheme is calculated according to 1750 yuan/mu (the reason is that the fertilization is reduced).

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) dividing a hillside orchard into a plurality of drip irrigation districts, and arranging a drip irrigation pipe network in each drip irrigation district, wherein the drip irrigation pipe network comprises a capillary (21) and branch pipes (20) connected with the capillary (21);

2) determining the type and the fertilizing amount of a fertilizer according to the soil fertility characteristics of a drip irrigation district and the growth period of plants in the drip irrigation district, then connecting a water source and a fertilizer solution with branch pipes (20) of a drip irrigation pipe network distributed in the drip irrigation district by utilizing a movable head device, and irrigating the drip irrigation district to supplement water and nutrients;

2. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), a single plot in the hillside orchard is divided into a plurality of drip irrigation districts according to the area, and branch pipes (20) of drip irrigation pipe networks of different drip irrigation districts are mutually independent.

3. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main body of the branch pipe (20) is embedded in the middle of the planting row and is vertical to the row arrangement direction, and the end part of the branch pipe (20) extends out of the ground; the capillary (21) adopts a drip irrigation pipe with the dripper spacing of 0.3-1 m.

4. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hair pipes (21) are arranged on the same side of each plant in the corresponding row in a Chinese character feng shape or a comb shape along the extension direction of the branch pipes (20), and the arrangement position of each hair pipe (21) corresponds to three quarters of the crown width of the plant.

5. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the irrigation is carried out by firstly irrigating for 0.5-1 h, then fertilizing for 0.5-1 h and then irrigating for 0.5-1 h, wherein the flow of drippers of the capillary (21) is 2-4L/h.

6. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil type of the hillside orchard is loess in arid and semi-arid regions.

7. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), the fertilizing amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are respectively determined according to the following growth periods of the apple trees: germination stage, flowering stage, young sprout-young fruit growth stage, flower bud differentiation stage, expansion stage and harvesting stage.

8. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the head device comprises a U-shaped main pipe, a first filtering component, a first control valve, a fertilizing component and an air inlet and exhaust component, wherein the first filtering component, the first control valve, the fertilizing component and the air inlet and exhaust component are arranged on the main pipe, the fertilizing component comprises a parallel pipeline, a fertilizer applicator (6) and a second control valve, two ends of the parallel pipeline are respectively connected to two sides of the first control valve on the main pipe, the first filtering component and the air inlet and exhaust component are respectively located on two sides of the parallel pipeline, and the fertilizer applicator (6) and the second control valve are arranged on the parallel pipeline.

9. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 8, characterized in that: the header device further comprises a water source interface and a branch pipe interface which are respectively arranged at two ends of the main pipe, and the water source interface and the branch pipe interface are quick connectors.

10. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for hillside orchards according to claim 9, characterized in that: the first filtering component is positioned at the water source connector side of the parallel pipeline, and the air inlet and outlet component is positioned at the branch pipe connector side of the parallel pipeline; the parallel pipeline is also provided with a second filtering component which is positioned at the outlet side of the fertilizer applicator (6).