CN111269071A - Method for fertilizing and three-dimensional planting by using straws - Google Patents
Method for fertilizing and three-dimensional planting by using straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN111269071A CN111269071A CN202010218613.8A CN202010218613A CN111269071A CN 111269071 A CN111269071 A CN 111269071A CN 202010218613 A CN202010218613 A CN 202010218613A CN 111269071 A CN111269071 A CN 111269071A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 135
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001095 motoneuron effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for fertilizing and three-dimensional planting by using straws, which relates to the technical field of agriculture and comprises the following steps: s1: crushing the straws by a crushing device to obtain crushed straw materials; s2: pushing out surface soil in the field, filling the crushed straw obtained in the step S1 into the field, and adding an additive with the humidity of 30-50%, wherein the additive is a decomposing agent, tail water of a brewery, human and animal excreta, biogas residues or biogas slurry; s3: filling the pushed surface soil on the crushed straw; s4: continuously irrigating tail water, human and animal excrements, biogas residues and/or biogas slurry of the winery according to the humidity of 35-65% to ensure that the humidity of the crushed straw is 50-65%; s5: cultivating crops on the soil after the crushed straw reaches the humidity of 50-65%; s6: after a period of time, it is determined by drilling detection that the straw shatters have become thoroughly decomposed, and then earthworms are introduced through the holes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for three-dimensional planting by utilizing straws for fertilizing.
Background
At present, the main problems of agricultural cultivated land are that the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes industrial pollution, so that the organic matter content of soil is reduced, the heavy metal content is increased, and the organism and biological community with important ecological maintenance function in the soil is unbalanced, such as the reduction of earthworms, so that the soil loses activity and self-regulation capacity, and the unbalance of the microecology finally causes the unbalance of the large ecology of the agricultural environment.
The straws contain rich energy, most of the straws are wasted due to measures such as field burning or direct landfill, so that the energy in the straws cannot be fully utilized in recent years, and the straw returning field has the advantages of improving the soil structure, increasing the soil organic matters, improving the soil fertility, avoiding atmospheric pollution caused by straw burning and the like.
A method for fully utilizing straw energy is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for fertilizing and three-dimensional planting by using straws, which is used for achieving the technical effects of fully utilizing energy sources of the straws and improving the soil environment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the straws by a crushing device to obtain crushed straw materials;
s2: pushing out surface soil in the field, filling the crushed straw obtained in the step S1 into the field, and adding an additive with the humidity of 30-50%, wherein the additive is a decomposing agent, tail water of a brewery, human and animal excreta, biogas residues or biogas slurry;
s3: filling the pushed surface soil on the crushed straw;
s4: continuously irrigating tail water, human and animal excrements, biogas residues and/or biogas slurry of the winery according to the humidity of 35-65% to ensure that the humidity of the crushed straw is 50-65%;
s5: cultivating crops on the soil after the crushed straw reaches the humidity of 50-65%;
s6: after a period of time, it is determined by drilling detection that the straw shatters have become thoroughly decomposed, and then earthworms are introduced through the holes.
In order to better implement the present invention, further,
further comprising the steps of:
s7: and (3) circularly irrigating the tail water of the winery, the human and animal excreta, the biogas residues and/or the biogas slurry into the soil every day until the crops are mature.
In order to better implement the present invention, further,
further comprising the steps of:
s8: after crops are ripe and harvested, uncovering surface soil, taking out decomposed organic matters, screening earthworms and organic matters, and recycling the screened earthworms and organic matters.
The action mechanism is as follows:
the straw is treated in a way of crushing the straw to enable the straw to be easily decomposed in soil, and the crushing is carried out by adopting a crushing device to obtain crushed straw.
The method comprises the steps of pushing out surface soil in a field, filling ground straws into the field, adding a certain proportion of a decomposition agent and winery tail water, human and animal excrement, biogas residues or biogas slurry into the field, selecting the substances which can provide sufficient nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus for the ground straws and can meet the growth requirements of crops, filling the pushed soil into the ground straws after the substances are added, and continuously irrigating the winery tail water, the human and animal excrement, the biogas residues and/or the biogas slurry according to a certain proportion to ensure that the ground straws reach the humidity of 50-65%.
After a certain humidity at the bottom, crops are cultivated in soil, after a period of time, the straw smashing objects are determined to be thoroughly decomposed through drilling detection, earthworms are put into the soil through holes, earthworms are added, the earthworms can be living earthworms and also can be earthworm eggs, after the earthworms are added, the earthworms can be bred and moved in the soil, the soil can be loosened, and the operation can be favorable for the respiration and the growth of crop root systems.
In addition, due to the addition of the earthworms, the earthworms can eat humic acid, bacteria, animal excrement and the like in soil, so that the healthy growth of crops is facilitated, the excrement discharged by the earthworms is also an organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is a natural nutrient for the crops, the economic cost is saved, and the earthworms can also breed in the soil, so that certain economic benefit can be increased.
In the planting process, organic matters on the lower layer are gradually decomposed into organic soil under the action of tail water of a winery, human and animal excreta, biogas residues or biogas slurry, so that the soil environment is improved, the purpose of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers is achieved, and the damage of the chemical fertilizers to the soil environment is reduced.
In addition, organic matters and earthworms are separated by a screening mode and are repeatedly used on other crops.
In order to better realize the invention, further, the crushing device comprises a crushing mechanism and a crushing mechanism arranged below the crushing mechanism;
the crushing mechanism comprises a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft which are arranged side by side, a first crushing roller is sleeved outside the first transmission shaft, and a second crushing roller is sleeved outside the second transmission shaft;
the grinding mechanism comprises a movable sieve, the movable sieve is arc-shaped, a third transmission shaft is arranged on the movable sieve, and a grinding roller is sleeved outside the third transmission shaft;
two ends of the movable sieve are provided with connecting plates, the connecting plates are provided with racks, one end of the movable sieve is provided with a first transmission assembly, and the other end of the movable sieve is provided with a second transmission assembly;
the first transmission assembly comprises a fourth transmission shaft, a first transmission roller is sleeved outside the fourth transmission shaft, and the first transmission roller can be meshed with the rack;
the second transmission assembly comprises a fifth transmission shaft, a second transmission roller is sleeved outside the fifth transmission shaft, and the second transmission roller can be meshed with the rack;
incomplete gears are arranged on the first transmission roller and the second transmission roller;
the first transmission shaft with the fourth transmission shaft passes through the transmission of transmission band and connects, the second transmission shaft with the fifth transmission shaft passes through the transmission of transmission band and connects, the third transmission shaft with the fourth transmission shaft passes through the transmission of transmission band and connects.
In order to better implement the invention, further, the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft have the same structure; the fourth transmission shaft and the fifth transmission shaft have the same structure.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, a diameter ratio of the first transmission shaft, the third transmission shaft and the fourth transmission shaft is 2: 1.5: 1.
in order to better implement the invention, further, the crushing device further comprises a collecting barrel for collecting crushed materials, and the collecting barrel is arranged below the moving sieve.
In order to better realize the invention, the movable screen comprises transverse screen bars and longitudinal screen bars, the transverse screen bars and the longitudinal screen bars are arranged in a staggered mode, and saw teeth are arranged on the staggered parts.
In order to better implement the invention, further, the crushing device further comprises a feed hopper.
In order to better realize the invention, further, the crushing device further comprises a shell, the crushing mechanism and the grinding mechanism are arranged in the shell, and the feed hopper is arranged outside the shell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention enriches the crushed materials by crushing the straws, adding additives such as a decomposing agent, winery tail water, human and animal excreta or biogas residues, biogas slurry and the like into the crushed straws and adding earthworms, can improve the soil environment, is beneficial to the growth of crops and increases the economic and social benefits by adding the crushed materials into the soil, and has the advantages of simple and feasible method, easy operation and low cost.
The invention crushes the straws to obtain crushed straw, pushes out the surface soil, then adds the crushed straw into the field, and adds a certain proportion of decomposing agent, winery tail water, human and animal excreta, biogas residues or biogas slurry, earthworms and the like into the field, thereby improving the soil environment and being beneficial to the growth of crops.
The straw crushing device is used for crushing the straws, the crushing mechanism and the crushing mechanism are used for double crushing the straws, and the crushing effect is good through transmission cooperation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the present invention will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pulverizing apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a moving screen according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the crushing mechanism provided by the present invention.
Icon:
100-crushing mechanism, 101-first transmission shaft, 102-second transmission shaft, 103-first crushing roller, 104-second crushing roller, 200-crushing mechanism, 210-moving sieve, 211-connecting plate, 212-rack, 213-transverse sieve bar, 214-longitudinal sieve bar, 215-cross part, 220-third transmission shaft, 221-crushing roller, 230-first transmission component, 231-fourth transmission shaft, 232-first transmission roller, 240-second transmission component, 241-fifth transmission shaft, 242-second transmission roller, 201-transmission belt, 300-collecting bucket, 400-feeding hopper, 500-shell.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The invention provides a method for fertilizing and three-dimensional planting by using straws,
mainly comprising
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the straws by a crushing device to obtain crushed straw materials;
s2: pushing out surface soil in the field, filling the crushed straw obtained in the step S1 into the field, and adding an additive with the humidity of 30-50%, wherein the additive is a decomposing agent, tail water of a brewery, human and animal excreta, biogas residues or biogas slurry;
s3: filling the pushed surface soil on the crushed straw;
s4: continuously irrigating tail water, human and animal excrements, biogas residues and/or biogas slurry of the winery according to the humidity of 35-65% to ensure that the humidity of the crushed straw is 50-65%;
s5: cultivating crops on the soil after the crushed straw reaches the humidity of 50-65%;
s6: after a period of time, it is determined by drilling detection that the straw shatters have become thoroughly decomposed, and then earthworms are introduced through the holes.
S7: and (3) circularly irrigating the tail water of the winery, the human and animal excreta, the biogas residues and/or the biogas slurry into the soil every day until the crops are mature.
S8: after crops are ripe and harvested, uncovering surface soil, taking out decomposed organic matters, screening earthworms and organic matters, and recycling the screened earthworms and organic matters.
The invention adopts the smashing device to fully smash the straws so as to reduce the time for decomposing the straws in the soil and fully improve the utilization rate of straw energy, the smashing device mainly comprises a smashing mechanism 100 and a crushing mechanism 200 as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the smashing mechanism 100 and the crushing mechanism 200 are arranged in a shell 500, the smashing mechanism 100 is used for coarse smashing, the crushing mechanism 200 is used for further fine smashing, and the smashing mechanism 100 and the crushing mechanism 200 are used for double smashing, so that the particle size of the crushed straws is smaller, the decomposition in the soil is more facilitated, and the improvement of the soil is further accelerated.
As shown in fig. 1, the crushing mechanism 100 mainly includes a first transmission shaft 101 and a second transmission shaft 102 which are arranged side by side, a first crushing roller 103 is sleeved on the first transmission shaft 101, a second crushing roller 104 is sleeved on the second transmission shaft 102, the two crushing rollers are arranged side by side, straw is fed from above the two crushing rollers, under the action of a driving motor, the two crushing rollers rotate relatively, for example, the first crushing roller 103 rotates clockwise, and the second crushing roller 104 rotates counterclockwise, so as to crush the straw.
The ground straw falls to the grinding mechanism 200 below, the grinding mechanism 200 comprises a moving sieve 210, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the moving sieve 210 comprises a transverse sieve bar 213 and a longitudinal sieve bar 214, and saw teeth are arranged on the staggered part 215 of the transverse sieve bar 213 and the longitudinal sieve bar 214.
The third transmission shaft 220 is disposed above the movable screen 210, and the grinding roller 221 is sleeved on the third transmission shaft 220, so that the straw is further ground and crushed by the mutual cooperation of the grinding roller 221 and the saw teeth on the movable screen 210.
In order to facilitate the fine crushing of straw, a connecting plate 211 is provided at the free end of the moving screen 210, the connecting plate 211 is provided with a rack 212, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and a first transmission assembly 230 and a second transmission assembly 240 are provided above the connecting plate 211, wherein the first transmission assembly 230 is provided at one end of the moving screen 210, the second transmission assembly 240 is provided at the other end of the moving screen 210, and the first transmission assembly 230 and the second transmission assembly 240 have substantially the same structure.
The first transmission assembly 230 mainly includes a fourth transmission shaft 231 and a first transmission roller 232 sleeved on the fourth transmission shaft 231, wherein the first transmission roller 232 is provided with an incomplete gear.
The second transmission assembly 240 mainly includes a fifth transmission shaft 241 and a second transmission roller 242 sleeved on the fifth transmission shaft 241, and the second transmission roller 242 is also provided with an incomplete gear.
The first transmission assembly 230 is different from the second transmission assembly 240 in that the two incomplete gears are engaged with the corresponding racks 212 at different times, and it is further explained that the initial states of the first transmission assembly 230 and the second transmission assembly 240 are different, and the incomplete gears of the second transmission assembly 240 are not engaged with the lower racks 212 when the incomplete gears of the first transmission assembly 230 are engaged with the lower racks 212.
Under the action of the conveying belt 201, the transmission shaft is connected, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, specifically, the first transmission shaft 101 is in transmission connection with the fourth transmission shaft 231 through the conveying belt 201, the fourth transmission shaft 231 is in transmission connection with the third transmission shaft 220 through the conveying belt 201, and the second transmission shaft 102 is in transmission connection with the fifth transmission shaft 241 through the conveying belt 201.
Under driving motor's effect, drive first crushing roller 103 and the second crushing roller 104 on the reducing mechanism and carry out preliminary crushing to the straw, at the driven effect of transmission band 201, make its movable screen 210 remove about can, through the sawtooth on the movable screen 210 to and grind the sawtooth on the roller 221, the collaborative action is on the straw, and pulverize about, thereby reach the purpose of fine crushing, the preferred 0.5 ~ 1CM of sieve mesh aperture that should remove screen 210.
In use, the first transmission shaft 101 and the second transmission shaft 102 have the same structure, specifically, the same diameter, and the fourth transmission shaft 231 and the fifth transmission shaft 241 have the same structure, also the same diameter. As shown in the figure, the first and second crushing rollers 103 and 104 are also identical in structure.
In order to make the straw crushing effect of the device better, the diameter of the corresponding transmission shaft is further limited, and the device comprises: preferably, the diameter ratio of the first transmission shaft 101, the third transmission shaft 220 and the fourth transmission shaft 231 is 2: 1.5: 1, the good of setting like this be in with can adjust corresponding rotational speed, can pertinence smash the straw through adjusting rotational speed, the diameter of two transmission shafts of reducing mechanism is great relatively to speed is more slower, can carry out coarse crushing to the straw, because the length of time limit straw is great, through the state of coarse crushing slowly, can prolong the time that reducing mechanism acted on the straw, thereby strengthen coarse crushing's effect.
The straw after passing through the crushing device enters the crushing mechanism 200, the movable sieve 210 enables the movable sieve 210 to move left and right under the action of the first transmission component 230 and the second transmission component, and the diameters of the corresponding fourth transmission shaft 231 and the fifth transmission shaft 241 are smaller, so that the rotating speed is higher, the frequency of the movable sieve 210 is increased, and the crushing roller 221 is matched with the crushing roller 221, and the frequency of the crushing roller 221 is relatively lower than that of the movable sieve 210, so that the crushing effect of the straw can be better, and meanwhile, in the crushing process, the movable sieve 210 can sieve the crushed straw, and the purpose of simultaneously crushing and collecting the crushed straw is achieved.
The straw is collected by providing a collection barrel 300 below the grinding mechanism 200, as shown in fig. 1.
To further improve the structure of the device, the crushing mechanism 100, the crushing mechanism 200 and the collecting barrel 300 are all arranged in the housing 500 by arranging the housing 500, and the feeding hopper 400 is arranged outside the housing 500 for feeding conveniently.
This reducing mechanism carries out coarse crushing to the straw through setting up rubbing crusher mechanism 100, and the rethread pulverizes mechanism 200 and carries out fine crushing to the straw, under rubbing crusher mechanism 100 and pulverize the combination of mechanism 200, makes its straw kibbling granularity littleer, fills in the field again after, decomposition efficiency is higher, more favourable absorption of crops.
Example (b):
s1: crushing the straws by a crushing device to obtain crushed straw materials;
s2: pushing out surface soil in the field, filling the straw crushed material obtained in the step S1 into the field, and adding a certain proportion of a decomposing agent and tail water of a winery, human and animal excreta, biogas residues or biogas slurry; the burying depth of the straw crushed material is 30 cm;
s3: filling the pushed surface soil on the crushed straw;
s4: cultivating the crops, namely the peppers, on the soil.
S5: the crop is irrigated with winery tail water according to the standard of 0.5kg per square meter.
Comparative example
S1: selecting a test field with the same standard as the experimental example;
s2: and planting the same crop-pepper as the experimental example into the experimental field;
s3: the crops were irrigated with tap water according to a standard of 0.5kg per square meter.
Experimental data
In the planting process, the production condition and the yield of crops and the production condition and the reproduction condition of earthworms are monitored at any time.
The experimental results are as follows:
in the test process, the phenomenon of pepper death does not occur in the examples, the growth of pepper seedlings is superior to that of the comparative example, the average yield of the experimental groups is also superior to that of the comparative example, and the specific results are as follows:
it was found from the above experiments that the growth of crops irrigated with the winery tail water was significantly preferred over crops irrigated with tap water in the experimental examples.
Through observing earthworms in soil, the survival and development conditions of the earthworms are good in the embodiment, and earthworm eggs can be seen, so that the method can be used for breeding the earthworms, and the economic benefit can be increased.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for fertilizing and three-dimensional planting by using straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing the straws by a crushing device to obtain crushed straw materials;
s2: pushing out surface soil in the field, filling the crushed straw obtained in the step S1 into the field, and adding an additive with the humidity of 30-50%, wherein the additive is a decomposing agent, tail water of a brewery, human and animal excreta, biogas residues or biogas slurry;
s3: filling the pushed surface soil on the crushed straw;
s4: continuously irrigating tail water, human and animal excrements, biogas residues and/or biogas slurry of the winery according to the humidity of 35-65% to ensure that the humidity of the crushed straw is 50-65%;
s5: cultivating crops on the soil after the crushed straw reaches the humidity of 50-65%;
s6: after a period of time, it is determined by drilling detection that the straw shatters have become thoroughly decomposed, and then earthworms are introduced through the holes.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s7: and (3) circularly irrigating the tail water of the winery, the human and animal excreta, the biogas residues and/or the biogas slurry into the soil every day until the crops are mature.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
s8: after crops are ripe and harvested, uncovering surface soil, taking out decomposed organic matters, screening earthworms and organic matters, and recycling the screened earthworms and organic matters.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the comminution device comprises a comminution mechanism and a grinding mechanism disposed below the comminution mechanism;
the crushing mechanism comprises a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft which are arranged side by side, a first crushing roller is sleeved outside the first transmission shaft, and a second crushing roller is sleeved outside the second transmission shaft;
the grinding mechanism comprises a movable sieve, the movable sieve is arc-shaped, a third transmission shaft is arranged on the movable sieve, and a grinding roller is sleeved outside the third transmission shaft;
two ends of the movable sieve are provided with connecting plates, the connecting plates are provided with racks, one end of the movable sieve is provided with a first transmission assembly, and the other end of the movable sieve is provided with a second transmission assembly;
the first transmission assembly comprises a fourth transmission shaft, a first transmission roller is sleeved outside the fourth transmission shaft, and the first transmission roller can be meshed with the rack;
the second transmission assembly comprises a fifth transmission shaft, a second transmission roller is sleeved outside the fifth transmission shaft, and the second transmission roller can be meshed with the rack;
incomplete gears are arranged on the first transmission roller and the second transmission roller;
the first transmission shaft with the fourth transmission shaft passes through the transmission of transmission band and connects, the second transmission shaft with the fifth transmission shaft passes through the transmission of transmission band and connects, the third transmission shaft with the fourth transmission shaft passes through the transmission of transmission band and connects.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first and second drive shafts are identical in construction; the fourth transmission shaft and the fifth transmission shaft have the same structure.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the diameter ratio of the first drive shaft, the third drive shaft, and the fourth drive shaft is 2: 1.5: 1.
7. the method of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the comminution apparatus further comprises a collection bin for collecting comminuted material, the collection bin being located below the moving screen.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the moving screen comprises transverse and longitudinal screen bars, the transverse and longitudinal screen bars being staggered with respect to each other, the stagger being provided with serrations.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the comminution device further comprises a housing, the comminution mechanism and grinding mechanism being disposed within the housing.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the housing outer wall is further provided with a feed hopper.
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| CN202010218613.8A CN111269071A (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2020-03-25 | Method for fertilizing and three-dimensional planting by using straws |
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