CN114698506A - Cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom and application - Google Patents

Cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom and application Download PDF

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CN114698506A
CN114698506A CN202210313985.8A CN202210313985A CN114698506A CN 114698506 A CN114698506 A CN 114698506A CN 202210313985 A CN202210313985 A CN 202210313985A CN 114698506 A CN114698506 A CN 114698506A
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cultivation
mushroom
cultivation material
velvet antler
cultivating
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黄飚
刘跃进
皮静峰
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SHENYANG HENGSHENG BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
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SHENYANG HENGSHENG BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20Culture media, e.g. compost
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms

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Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom, belonging to the technical field of velvet antler mushroom cultivation, and comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-45% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 22-25% of corncob, 18-20% of bran, 9-11% of turf, 2-4% of corn flour, 1-1.5% of gypsum and 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate, and the water content is 64-66%; the cultivation process with the cultivation material comprises the following steps: bottling the cultivation material, perforating on the side wall of the bottle at equal intervals, autoclaving, cooling, inoculating, managing, and harvesting. The invention replaces sawdust with fungus chaff, improves the utilization rate of the fungus chaff, avoids waste of wood resources, changes the cultivation method of the velvet antler mushroom, shortens the fungus growing period, forms obvious after-ripening characteristics and improves the yield of a single bottle.

Description

Cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of velvet antler mushroom cultivation, in particular to a cultivation material for velvet antler mushroom cultivation and application thereof.
Background
Lyophyllum decastes (Lyophyllum decastes), also known as Neuromyces, Tricholoma subgrades, Tricholoma matsutake, etc., belongs to Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, Lyophyllum, which is one of the current industrial varieties, is shaped like broom or coral, and is like young antler, so the product name is 'pilose antler of mushroom'. The edible fungus has the advantages of rich and delicate meat quality, strong fragrance, delicious taste, rich protein and amino acid, and the effects of reducing blood fat, preventing radiation, resisting cancer and the like, is a rare edible fungus with rich nutrition, edible and medicinal effects, and has very wide market application prospect.
In 1973, the velvet antler mushroom has been reported to be successfully domesticated artificially, and the factory cultivation process is basically formed in 2007. Develops a formula which takes pine sawdust as a main material (65%) and takes rice bran, wheat bran and corn flour as auxiliary materials, adopts a 850cc fruiting bottle, and establishes an industrial process with the spawn running time of 52 days and the single bottle yield of 104 g. However, as forest resources are forbidden to be cut, the wood chips are deficient, and the industrial cultivation formula using the wood chips as the main material cannot meet the requirement of continuous production, so that a new alternative resource needs to be searched for as a cultivation raw material; moreover, when the velvet antler mushrooms are cultivated at present, the spawn running period is too long, the yield of a single bottle is too low, the characteristics of an after-ripening stage are not obvious, and problems can be found after the velvet antler mushrooms grow, so that huge economic losses can be caused.
Therefore, how to provide a cultivation material capable of replacing wood chips and apply the cultivation material to the preparation of the velvet antler mushroom, shorten the spawn running period and make the characteristics of the after-ripening stage obvious is a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention replaces sawdust with mushroom residue, improves the utilization rate of the mushroom residue, avoids waste of wood resources, changes the cultivation method of the velvet antler mushroom, improves the yield of a single bottle, has obvious after-ripening characteristics and shortens the spawn running period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-45% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 22-25% of corncob, 18-20% of bran, 9-11% of turf, 2-4% of corn flour, 1-1.5% of gypsum and 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate, and the water content is 64-66%.
The invention also discloses application of the cultivation material in cultivation of the velvet antler mushroom.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the cultivation material, which is the same as the technical proposal of the invention.
As a preferable technical solution of the above technical solution, the cultivation process of the cultivation material includes: bottling the cultivation material, perforating the periphery of the cultivation material at equal intervals, autoclaving, cooling, inoculating into the bottle, managing, and harvesting.
According to the technical scheme, the needle mushroom fungus chaff is the remaining fungus chaff in the needle mushroom cultivation process, is equivalent to a pre-degraded cultivation material and is rich in nutrient substances, the needle mushroom fungus chaff contains corncobs, rice bran, cottonseed hulls, beet pulp corn flour, shell powder and calcium carbonate, no wood dust is used, the waste of wood is reduced, the needle mushroom fungus chaff is obtained from a needle mushroom production plant, the needle mushroom fungus chaff is convenient to reuse, in addition, due to the advanced pre-degradation, when a 1100cc plastic bottle is adopted, the loading is 690 +/-10 g (generally 660 and 770g in the prior art), although the loading is reduced, after the needle mushroom grows out, the mushroom shape is tidy, the mushroom stem is hard, the length of the mushroom stem is 11-12.5 cm, the length is increased by 30-35%, the yield of a single bottle is 230-235 g, the yield is increased by 75-80%, therefore, the cultivation material improves the quality of hyphae and the fruiting yield under the condition of reducing the cost; the punching amount is 4 holes which are uniformly distributed, so that the multipoint germination of strains is facilitated, the breathing of hyphae in a culture medium is facilitated, and the phenomenon of burning the strains is reduced; the cultivation material is used, the production period of the velvet antler mushroom is shortened, the culture period of the strain is 46-50 days, and the culture period is shortened by 4-5 days; the obvious after-ripening marks are formed, brown or tan plaques are formed after the hyphae are subjected to after-ripening, and the existence and the quantity of the plaques can be used as an important characteristic of the after-ripening success of the hyphae.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth of bacteria on day 2 in the test group and the control group;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth of bacteria on day 5 in the test group and the control group;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the growth of bacteria at day 7 in the test group and the control group;
FIG. 4 is a 10-day germination chart of the test group and the control group;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the growth of bacteria on day 25 in the test group and the control group;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the growth of fungi at day 40 in the test group and the control group;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the growth of bacteria at day 50 in the test group and the control group;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the after-ripening characteristics of the test group and the control group formed on day 50, wherein the upper layer is the test group and the lower layer is the control group;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the growth of hyphae after the test group and the control group were planed before scratching;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the recovery of the test group and the control group;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a comparison of the after-ripening characteristics of strains cultured with different media;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the comparison of the after-ripening characteristics of strains cultured with different media.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a cultivation material for cultivating pilose antler, and pilose antler mushroom is cultivated by the cultivation material.
Example 1
A cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 25% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 10% of grass carbon, 3% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum and 1% of calcium carbonate; the water content of the cultivation material is 65%.
The preparation process comprises the following steps: weighing the required raw materials according to the raw material composition, firstly crushing the flammulina velutipes mushroom bran, putting the crushed flammulina velutipes mushroom bran and other raw materials into a stirrer together, and then adding water to enable the water content to be 65%.
Example 2
A cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
45% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 22% of corncobs, 18% of bran, 9% of grass peat, 4% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum and 1% of calcium carbonate, and the water content is 64%.
Example 3
A cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushrooms comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
43% of needle mushroom bran, 25% of corncob, 18% of bran, 9% of grass carbon, 2% of corn flour, 1.5% of gypsum and 1.5% of calcium carbonate, and the water content is 66%.
Example 4
A cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 25% of corncob, 19% of bran, 10% of grass carbon, 3.6% of corn flour, 1.2% of gypsum and 1.2% of calcium carbonate, and the water content is 66%
Example 5
The velvet antler mushroom is cultivated by using the embodiment 1 and the existing cultivation material, which are respectively marked as a test group and a control group, and the cultivation process comprises the following steps: bottling the cultivation material, perforating the side wall of the bottle at equal intervals, autoclaving, cooling, inoculating into the bottle, managing, and harvesting; the bottling is carried out by using 680-700g of 1100cc plastic bottled cultivation material; sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 65-70 min; the cooling is to 20 ℃; the inoculation amount of inoculation is 25-30 mL;
wherein the water content of the cultivation material of the test group is 65%; the cultivation material of the control group comprises 40% of corncobs, 20% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 3% of bean dregs, 3% of bean hulls, 1% of calcium carbonate and 65% of water.
The management comprises cultivation period management, fruiting period management and fruiting body growth period management, wherein the cultivation period management comprises the following steps: the temperature of the culture room is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 70-75%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is 3000ppm-3500 ppm; the temperature of the planting stage is 20-22 ℃, and the growing period and the post-maturation period are 23-25 ℃;
during the culture process, the spawn running conditions of the 2 nd day, the 5 th day, the 7 th day, the 10 th day, the 25 th day, the 40 th day and the 50 th day are recorded, and the results are shown in fig. 1 to 8; wherein P2 is a test group, P1 is a control group; on the 2 nd day of culture, the material surface starts to grow bacteria, and the number of P2 is obviously more than that of P1 material surface hypha; on the 5 th day of culture, the hypha covering surface of the opening of the P2 bottle is more, and the hypha covering surface of the opening of the P1 bottle is incomplete; on the 7 th day of culture, hyphae at the bottle mouths of P1 and P2 are obviously increased, the hyphae at the bottle mouth of P1 are covered, the hyphae are more, but obviously the hyphae at the bottle mouth of P2 are more and denser, and the bottle bodies of P1 and P2 start to grow fungi; on the 10 th day of culture, hyphae of the bottle mouths and bottle bodies of P1 and P2 are increased, the hyphae are thick and white, and water drops are on the P2 material surface; on the 25 th day of culture, hyphae at the edges of the openings of the bottles P1 and P2 turn yellow, large-area fungus growth occurs on the bottle body, the quantity of P2 hyphae is more than that of P1 hyphae, the hyphae are thick, and large-area fungus growth occurs on the bottle bottom, but the bottle bottom is still not full; on the 40 th day of culture, hyphae at the openings of P1 and P2 bottles are thick white, hyphae at the edges are aged slightly, hyphae at the P2 bottle bodies are full, the hyphae are thick and solid, the hyphae are thin and thick uniformly, hyphae at the P1 bottle bodies are not full, the hyphae are thin and thick non-uniformly, hyphae at the bottoms of the P1 and P2 bottles are full, and the hyphae at the bottoms of the P2 bottles are more and thicker than the hyphae at the bottoms of the P1 bottles; on the 50 th day of culture, hyphae at the openings of the bottles of P1 and P2 are thick and white, hyphae at the edges are aged, P2 is aged more seriously than P1, hyphae of bottles of P1 and P2 are full, hyphae of P1 are uneven in thickness, yellow mixed with white bacterial plaque is generated but is not obvious, hyphae of P2 are even in thickness, a large area of yellow mixed with white bacterial plaque is generated, and hyphae at the bottoms of bottles of P1 and P2 are full.
Before scratching, the mycelium is planed, and the conditions of P1 and P2 hyphae are shown in figure 9; the number of P1 and P2 hyphae is more, but the P2 hyphae are obviously finer and denser, and the culture material is also relatively softer
After fungus scratching, entering a breeding room for fruiting management; the management of the fruiting period comprises the following steps: scratching fungi by adopting a flat scratching mode, and adding a small amount of water to promote budding; the growth period management of the sporocarp comprises the following steps: the temperature of the fruiting chamber is 16-18 ℃, and the air humidity is 95-98%; the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 2500ppm, and the illumination intensity is 200 and 500 lx; the harvesting comprises the following steps: harvesting when the diameter of the mushroom cap is 1.5-2.0cm and the length of the mushroom stem is 8-12 cm; the harvesting conditions of P1 and P2 are shown in figure 10;
the yields of P1 and P2 mushrooms are shown in Table 1;
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003568266620000051
The cultivation material can enable the strain to have an obvious after-ripening mark, greatly increase the yield, increase the length of the mushroom stem and improve the fruiting quality.
Example 6
Four different compost groups were set:
(1) 45% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 22% of corncobs, 18% of bran, 9% of grass carbon, 4% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum and 1% of calcium carbonate, and the water content is 65%;
(2) 40% of corncobs, 20% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 3% of bean dregs, 3% of bean hulls, 1% of calcium carbonate and 65% of water content;
(3) 40% of corncobs, 40% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 3% of bean dregs, 3% of bean skin, 1% of calcium carbonate and 65% of water content;
(4) 20% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 40% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 3% of bean dregs, 3% of bean hulls, 1% of calcium carbonate and 65% of water content;
the four cultivation materials are respectively cultivated according to the cultivation method of the example 5, and the formed after-ripening characteristics are shown in figure 11;
example 7
Cultivation materials with different contents of needle mushroom fungus chaff are arranged and cultivated in the way of the embodiment 5, and after-ripening plaques are different in size, as shown in figure 12;
(1) 15% of needle mushroom bran, 40% of corncob, 25% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 3% of bean dregs, 3% of bean skin, 1% of calcium carbonate and 65% of water content
(2) 45% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 22% of corncobs, 18% of bran, 9% of grass carbon, 4% of corn flour, 1% of gypsum and 1% of calcium carbonate, and the water content is 65%.
(3) 25% of needle mushroom bran, 30% of corncob, 25% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 3% of bean dregs, 3% of bean skin, 1% of calcium carbonate and 65% of water content.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (4)

1. The cultivation material for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-45% of flammulina velutipes fungus chaff, 22-25% of corncob, 18-20% of bran, 9-11% of turf, 2-4% of corn flour, 1-1.5% of gypsum and 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate, wherein the water content is 64-66%.
2. The use of the cultivation material for cultivation of velvet mushroom according to claim 1 for cultivation of velvet mushroom.
3. A method for cultivating velvet antler mushroom, characterized in that, the cultivation is carried out with the cultivation material of claim 1.
4. The method for cultivating velvet antler mushroom according to claim 3, wherein the cultivation with the cultivation material comprises: bottling the cultivation material, perforating the periphery of the cultivation material at equal intervals, autoclaving, cooling, inoculating into the bottle, managing, and harvesting.
CN202210313985.8A 2022-03-28 2022-03-28 Cultivation material for cultivating velvet antler mushroom and application Pending CN114698506A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101574042A (en) * 2009-06-17 2009-11-11 上海浦东天厨菇业有限公司 Method for producing hypsizigus marmoreus in an industrializing way by applying liquid spawn
CN106973699A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-25 福建农林大学 A kind of method of asparagus mushroom bran cultivating straw mushroom
CN108990708A (en) * 2018-08-14 2018-12-14 十堰市农业科学院 It is given up the compost and preparation method of bacteria residue factory culture Pleurotus eryngii using mushroom
CN111296173A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-19 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 Industrialized cultivation medium for velvet antler mushroom and method for cultivating edible fungi

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101574042A (en) * 2009-06-17 2009-11-11 上海浦东天厨菇业有限公司 Method for producing hypsizigus marmoreus in an industrializing way by applying liquid spawn
CN106973699A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-25 福建农林大学 A kind of method of asparagus mushroom bran cultivating straw mushroom
CN108990708A (en) * 2018-08-14 2018-12-14 十堰市农业科学院 It is given up the compost and preparation method of bacteria residue factory culture Pleurotus eryngii using mushroom
CN111296173A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-19 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 Industrialized cultivation medium for velvet antler mushroom and method for cultivating edible fungi

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Application publication date: 20220705