CN111279974A

CN111279974A - Planting method of selenium-rich black fungus

Info

Publication number: CN111279974A
Application number: CN201811485179.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂威
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-12-06
Filing date: 2018-12-06
Publication date: 2020-06-16

Abstract

The planting method of the selenium-rich black fungus provided by the invention comprises the steps of inoculation, fungus bag culture, cutting and fungus emergence, fungus emergence management and harvesting. The technical route is simple and practical, easy to operate and wide in application range. The selenium-rich black fungus obtained by the method is detected by the detection center of agricultural product safety and environmental quality of Shenyang applied ecology research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, and has the calcium content of 0.80g/100g and the selenium content of 0.883 mg/kg. The invention realizes the planting of the selenium-rich black fungus and provides health-care food for consumers. Opens up a new way for farmers to become rich, has good economic benefit and has wide market at home and abroad.

Description

Planting method of selenium-rich black fungus

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting methods of black fungus, and relates to a planting method of selenium-rich black fungus.

Background

The black fungus is praised by nutriologists as 'meat in vegetable' and 'king in vegetable', and each 100g of black fungus contains 185 mg of iron, which is 20 times higher than spinach with the highest iron content in green vegetables and about 7 times higher than pork liver with the highest iron content in animal foods, and is the most iron content in various meat and vegetable foods. The black fungus is delicious and nutritious, contains rich protein, iron, calcium, vitamins and crude fiber, wherein the protein content is equivalent to that of meat, the iron content is 10 times higher than that of the meat, the calcium content is 20 times of that of the meat, the vitamin B2 is more than 10 times of that of vegetables, and the black fungus also contains various beneficial amino acids and trace elements and is called as 'meat in vegetable'. With the improvement of living standard of people, the selenium-rich black fungus with the health care function is in urgent need. However, a planting method of selenium-enriched black fungus and a selenium-enriched black fungus product do not exist at present. The selenium-rich black fungus is produced by introducing selenium into plants in the growth process of the black fungus through a biotransformation method, so that the selenium-rich black fungus with high organic selenium content is produced. Selenium is a trace element essential to the human body. Selenium participates in the synthesis of various selenium-containing enzymes and selenium-containing proteins in the human body. Wherein, the glutathione peroxidase catalyzes hydroperoxides or lipid peroxides to be converted into water or various alcohols in a living body, eliminates the attack of free radicals to the biological membrane and protects the biological membrane from oxidation damage; selenium is involved in the formation of iodothyronine deiodinase. Selenium can improve human immunity, promote proliferation of lymphocyte and synthesis of antibody and immunoglobulin. Selenium has obvious inhibiting and protecting effects on colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, and an intermediate metabolite methyl enol in a body has strong anticancer activity. Selenium and vitamin E, allicin, linoleic acid, germanium, zinc and other nutrients have synergistic antioxidant effect and increased antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, selenium has the effect of relieving and alleviating heavy metal toxicity. The important physiological function of selenium to human body is more and more paid attention to scientists of various countries, and the recommended intake of selenium nutrition is set by the countries according to the conditions of the countries. The us recommends daily intakes of selenium (RDI) of 70 and 55 micrograms/day for adults and women, respectively, and 75 and 60 micrograms/day in the uk. The intake of adults recommended by the Chinese academy of nutrition is 50-200 micrograms per day. The method for planting the selenium-rich black fungus with the health care function and the selenium-rich black fungus product are urgently needed in the industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a planting method of selenium-rich black fungus, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art. Firstly, the formula and inoculation of a culture material of selenium-enriched black fungus: 1.1 the formula of the culture material of the black fungus rich in selenium is as follows: 70-80% of sawdust, 4-8% of wheat bran, 4-8% of bean pulp powder, 1-2% of gypsum, 0.5-1% of lime, 5-8% of rice bran and 5-7% of selenium powder. The preferred formulation is as follows: 76% of sawdust, 4% of wheat bran, 5% of bean pulp powder, 1% of gypsum, 0.5% of lime, 7.8% of rice bran and 5.7% of selenium powder; the sawdust is hard and miscellaneous broadleaf tree sawdust, and the processed sawdust is required to be stacked in an open clean place for half a year; the diameter is about 0.5-1.5 cm, and harmful substances are prevented from being mixed or contacted; no mildew and other peculiar smell; the wheat bran is processed by an enterprise which passes QS certification in the current year, is fresh, does not have a fine greasy feeling when being touched by hands, does not mildew or rot, does not cake and is not mixed with foreign matters; the gypsum is weakly acidic gypsum powder which can be eaten as bean curd; the soybean meal powder is fresh and dry soybean meal powder; the selenium powder is sodium selenite; 1.2, selecting black fungus strains which have no aging characteristic, proper fungus age and vigorous hypha growth vigor; preferably selecting black 29 in white mountain region or black mountain black fungus strain; 1.3 plastic bag, which is a high-density low-pressure polyethylene bag with the thickness of 17cm multiplied by 33cm and the thickness of 4.5 mu, is semitransparent, has uniform thickness and resists the high temperature of 115-121 ℃; 1.4, stirring materials, namely uniformly scattering wheat bran, soybean meal powder, gypsum, rice bran and selenium powder on wood chips according to the formula of a culture material, uniformly stirring, then sprinkling water on the material surface, and uniformly stirring, wherein the water content of the culture material is preferably 55-60%; 1.5 bagging, namely filling the uniformly mixed and stirred mixture into a plastic bag, wherein the filled material bag is flat and solid, has the material height of 22cm and a hole with the diameter of 2cm and the depth of 20cm in the center, plugging the opening of the material bag into the hole, and then inserting a plastic drill rod, wherein the length of the plastic drill rod is 20cm, and the diameter of the upper head is 2.5cm to seal the opening of the bag; 1.6, sterilizing at normal pressure, keeping the temperature in a sterilizing device at 100 ℃ for 10-15 hours, automatically cooling for 8-10 hours, discharging when the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, and directly carrying the material bag into a sterile room for cooling when discharging; or, adopting high-pressure sterilization, opening the air valve when the pressure in the sterilization device is increased to 0.5Mpa, continuously discharging cold air until the pressure is zero, closing the air valve for boosting and sterilizing, keeping the pressure for 2 hours when the pressure is increased to 1.5Mpa, automatically reducing the pressure, discharging when the pressure is reduced to zero, directly moving the material bag into a sterile room when discharging, transversely placing the material bag, keeping the temperature of the sterile room at 25-30 ℃, and sterilizing the sterile room in advance to keep clean; 1.7, inoculating, wherein an inoculation box and an inoculation chamber are disinfected by an ultraviolet lamp before inoculation; when the interior of the fungus bag is cooled to below 30 ℃, inoculation is carried out in an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber; the inoculation method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing a plastic drill rod in a plastic bag for charging, inoculating a strain prepared in advance into a hole of the material bag, sealing an inoculation port by using cotton, completing inoculation of one bag, inoculating one variety each time, and timely marking and recording inoculation information; secondly, culturing fungus bags: 2.1 the fungus bags are free of light-cultured bacteria 10 days before culture, the temperature is 27-29 ℃, the inoculated material bags are used as the fungus bags, the fungus bags can be used for carrying out free of light-cultured bacteria by using a plastic greenhouse or a culture room, doors and windows are shaded by black cloth, the fungus bags are transversely placed on a culture frame, the indoor humidity is controlled to be 45-55%, and the indoor humidity is adjusted by spraying water on the ground; checking the strain revival condition in time, finding the contaminated fungus bag, finding the reason immediately and processing in time, and if the contaminated fungus bag is found to be the streptococcus fast spreading, burning the contaminated fungus bag together with the streptococcus as soon as possible; if the fungi are common fungi, the fungi bags can be taken to a mixing yard to recycle the culture materials in the bags, mixed with new materials and bagged again; 2.2 culturing the fungus bags for 11-24 days, wherein hyphae enter a growth vigorous period, the temperature between the fungus bags on the culture shelf is checked every day, the temperature cannot exceed 24 ℃, no fungus is cultured, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the indoor humidity is adjusted by spraying water on the ground, and finally, the fungus bag culture reaches physiological maturity; thirdly, cutting a notch to form a lug: 3.1, treating a field before cutting, wherein the field of cutting requires a room on a cement ground, the moisture content is 25-35 ℃, and water is poured into the field of cutting twice 1 day before cutting so as to facilitate the growth recovery of hyphae after cutting; 3.2, a cutting method: cutting openings in the shape of vertical line sections on the outer surface of the fungus bag from top to bottom along the vertical direction by using a cutting knife, wherein the length of the openings in the shape of the vertical line sections is 1-1.5 cm, the depth of the openings is 3mm, the row spacing is 3-4 cm, the edge spacing of the upper opening and the lower opening is 2-3 cm, mycelia on two sides of the vertical line sections are not damaged as much as possible during cutting, and 35-40 openings in the shape of the vertical line sections on the outer surface of each bag are formed; 3.3, punching: punching with a puncher or a puncher, cutting openings between the vertical line segments with a V-shaped knife, wherein the openings are 1cm long and 3mm deep, 60-80 cutting openings are uniformly distributed on each bag, and the holes are distributed on the outer surface of the fungus bag in a shape of Chinese character pin; 3.4, culturing and accelerating germination, namely transversely arranging the perforated fungus bags on a fungus bed at the interval of 2cm to facilitate ventilation and lighting, arranging the fungus bags along with covering a mulching film and a straw curtain for heat preservation and moisture preservation, wherein the first 4 days after the fungus bags cut the opening are a stage for recovering the growth of the mycelium, during the period, the cut cannot be air-dried and dehydrated and cannot be watered on the cut, the temperature of the fungus bed is controlled to be 18-24 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 75-85%, when the mycelium recovers to grow, white mycelium grows at the cut, the fungus bags and the mycelium are tightly bonded into a whole, and accelerating germination is finished; fourthly, ear emergence management: 4.1 ear bud formation and ear bud growth period management: the fungus bags after germination acceleration are vertically placed in a greenhouse or an open-air eardrop, the bag distance is 15-20 cm, the temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55% -75% in the ear bud formation and ear bud growth period, the water spraying method in the period requires less frequent spraying, all parts of each fungus bag are uniformly sprayed with mist water, and the cut part forms the ear bud in 3-5 days; if the humidity is too high, the spreading is too fast, the shape is not good, and the invasion of mixed bacteria is easy to cause ear rot; 4.2 management of fruiting bodies in growth period: then, the fruiting body in the growth period enters the vigorous period, the requirements on the relative humidity and oxygen of air are increased, the water spraying amount is gradually increased, and the relative humidity is 55% -75%; 4.3 management of maturation period: the ear root contracts, the ear piece is basically full-spread, the smooth surface is white, the water spraying is stopped at the moment, the water ear is prevented from being excessively formed by water spraying, the water ear is extremely easy to rot and flow when meeting high temperature, the yield and the quality of the product are influenced, and the processing is not easy. Fifthly, harvesting 5.1 days from the appearance of ear buds to harvesting, stopping spraying water for 2-3 days when the ear pieces on the fungus bags are unfolded, the edges start to roll inwards and white spore powder is generated on the ventral surfaces of a few ear pieces, harvesting in time when the ear pieces are naturally air-dried on the fungus bags, harvesting the ear pieces with large sizes and small sizes, and drying the harvested ear pieces in the sun. Has the advantages that: the planting method of the selenium-rich black fungus provided by the invention comprises the steps of inoculation, fungus bag culture, cutting and fungus emergence, fungus emergence management and harvesting. The technical route is simple and practical, easy to operate and wide in application range.

The selenium-rich black fungus obtained by the method is detected by the detection center of agricultural product safety and environmental quality of Shenyang applied ecology research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, and has the calcium content of 0.80g/100g and the selenium content of 0.883 mg/kg. The invention realizes the planting of the selenium-rich black fungus and provides health-care food for consumers. Opens up a new way for farmers to become rich, has good economic benefit and has wide market at home and abroad.

Detailed Description

Embodiment 1 discloses a planting method of selenium-rich black fungus. Firstly, the formula and inoculation of a culture material of selenium-enriched black fungus: 1.1 the formula of the culture material of the black fungus rich in selenium is as follows: 76% of sawdust, 4% of wheat bran, 5% of bean pulp powder, 1% of gypsum, 0.5% of lime, 7.8% of rice bran and 5.7% of selenium powder; the sawdust is hard and miscellaneous broadleaf tree sawdust, and the processed sawdust is required to be stacked in an open clean place for half a year; the diameter is about 0.5-1.5 cm, and harmful substances are prevented from being mixed or contacted; no mildew and other peculiar smell; the wheat bran is processed by an enterprise which passes QS certification in the current year, is fresh, does not have a fine greasy feeling when being touched by hands, does not mildew or rot, does not cake and is not mixed with foreign matters; the gypsum is weakly acidic gypsum powder which can be eaten as bean curd; the soybean meal powder is fresh and dry soybean meal powder; the selenium powder is sodium selenite; 1.2, selecting black fungus strains which have no aging characteristic, proper fungus age and vigorous hypha growth vigor; preferably selecting black 29 in white mountain region or black mountain black fungus strain; 1.3 plastic bag, which is a high-density low-pressure polyethylene bag with the thickness of 17cm multiplied by 33cm and the thickness of 4.5 mu, is semitransparent, has uniform thickness and resists the high temperature of 115-121 ℃; 1.4, stirring materials, namely uniformly scattering wheat bran, soybean meal powder, gypsum, rice bran and selenium powder on wood chips according to the formula of a culture material, uniformly stirring, then sprinkling water on the material surface, and uniformly stirring, wherein the water content of the culture material is preferably 55-60%; 1.5 bagging, namely filling the uniformly mixed and stirred mixture into a plastic bag, wherein the filled material bag is flat and solid, has the material height of 22cm and a hole with the diameter of 2cm and the depth of 20cm in the center, plugging the opening of the material bag into the hole, and then inserting a plastic drill rod, wherein the length of the plastic drill rod is 20cm, and the diameter of the upper head is 2.5cm to seal the opening of the bag; 1.6, sterilizing at normal pressure, keeping the temperature in a sterilizing device at 100 ℃ for 10-15 hours, automatically cooling for 8-10 hours, discharging when the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, and directly carrying the material bag into a sterile room for cooling when discharging; or, adopting high-pressure sterilization, opening the air valve when the pressure in the sterilization device is increased to 0.5Mpa, continuously discharging cold air until the pressure is zero, closing the air valve for boosting and sterilizing, keeping the pressure for 2 hours when the pressure is increased to 1.5Mpa, automatically reducing the pressure, discharging when the pressure is reduced to zero, directly moving the material bag into a sterile room when discharging, transversely placing the material bag, keeping the temperature of the sterile room at 25-30 ℃, and sterilizing the sterile room in advance to keep clean; 1.7, inoculating, wherein an inoculation box and an inoculation chamber are disinfected by an ultraviolet lamp before inoculation; when the interior of the fungus bag is cooled to below 30 ℃, inoculation is carried out in an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber; the inoculation method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing a plastic drill rod in a plastic bag for charging, inoculating a strain prepared in advance into a hole of the material bag, sealing an inoculation port by using cotton, completing inoculation of one bag, inoculating one variety each time, and timely marking and recording inoculation information; secondly, culturing fungus bags: 2.1 the fungus bags are free of light-cultured bacteria 10 days before culture, the temperature is 27-29 ℃, the inoculated material bags are used as the fungus bags, the fungus bags can be used for carrying out free of light-cultured bacteria by using a plastic greenhouse or a culture room, doors and windows are shaded by black cloth, the fungus bags are transversely placed on a culture frame, the indoor humidity is controlled to be 45-55%, and the indoor humidity is adjusted by spraying water on the ground; checking the strain revival condition in time, finding the contaminated fungus bag, finding the reason immediately and processing in time, and if the contaminated fungus bag is found to be the streptococcus fast spreading, burning the contaminated fungus bag together with the streptococcus as soon as possible; if the fungi are common fungi, the fungi bags can be taken to a mixing yard to recycle the culture materials in the bags, mixed with new materials and bagged again; 2.2 culturing the fungus bags for 11-24 days, wherein hyphae enter a growth vigorous period, the temperature between the fungus bags on the culture shelf is checked every day, the temperature cannot exceed 24 ℃, no fungus is cultured, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the indoor humidity is adjusted by spraying water on the ground, and finally, the fungus bag culture reaches physiological maturity; thirdly, cutting a notch to form a lug: 3.1, treating a field before cutting, wherein the field of cutting requires a room on a cement ground, the moisture content is 25-35 ℃, and water is poured into the field of cutting twice 1 day before cutting so as to facilitate the growth recovery of hyphae after cutting; 3.2, a cutting method: cutting openings in the shape of vertical line sections on the outer surface of the fungus bag from top to bottom along the vertical direction by using a cutting knife, wherein the length of the openings in the shape of the vertical line sections is 1-1.5 cm, the depth of the openings is 3mm, the row spacing is 3-4 cm, the edge spacing of the upper opening and the lower opening is 2-3 cm, mycelia on two sides of the vertical line sections are not damaged as much as possible during cutting, and 35-40 openings in the shape of the vertical line sections on the outer surface of each bag are formed; 3.3, punching: punching with a puncher or a puncher, cutting openings between the vertical line segments with a V-shaped knife, wherein the openings are 1cm long and 3mm deep, 60-80 cutting openings are uniformly distributed on each bag, and the holes are distributed on the outer surface of the fungus bag in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'; 3.4, culturing and accelerating germination, namely transversely arranging the perforated fungus bags on a fungus bed at the interval of 2cm to facilitate ventilation and lighting, arranging the fungus bags along with covering a mulching film and a straw curtain for heat preservation and moisture preservation, wherein the first 4 days after the fungus bags cut the opening are a stage for recovering the growth of the mycelium, during the period, the cut cannot be air-dried and dehydrated and cannot be watered on the cut, the temperature of the fungus bed is controlled to be 18-24 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 75-85%, when the mycelium recovers to grow, white mycelium grows at the cut, the fungus bags and the mycelium are tightly bonded into a whole, and accelerating germination is finished; fourthly, ear emergence management: 4.1 ear bud formation and ear bud growth period management: the fungus bags after germination acceleration are vertically placed in a greenhouse or an open-air eardrop, the bag distance is 15-20 cm, the temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55% -75% in the ear bud formation and ear bud growth period, the water spraying method in the period requires less frequent spraying, all parts of each fungus bag are uniformly sprayed with mist water, and the cut part forms the ear bud in 3-5 days; if the humidity is too high, the spreading is too fast, the shape is not good, and the invasion of mixed bacteria is easy to cause ear rot; 4.2 management of fruiting bodies in growth period: then, the fruiting body in the growth period enters the vigorous period, the requirements on the relative humidity and oxygen of air are increased, the water spraying amount is gradually increased, and the relative humidity is 55% -75%; 4.3 management of maturation period: the ear root contracts, the ear piece is basically full-spread, the smooth surface is white, the water spraying is stopped at the moment, the water ear is prevented from being excessively formed by water spraying, the water ear is extremely easy to rot and flow when meeting high temperature, the yield and the quality of the product are influenced, and the processing is not easy. Fifthly, harvesting 5.1 days from the appearance of ear buds to harvesting, stopping spraying water for 2-3 days when the ear pieces on the fungus bags are unfolded, the edges start to roll inwards and white spore powder is generated on the ventral surfaces of a few ear pieces, harvesting in time when the ear pieces are naturally air-dried on the fungus bags, harvesting the ear pieces with large sizes and small sizes, and drying the harvested ear pieces in the sun. The obtained black fungus rich in selenium is detected by the detection center of agricultural product safety and environmental quality of Shenyang application ecology research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, and has calcium content of 0.80g/100g and selenium content of 0.883 mg/kg.

Embodiment 2 a planting method of selenium-rich black fungus, the formula of the culture material of the selenium-rich black fungus is as follows: 74% of wood dust, 5% of wheat bran, 4% of bean pulp powder, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 8% of rice bran and 7% of selenium powder; the rest is the same as in example 1.

Embodiment 3 a method for planting selenium-rich black fungus, the formula of the culture material of the selenium-rich black fungus is as follows: 70% of wood dust, 8% of wheat bran, 8% of bean pulp powder, 2% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 6% of rice bran and 5% of selenium powder; the rest is the same as in example 1.

Claims

1. A planting method of selenium-enriched black fungus is characterized by comprising the following steps and conditions: the formula of the culture material for the selenium-rich black fungus and the formula of the culture material for inoculating the selenium-rich black fungus are as follows: 70-80% of sawdust, 4-8% of wheat bran, 4-8% of bean pulp powder, 1-2% of gypsum, 0.5-1% of lime, 5-8% of rice bran and 5-7% of selenium powder; the sawdust is hard and miscellaneous broadleaf tree sawdust, and the processed sawdust is required to be stacked in an open clean place for half a year; the diameter is 0.5-1.5 cm, and harmful substances are prevented from being mixed or contacted, and the product is free from mildew and other peculiar smells; the wheat bran is fresh wheat bran processed in the current year, and is not mildewed, rotted, caked or mixed with foreign matters; the gypsum is gypsum powder which can be eaten as bean curd; the soybean meal powder is fresh and dry soybean meal powder; the selenium powder is sodium selenite; 1.2, selecting black fungus strains which have no aging characteristic, proper fungus age and vigorous hypha growth vigor; preferably selecting black 29 in white mountain region or black mountain black fungus strain; a plastic bag, which is a high-density low-pressure polyethylene bag with the thickness of 17cm multiplied by 33cm and the thickness of 4.5 mu, is semitransparent, has uniform thickness and resists the high temperature of 115-121 ℃; mixing materials, namely uniformly scattering wheat bran, soybean meal powder, gypsum, rice bran and selenium powder on wood chips according to the formula of the culture materials, mixing, then sprinkling water on the material surface, and uniformly mixing, wherein the water content of the culture materials is preferably 55-60%; bagging, namely filling the uniformly mixed materials into a plastic bag, wherein the filled material bag is flat and solid, has the material height of 22cm and a hole with the diameter of 2cm and the depth of 20cm in the center, plugging the mouth of the material bag into the hole, and then inserting a plastic drill rod, the length of which is 20cm, and the diameter of the upper head of which is 2.5cm to seal the mouth of the material bag; sterilizing at normal pressure, keeping the temperature in a sterilizing device at 100 ℃ for 10-15 hours, automatically cooling for 8-10 hours, discharging when the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, and directly carrying the material bag into a sterile room for cooling when discharging; or, adopting high-pressure sterilization, opening the air valve when the pressure in the sterilization device is increased to 0.5Mpa, continuously discharging cold air until the pressure is zero, closing the air valve for boosting and sterilizing, keeping the pressure for 2 hours when the pressure is increased to 1.5Mpa, automatically reducing the pressure, discharging when the pressure is reduced to zero, directly moving the material bag into a sterile room when discharging, transversely placing the material bag, keeping the temperature of the sterile room at 25-30 ℃, and sterilizing the sterile room in advance to keep clean; inoculating, wherein an inoculation box and an inoculation chamber are disinfected by an ultraviolet lamp before inoculation; when the interior of the fungus bag is cooled to below 30 ℃, inoculation is carried out in an inoculation box or an inoculation chamber; the inoculation method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing a plastic drill rod in a plastic bag for charging, inoculating a strain prepared in advance into a hole of the material bag, sealing an inoculation port by using cotton, completing inoculation of one bag, inoculating one variety each time, and timely marking and recording inoculation information; secondly, culturing fungus bags: 2.1 the fungus bags are free of light-cultured bacteria 10 days before culture, the temperature is 27-29 ℃, the inoculated material bags are used as the fungus bags, the fungus bags can be used for carrying out free of light-cultured bacteria by using a plastic greenhouse or a culture room, doors and windows are shaded by black cloth, the fungus bags are transversely placed on a culture frame, the indoor humidity is controlled to be 45-55%, and the indoor humidity is adjusted by spraying water on the ground; checking the strain revival condition in time, finding the contaminated fungus bag, finding the reason immediately and processing in time, and if the contaminated fungus bag is found to be the streptococcus fast spreading, burning the contaminated fungus bag together with the streptococcus as soon as possible; if the fungi are common fungi, the fungi bags can be taken to a mixing yard to recycle the culture materials in the bags, mixed with new materials and bagged again; 2.2 culturing the fungus bags for 11-24 days, wherein hyphae enter a growth vigorous period, the temperature between the fungus bags on the culture shelf is checked every day, the temperature cannot exceed 24 ℃, no fungus is cultured, the relative humidity is controlled to be 45-60%, the indoor humidity is adjusted by spraying water on the ground, and finally, the fungus bag culture reaches physiological maturity; thirdly, treating the field before the cut opening is exposed, wherein the field requires a room on a cement ground, the relative humidity is 25-35%, and watering is carried out to the field 1 day before the cut opening; the cutting method comprises the following steps: cutting openings in the shape of vertical line sections on the outer surface of the fungus bag from top to bottom along the vertical direction by using a cutting knife, wherein the length of the openings in the shape of the vertical line sections is 1-1.5 cm, the depth of the openings is 3mm, the row spacing is 3-4 cm, the edge spacing of the upper opening and the lower opening is 2-3 cm, mycelia on two sides of the vertical line sections are not damaged as much as possible during cutting, and 35-40 openings in the shape of the vertical line sections on the outer surface of each bag are formed; punching: punching with a puncher or a puncher, cutting openings between the vertical line segments with a V-shaped knife, wherein the openings are 1cm long and 3mm deep, 60-80 cutting openings are uniformly distributed on each bag, and the holes are distributed on the outer surface of the fungus bag in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'; culturing and accelerating germination, namely transversely arranging the perforated fungus bags on a fungus bed, wherein the distance between the fungus bags is 2cm, so as to facilitate ventilation and lighting, arranging the fungus bags along with covering a mulching film and a straw mat for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the first 4 days after the fungus bags cut the opening, namely, the growth recovery stage of the mycelium is adopted, during the period, the cut opening can not be air-dried and dehydrated and can not be watered on the cut opening, the temperature of the fungus bed is controlled to be 18-24 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 75-85%, when the mycelium recovers to grow, white mycelium grows on the cut opening, the fungus bags and the mycelium are tightly bonded into a whole, and accelerating germination is finished; fourthly, managing the formation of earbuds and the growth period management of the earbuds: the fungus bags after germination acceleration are vertically placed in a greenhouse or an open-air eardrop, the bag distance is 15-20 cm, the temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-75% in the ear bud formation and ear bud growth period, the water spraying method in the period requires less frequent spraying, each part of each fungus bag needs to be uniformly sprayed with mist water, and the cut part forms the ear bud in 3-5 days; and (3) fruiting body management in a growth period: then, the fruiting body in the growth period enters the vigorous period, the relative humidity is 55% -75%, and the growth period is 10-15 days; management of the mature period: the ear root shrinks, the ear is basically fully unfolded, the smooth surface is white, and the water spraying is stopped at the moment; fifthly, collecting for 20-25 days from the ear bud appearance to the collection, stopping spraying water for 2-3 days when the ear pieces on the fungus bag are unfolded, the edge begins to roll inwards and a few ear pieces generate white spore powder on the ventral surface, collecting in time when the ear pieces are naturally air-dried on the fungus bag, and drying the collected ear pieces in the sun.

2. The planting method of selenium-rich black fungus according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the culture material of the selenium-rich black fungus is as follows: 76% of sawdust, 4% of wheat bran, 5% of bean pulp powder, 1% of gypsum, 0.5% of lime, 7.8% of rice bran and 5.7% of selenium powder.

3. The planting method of selenium-rich black fungus according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the culture material of the selenium-rich black fungus is as follows: 74% of wood dust, 5% of wheat bran, 4% of bean pulp powder, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 8% of rice bran and 7% of selenium powder.

4. The planting method of selenium-rich black fungus according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the culture material of the selenium-rich black fungus is as follows: 70% of wood dust, 8% of wheat bran, 8% of bean pulp powder, 2% of gypsum, 1% of lime, 6% of rice bran and 5% of selenium powder.