CN111296689A - 一种鱼饲料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种鱼饲料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111296689A CN111296689A CN202010222668.6A CN202010222668A CN111296689A CN 111296689 A CN111296689 A CN 111296689A CN 202010222668 A CN202010222668 A CN 202010222668A CN 111296689 A CN111296689 A CN 111296689A
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- Prior art keywords
- fish
- fish feed
- feed
- parts
- meal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料领域，公开了一种鱼饲料，包括以下组分：苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、血粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂、维生素和矿物盐。该鱼饲料还可包括酶；酶选自植酸酶、蛋白酶或淀粉酶中的至少一种。该鱼饲料还可包括玉米蛋白粉、豆油、鱼油或啤酒酵母中的至少一种。该鱼饲料不仅营养成分齐全，而且营养成分搭配合理，满足鱼，特别是生鱼的生长需要，且能增加鱼的体重，其中，该鱼饲料中的苜蓿草粉不仅起到提供营养的作用，而且配合迷迭香粉迷，可大大提高鱼的抗病能力，显著提高鱼的存活率；该鱼饲料所含酶有助于鱼更好的吸收利用饲料中的蛋白质、淀粉等营养成分，有利于鱼的快速生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，特别涉及一种鱼饲料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
生鱼又名乌鳢，俗称黑鱼，它生性凶猛，繁殖力强。近年来随着国内养殖业的发展，具有生长迅速、适应能力强、存活率高的生鱼逐渐成为产销两旺的养殖品种。
传统的生鱼养殖方式使用冰鲜杂鱼饲养，但冰鲜杂鱼来源少，运输保存困难，饲养成本高，并且对资源环境的破坏较严重，易导致水质变坏。目前越来越多的养殖户采用饲料喂养生鱼，然而目前所使用的生鱼饲料由于技术上的不完善，普遍存在营养不均衡、生鱼生长缓慢、抗病力弱、成活率低，不能满足生鱼养殖的需要。
因此，希望提供一种有助于生鱼生长，增加体重，抗病力好，成活率高的鱼饲料。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种鱼饲料，所述鱼饲料有助于生鱼的生长，可明显提高成熟生鱼的体重，用所述饲料喂养生鱼，生鱼的抗病力好，成活率高。
一种鱼饲料，包括以下组分：苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、血粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂、维生素和矿物盐。
优选的，所述鱼饲料还包括酶；所述酶选自植酸酶、蛋白酶或淀粉酶中的至少一种。
优选的，所述鱼饲料还包括玉米蛋白粉、豆油、鱼油或啤酒酵母中的至少一种。
进一步优选的，所述鱼饲料还包括乌贼膏、氨基酸、鱼粉、鸡肉粉或填充物中的至少一种。
更优选的，所述鱼饲料还包括壳聚糖，可进一步提高鱼的免疫力，提高鱼的成活率。
优选的，所述迷迭香粉为迷迭香花和/或迷迭香叶经粉碎后获得。
优选的，所述维生素选自维生素A、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D或维生素E中的至少一种。
优选的，所述矿物盐包括磷盐、钙盐、钾盐、铁盐或锌盐中的至少一种。
优选的，所述磷盐、钙盐或钾盐选自磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾中的至少一种。不仅能补充矿物质元素，还具有抗氧化的作用。提高饲料的保质期。
优选的，所述铁盐为硫酸亚铁和/或氯化亚铁。
优选的，所述锌盐为氯化锌和/或硫酸锌。
优选的，所述氨基酸选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸或甲硫氨酸中的至少一种。
优选的，所述填充物为麦粉和/或米糠。
优选的，一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
优选的，一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
所述酶选自植酸酶、蛋白酶或淀粉酶中的至少一种。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括玉米蛋白粉20-30份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括豆油1-10份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括鱼油1-10份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括啤酒酵母1-15份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括乌贼膏1-5份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括氨基酸0.01-2份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括鱼粉5-25份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括鸡肉粉20-30份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括填充物15-30份。
优选的，所述鱼饲料，按重量份数计，还包括壳聚糖1-5份。
优选的，一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
进一步优选的，一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
一种鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，再加入剩余组分，混合，制粒，即制得所述鱼饲料；
或，
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，再加入除酶以外的剩余组分，混合，制粒，获得鱼饲料粗颗粒，再与酶混合，即制得所述鱼饲料。
优选的，所述筛网的目数为50-100目。
优选的，与酶混合是在0-37℃下进行混合。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明所述鱼饲料不仅营养成分齐全，而且营养成分搭配合理，满足鱼，特别是生鱼的生长需要，且能增加鱼的体重，其中，所述鱼饲料中的苜蓿草粉不仅起到提供营养的作用，而且配合迷迭香粉，可大大提高鱼的抗病能力，显著提高鱼的存活率。
(2)本发明所述鱼饲料，在酶的作用下，有助于鱼更好的吸收利用饲料中的蛋白质、淀粉等营养成分，有利于鱼的快速生长。
具体实施方式
为了让本领域技术人员更加清楚明白本发明所述技术方案，现列举以下实施例进行说明。需要指出的是，以下实施例对本发明要求的保护范围不构成限制作用。
以下实施例中所用的原料、试剂或装置如无特殊说明，均可从常规商业途径得到，或者可以通过现有已知方法得到。
实施例1
一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
维生素为维生素A、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D和维生素E的混合物；
矿物盐为磷酸钙0.5份、磷酸氢钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.5份、硫酸亚铁0.2份、硫酸锌0.2份。
一种鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过50目筛网，再加入剩余组分，混合，制粒，即制得鱼饲料。
实施例2
一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
酶为植酸酶0.2份、蛋白酶0.4份、淀粉酶0.2份；
维生素为维生素A、维生素B6、维生素D和维生素E的混合物；
矿物盐为磷酸钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.3份、硫酸亚铁0.2份。
一种鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过60目筛网，再加入除酶以外的剩余组分，混合，制粒，获得鱼饲料粗颗粒，再与酶混合，混合温度为10℃即制得鱼饲料。
实施例3
一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
酶为植酸酶0.1份、蛋白酶0.5份、淀粉酶0.5份；
维生素为维生素B12、维生素D和维生素E的混合物；
矿物盐为磷酸钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.2份、硫酸亚铁0.2份。
一种鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过80目筛网，再加入除酶以外的剩余组分，混合，制粒，获得鱼饲料粗颗粒，再与酶混合，混合温度为15℃，即制得鱼饲料。
实施例4
一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
酶为植酸酶0.2份、蛋白酶0.5份、淀粉酶0.5份；
维生素为维生素B12、维生素C和维生素E的混合物；
矿物盐为磷酸钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.3份、硫酸亚铁0.3份。
一种鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过60目筛网，再加入除酶以外的剩余组分，混合，制粒，获得鱼饲料粗颗粒，再与酶混合，混合温度为20℃，即制得鱼饲料。
实施例5
一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
酶为植酸酶0.5份、蛋白酶0.5份、淀粉酶0.5份；
维生素为维生素B12、维生素C和维生素E的混合物；
矿物盐为磷酸钙0.3份、磷酸二氢钙0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.2份、硫酸亚铁0.3份。
氨基酸为甘氨酸0.2份、丙氨酸0.2份、赖氨酸0.2份、谷氨酸0.1份。
一种鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过70目筛网，再加入除酶以外的剩余组分，混合，制粒，获得鱼饲料粗颗粒，再与酶混合，混合温度为8℃，即制得鱼饲料。
实施例6
一种鱼饲料，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
酶为植酸酶0.2份、蛋白酶0.3份、淀粉酶0.3份；
维生素为维生素A、维生素B12、维生素D和维生素E的混合物；
矿物盐为磷酸钙0.1份、磷酸二氢钙0.1份、磷酸二氢钾0.1份、硫酸亚铁0.1份、硫酸锌0.1份。
氨基酸为甘氨酸0.2份、丙氨酸0.2份、赖氨酸0.2份、谷氨酸0.2份、天冬氨酸0.3份、甲硫氨酸0.3份。
一种鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，然后将苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过40目筛网，再加入除酶以外的剩余组分，混合，制粒，获得鱼饲料粗颗粒，再与酶混合，混合的温度为5℃，即制得所述鱼饲料。
对比例1
与实施例5相比，对比例1中不含迷迭香粉和壳聚糖，其余组分和制备方法与实施例5相同。
产品效果测试
以初重为约7g±0.3g的生鱼为实验对象，分7组喂养(每组1000尾)，以实施例1-6和对比例1制得的鱼饲料来喂养生鱼，各组等量喂养8周，统计每组生鱼的平均重量，然后继续喂养6个月，再统计各组生鱼的平均重量和存活率，结果如表1所示。
表1：
从表1可以看出，本发明实施例1-6制得的鱼饲料喂养生鱼，生鱼的存活率明显高于对比例1制得的鱼饲料喂养生鱼的存活率。从表1中实施例2-6和实施例1的数据可以看出，本发明鱼饲料中植酸酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶的加入可明显提高生鱼的体重。
本发明实施例3，喂养8周，生鱼的增重率为(78.34-7)/7*100％＝1019.14％，而现有技术中记载的饲料，喂养8周，生鱼的增重率一般低于960％，由此可见，本发明所述鱼饲料，有助于生鱼的快速生长。
Claims (10)
1.一种鱼饲料，其特征在于，包括以下组分：苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、血粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂、维生素和矿物盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鱼饲料，其特征在于，所述鱼饲料还包括酶；所述酶选自植酸酶、蛋白酶或淀粉酶中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的鱼饲料，其特征在于，所述鱼饲料还包括玉米蛋白粉、豆油、鱼油、啤酒酵母、乌贼膏、氨基酸、鱼粉、鸡肉粉、填充物或壳聚糖中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的鱼饲料，其特征在于，所述矿物盐包括磷盐、钙盐、钾盐、铁盐或锌盐中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的鱼饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
6.根据权利要求2所述的鱼饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
7.根据权利要求3所述的鱼饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
8.根据权利要求3所述的鱼饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：
9.权利要求1-8中任一项所述鱼饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
称取各组分，将所述苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，再加入剩余组分，混合，制粒，即制得所述鱼饲料；
或，
称取各组分，将所述苜蓿草粉、迷迭香粉、豆粕、面粉、磷脂和矿物盐进行混合，然后挤压膨化，再粉碎，过筛网，再加入除所述酶以外的剩余组分，混合，制粒，获得鱼饲料粗颗粒，再与所述酶混合，即制得所述鱼饲料。
10.权利要求1-8中任一项所述鱼饲料在鱼养殖领域中的应用。
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