CN111285717A - Preparation method of special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera - Google Patents
Preparation method of special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera Download PDFInfo
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- CN111285717A CN111285717A CN202010288803.7A CN202010288803A CN111285717A CN 111285717 A CN111285717 A CN 111285717A CN 202010288803 A CN202010288803 A CN 202010288803A CN 111285717 A CN111285717 A CN 111285717A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera, and relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting. The preparation method of the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea mainly comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials, processing the raw materials, breaking the walls of the raw materials, carrying out primary enzymolysis, mixing the raw materials, carrying out primary fermentation, carrying out secondary fermentation, carrying out inactivation treatment, drying treatment and the like. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, effectively improves and enriches the composition of nutrient components in the compound fertilizer by adopting the steps of wall breaking, enzymolysis, fermentation and the like after mixing the oil-tea camellia waste material and various biological raw materials, is convenient for plant growth and absorption, improves the oil yield of the oil-tea camellia fruits while improving the fruit setting rate of the oil-tea camellia trees, and improves the economic benefit of planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a special organic fertilizer for camellia oleifera.
Background
The tea-oil tree is a unique woody oil tree species in China and also one of four high-quality edible oil trees in the world, and the main product of the tea-oil tree is nutritional, high-quality and pollution-free edible oil, has the characteristics of health care, storage resistance and the like, and is known as 'king of edible oil'. Oil tea fertilization is taken as a main measure of intensive operation, and great attention is always paid to production.
The camellia oleifera is planted by mostly adopting conventional plant compound fertilizers on the market, and a fertilizer specially made for the growth characteristics of the camellia oleifera is lacked, but the function of most of the fertilizers is basically to ensure the healthy growth of branches and stems of the camellia oleifera and simultaneously improve the fruit setting rate of the camellia oleifera, but the camellia oleifera is different from other fruit tree agricultural products, the main economic value of the camellia oleifera is not mainly determined by the number of fruits of the camellia oleifera but by the oil yield of the fruits on one tree, so that the improvement of the proportion of the agricultural fertilizers and the improvement of the oil yield of the fruits on the camellia oleifera is the research direction of large agricultural planting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea, which adopts the steps of wall breaking, enzymolysis, fermentation and the like after mixing the oil tea waste and various biological raw materials to effectively promote and enrich the composition of the nutrient components in the compound fertilizer, is convenient for plant growth and absorption, promotes the oil yield of the oil tea fruits while promoting the fruit setting rate of the oil tea trees, and promotes the economic benefit of planting.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for oil tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: selecting tea oil cakes, tea seed shells, animal wastes, corn straws, bean dregs, kelp and shrimp shells for later use;
(2) raw material treatment: mixing the tea oil cake, the tea seed shells, the corn straws, the bean dregs and the kelp, drying, crushing in a crusher, and sieving with a 120-fold 140-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(3) breaking the walls of the raw materials: adding clear water into the mixed powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in a high-voltage pulse electric field for wall breaking treatment to obtain wall-broken slurry for later use;
(4) preliminary enzymolysis: adding complex enzyme into the wall-broken slurry, stirring, and performing enzymolysis at 35-40 deg.C for 10-12 hr to obtain enzymolysis slurry;
(5) mixing raw materials: sterilizing the animal waste and the shrimp shells under the pressure of 10-12MPa and the high temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 30min, grinding and crushing, and mixing with the enzymolysis slurry to obtain a mixture for later use;
(6) primary fermentation: adding yeast into the mixture, uniformly stirring, and primarily fermenting for 8-10h at a constant temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material for later use;
(7) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding lactobacillus into the primary fermentation liquid, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the temperature to 35-40 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 5-8h to obtain a secondary fermentation material for later use;
(8) inactivation treatment: placing the secondary fermentation material in a microwave sterilizer for microwave sterilization, taking out the secondary fermentation material, adding the composite trace elements, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry for later use;
(9) and (3) drying treatment: and (3) carrying out forced air drying on the mixed slurry until the water content is 4% -6%, and then carrying out extrusion forming through a screw extruder to obtain the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea.
Preferably, the raw materials in the step (1) comprise, by weight, 55-60 parts of tea oil cakes, 30-40 parts of tea seed shells, 20-30 parts of animal wastes, 20-30 parts of corn straws, 10-15 parts of bean dregs, 8-10 parts of kelp and 4-6 parts of shrimp shells.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the intensity in the step (3) is 1: 2, the electric field intensity of the high-voltage pulse electric field is 40kV/cm, and the processing time is 400 microseconds.
Preferably, the addition amount of the complex enzyme in the step (4) is 2-4% of the mass of the substrate, and the compound enzyme is a mixture of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3: 1: 3.
Preferably, the addition of yeast in the step (6) is 1.8-2.4% of the mass of the substrate.
Preferably, the adding amount of the lactic acid bacteria in the step (7) is 1.4-2% of the mass of the substrate.
Preferably, the power of the microwave sterilization in the inactivation treatment step is 560W, and the sterilization time is 200 s.
Preferably, the mass of the composite trace elements added in the step (8) is 0.6-0.8% of the mass of the secondary fermentation material, and the composite trace elements are a mixture of phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 2: 1.
The invention provides a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for oil tea, which has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, tea oil cakes and tea seed shells are used as main materials, so that byproducts of the tea-oil trees are effectively utilized, the waste in the planting process of the tea-oil trees is reduced, and meanwhile, the influence structure of the obtained organic components is improved by mixing the materials with animal wastes, corn straws, bean dregs, kelp, shrimp shells, composite trace elements and the like, so that the growth requirement of the tea-oil trees is met;
(2) according to the invention, the raw materials are subjected to wall breaking treatment firstly, so that a large amount of protein components flow out of cells, and meanwhile, enzymolysis is carried out later through complex enzyme, so that components which are not easily absorbed by macromolecules are effectively converted into small molecular substances which are easy to absorb, the absorption of the growth of the oil-tea camellia is facilitated, and the growth of the oil-tea camellia is effectively promoted;
(3) according to the invention, through valence fermentation and lactobacillus fermentation, the nutrient composition of the compound fertilizer seeds is further enriched, the fruit setting rate of the camellia oleifera is effectively improved, the oil yield of the camellia oleifera is increased, and the planting economic benefit of the camellia oleifera is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for oil tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: selecting tea oil cakes, tea seed shells, animal wastes, corn straws, bean dregs, kelp and shrimp shells for later use;
(2) raw material treatment: mixing the tea oil cake, the tea seed shells, the corn straws, the bean dregs and the kelp, drying, crushing in a crusher, and sieving with a 120-fold 140-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(3) breaking the walls of the raw materials: adding clear water into the mixed powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in a high-voltage pulse electric field for wall breaking treatment to obtain wall-broken slurry for later use;
(4) preliminary enzymolysis: adding complex enzyme into the wall-broken slurry, stirring, and performing enzymolysis at 35-40 deg.C for 10-12 hr to obtain enzymolysis slurry;
(5) mixing raw materials: sterilizing the animal waste and the shrimp shells under the pressure of 10-12MPa and the high temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 30min, grinding and crushing, and mixing with the enzymolysis slurry to obtain a mixture for later use;
(6) primary fermentation: adding yeast into the mixture, uniformly stirring, and primarily fermenting for 8-10h at a constant temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material for later use;
(7) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding lactobacillus into the primary fermentation liquid, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the temperature to 35-40 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 5-8h to obtain a secondary fermentation material for later use;
(8) inactivation treatment: placing the secondary fermentation material in a microwave sterilizer for microwave sterilization, taking out the secondary fermentation material, adding the composite trace elements, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry for later use;
(9) and (3) drying treatment: and (3) carrying out forced air drying on the mixed slurry until the water content is 4% -6%, and then carrying out extrusion forming through a screw extruder to obtain the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea.
Wherein, the raw materials in the step (1) comprise 58 parts of tea oil cakes, 35 parts of tea seed shells, 25 parts of animal wastes, 25 parts of corn straws, 13 parts of bean dregs, 9 parts of sea-tangles and 5 parts of shrimp shells by weight; the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the intensity in the step (3) is 1: 2, the electric field intensity of the high-voltage pulse electric field is 40kV/cm, and the processing time is 400 microseconds; the addition amount of the complex enzyme in the step (4) is 3% of the mass of the substrate, and the compound enzyme is a mixture of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3: 1: 3; the addition of the yeast in the step (6) is 2.1 percent of the mass of the substrate; the adding amount of the lactobacillus in the step (7) is 1.7 percent of the mass of the substrate; the power of microwave sterilization in the inactivation treatment step is 560W, and the sterilization time is 200 s; the mass of the composite trace elements added in the step (8) is 0.7% of the mass of the secondary fermentation material, and the composite trace elements are a mixture of phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 2: 1.
Example 2:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for oil tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: selecting tea oil cakes, tea seed shells, animal wastes, corn straws, bean dregs, kelp and shrimp shells for later use;
(2) raw material treatment: mixing the tea oil cake, the tea seed shells, the corn straws, the bean dregs and the kelp, drying, crushing in a crusher, and sieving with a 120-fold 140-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(3) breaking the walls of the raw materials: adding clear water into the mixed powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in a high-voltage pulse electric field for wall breaking treatment to obtain wall-broken slurry for later use;
(4) preliminary enzymolysis: adding complex enzyme into the wall-broken slurry, stirring, and performing enzymolysis at 35-40 deg.C for 10-12 hr to obtain enzymolysis slurry;
(5) mixing raw materials: sterilizing the animal waste and the shrimp shells under the pressure of 10-12MPa and the high temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 30min, grinding and crushing, and mixing with the enzymolysis slurry to obtain a mixture for later use;
(6) primary fermentation: adding yeast into the mixture, uniformly stirring, and primarily fermenting for 8-10h at a constant temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material for later use;
(7) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding lactobacillus into the primary fermentation liquid, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the temperature to 35-40 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 5-8h to obtain a secondary fermentation material for later use;
(8) inactivation treatment: placing the secondary fermentation material in a microwave sterilizer for microwave sterilization, taking out the secondary fermentation material, adding the composite trace elements, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry for later use;
(9) and (3) drying treatment: and (3) carrying out forced air drying on the mixed slurry until the water content is 4% -6%, and then carrying out extrusion forming through a screw extruder to obtain the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea.
Wherein, the raw materials in the step (1) comprise, by weight, 55 parts of tea oil cakes, 30 parts of tea seed shells, 20 parts of animal wastes, 20 parts of corn straws, 10 parts of bean dregs, 8 parts of sea-tangles and 4 parts of shrimp shells; the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the intensity in the step (3) is 1: 2, the electric field intensity of the high-voltage pulse electric field is 40kV/cm, and the processing time is 400 microseconds; the addition amount of the complex enzyme in the step (4) is 2% of the mass of the substrate, and the compound enzyme is a mixture of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3: 1: 3; the addition of the yeast in the step (6) is 1.8 percent of the mass of the substrate; the adding amount of the lactobacillus in the step (7) is 1.4% of the mass of the substrate; the power of microwave sterilization in the inactivation treatment step is 560W, and the sterilization time is 200 s; the mass of the composite trace elements added in the step (8) is 0.6 percent of the mass of the secondary fermentation material, and the composite trace elements are a mixture of phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 2: 1.
Example 3:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for oil tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: selecting tea oil cakes, tea seed shells, animal wastes, corn straws, bean dregs, kelp and shrimp shells for later use;
(2) raw material treatment: mixing the tea oil cake, the tea seed shells, the corn straws, the bean dregs and the kelp, drying, crushing in a crusher, and sieving with a 120-fold 140-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(3) breaking the walls of the raw materials: adding clear water into the mixed powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in a high-voltage pulse electric field for wall breaking treatment to obtain wall-broken slurry for later use;
(4) preliminary enzymolysis: adding complex enzyme into the wall-broken slurry, stirring, and performing enzymolysis at 35-40 deg.C for 10-12 hr to obtain enzymolysis slurry;
(5) mixing raw materials: sterilizing the animal waste and the shrimp shells under the pressure of 10-12MPa and the high temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 30min, grinding and crushing, and mixing with the enzymolysis slurry to obtain a mixture for later use;
(6) primary fermentation: adding yeast into the mixture, uniformly stirring, and primarily fermenting for 8-10h at a constant temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material for later use;
(7) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding lactobacillus into the primary fermentation liquid, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the temperature to 35-40 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 5-8h to obtain a secondary fermentation material for later use;
(8) inactivation treatment: placing the secondary fermentation material in a microwave sterilizer for microwave sterilization, taking out the secondary fermentation material, adding the composite trace elements, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry for later use;
(9) and (3) drying treatment: and (3) carrying out forced air drying on the mixed slurry until the water content is 4% -6%, and then carrying out extrusion forming through a screw extruder to obtain the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea.
Wherein, the raw materials in the step (1) comprise, by weight, 60 parts of tea oil cakes, 40 parts of tea seed shells, 30 parts of animal wastes, 30 parts of corn straws, 15 parts of bean dregs, 10 parts of sea-tangles and 6 parts of shrimp shells; the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the intensity in the step (3) is 1: 2, the electric field intensity of the high-voltage pulse electric field is 40kV/cm, and the processing time is 400 microseconds; the addition amount of the complex enzyme in the step (4) is 4% of the mass of the substrate, and the compound enzyme is a mixture of protease, pectinase and cellulase with the mass ratio of 3: 1: 3; the addition of the yeast in the step (6) is 2.4 percent of the mass of the substrate; the adding amount of the lactobacillus in the step (7) is 2% of the mass of the substrate; the power of microwave sterilization in the inactivation treatment step is 560W, and the sterilization time is 200 s; the mass of the composite trace elements added in the step (8) is 0.6-0.8% of the mass of the secondary fermentation material, and the composite trace elements are a mixture of phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 2: 1.
And (3) detection:
four acres of camellia oleifera fields planted in the same area and the same period are selected, the compound fertilizer of examples 1-3 and a common NPK compound fertilizer on the market are respectively adopted, the fertilizer is applied according to the standard of a camellia oleifera planting manual in a quantitative and timing manner, the rest planting processes are the same, the oil yield of each group of camellia oleifera fields is detected, and the results are shown in the following table:
| variety of fertilizer application | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | NPK compound fertilizer |
| Total oil yield per mu | 51.3kg | 50.6kg | 49.8kg | 40.6kg |
The above table shows that the organic fertilizer can effectively improve the oil yield of tea oil trees, improve the economic benefit of planting, and is suitable for popularization and use.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for oil tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: selecting tea oil cakes, tea seed shells, animal wastes, corn straws, bean dregs, kelp and shrimp shells for later use;
(2) raw material treatment: mixing the tea oil cake, the tea seed shells, the corn straws, the bean dregs and the kelp, drying, crushing in a crusher, and sieving with a 120-fold 140-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(3) breaking the walls of the raw materials: adding clear water into the mixed powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in a high-voltage pulse electric field for wall breaking treatment to obtain wall-broken slurry for later use;
(4) preliminary enzymolysis: adding complex enzyme into the wall-broken slurry, stirring, and performing enzymolysis at 35-40 deg.C for 10-12 hr to obtain enzymolysis slurry;
(5) mixing raw materials: sterilizing the animal waste and the shrimp shells under the pressure of 10-12MPa and the high temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 30min, grinding and crushing, and mixing with the enzymolysis slurry to obtain a mixture for later use;
(6) primary fermentation: adding yeast into the mixture, uniformly stirring, and primarily fermenting for 8-10h at a constant temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material for later use;
(7) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding lactobacillus into the primary fermentation liquid, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the temperature to 35-40 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 5-8h to obtain a secondary fermentation material for later use;
(8) inactivation treatment: placing the secondary fermentation material in a microwave sterilizer for microwave sterilization, taking out the secondary fermentation material, adding the composite trace elements, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry for later use;
(9) and (3) drying treatment: and (3) carrying out forced air drying on the mixed slurry until the water content is 4% -6%, and then carrying out extrusion forming through a screw extruder to obtain the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea.
2. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the raw materials in the step (1) comprise, by weight, 55-60 parts of tea oil cakes, 30-40 parts of tea seed shells, 20-30 parts of animal wastes, 20-30 parts of corn straws, 10-15 parts of bean dregs, 8-10 parts of kelp and 4-6 parts of shrimp shells.
3. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the intensity in the step (3) is 1: 2, the electric field intensity of the high-voltage pulse electric field is 40kV/cm, and the processing time is 400 microseconds.
4. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the addition amount of the complex enzyme in the step (4) is 2-4% of the mass of the substrate, and the compound enzyme is a mixture of protease, pectinase and cellulase in a mass ratio of 3: 1: 3.
5. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) adding yeast in the step (6) to be 1.8-2.4% of the mass of the substrate.
6. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the adding amount of the lactobacillus in the step (7) is 1.4-2% of the mass of the substrate.
7. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the power of microwave sterilization in the inactivation treatment step is 560W, and the sterilization time is 200 s.
8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass of the composite trace elements added in the step (8) is 0.6-0.8% of the mass of the secondary fermentation material, and the composite trace elements are a mixture of phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 2: 1.
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| CN108424241A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-08-21 | 铜仁市万山区黔东优质油茶种植有限公司 | A kind of oil tea increasing of quality and production organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110857258A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2020-03-03 | 安溪全香蔬菜有限公司 | Insect-attack-preventing organic environment-friendly fertilizer suitable for vegetables |
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| CN105777356A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-07-20 | 山东绿亨生物工程有限公司 | Composite microorganism organic inorganic water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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