CN111296173A - Industrialized cultivation medium for velvet antler mushroom and method for cultivating edible fungi - Google Patents
Industrialized cultivation medium for velvet antler mushroom and method for cultivating edible fungi Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296173A CN111296173A CN202010231658.9A CN202010231658A CN111296173A CN 111296173 A CN111296173 A CN 111296173A CN 202010231658 A CN202010231658 A CN 202010231658A CN 111296173 A CN111296173 A CN 111296173A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial cultivation medium for velvet antler mushrooms, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of needle mushroom roots, 30-40 parts of poplar chips, 10-15 parts of corncobs, 30-40 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of bran, 3-5 parts of dried bean dregs, 3-5 parts of cottonseed hulls and 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate. The edible fungus culture medium has good physical and chemical indexes such as water retention property, air permeability and the like, is low in cost, is convenient for industrial operation, reduces food safety risk, improves the commodity appearance of the edible fungus due to high yield and good uniformity of the cultivated edible fungus, can be popularized and applied in large area in the industrial industry of the edible fungus, and has remarkable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an industrial cultivation medium for velvet antler mushrooms and a method for cultivating edible mushrooms, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation.
Background
The flammulina velutipes roots have the characteristics of good water retention, air permeability, high nutrient content and slow decomposition, and are widely applied to the facility cultivation of melons, fruits and vegetables as an ideal substrate for soilless culture in recent years.
The water content of the fruiting bodies of the artificially cultivated edible fungi is high, the water content of the fruiting bodies of common edible fungi such as velvet antler mushroom, needle mushroom, pleurotus eryngii, seafood mushroom and the like is more than 80%, the water of the mushroom bodies is mainly absorbed by a culture medium, the culture medium is easy to lose water due to long-term culture, the final yield is influenced, and hyphae are easy to suffocate due to water supplement in the production process, mushroom buds are rotten, and mixed fungi are infected. In order to ensure the yield and quality of the edible fungi, the culture medium not only needs to have sufficient nutrient substances, but also needs to have scientific physicochemical indexes (such as water retention, porosity, air permeability, viscosity and the like), so that the key for industrially cultivating the edible fungi is to select proper raw materials to prepare the culture medium according to a scientific proportion. Along with the industrial development of edible fungi, the prices of various raw materials such as rice bran, corncobs, bran and the like are continuously increased, cottonseed hulls widely used in the traditional edible fungi cultivation risk enriching pesticides and heavy metals, the beet pulp mainly used as a water-absorbing material has low price due to the reduction of domestic beet yield and the requirement of feed processing, and the factors seriously restrict the industrial development of the edible fungi. Therefore, the search for a raw material preparation culture medium which is high in quality, low in price, convenient for standardized operation and meets the requirement of food safety is very important for the industrial production of the edible fungi.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an industrial cultivation medium for velvet antler mushroom and a method for cultivating edible fungi.
The invention relates to an industrial cultivation medium for velvet antler mushroom, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of needle mushroom roots, 30-40 parts of poplar chips, 10-15 parts of corncobs, 30-40 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of bran, 3-5 parts of dried bean dregs, 3-5 parts of cottonseed hulls and 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Further preferably, the factory cultivation substrate for the velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of needle mushroom roots, 29 parts of poplar chips, 13 parts of corncobs, 28 parts of rice bran, 12 parts of bran, 4 parts of dry bean dregs, 4 parts of cottonseed hulls and 1 part of light calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the needle mushroom roots are granular bodies, and the water content is lower than 15%.
A method for cultivating edible fungi by using an industrial cultivation medium of velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following steps:
step one, proportioning raw materials according to the weight parts of the industrial culture medium of the edible fungi;
step two, soaking the weighed needle mushroom roots in water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 15%;
step three, putting the raw materials except the needle mushroom roots in the step one into a stirrer in sequence, firstly, carrying out dry stirring for 10-15 minutes, then adding the needle mushroom roots soaked with water in the step two and water, stirring until the raw materials in the culture medium are uniformly mixed, fully absorbing water, and finally, ensuring that the water content of the culture medium is 66% -68% and the pH value is 6.2-6.8;
step four, filling the prepared culture medium into the culture bottles by adopting a full-automatic bottling machine, placing the culture baskets with the culture bottles on a turnover vehicle, pushing the turnover vehicle into a high-pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization at the temperature of 120-;
step five, inoculation, after sterilization, placing the cultivation bottle into a cooling chamber for forced cooling, inoculating when the material temperature is reduced to the room temperature, and placing the cultivation bottle into a culture chamber for culture;
and step six, after the hyphae are mature, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, then moving the cultivation bottle to a breeding room for bud promotion, performing environmental control after mushroom buds grow out, and harvesting when the requirement of commodities is met.
Wherein, the culture environment in the process of culturing the five mycelia is as follows: room temperature of 22-23 ℃, air humidity of 65-75%, good photophobic and air circulation, CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3000-4000 ppm.
The cultivation bottle is a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the edible fungus culture medium has good physical and chemical indexes such as water retention property, air permeability and the like, is low in cost, is convenient for industrial operation, reduces food safety risk, improves the commodity appearance of the edible fungus due to high yield and good uniformity of the cultivated edible fungus, can be popularized and applied in large area in the industrial industry of the edible fungus, and has remarkable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: a method for cultivating edible fungi by using an industrial cultivation medium of velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following steps: the first step, according to the following weight portion of raw materials, 5 portions of needle mushroom roots, 30 portions of poplar chips, 10 portions of corncobs, 30 portions of rice bran, 10 portions of bran, 3 portions of dry bean dregs, 3 portions of cottonseed hulls and 1 portion of light calcium carbonate;
step two, performing water absorption treatment on the needle mushroom roots, namely soaking the weighed needle mushroom roots in water, and swelling the needle mushroom roots after a few minutes of water absorption;
step three, mixing and stirring, namely putting other raw materials into a stirrer in sequence, firstly, carrying out dry stirring for 10 minutes, then adding the soaked needle mushroom roots and the residual water, stirring until the raw materials in the culture medium are uniformly mixed, fully absorbing water, and finally, ensuring that the water content of the culture medium is 66% and the pH value is 6.2;
step four, bottling and covering bottle caps, wherein each 16 polypropylene plastic cultivation bottles are one basket, a prepared culture medium is filled into the cultivation bottles by adopting a full-automatic bottling machine, after filling is finished, a total of 6 holes are punched in the middle and the periphery of a material surface to the bottoms of the cultivation bottles through an automatic punching machine, the surface of the culture medium is required to be flat, the capacity of the cultivation bottles is 1500mL, the filling amount of each bottle is 1200g, and after filling and punching are finished, the bottle caps matched with the cultivation bottle caps are covered by the automatic capping machine;
step five, high-pressure steam sterilization, namely placing the cultivation basket filled with the cultivation bottles on a turnover vehicle, pushing the cultivation basket into a high-pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization, maintaining the temperature at 121 ℃ for 90min, inoculating, after the sterilization is finished, placing the cultivation bottles in a cooling chamber for forced cooling, and inoculating when the material temperature is reduced to the room temperature; inoculating liquid strains of the velvet antler mushroom into culture bottles by using a full-automatic inoculation machine under a laminar flow hood, wherein the inoculation amount of each bottle is 35 mL;
and step six, after the hypha culture inoculation is finished, moving the culture bottle into a culture room for hypha culture, wherein the culture environment is as follows: room temperature 22 deg.C, air humidity 65%, light shielding, good air circulation, and automatic control system adopted in the culture room for controlling material temperature at 17 deg.C, space humidity at 65%, and CO2The concentration is controlled at 3000ppm, meanwhile, the environmental cleanliness is ensured through efficient air filtration, hypha can grow over the cultivation bottle after being cultivated for 58 days, and mycelium stimulation treatment is carried out after the hypha is mature, old hypha on the material surface is removed, and mechanical stimulation is formed; then the cultivating bottle is moved to a breeding room to hasten the buds, and the environment is controlled after the mushroom buds grow out, and the mushroom buds can be harvested after the commodity requirement is met.
Example 2: a method for cultivating edible fungi by using an industrial cultivation medium of velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following steps: step one, according to the following weight part raw material ratio, 10 parts of needle mushroom root, 40 parts of poplar wood chip, 15 parts of corncob, 40 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of bran, 5 parts of dried bean dregs, 5 parts of cottonseed hull and 3 parts of light calcium carbonate;
step two, performing water absorption treatment on the needle mushroom roots, namely soaking the weighed needle mushroom roots in water, and swelling the needle mushroom roots after a few minutes of water absorption;
step three, mixing and stirring, namely putting other raw materials into a stirrer in sequence, firstly, carrying out dry stirring for 15 minutes, then adding the soaked needle mushroom roots and the residual water, stirring until the raw materials in the culture medium are uniformly mixed, fully absorbing water, and finally, ensuring that the water content of the culture medium is 68% and the pH value is 6.8;
step four, bottling and covering bottle caps, wherein each 16 polypropylene plastic cultivation bottles are one basket, a prepared culture medium is filled into the cultivation bottles by adopting a full-automatic bottling machine, after filling is finished, a total of 6 holes are punched in the middle and the periphery of a material surface to the bottoms of the cultivation bottles through an automatic punching machine, the surface of the culture medium is required to be flat, the capacity of the cultivation bottles is 1500mL, the filling amount of each bottle is 1200g, and after filling and punching are finished, the bottle caps matched with the cultivation bottle caps are covered by the automatic capping machine;
and fifthly, sterilizing by high pressure steam, namely placing the cultivation basket with the cultivation bottles on a turnover vehicle, pushing the cultivation basket into a high pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization, maintaining the temperature at 121 ℃ for 90min, inoculating, after the sterilization is finished, placing the cultivation bottles in a cooling chamber for forced cooling, and inoculating when the material temperature is reduced to the room temperature. Inoculating liquid strains of the velvet antler mushroom into culture bottles by using a full-automatic inoculation machine under a laminar flow hood, wherein the inoculation amount of each bottle is 35 mL;
and step six, after the hypha culture inoculation is finished, moving the culture bottle into a culture room for hypha culture, wherein the culture environment is as follows: room temperature 23 deg.C, air humidity 75%, good photophobia and air circulation, automatic control system in the culture room for controlling material temperature at 20 deg.C, space humidity at 75%, and CO2Controlling the concentration to be 4000ppm, simultaneously ensuring the environmental cleanliness through efficient air filtration, enabling hyphae to overgrow a culture bottle after culturing for 60 days, and performing mycelium stimulation treatment after the hyphae are mature to remove old hyphae on the material surface and form mechanical stimulation;
then the cultivating bottle is moved to a breeding room to hasten the buds, and the environment is controlled after the mushroom buds grow out, and the mushroom buds can be harvested after the commodity requirement is met.
Example 3:
a method for cultivating edible fungi by using an industrial cultivation medium of velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following steps: step one, mixing 8 parts of needle mushroom roots, 35 parts of poplar chips, 12 parts of corncobs, 35 parts of rice bran, 12 parts of bran, 4 parts of dry bean dregs, 4 parts of cottonseed hulls and 3 parts of light calcium according to the following weight parts of raw materials;
step two, performing water absorption treatment on the needle mushroom roots, namely soaking the weighed needle mushroom roots in water, and swelling the needle mushroom roots after a few minutes of water absorption;
step three, mixing and stirring, namely putting other raw materials into a stirrer in sequence, firstly, carrying out dry stirring for 12 minutes, then adding the soaked needle mushroom roots and the residual water, stirring until the raw materials in the culture medium are uniformly mixed, fully absorbing water, and finally, ensuring that the water content of the culture medium is 67% and the pH value is 6.5;
step four, bottling and covering bottle caps, wherein each 16 polypropylene plastic cultivation bottles are one basket, a prepared culture medium is filled into the cultivation bottles by adopting a full-automatic bottling machine, after filling is finished, a total of 6 holes are punched in the middle and the periphery of a material surface to the bottoms of the cultivation bottles through an automatic punching machine, the surface of the culture medium is required to be flat, the capacity of the cultivation bottles is 1500mL, the filling amount of each bottle is 1200g, and after filling and punching are finished, the bottle caps matched with the cultivation bottle caps are covered by the automatic capping machine;
and fifthly, sterilizing by high pressure steam, namely placing the cultivation basket with the cultivation bottles on a turnover vehicle, pushing the cultivation basket into a high pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization, maintaining the temperature at 121 ℃ for 90min, inoculating, after the sterilization is finished, placing the cultivation bottles in a cooling chamber for forced cooling, and inoculating when the material temperature is reduced to the room temperature. Inoculating liquid strains of the velvet antler mushroom into culture bottles by using a full-automatic inoculation machine under a laminar flow hood, wherein the inoculation amount of each bottle is 35 mL;
and step six, after the hypha culture inoculation is finished, moving the culture bottle into a culture room for hypha culture, wherein the culture environment is as follows: room temperature 23 deg.C, air humidity 70%, good photophobia and air circulation, automatic control system in the culture room for controlling material temperature at 18 deg.C, space humidity at 70%, and CO2Controlling the concentration to be 3500ppm, simultaneously ensuring the environmental cleanliness through efficient air filtration, enabling hyphae to overgrow a culture bottle after culturing for 59 days, and performing mycelium stimulation treatment after the hyphae are mature to remove old hyphae on the material surface and form mechanical stimulation;
then the cultivating bottle is moved to a breeding room to hasten the buds, and the environment is controlled after the mushroom buds grow out, and the mushroom buds can be harvested after the commodity requirement is met.
Comparative example 1 cultivation of velvet antler mushroom is performed by using a conventional substrate, the conventional substrate comprises 40 parts of mulberry sawdust, 30 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of wheat bran and 2 parts of lime, water is added and mixed uniformly, the water content of the prepared culture medium is 67%, and the pH value is 6.5; the culture medium was subjected to the procedure of example 1, steps four to six, and hyphae were cultured. Then the cultivating bottle is moved to a breeding room to hasten the buds, and the environment is controlled after the mushroom buds grow out, and the mushroom buds can be harvested after the commodity requirement is met.
The yields of velvet antler mushrooms cultivated in examples 1-3 and comparative examples were compared and are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Yield (g) of velvet antler mushroom per cultivation bottle |
| Example 1 | 422.4 |
| Example 2 | 432.8 |
| Example 3 | 435.6 |
| Comparative example | 320.3 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation medium of the present invention can significantly improve the yield of velvet antler mushroom and has low raw material cost.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. An industrial cultivation medium for velvet antler mushrooms is characterized in that: the culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of needle mushroom roots, 30-40 parts of poplar chips, 10-15 parts of corncobs, 30-40 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of bran, 3-5 parts of dried bean dregs, 3-5 parts of cottonseed hulls and 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate.
2. The industrial cultivation substrate for velvet antler mushrooms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of needle mushroom roots, 29 parts of poplar chips, 13 parts of corncobs, 28 parts of rice bran, 12 parts of bran, 4 parts of dry bean dregs, 4 parts of cottonseed hulls and 1 part of light calcium carbonate.
3. The industrial cultivation substrate for velvet antler mushrooms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the needle mushroom root is granular.
4. A method for cultivating edible fungi by using an industrial cultivation medium of velvet antler mushrooms is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: step one, proportioning raw materials according to the weight parts of the industrial culture medium of the edible fungi;
step two, soaking the weighed needle mushroom roots in water to ensure that the water content is not lower than 15%;
step three, putting the raw materials except the needle mushroom roots in the step one into a stirrer in sequence, firstly, carrying out dry stirring for 10-15 minutes, then adding the needle mushroom roots soaked with water in the step two and water, stirring until the raw materials in the culture medium are uniformly mixed, fully absorbing water, and finally, ensuring that the water content of the culture medium is 66% -68% and the pH value is 6.2-6.8;
step four, filling the prepared culture medium into the culture bottles by adopting a full-automatic bottling machine, placing the culture baskets with the culture bottles on a turnover vehicle, pushing the turnover vehicle into a high-pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization at the temperature of 120-;
step five, inoculation, after sterilization, placing the cultivation bottle into a cooling chamber for forced cooling, inoculating when the material temperature is reduced to the room temperature, and placing the cultivation bottle into a culture chamber for culture;
and step six, after the hyphae are mature, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, then moving the cultivation bottle to a breeding room for bud promotion, performing environmental control after mushroom buds grow out, and harvesting when the requirement of commodities is met.
5. The method for cultivating edible fungi by using the industrial cultivation medium for the velvet antler mushrooms as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation medium comprises:the culture environment in the mycelium culture process in the step four is as follows: room temperature 22-23 ℃, air humidity 65% -75% and CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3000-4000 ppm.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111825778A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-27 | 贵州省贵福菌业发展有限公司 | Method for extracting polysaccharide and preparing velvet antler mushroom cultivation base material by taking morchella esculenta dregs as raw material |
| CN113455280A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-01 | 贵州省贵福菌业发展有限公司 | Underwood cultivation method for velvet antler mushroom |
| CN113711840A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-30 | 江苏江南生物科技有限公司 | Intensive and large-scale cultivation method for velvet antler mushroom |
| CN113796263A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-17 | 贵州大秦农业科技有限公司 | Large-scale cultivation method of velvet antler mushroom |
| CN114698506A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-05 | 沈阳恒生生物科技发展有限公司 | Cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom and application |
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Application publication date: 20200619 |