CN113412761B

CN113412761B - Industrial poria cocos culture medium and poria cocos culture method

Info

Publication number: CN113412761B
Application number: CN202110698857.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张金萍
Original assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2021-06-23
Filing date: 2021-06-23
Publication date: 2022-07-05
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-23
Also published as: CN113412761A

Abstract

The invention discloses an industrial poria cocos cultivation medium and a poria cocos cultivation method, and the poria cocos cultivation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing the following materials in parts by mass: 65-100% of forest waste, 0-30% of organic nitrogen source, 0-2% of cane sugar, 0-2% of gypsum, 0-0.5% of magnesium sulfate, 0-2% of calcium superphosphate and 0-0.4% of terpene substances; mixing and stirring the materials uniformly, and adjusting the water content to 60%; secondly, bagging and sterilizing; and thirdly, when the temperature of the fungus bag is reduced to room temperature, inoculating liquid tuckahoe strains, culturing at 25-30 ℃, and when hyphae overgrow the fungus bag, burying the fungus bag in sandy soil with the ventilation porosity of 10-15% to combine tuckahoe or combine tuckahoe in a culture room. The poria cocos yield is more than 95%, the poria cocos is harvested in 6-7 months, and the biological conversion rate of the poria cocos is more than 50%. The pachyman content is more than 70%, and the total triterpene content is more than 0.72%.

Description

Industrial poria cocos culture medium and poria cocos culture method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible and medicinal fungi cultivation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and cultivation technology of a substrate for industrially cultivating poria cocos.

Background

Poria (Poria cos (Schw) Wolf) also called Poria, Poria cocos, and Pinus food belongs to facultative parasitic bacteria of Polyporaceae family of Polyporaceae genus Polyporus, and is aerobic and dry saprophytic fungus parasitizing at pine root. Poria cocos is a fungus used as both food and medicine, and with the improvement of living standard of people, Poria cocos has been developed from single medicine and enters the fields of food, health care, beauty treatment and the like. The market demand is increasing year by year, and the state of supply and demand is in short-term. The artificial cultivation of tuckahoe is mainly the cultivation of pine tree segment wood, however, under the strict national 'cutting banning from natural forest', the tuckahoe industry faces many problems and challenges. Meanwhile, pine diseases and pests are increasing due to the spreading of the pine wood nematode diseases. No good solution exists for diseased wood, and harvested wood must be ground (chipped) or burned in the mountain. The burning mode is adopted to treat the epidemic trees to easily cause fire, the epidemic trees in the epidemic areas can be subjected to bag cultivation to cultivate the poria cocos in the local areas after being crushed (sliced), the shortage of poria cultivation raw materials is solved, and the waste epidemic trees can be utilized in a high-value mode.

Poria is a typical wood-rotting facultative parasitic fungus, and its hypha can both attack the roots of living trees and absorb the nutrition of dead trees for survival. Often parasitize at the root of Pinaceae plants, depend on its hypha to spread and grow in the root and trunk of the tree, decompose and absorb pine nutrients and water as nutrient source. The research shows that: pine trees contain about 0.4% of terpene compounds, which can inhibit the growth of most edible and medicinal fungi hyphae, and the tuckahoe parasitized on the pine trees grows and develops by absorbing nutrition of the pine roots, which is related to the content of terpene substances contained in the pine trees. Experiments show that the addition of terpene substances into the miscellaneous wood chips leads to good growth of tuckahoe hyphae, and the content of active ingredients of tuckahoe is higher than that of the conventional cut-log, thus expanding the tuckahoe cultivation raw materials and improving the quality and the nutrient content of tuckahoe.

At present, tuckahoe is cultivated in cellar in 4-5 months and harvested in 11 months, and the yield and quality of tuckahoe cannot be guaranteed due to the influence of seasons and weather. The invention adopts the industrial cultivation of forest waste bag materials, and can realize the cultivation of high-quality and high-yield poria cocos in four seasons.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an industrial poria cocos culture medium and a poria cocos culture method from the perspective of industrial poria cocos culture. The poria cocos outlet mode of the technical scheme is that the poria cocos is buried in sandy soil or is taken out in a culture room. The technical scheme can change the traditional poria cocos cultivation mode that only pine wood segments can be adopted, only one season can be cultivated in one year and the influence of weather is influenced, provides a new idea for expanding poria cocos cultivation raw materials and the four season cultivation mode, and provides technical support for poria cocos substrate cultivation and good development of poria cocos industrialization.

The invention aims to provide an industrial poria cocos culture medium and a poria cocos culture method. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an industrial poria cocos culture medium comprises the following materials in parts by mass:

65-100% of forest waste, 0-30% of organic nitrogen source, 0-2% of cane sugar, 0-2% of gypsum, 0-0.5% of magnesium sulfate, 0-2% of calcium superphosphate and 0-0.4% of terpene substances.

Preferably, the water content of the culture medium is 60%.

An industrial Poria cultivation method comprises mixing forest waste 65-100%, organic nitrogen source 0-30%, sucrose 0-2%, Gypsum Fibrosum 0-2%, magnesium sulfate 0-0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0-2%, and terpene substances 0-0.4%. Mixing, stirring, adjusting water content to 60%, bagging, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature, inoculating Poria liquid strain, culturing at 25-30 deg.C, and packing in sandy soil with 10-15% of air porosity or in culture room. The poria cocos yield is more than 95%, the poria cocos is harvested in 6-7 months, and the biological conversion rate of the poria cocos is more than 50%. The pachyman content is more than 70%, and the total triterpene content is more than 0.72%.

Preferably, the forest waste comprises waste generated in the processes of thinning forest, trimming, felling diseased and dead trees, felling dead trees and processing wood such as needle-leaved trees, broad-leaved trees, miscellaneous trees, economic forest and the like, wood blocks, wood sections, wood chips, branches and the like.

Preferably, the organic nitrogen source includes rice bran, corn kernel, wheat, etc.

Preferably, the terpene-based substance is a methanol extract of pine.

Preferably, the culture chamber comprises the following steps: opening a hole at the bag mouth or the side wall of the bag full of hypha, inoculating poria cocos sclerotium, and putting the fungus bag into a culture room with air content of 10-15%, temperature of 25-30 ℃, humidity of 65-75% and dark light to form poria cocos.

The invention adds terpene substance content extracted from pine wood into non-pine wood base material until the content of terpene substance in the wood chip is less than or equal to 0.4%, which satisfies the need of tuckahoe growth for terpene substance, not only makes tuckahoe normally grow, but also increases the substance needed by tuckahoe growth.

The method changes the poria cocos cultivation mode that only pine wood segments can be adopted in the traditional technology, only one season can be cultivated in one year and the influence of weather is influenced, provides a new idea for expanding poria cocos cultivation raw materials and the four season cultivation mode, and provides technical support for poria cocos substrate cultivation and good development of poria cocos industrialization.

Detailed Description

The following specific examples are further illustrative of the methods and techniques provided by the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.

Example 1

An industrial Poria cultivation medium and Poria cultivation method comprises the following steps: 82% of pine chips, 15% of corn kernels, 1% of sucrose, 1% of gypsum and 1% of calcium superphosphate are added with water to adjust the water content to 60%, the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred, bagged, sterilized at 120 ℃ for 3.5h, inoculated with liquid strains when the temperature is reduced to room temperature, cultured at 25-30 ℃, and buried in sandy soil with the ventilation porosity of 10-15% when hypha overgrows with the strains, the poria ratio of the embodiment reaches 99%, and the poria bioconversion ratio reaches 55% when the pine chips are harvested for 7 months. The pachyman content is up to 72%, and the total triterpene content is up to 0.75%.

Example 2

An industrial Poria cultivation medium and Poria cultivation method comprises the following steps: 40% of pine log, 40% of pine wood chips, 15% of wheat grains, 1% of cane sugar, 2% of gypsum, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 1.5% of calcium superphosphate are added with water to adjust the water content to 60%, the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred, packaged, sterilized at 120 ℃ for 3.5h, when the temperature is reduced to room temperature, a poria cocos liquid strain is inoculated, the poria cocos liquid strain is cultured at 25-30 ℃, a fungus bag is fully grown with the fungus, a hole is formed in the bag opening, a poria cocos sclerotium is inoculated, then the fungus bag is placed into a bag with the air content of 10-15%, and the bag is placed in a culture room with the temperature of 25-30 ℃, the humidity of about 70% and dark light to knot poria cocos. The poria cocos yield of the embodiment reaches 97%, and the biological conversion rate of the poria cocos reaches 60% after 7 months of harvest. The pachyman content is up to 75%, and the total triterpene content is up to 0.84%.

Example 3

An industrial Poria cultivation medium and Poria cultivation method comprises the following steps: 100% of pine segments, partially peeling and reserving ribs, bagging, sterilizing at 120 ℃ for 3.5h, cooling to room temperature, inoculating liquid poria cocos strains, culturing at 25-30 ℃, and burying mycelia overgrow in sandy soil with 10-15% of ventilation porosity, wherein the poria cocos yield reaches 100% in the embodiment, and the poria cocos biotransformation rate reaches 50% when harvested in 7 months. The pachyman content reaches 72 percent, and the total triterpene reaches 0.72 percent.

Example 4

An industrial Poria cultivation medium and Poria cultivation method comprises the following steps: 100% of pine segments, partially peeling and reserving ribs, bagging, sterilizing at 120 ℃ for 3.5h, cooling to room temperature, inoculating liquid poria cocos strains, culturing at 25-30 ℃, inoculating poria cocos sclerotia when hypha grows over the fungus bags, opening holes on the side faces of the bags, putting the fungus bags into bags with air content of 10-15%, and placing the bags in a culturing room with temperature of 25-30 ℃, humidity of about 70% and dark light to form poria cocos. In the embodiment, the poria cocos yield reaches 100%, and when the poria cocos is harvested in 7 months, the poria cocos biotransformation rate reaches 60%. The pachyman content reaches 73%, and the total triterpene content reaches 0.74%.

Example 5

An industrial Poria cultivation medium and Poria cultivation method comprises the following steps: 80% of miscellaneous tree segment wood, 10% of miscellaneous tree chips, 9.8% of wheat grains and 0.2% of terpene substances are added with water to adjust the water content to 60%, mixed and stirred uniformly, bagged, sterilized at 100 ℃ for 8h, inoculated with poria cocos liquid strain when the temperature is reduced to room temperature, cultured at 25-30 ℃, and cultured until hypha overgrows the strain and is embedded in sandy soil with the air porosity of 10-15%, the poria cocos yield of the embodiment reaches 97%, and the poria cocos biotransformation rate reaches 58% when harvested for 7 months. The pachyman content is 79 percent, and the total triterpene is 0.92 percent.

Example 6

An industrial Poria cultivating medium and a Poria cultivating method comprise the following steps: 20% of miscellaneous wood pieces, 20% of miscellaneous wood chips, 40% of miscellaneous wood pieces, 15% of corn kernels, 1.7% of sucrose, 2% of gypsum, 1% of calcium superphosphate and 0.3% of terpene substances are added with water to adjust the water content to 60%, the mixture is uniformly stirred, the mixture is bagged, sterilized at 100 ℃ for 8h, when the temperature is reduced to room temperature, a poria cocos liquid strain is inoculated, the poria cocos liquid strain is cultured at 25-30 ℃, a poria cocos sclerotium is inoculated when the bag opening is full of hypha, then the fungus bag is placed into a bag with the air content of 10-15%, the bag is placed in a culture room with the temperature of 25-30 ℃, the humidity of about 70% and dark light rays to form poria cocos, the poria cocos caking rate of the embodiment reaches 98%, and when the poria cocos is harvested in 6 months, the biological conversion rate reaches 62%. The pachyman content is up to 80%, and the total triterpene content is up to 1.09%.

The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An industrial poria cocos culture medium is characterized by comprising the following materials in percentage by mass:

80% of non-pine waste, 15% of organic nitrogen source, 1.7% of cane sugar, 2% of gypsum, 1% of calcium superphosphate and 0.3% of terpene substances; the terpene substance is a methanol extract of pine.

2. The poria cocos culture medium of claim 1, wherein the culture medium has a water content of 60%.

3. An industrial poria cocos cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, preparing the following materials in percentage by mass:

80% of non-pine waste, 15% of organic nitrogen source, 1.7% of cane sugar, 2% of gypsum, 1% of calcium superphosphate and 0.3% of terpene substances; the terpene substance is a pine methanol extract;

mixing and stirring the materials, and adjusting the water content to 60%;

secondly, bagging and sterilizing;

and thirdly, when the temperature of the fungus bag is reduced to room temperature, inoculating liquid tuckahoe strains, culturing at 25-30 ℃, and when hyphae overgrow the fungus bag, burying the fungus bag in sandy soil with the ventilation porosity of 10-15% to combine tuckahoe or combine tuckahoe in a culture room.

4. The industrial cultivation method of Poria cocos as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step one, the non-pine wood waste comprises wood chips, wood blocks, wood segments, wood chips or branches of needle-leaved wood or broad-leaved wood, and is waste generated during thinning, trimming, felling of sick and epidemic trees, felling of dead and dead wood or wood processing.

5. The industrial cultivation method of Poria cocos as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step one, the organic nitrogen source comprises one or more of rice bran, corn kernel, and wheat.

6. The industrial cultivation method of Poria cocos according to claim 3, wherein in step three, the cultivation room for Poria cocos is: opening a hole on the bag mouth or the side wall of the bag full of hypha, inoculating Poria sclerotium, and placing the bag in a culture room with air content of 10-15%, temperature of 25-30 deg.C, humidity of 65-75% and dark light for forming Poria.