CN110663453A - Lyophyllum decastes culture material, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Lyophyllum decastes culture material, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110663453A CN110663453A CN201911119353.2A CN201911119353A CN110663453A CN 110663453 A CN110663453 A CN 110663453A CN 201911119353 A CN201911119353 A CN 201911119353A CN 110663453 A CN110663453 A CN 110663453A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The Lyophyllum decastes culture material comprises a main material and humic acid, wherein the main material comprises un-decomposed sawdust, and the un-decomposed sawdust is one or more of un-decomposed broadleaf tree sawdust and un-decomposed conifer sawdust. The invention also provides a preparation method of the Lyophyllum decastes compost, each component of the Lyophyllum decastes compost is subjected to dry stirring to obtain a dry material, and the dry material is added with water and subjected to wet stirring to obtain a wet material; the dry stirring time is 5-20 min, the wet stirring time is 40-55 min, and the moisture content of the wet material is 55-70%. According to the Lyophyllum decastes compost provided by the invention, humic acid is added into the Lyophyllum decastes compost, so that the un-decomposed sawdust can be directly used for cultivation and production of Lyophyllum decastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungi, in particular to a culture material of lyophyllum decastes and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
There are two main types of wood chips used for cultivating edible fungi: one is broadleaf wood chips, such as those of poplar, eucalyptus, oak, fruit trees, etc.; the other kind is needle-leaved tree sawdust, such as pine sawdust, cedar sawdust and the like, which can be used in China including masson pine, yellow mountain pine, red pine, black pine, Yunnan pine, cedar and the like. Particularly, pine trees and fir trees are main tree species in China and main materials for industry, agriculture, building and life, wood chips of the pine trees and the fir trees account for hundreds of millions of tons every year in the whole country, and are everywhere in cities and countryside, most of the wood chips are not utilized except for a few wood chips used as fuel or composite boards, and the wood chips are treated as waste materials.
The wood chips generally have high content of crude fibers and carbohydrates, less nitrogen-containing compounds and less quick-acting nutrients, most of edible fungi are difficult to directly utilize the wood chips, and fresh broad-leaf wood chips and fresh conifer wood chips can be used for cultivating the edible fungi after certain decomposition treatment.
The traditional method adopts cooking and distilling methods to decompose the wood chips, and has the disadvantages of complex process, high cost and poor effect. In recent years, the wood chips are mainly decomposed by a long-term water adding stacking method in domestic and Japanese edible fungus cultivation, and the method comprises the following specific operations:
(1) collecting sawdust;
(2) stacking and sprinkling: the wood chips are separately stacked on the cement floor which is open and has a slope. At present, large domestic and overseas edible fungus factories have sawdust stockpiling yards. The size of the yard depends on the scale of production. The material pile is generally 5-10 meters wide, unlimited in length and 2-6 meters high, sawdust which is built and piled needs to be sprayed frequently, the sawdust needs to be permeable to water, the sawdust is kept wet at ordinary times, a conditional factory is provided with a spray head for regularly and automatically spraying water to keep the sawdust wet and prevent dust from drifting. In order to pile the sawdust uniformly, the sawdust must be turned over every 1-2 months in the middle of the piling process, the periphery of the sawdust must be turned over to the inside, and the middle of the sawdust must be turned over to the outside.
(3) Time of stacking: the stacking time of fresh broad-leaved tree wood chips is generally 3-6 months, and the stacking time of fresh needle-leaved tree wood chips is generally 6-12 months (wherein the stacking time of the cedar wood chips is 6-10 months, and the stacking time of the pine wood chips is 8-12 months).
The wood chips accumulated after long-term water addition have good physical properties, the wood chips have high moisture content and become soft, and substances harmful to hyphae are largely decomposed or volatilized to be exhausted, so that the wood chips are very suitable for cultivating edible fungi.
However, in the composting process, black brown sewage often flows out of the periphery of the material pile, contains a large amount of microorganisms and toxic and harmful substances, and can seriously pollute the environment after being directly discharged; meanwhile, the wood chips are lost due to long-term wind blowing and rain showering, and according to statistics, 1 ten thousand cubes of wood chips are subjected to long-time stacking, water adding, pile turning and drifting, only 6000 to 7000 cubes of wood chips are probably used in practice, and the loss reaches 30 to 40 percent. In a word, the problem of one-time investment cost increase caused by the need of building a composting plant, the problem of cost continuous increase caused by the use of large-scale machinery and mechanical operation in the actual turning operation, the problem of wood chip drifting loss caused by wind and rain, the environmental protection problem caused by sewage seeping after wood chip sprinkling, and the cost increase problem caused by the fact that a large amount of water resources are used by watering the wood chips are all sorts of problems which need to be solved from the technical perspective.
Lyophyllum decastes (called Lyophyllum decastes in Latin), also called as velvet mushroom, belongs to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae and Lyophyllum, and is an excellent edible fungus variety cultivated in competition research in domestic and foreign edible fungus communities. The Lyophyllum decastes has the advantages of thick and exquisite flesh, fragrant smell, crisp and smooth taste, delicious taste and rich nutrition, has great superiority in repairing human cells, treating cardiovascular diseases, resisting aging and the like, is a famous and precious edible fungus for both food and medicine, has more and more acceptable and accepted food and medicine values, and has wide market prospect in the future. Lyophyllum decastes belongs to wood-rotting fungi, and sawdust is used as one of important culture materials to provide a rich carbon source for the Lyophyllum decastes, but the un-rotted sawdust cannot be applied to the cultivation of the Lyophyllum decastes, so that the development of the culture material of the Lyophyllum decastes free of sawdust rotting is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the Lyophyllum decastes culture material which can overcome the defects that in the production of the traditional Lyophyllum decastes, wood chips which are not decomposed can not be directly used, fresh broad-leaved tree wood chips need to be stacked for 3-6 months, and fresh coniferous tree wood chips need to be stacked for 6-12 months for use; the Lyophyllum decastes compost provided by the invention can be used without wood dust decomposition, saves energy consumption, avoids environmental pollution, greatly reduces production cost and one-time investment cost, and can be widely applied to the cultivation and production of Lyophyllum decastes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a Lyophyllum decastes compost which comprises a main material and humic acid, wherein the main material comprises unripe sawdust.
The non-decomposed sawdust is one or more than one of non-decomposed broadleaf tree sawdust and non-decomposed conifer sawdust.
The undegraded broad-leaved tree wood chips refer to fresh broad-leaved tree wood chips and broad-leaved tree wood chips stacked for less than 3 months; the unruptured conifer wood chips refer to fresh conifer wood chips, and conifer wood chips in the case that the stacking time is less than 6 months.
Humic acid is added into the Lyophyllum decastes compost, so that the un-decomposed sawdust can be directly used for cultivation and production of Lyophyllum decastes. The method avoids the problem that fresh broad-leaved tree scraps need to be piled up for 3-6 months to be thoroughly decomposed, and the problem that the fresh needle-leaved tree scraps need to be piled up for 6-12 months or even longer to be thoroughly decomposed and can be used for the cultivation of the lyophyllum decastes is solved; the loss of the sawdust in the process of stacking the sawdust is up to 30-40%; the problem of environmental pollution caused by a large amount of waste water and flying dust generated in the process of watering and turning over the wood chips is avoided; the problem of large mechanical energy consumption in the pile turning process is avoided; the culture material for the lyophyllum decastes solves the technical problem that the technical personnel in the field hopefully solve for a long time that the un-decomposed sawdust is directly applied to the cultivation and production of edible fungi such as the lyophyllum decastes and the like without piling.
The humic acid is one or more of black humic acid, brown humic acid and yellow humic acid.
Further, in order to increase the air permeability of the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes, the main material also comprises corncobs.
Furthermore, in order to better promote the growth of Lyophyllum decastes hypha, the Lyophyllum decastes culture material also comprises auxiliary materials. The auxiliary materials at least comprise one of corn flour, bran, rice bran and soybean meal.
Preferably, the Lyophyllum decastes compost comprises: wood chips, corncobs, bran, rice bran, bean pulp and humic acid.
Preferably, in order to adjust the pH value, the Lyophyllum decastes culture material also comprises a pH regulator.
Preferably, the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the pH regulator is one or more of calcium hydroxide, light calcium carbonate or shell powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes, which comprises the following steps:
dry stirring the components of the Lyophyllum decastes compost to obtain a dry material, and adding water into the dry material to wet stir to obtain a wet material;
the dry stirring time is 5-20 min, the wet stirring time is 40-55 min, and the moisture content of the wet material is 55-70%.
The invention also provides application of the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes in the cultivation production of the lyophyllum decastes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the time cost is saved, the problem that fresh broad-leaved tree sawdust needs to be cooked or piled for 3-6 months to be thoroughly decomposed is solved, and the fresh needle-leaved tree sawdust needs to be cooked or piled for 6-12 months to be used for mushroom cultivation, so that the consumed time is long;
2. waste of the sawdust is avoided, and the defect that the loss of the sawdust in the traditional stacking process is up to 30-40% due to the fact that a large amount of sawdust is lost in the stacking and cooking processes in the traditional method is avoided;
3. the economic cost is saved, and the problems that the one-time investment cost of a sawdust storage yard of an edible fungus factory is high, a large field is needed, a large amount of sawdust raw materials need more turnover capital for storage, a large amount of mechanical equipment, manpower, material resources and financial resources need to be invested in the turning process, and if a steaming mode is adopted, large-scale boiler equipment is needed, special personnel are needed, and the economic cost is high in the traditional method are solved;
4. the environment pollution is avoided, and the defects that a large amount of waste water and flying dust are generated in the wood chips during watering and turning processes and long-term exposure to the sun and rain, and serious environment pollution is caused if purification treatment is not carried out are avoided;
5. the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes provided by the invention is not only limited to the cultivation of the lyophyllum decastes, but also can be applied to the cultivation production of other edible fungi;
6. the culture material for the lyophyllum decastes is used for cultivating the lyophyllum decastes, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, saves cost, time and labor, and has a relatively high application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the cultivation of Lyophyllum decastes according to the present invention.
Shown in the figure:
h1 is the Lyophyllum nuciferum fruiting body cultivated by the cultivation method of example 1;
h2 is the Lyophyllum nuciferum fruiting body cultivated by the cultivation method of example 6;
h3 is the Lyophyllum nuciferum fruiting body cultivated by the cultivation method of comparative example 1;
h4 is the Lyophyllum nuciferum fruiting body cultivated by the cultivation method of comparative example 6.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Test methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, percentages and parts are percentages and parts by mass.
Lyophyllum decastes strains are derived from Japan in the following examples.
The components are materials commonly used in the field and are all commercially available.
The percentages of the components are calculated by dry weight.
Example 1
(1) Formulation a, composition of the compost is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 composition of compost formula A
| Components | Formulation A |
| Wood chips of undegraded broadleaf tree (%) | 50 |
| Corncob (%) | 15 |
| Bran (%) | 10 |
| Rice bran (%) | 3 |
| Corn flour (%) | 6 |
| Soybean meal (%) | 2 |
| Calcium hydroxide (%) | 1 |
| Humic acid (%) | 13 |
(2) The cultivation process of the lyophyllum decastes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring: stirring, feeding, dry stirring and wet stirring according to a stirring process of culture materials for cultivating the industrial Lyophyllum decastes, wherein the dry stirring is carried out for 10min, the wet stirring is carried out for 50min, the culture materials are uniformly mixed during the wet stirring, the water content of the culture materials is detected to be controlled at 55%, and a culture medium is prepared;
s2, bottling and sterilizing: a total of 500 bottles of 1100cc of polypropylene plastic bottles were filled with 600 g per bottle as a cultivation container, and then subjected to autoclaving for 60 minutes when the internal temperature of the medium reached 120 ℃.
S3, inoculation and culture: cooling the sterilized culture bottle to 22 ℃, inoculating under aseptic condition, placing the inoculated culture bottle in a culture room for culturing, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 20 ℃, maintaining the humidity at 60%, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide below 4000ppm, and culturing for 50 days;
s4, fruiting and harvesting, namely transferring the cultivation bottles with grown mushrooms into a cultivation room for fruiting management after the mushrooms are removed, setting the fruiting temperature to be 13 ℃, setting the relative air humidity to be 90 percent, and setting the carbon dioxide concentration to be 3000ppm, wherein the fruiting time is 5 days before the cultivation in the dark, 6-18 days before the cultivation in the dark, and the illumination intensity is 50 Lux; on day 19, the illumination intensity is 200Lux, and the fruiting bodies are collected when they are mature.
Example 2
(1) Formulation B, composition of the compost is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 composition of compost formula B
| Components | Formulation B |
| Wood chips of undegraded broadleaf tree (%) | 40 |
| Corncob (%) | 25 |
| Bran (%) | 3 |
| Rice bran (%) | 10 |
| Corn flour (%) | 5 |
| Soybean meal (%) | 6 |
| Calcium hydroxide (%) | 1 |
| Humic acid (%) | 10 |
(2) The cultivation process of the lyophyllum decastes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring: stirring, feeding, dry stirring and wet stirring according to a stirring process of culture materials for cultivating the industrial Lyophyllum decastes, wherein the dry stirring is carried out for 5min, the wet stirring is carried out for 55min, the culture materials are uniformly mixed during the wet stirring, the water content of the culture materials is detected to be controlled at 60%, and a culture medium is prepared;
s2, bottling and sterilizing: a total of 500 bottles of 1100cc of polypropylene plastic bottles were filled with 650 g of each bottle, and then autoclaved and maintained for 60 minutes when the internal temperature of the medium reached 120 ℃.
S3, inoculation and culture: cooling the sterilized culture bottle to 20 ℃, inoculating under aseptic condition, placing the inoculated culture bottle in a culture room for culturing, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 25 ℃, maintaining the humidity at 65%, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide below 4000ppm, and culturing for 50 days;
s4, fruiting and harvesting, namely transferring the cultivation bottles with grown mushrooms into a cultivation room for fruiting management after the mushrooms are removed, wherein the fruiting temperature is set to be 15 ℃, the relative air humidity is 95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 2000ppm, the first 5 days are dark, 6-18 days are dark, and the illumination intensity is 100 Lux; on day 19, the illumination intensity is 500Lux, and the fruiting bodies are collected when they are mature.
Example 3
(1) Formulation C, composition of the compost is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 composition of compost of formula C
| Components | Formulation C |
| Wood chips of undegraded broadleaf tree (%) | 20 |
| Corncob (%) | 30 |
| Bran (%) | 15 |
| Rice bran (%) | 2 |
| Corn flour (%) | 2 |
| Soybean meal (%) | 10 |
| Calcium hydroxide (%) | 1 |
| Humic acid (%) | 20 |
(2) The cultivation process of the lyophyllum decastes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring: stirring, feeding, dry stirring and wet stirring according to a stirring process of culture materials for cultivating the industrial Lyophyllum decastes, wherein the dry stirring is carried out for 15min, the wet stirring is carried out for 45min, the culture materials are uniformly mixed during the wet stirring, the water content of the culture materials is detected to be controlled at 65%, and a culture medium is prepared;
s2, bottling and sterilizing: a total of 500 bottles of 1100cc of polypropylene plastic bottles were filled with 680 g of each bottle as a cultivation container, and then autoclaved and maintained for 60 minutes when the internal temperature of the medium reached 120 ℃.
S3, inoculation and culture: cooling the sterilized culture bottle to 25 ℃, inoculating under aseptic condition, placing the inoculated culture bottle in a culture room for culture, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 22 ℃, maintaining the humidity at 70%, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide below 2000ppm, and culturing for 60 days;
s4, fruiting and harvesting: the cultivation bottle with the grown mushrooms is transferred to a cultivation room for fruiting management after being subjected to mushroom scratching, the fruiting temperature is set to be 17 ℃, the relative air humidity is 100%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 2000ppm, the first 5 days are dark, 6-18 days are carried out, and the illumination intensity is 100 Lux; and (4) lighting intensity of 300Lux from 19 days, and harvesting when the fruit bodies are mature.
Example 4
(1) Formulation D, composition of the compost is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 composition of compost of formula D
(2) The cultivation process of the lyophyllum decastes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring: stirring materials according to a stirring process of an industrial culture material for the Lyophyllum decastes, feeding, dry stirring and wet stirring, wherein the dry stirring is carried out for 20min, the wet stirring is carried out for 40min, water flows out through a manual material pinching finger seam during the wet stirring, so that the culture material is uniformly mixed, the water content of the culture material is detected and controlled at 70%, and a culture medium is prepared;
s2, bottling and sterilizing: a total of 500 bottles of 1100cc plastic bottles were used as cultivation containers, and 620 g of each bottle was charged, followed by autoclaving and maintaining the medium at 120 ℃ for 60 minutes.
S3, inoculation and culture: cooling the sterilized culture bottle to 23 ℃, inoculating under aseptic condition, placing the inoculated culture bottle in a culture room for culture, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 23 ℃, maintaining the humidity at 75%, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide below 3000ppm, and culturing for 60 days;
s4, fruiting and harvesting, namely transferring the cultivation bottles with grown mushrooms into a cultivation room for fruiting management after the mushrooms are removed, wherein the fruiting temperature is set to be 18 ℃, the relative air humidity is 95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 2500ppm, the first 5 days are dark, 6-18 days are dark, and the illumination intensity is 50 Lux; on day 19, the illumination intensity is 450Lux, and the fruit bodies are harvested when mature.
Example 5
(1) Formulation E, composition of the compost is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 composition of compost of formula E
Note: in table 5, the weight ratio of the wood chips of the unruptured broad leaf trees to the wood chips of the unruptured coniferous trees in the mixture of the wood chips of the unruptured broad leaf trees and the unruptured coniferous trees is 1: 1.
(2) the cultivation process of the lyophyllum decastes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring: stirring, feeding, dry stirring and wet stirring according to a stirring process of culture materials for cultivating the industrial Lyophyllum decastes, wherein the dry stirring is carried out for 15min, the wet stirring is carried out for 45min, the culture materials are uniformly mixed during the wet stirring, the water content of the culture materials is detected and controlled at 68%, and a culture medium is prepared;
s2, bottling and sterilizing: a total of 500 bottles of 1100cc of polypropylene plastic bottles were filled with 680 g of each bottle as a cultivation container, and then autoclaved and maintained for 60 minutes when the internal temperature of the medium reached 120 ℃.
S3, inoculation and culture: cooling the sterilized culture bottle to 25 ℃, inoculating under aseptic condition, placing the inoculated culture bottle in a culture room for culture, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 22 ℃, maintaining the humidity at 70%, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide below 4000ppm, and culturing for 60 days;
s4, fruiting and harvesting, namely transferring the cultivation bottles with grown mushrooms into a cultivation room for fruiting management after the mushrooms are removed, setting the fruiting temperature to be 17 ℃, setting the relative air humidity to be 100%, setting the carbon dioxide concentration to be 2000ppm, and setting the fruiting temperature to be dark for the first 5 days and light intensity to be 100Lux for 6-18 days; on day 19, the illumination intensity is 200Lux, and the fruiting bodies are collected when they are mature.
Example 6
(1) Formulation a1, the unruptured hardwood tree chips in formulation a of example 1 were replaced with unruptured conifer chips.
(2) The cultivation process of Lyophyllum decastes was the same as in example 1.
Example 7
(1) Formulation B1, the unruptured hardwood tree chips in formulation B of example 2 were replaced with unruptured conifer chips.
(2) The cultivation process of Lyophyllum decastes was the same as in example 2.
Example 8
(1) Formulation C1, the unruptured hardwood tree chips in formulation C of example 3 were replaced with unruptured conifer chips.
(2) The cultivation process of Lyophyllum decastes is the same as that in example 3
Example 9
(1) Formulation D1, the unruptured hardwood tree chips in formulation D of example 4 were replaced with unruptured conifer chips.
(2) The cultivation process of Lyophyllum decastes was the same as in example 4.
Example 10 comparative example
Comparative example 1: the culture medium in example 1 is not added with humic acid, and the other steps are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2: the culture medium in the embodiment 2 is not added with humic acid, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 3: the culture medium in example 3 was not added with humic acid, and the rest was the same as example 3.
Comparative example 4: the culture medium in example 4 is not added with humic acid, and the other steps are the same as example 4.
Comparative example 5: the culture medium in example 5 is not added with humic acid, and the other steps are the same as those in example 5.
Comparative example 6: the culture medium in example 6 is not added with humic acid, and the rest is the same as example 6.
Comparative example 7: the culture medium in example 7 was not added with humic acid, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 7.
Comparative example 8: the culture medium in the embodiment 8 is not added with humic acid, and the other steps are the same as the embodiment 8.
Comparative example 9: the culture medium in example 9 is not added with humic acid, and the other steps are the same as those in example 9.
Comparative example 10: in comparative example 1, the wood chips of the undegraded hardwood trees were replaced with wood chips of the hardwood trees piled for 3 months.
Comparative example 11: in comparative example 6, the unripe conifer wood chips were replaced with conifer wood chips stacked for 6 months.
Example 11 culture test data
The confluency rates of 30 days, 35 days, 40 days, 45 days, and 50 days during the culture in examples 1 to 10 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 5.
The full rate refers to the percentage of the number of containers with hyphae growing over the cultivation container, the full number/the total number of statistics.
TABLE 5 fullness data statistics
The results in table 5 show that:
from the culture test results of examples 1 to 4, it is known that when the wood chips of the unripe broad-leaved trees are adopted and 3 to 20 percent of humic acid is added into the culture material of the Lyophyllum decastes, the hypha feeding of the Lyophyllum decastes is normal, the fullness rate in 30 days is up to 88 to 95 percent, the fullness rate in 35 days is up to 96 to 99 percent, and the hypha feeding of the Lyophyllum decastes starts to completely bloom in 40 days; the culture test results of comparative examples 1 to 4 show that when the composts of the Lyophyllum decastes adopt wood chips of undegraded broad-leaved trees, hyphae of the Lyophyllum decastes slowly eat under the condition of not adding humic acid, wherein the fullness rate in 45 days is only 10-16%, and the fullness rate in 50 days is only 33-45%; therefore, when the un-decomposed broad-leaved tree wood chips are used in the culture material of the Lyophyllum decastes, the fungus growing speed of the Lyophyllum decastes is remarkably improved after 3-20% of humic acid is added.
From the culture test results of examples 6 to 9, it is known that when unripe coniferous wood chips are adopted and 3 to 20 percent of humic acid is added into the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes, the hypha feeding of the lyophyllum decastes is normal, the fullness rate in 30 days is as high as 80 to 94 percent, the fullness rate in 35 days is as high as 96 to 99 percent, and the lyophyllum decastes starts to completely cover in 40 days; the culture test results of comparative examples 6 to 9 show that when unripe coniferous wood chips are adopted in the culture material of the Lyophyllum decastes, the hypha of the Lyophyllum decastes slowly eats without adding humic acid, wherein the fullness rate in 45 days is only 8-16%, and the fullness rate in 50 days is only 32-43%; therefore, when the un-decomposed needle-leaf tree sawdust is used in the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes, the spawn running speed of the lyophyllum decastes is obviously improved after the humic acid is added.
From the culture test results of example 5, it is known that when a mixture of non-decomposed broad-leaved tree wood chips and non-decomposed conifer wood chips is used in a culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, 3 to 20% of humic acid is added, hypha of Lyophyllum decastes has normal feeding, the fullness rate in 30 days is as high as 95%, the fullness rate in 35 days is as high as 99%, and the hypha begins to completely bloom in 40 days; on the other hand, the culture test results of comparative example 5 show that when a mixture of non-decomposed broad-leaved tree wood chips and non-decomposed conifer wood chips is used in the culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, the hypha of Lyophyllum decastes slowly eats without adding humic acid, wherein the fullness rate in 45 days is only 19%, and the fullness rate in 50 days is only 30%; therefore, when the un-decomposed needle-leaf tree sawdust is used in the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes, the spawn running speed of the lyophyllum decastes is obviously improved after the humic acid is added.
As is clear from the culture test results of comparative example 10, when broad-leaved tree wood chips piled up for 3 months were used as the culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, the hypha of Lyophyllum decastes took up normally without addition of humic acid, and the fullness rate in 30 days was 82%, the fullness rate in 35 days was 96%, and the full-bloom started in 40 days.
As is clear from the culture test results of comparative example 11, when conifer wood chips piled up for 6 months were used as a culture medium for Lyophyllum decastes, the hypha of Lyophyllum decastes took up normally without addition of humic acid, and the fullness rate was 80% in 30 days, 95% in 35 days, and the entire fullness began in 40 days.
In conclusion, when the compost of the Lyophyllum decastes is used with the wood chips of the broad-leaved trees and/or the wood chips of the coniferous trees which are not decomposed, the fungus growing speed of the Lyophyllum decastes is remarkably improved after the humic acid is added into the compost, and preferably, the addition amount of the humic acid is 3-20%; when the compost of the lyophyllum decastes uses the wood chips of the unripe broad-leaved trees and/or the wood chips of the unripe coniferous needle-leaved trees, the fungus growing speed of the lyophyllum decastes is very slow under the condition of not adding humic acid; when broad-leaved tree sawdust piled for 3 months or needle-leaved tree sawdust piled for 6 months is used in the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes, the fungus development performance of the lyophyllum decastes is normal. Therefore, when the non-decomposed broad-leaved tree sawdust and/or the non-decomposed needle-leaved tree sawdust are/is used in the culture material of the Lyophyllum decastes, the effect of stacking the sawdust can be achieved similarly after humic acid is added in the culture material.
Example 12 cultivation test data
The results of statistics of the Lyophyllum decastes cultivation test data of examples 1 to 10 are shown in Table 6.
Where average yield refers to the ratio of total weight harvested (g) to the number harvested (bottles).
And (3) cultivation period: total days after scratching until harvest.
TABLE 6 statistics of yield per unit and cultivation period
The results in table 6 show that:
according to the cultivation test results of the embodiments 1 to 4, after the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes is added with 3 to 20 percent of humic acid while adopting the wood chips of the unripe broad-leaved trees, the fruiting performance of the lyophyllum decastes is normal, the average yield per unit is 170 to 202 (g/bottle), and the cultivation period is 27 to 28 days; on the other hand, the cultivation test results of comparative examples 1 to 4 show that when the non-decomposed broad-leaved tree wood chips are used as the culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum decastes is difficult to produce without adding humic acid, and eventually, it is difficult to grow into mature fruit bodies. Therefore, when the unripe broad-leaved tree wood chips are used in the culture medium of the lyophyllum decastes, the lyophyllum decastes is difficult to grow into effective fruit bodies without adding humic acid, and when the unripe broad-leaved tree wood chips are simultaneously added with 3-20% of humic acid, the culture fruiting performance of the lyophyllum decastes is normal.
From the cultivation test results of the embodiments 6 to 9, it is known that when the compost of the lyophyllum decastes is added with 3 to 20 percent of humic acid while adopting the un-decomposed needle-leaved tree sawdust, the fruiting performance of the lyophyllum decastes is normal, the average yield per unit is 188 to 200 (g/bottle), and the cultivation period is 27 days; on the other hand, the cultivation test results of comparative examples 6 to 9 show that when unripe conifer wood chips are used as the culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum decastes is difficult to produce and eventually hard to grow into mature fruit bodies without adding humic acid. It is seen that, when the un-decomposed conifer wood chips are used in the culture medium of the lyophyllum decastes, the lyophyllum decastes is difficult to grow into mature fruit bodies without adding humic acid, and when the un-decomposed conifer wood chips are used and 3-20% of humic acid is added, the mushroom growth performance of the lyophyllum decastes is normal.
From the cultivation test results of example 5, it is known that when a mixture of un-decomposed broad-leaved tree wood chips and un-decomposed conifer wood chips is used in a culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, after 3-20% of humic acid is added, the Lyophyllum decastes fruiting performance is normal, the average yield per unit is 188-200 (g/bottle), and the cultivation period is 27 days; from the culture test results of comparative example 5, it was found that when a mixture of wood chips of an undegraded broadleaf tree and an undegraded conifer is used as a culture medium for Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum decastes is less apt to grow into a fruiting body without adding humic acid. Thus, when a mixture of unripe broad-leaved tree wood chips and unripe coniferous tree wood chips is used in a culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, it is difficult for Lyophyllum decastes to grow into mature fruit bodies without adding humic acid, and when 3-20% of humic acid is added, the fruiting performance of the Lyophyllum decastes in cultivation is normal.
As is clear from the results of the cultivation test in comparative example 10, when broad-leaved tree wood chips piled up for 3 months were used as a culture medium for Lyophyllum decastes, the fruiting performance of Lyophyllum decastes was normal without addition of humic acid, the average yield was 169 (g/bottle), and the cultivation period was 28 days.
As is clear from the results of the cultivation experiments in comparative example 11, when conifer wood chips piled up for 6 months were used as the culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes, the fruiting performance of Lyophyllum decastes was normal without addition of humic acid, the average yield per unit was 188 (g/bottle), and the cultivation period was 27 days.
As shown in FIG. 1, wherein H1 is Lyophyllum decastes fruiting body cultivated by the cultivation method of example 1, under the cultivation conditions provided in example 1, fruiting of Lyophyllum decastes fruiting body is normal; h2 shows that the fruiting bodies of Lyophyllum decastes cultivated by the cultivation method of example 6 are normal in fruiting performance under the cultivation conditions provided by example 6; h3 is Lyophyllum decastes fruiting body cultivated by the cultivation method of comparative example 1, under the cultivation conditions provided by comparative example 1, Lyophyllum decastes can not grow into mature fruiting body; h4 is Lyophyllum decastes fruiting body cultivated by the cultivation method of comparative example 6, and under the cultivation condition provided by comparative example 6, Lyophyllum decastes can not grow into mature fruiting body.
In conclusion, when the compost of the Lyophyllum decastes is used with the wood chips of the unripe broadleaf trees and/or the wood chips of the unripe coniferous trees, the yield per unit and the cultivation performance of the Lyophyllum decastes are normal after humic acid is added into the compost, and preferably, the addition amount of the humic acid is 3-20%; the un-decomposed broad-leaved tree wood dust and un-decomposed needle-leaved tree wood dust can not be directly used for the cultivation production of the lyophyllum decastes, are difficult to be absorbed and utilized by lyophyllum decastes hyphae, and further difficult to grow into mature fruit bodies, and when the broad-leaved tree wood dust piled for 3 months or the needle-leaved tree wood dust piled for 6 months is used in the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes, the fruiting performance of the lyophyllum decastes is normal. Therefore, when the non-decomposed broad-leaved tree sawdust and/or the non-decomposed needle-leaved tree sawdust are/is used in the culture material of the Lyophyllum decastes, the effect of stacking the sawdust can be achieved similarly after humic acid is added in the culture material.
The culture material of the lyophyllum decastes provided by the invention is not only limited to the cultivation of the lyophyllum decastes, but also can be applied to the cultivation and production of other edible fungi.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the time cost is saved, the problem that fresh broad-leaved tree sawdust needs to be cooked or piled for 3-6 months to be thoroughly decomposed is solved, and the fresh needle-leaved tree sawdust needs to be cooked or piled for 6-12 months to be used for mushroom cultivation, so that the consumed time is long;
2. waste of the sawdust is avoided, and the defect that the loss of the sawdust in the traditional stacking process is up to 30-40% due to the fact that a large amount of sawdust is lost in the stacking and cooking processes in the traditional method is avoided;
3. the economic cost is saved, and the problems that the one-time investment cost of a sawdust storage yard of an edible fungus factory is high, a large field is needed, a large amount of sawdust raw materials need more turnover capital for storage, a large amount of mechanical equipment, manpower, material resources and financial resources need to be invested in the turning process, and if a steaming mode is adopted, large-scale boiler equipment is needed, special personnel are needed, and the economic cost is high in the traditional method are solved;
4. the environment pollution is avoided, and the defects that a large amount of waste water and flying dust are generated in the wood chips during watering and turning processes and long-term exposure to the sun and rain, and serious environment pollution is caused if purification treatment is not carried out are avoided;
5. the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes provided by the invention is not only limited to the cultivation of the lyophyllum decastes, but also can be applied to the cultivation production of other edible fungi;
6. the culture material for the lyophyllum decastes is used for cultivating the lyophyllum decastes, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, saves cost, time and labor, and has a relatively high application prospect.
Claims (11)
1. A culture material for lyophyllum decastes is characterized in that: the wood chip preservative comprises a main material and humic acid, wherein the main material comprises unripe wood chips.
2. The culture medium for lyophyllum decastes according to claim 1, wherein: the main material also comprises corncobs.
3. The culture medium for lyophyllum decastes according to claim 1, wherein: the Lyophyllum decastes compost also comprises an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material at least comprises one of corn flour, bran, rice bran and soybean meal.
4. The culture medium for lyophyllum decastes according to claim 1, wherein: the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes comprises unripe sawdust, corncobs, bran, rice bran, bean pulp and humic acid.
5. The culture medium for Lyophyllum decastes according to claim 4, wherein: the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes also comprises a pH regulator.
6. The Lyophyllum decastes compost of claim 5, wherein the Lyophyllum decastes compost comprises the following components by mass percent:
7. the culture medium for Lyophyllum decastes according to claim 6, wherein: the pH regulator is one or more of calcium hydroxide, light calcium carbonate and shell powder.
8. The culture medium for lyophyllum decastes according to claim 1, wherein: the non-decomposed wood chips comprise one or more than one of non-decomposed broad leaf wood chips and non-decomposed conifer wood chips.
9. A preparation method of a Lyophyllum decastes compost as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) carrying out dry stirring on the components of the Lyophyllum decastes culture material to obtain a dry material, and adding water into the dry material to carry out wet stirring to obtain a wet material.
10. The method for preparing the culture material of the lyophyllum decastes according to claim 11, which is characterized in that: the dry stirring time is 5-20 min, the wet stirring time is 40-55 min, and the moisture content of the wet material is 55-70%.
11. The application of the lyophyllum decastes compost as claimed in any one of claims 1-8 in the cultivation and production of lyophyllum decastes.
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