CN109121528A - Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method - Google Patents

Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109121528A
CN109121528A CN201811120042.3A CN201811120042A CN109121528A CN 109121528 A CN109121528 A CN 109121528A CN 201811120042 A CN201811120042 A CN 201811120042A CN 109121528 A CN109121528 A CN 109121528A
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China
Prior art keywords
stalk
livestock
field
poultry feces
returning
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CN201811120042.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
路杨
李启云
张正坤
温嘉伟
隋丽
杜茜
徐文静
李旭东
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201811120042.3A priority Critical patent/CN109121528A/en
Publication of CN109121528A publication Critical patent/CN109121528A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of livestock and poultry feces to spray stalk flour returning to the field method.The technical solution is harvested after corn enters full ripe stage using corn combine, while corn stover is carried out coarse crushing, then shed in field；Stalk surface is sprayed on after then taking livestock and poultry feces to mix with decomposition microorganism, do further crushing immediately after its natural air drying, and it advances with tractor and uniformly sheds it in field, Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is sprayed to field simultaneously, it most through rotary tillage or turns over to bury and is evenly distributed on the stalk for being mixed with waste among topsoil afterwards, complete entire returning to the field technique.The present invention can largely dissolve feces of livestock and poultry and stalk, improve the soil organism and nutrient content, improve soil texture and soil moisture content, culture fertility, realize the continuous utilization of Black soil.Meanwhile this method is easy to operate, is easily achieved, is low in cost, thus there is promotion prospect outstanding.

Description

Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, further to recycling for agricultural wastes and going back for stalk A kind of field method, and in particular to livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method.
Background technique
Feces of livestock and poultry and corn stover are the waste that largely generates with agricultural production, by taking Jilin Province as an example, at present 67,000,000 tons of feces of livestock and poultry, 50,000,000 tons of corn stover are about generated every year.It is influenced by tillage system reform and life style, these moneys Source be completely in high consumption, high pollution, low output situation.By the end of the end of the year 2017, Jilin Province's feces of livestock and poultry comprehensive utilization ratio About 67%, stalk comprehensive utilization rate has reached 75%, still have considerable a part of feces of livestock and poultry and agricultural crop straw by with Meaning is thrown aside or is burned, and is not reasonably utilized, not only waste of resource, but also cause and hold to agroecological environment Continuous pollution pressure.How to solve the problems, such as livestock and poultry cultivation and planting industry utilization of waste as resource, becomes the focus of the whole industry.
Northeast black earth area is one of three big " Black soil zones " in the world, and fertile soil in region is suitable for farming, rain heat same season, It is the important major grain producing area in China, has very important status to the national grain security of guarantee.In recent years, since protection is anticipated Know not strong, reuse ground gently to increase soil fertility, northeastern China faces " amount subtracts matter and moves back " situation, and especially organic matter decline, topsoil is shoaled, ploughed The soil degradations outstanding problems such as bottom moves up, storing water and preserving fertility ability reduces, soil micro-ecosystem deteriorates, in this case, having must Arable soil is comprehensively protected.
Straw-returning is the effective measures of a culture fertility, can increase the soil organism, soil texture is improved, to agricultural Volume increase and the maintenance of soil have positive effect.However current straw-returning method is more extensive, to the benefit of stalk organic matter It is lower with level, and be difficult to realize the resource utilization to feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously.
Part researcher develops the returning to the field method that livestock and poultry feces are mutually cooperateed with stalk in the prior art, with Chinese patent For " a kind of livestock and poultry feces couple returning to the field method with stalk " (publication number CN104945146B), this method first sends out waste Ferment makes its dry matter content be reduced to 20~40%, and addition fermentation is micro- into Animal fecal pollution by adding water to increase fecaluria moisture Biology starting fermentation, the time 10~20 days；Before application, 1% chemically synthesized water-retaining agent is added into livestock and poultry feces；Use agriculture Stalk is crushed to 2~5cm by equipment, and is laid in furrow；Livestock and poultry feces mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in powder with equipment is sprayed Above broken stalk, mixed liquor is made to cover stalk；Using the broken former ridge ridge Qi Xin of big machinery, livestock and poultry feces and stalk are embedded in soil It in earth, then suppresses, next year (lower stubble) crop is planted on new ridge.Although this method is realized to livestock and poultry feces in straw-returning In comprehensive utilization, but process layer face have following many defects.
1, poultry waste preferably directly processes organic fertilizer because its water content is low, and total solids content is general in live pig, milk cow waste All over less than 15%, this method can not be used, is not met currently practical:
Due to poultry farming cleaning up excrement simple process, moisture content is low to be very suitable to processing organic fertilizer.Environmental Protection Department publication " livestock and poultry breeding industry pollution prevention technique policy " (ring sends out [2010] No. 151), which explicitly points out, cheaply carries out aerobic compost to poultry-dung Fermentation harmless treatment, processes organic fertilizer, implements cropland application locally.In addition, China live pig, dairy cow farm are general at present Excrement technique is rushed all over using backward bubble excrement technique and more backward water, total solids content is generally less than 15% in waste, very To being lower than 10%, can not be handled using this method.
2, plus water adjusts waste dry matter content, and waste water resource not only increases livestock and poultry feces processing difficulty, but also increases Livestock and poultry feces transport and spray cost, injure arable land:
" minimizing " (reducing sewage quantity) is three Main ways (minimizing, innoxious, money of livestock and poultry cultivation night soil processing One of source)." livestock and poultry breeding industry pollution prevention technique policy " (ring sends out [2010] No. 151) of Environmental Protection Department publication clearly refers to " it should gradually carry out dry cleaning up excrement mode, reduce the generation and discharge of waste water to the maximum extent, reduce the pollutional load of waste water " out.Add Water adjusts waste dry matter content, not only causes the waste of water resource, increases the pollutional load of waste water, also add vehicle Livestock and poultry feces number and cost are transported and spray, compacting arable land is unfavorable for subsequent site preparation and plantation.
3, chemical water-retaining agent is introduced in agricultural production, had not only increased cost but also the development for being not suitable with Modern Green agricultural is wanted It asks.
4, livestock and poultry feces returning to the field amount is without scientific basis.
5, new ridge soil texture seriously affects next year (lower stubble) plant growth, under the conditions of can not accomplishing not influence crop-planting Returning total stalks into fields:
Stalk this season in new ridge cannot thorough decomposition, will lead to that soil is excessively loose, and soil moisture conservation performance is poor, along in recent years Come that northeast spring rainfall is much lower compared with former years, and bulk density is light, influences taking root and surviving for second stubble crop, be short of seedling (runt seedling) etc. occur Phenomenon easily lodges after strain, seriously affects next year (lower stubble) plant growth.This method can not accomplish not influencing crop-planting condition Lower returning total stalks into fields.
6, next year (lower stubble) crop disease and insect aggravates:
Stalk layer in new ridge is thicker, and middle lower layer's stalk this season degradation is slow, especially the winter of the very long cold in the Northeast Season, microorganism decomposition metabolic activity almost stagnated.The pathogen and pest remained in these undegradable stalks readily becomes The bacterium source of next year (lower stubble) crop disease and insect and insects sources, cause next year (lower stubble) crop disease and insect aggravate, reduction make produce Amount and quality increase farmer's control cost.
7, it needs large farm machinery to carry out brokenly the former ridge ridge Qi Xin and suppression, improves returning to the field cost, and have damage to arable land, Farmer's resentment is serious.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to be directed to the technological deficiency of the prior art, a kind of livestock and poultry feces are provided and spray stalk flour returning to the field side Method, to solve in the prior art, it is difficult to the technical issues of being recycled to the realization of the agricultural wastes such as livestock and poultry feces and stalk.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that promoting returning to the field technique to the facilitation effect of soil quality.
The invention solves another technical problem be: total solids content is generally less than in most of live pigs, milk cow waste 15%, it can not be handled using existing method.
The invention solves another technical problem be: existing method is needed into waste plus water is to adjust waste dry matter Content not only increases livestock and poultry feces processing difficulty, transports and spray cost, also injures arable land.
The invention solves another technical problem be: existing method introduces chemicals.
The invention solves another technical problem be: existing method livestock and poultry feces returning to the field amount is without scientific basis.
The invention solves another technical problem be: in existing method, the stalk this season of returning to the field cannot thorough decomposition, newly Ridge soil texture is loose, seriously affects next year (lower stubble) plant growth, can not accomplish that stalk is complete under the conditions of not influencing crop-planting Measure returning to the field.
The invention solves another technical problem be: existing method will lead to next year (lower stubble) crop disease and insect aggravate.
The invention solves another technical problem be: existing method needs large farm machinery, and returning to the field is at high cost and destroys The defects of arable land.
To realize the above technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method, comprising the following steps:
1) corn stalk powder is broken to length≤10cm while harvest using corn combine to corn, Even throwing is dissipated in field；
2) corn stover for being scattered in 8 ridges is gathered in intermediate 2 ridges using tractor traction graduated dial formula rake；
3) livestock and poultry feces stored in farm's oxidation pond are taken, decomposition microorganism is added thereto with the ratio of 0.1%w/w Preparation stirs evenly, and mixture is then uniformly sprayed to stalk surface；
4) after the waste natural air drying of stalk surface, being crushed to length is 2~5cm, then smashed product is equal It is even to shed in field, while Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is sprayed to field；
5) stalk is turned over by precession arable layer using the tractor traction rotary cultivator not less than 55 horsepowers, raked；Or using not Tractor traction hydraulic reversing plough less than 90 horsepowers, which ploughs stalk, to bury, and stalk is turned to arable layer, is suppressed after raking.
In above technical scheme, corn combine engine speed should be controlled during the stalk coarse crushing And operating speed, it is ensured that straw chopping quality；The position for adjusting gauge wheel, keeps reasonable root stubble height, prevents that blade beats soil. The waste period of storage should meet that " Ministry of Agriculture is about printing and distributing " livestock and poultry feces resource utilization action scheme (2017-2020 Year) " notice " " livestock and poultry feces recycling treatment mode " requirement for requiring and its recommend in (agriculture and animal husbandry send out (2017) No. 11).Institute The waste amount of spraying stated is formulated according to crop fertilizer requirement, livestock and poultry type and cleaning up excrement mode.According to statistics, national cereal crops nitrogen Fertile average dose is in 200kg/hm2.National muck nitrogen environment safety standard is constrained to 175kg/hm2(data source: " scale poultry The appraisal procedure and case study of the farmland digestion capability of fowl cultivation ", Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house, in September, 2016). Some researches show that, organic fertilizer nitrogen and chemical fertilizer with ratio of applying when being 40~60%, it can be achieved that crop maximum output and not causing additional Environmental problem, therefore use not higher than 100kg this dose (data source: " fowl and animal excrement application technology as the second resource --- kind Support binding pattern ", Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house, in November, 2016).According to every pig according to excrement manner of cleaning up not With generation 0.15~0.3m3 waste daily, daily nitrogen discharged 0.03kg；Every chicken generates 0.12kg waste, daily nitrogen row daily Put 0.0012kg.Solid store nitrogen nutrient retention ratio be 63.5% (data source: " bearing capacity of the ground measuring and calculating technical manual ", in Agricultural publishing house of state, in November, 2017).Accordingly, per hectare farmland can dissolve 78~157m3Pig farm waste or 15.7t chicken manure.
Preferably, per hectare arable land highest application nitrogen standard is no more than 100kg in step 3).
Preferably, arable layer described in step 5) is depth≤20cm soil layer；It ploughs described in step 5) and to bury Depth is 20~25cm.
Preferably, in step 4 to the stalk for having sprayed waste be using 90 horsepowers of tractor traction stalk crashers into What row crushed；Crushed products are uniformly shed with the operation of pulverizer in field；The Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is It is sprayed using the powder blower execution for being equipped on tractor.
Preferably, stalk guarantees root stubble height < 5cm during crushing, while blade being avoided to beat soil in step 1).
Preferably, the livestock and poultry feces are storage innoxious livestock and poultry feces more than half a year in farm's oxidation pond.
Preferably, decomposition microorganism formulation described in step 3) is by bacillus, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, trichoderma group At composite bacteria agent, wherein viable count >=100 × 108cfu/g；Product should meet " organic matter decomposing inoculant " (NY 609- 2002) standard.
Preferably, the time of natural air drying described in step 4) is no more than for 24 hours；To avoid nitrogen a large amount of in waste with ammonia Form loss.
Preferably, the stalk crasher, which needs to install additional behind pulverizer, hugs grass with spring recuperator means structure Rake, buck rake cover pulverizer rear portion, will not be poured on the whole bar stalk in field or length >=10cm by what combine harvester crushed Longer straw field pickup and adequately crushed.
Preferably, stalk crasher used in step 4) adds the spray that raises up when wind-force is more than or equal to 4 rank Cylinder；When wind-force is less than 4 grades, then do not have to that the spray canister that raises up is installed, stalk can uniformly be drifted by wind-force to field.
Preferably, step 4) the Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum and 769 bacterium of streptomycete Product after the mass mixings such as agent, the content of beauveria bassiana is 10 × 10 in the beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum8Cfu/g, it is described The content of 769 microbial inoculum Streptomyces 769 of streptomycete is 106cfu/g；The amount of application of Resistant microbial dry powder preparation in step 4) For 2.5~5kg of per hectare farmland.
The present invention provides a kind of livestock and poultry feces to spray stalk flour returning to the field method.The technical solution enters complete ripeness in corn It after phase, is harvested using corn combine, while corn stover is subjected to coarse crushing, then shed in field；Then take Livestock and poultry feces are sprayed on stalk surface after mixing with decomposition microorganism, do further crushing immediately after its natural air drying, and with Tractor traveling uniformly sheds it in field, while spraying Resistant microbial dry powder preparation to field, most afterwards through rotary tillage or Turning over to bury is evenly distributed on the stalk for being mixed with waste among topsoil, completes entire returning to the field technique.The present invention can largely dissolve livestock and poultry Excrement and stalk improve the soil organism and nutrient content, improve soil texture and soil moisture content, and culture fertility realizes Black soil Continuous utilization.Meanwhile this method is easy to operate, is easily achieved, is low in cost, thus there is promotion prospect outstanding.
Technical effect of the invention also embodies a concentrated reflection of in the following areas:
1, agricultural wastes recycle, and protect environment
The present invention is connected livestock and poultry breeding industry closely with planting industry, realizes cultivation waste and the nearest cropland application of stalk, Accomplish that two kinds of agricultural wastes resource recyclings of feces of livestock and poultry and stalk utilize, has effectively reduced face caused by these wastes Source pollution, realizes agroecological benign cycle, is conducive to agricultural sustainable development, has good ecological benefits and society Benefit.
2, it can largely dissolve livestock and poultry cultivation waste while accomplish returning total stalks into fields
Per hectare farmland of the present invention can dissolve 78~157m3Pig breeding farm waste or 15.7t chicken manure meet country to poultry The bearing capacity of the ground requirement of fowl treatment for cow manure.Flour is carried out to the stalk after spraying waste using stalk crasher, by straw powder It is broken to 2~5cm, increases the surface area that stalk particle is contacted with waste, microorganism, moisture, soil, stalk can be accelerated in soil Middle decomposition.Smashed stalk particle is uniformly shed in field, and stalk consumption amount in unit area soil is reduced.Pass through rotation Ploughing or turning over to bury is evenly distributed on the stalk for being mixed with waste among topsoil, further reduces stalk in unit volume and dissolves Amount, it is unobvious to the change of soil physics structure, it is small on soil weight influence, next year (rear stubble) crop-planting is not influenced, is really done Returning total stalks into fields is arrived.
3, livestock and poultry feces consumption amount formulates rationally science
The waste amount of spraying of the present invention is formulated according to crop fertilizer requirement, livestock and poultry type and cleaning up excrement mode.According to statistics, national Cereal crops nitrogenous fertilizer average dose is in 200175kg/hm2.National muck nitrogen environment safety standard is constrained to 175kg/hm2(data Source: " appraisal procedure and case study of the farmland digestion capability of scale animal and poultry cultivation ", Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology are published Society, in September, 2016).Some researches show that organic fertilizer nitrogen and chemical fertilizer are matched when ratio of applying is 40~60%, it can be achieved that crop most high yield Additional environmental problem is measured and do not caused, therefore uses and is not higher than this dose (data source: " fowl and animal excrement recycling of 100kg Utilization technology --- breeding binding pattern ", Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house, in November, 2016).According to every pig according to excrement Just the difference of manner of cleaning up generates 0.15~0.3m daily3Waste, daily nitrogen discharged 0.03kg；Every chicken generates 0.12kg daily Waste, daily nitrogen discharged 0.0012kg.It is 63.5% (data source: " bearing capacity of the ground measuring and calculating that solid, which stores nitrogen nutrient retention ratio, Technical manual ", Chinese agriculture publishing house, in November, 2017).Accordingly, per hectare farmland can dissolve 78~157m3Pig farm waste Or 15.7t chicken manure, meet bearing capacity of the ground requirement of the country to livestock and poultry feces processing.
4, it reduces chemical fertilizer application, promote soil fertility, protection blackland
The present invention can effectively improve soil, improve the soil organism and nutrient content, significantly reduce applying for the fertilizer such as nitrogenous fertilizer Dosage, highest can reduce by 50% amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer.The present invention can also improve soil texture and soil moisture content, and culture fertility is realized black The continuous utilization of soil resource.The present invention subtracts for the chemical fertilizer that country formulates to be applied synergy strategy and provides effective technology branch Support.
5, the present invention be it is a kind of it is easy to operate, to arable land destroy it is small, easily with duplication, it is low in cost, can promote, sustainable Animal waste and straw utilization technology
Livestock and poultry feces of the present invention, which spray stalk flour returning to the field method, only needs 5 steps.Tractor horsepower used in the present invention does not surpass 90 are crossed, compared to 150 horsepowers of tractors used in other returning to the field methods, the present invention destroys arable land small.Graduated dial needed for the present invention The agricultural machinery and implement such as formula rake, stalk crasher, rotary cultivator or pivot plow be current farmer generally possess or easily with buy, nothing Expensive acquisition expenses need to be put into.The method of the present invention per hectare processing cost is only 500~1000 yuan, and more simple stalk is ploughed deeply Returning to the field is 500~1000 yuan low, is one kind animal waste low in cost, convenient for popularization and straw utilization technology.
6, be effectively reduced next year (rear stubble) crop disease and insect cause harm degree, reduce chemical pesticide amount of application
The Resistant microbial dry powder preparation being sprayed onto field can effectively kill in stalk remaining pathogen and Pest reduces next year (rear stubble) crop disease and insect and causes harm degree, and reduces chemical pesticide amount of application and prevention and treatment in planting process Investment, meets green agriculture growth requirement.Beauveria bassiana is one of most widely used disinsection fungal in the world, can be parasitic 6 Ge Mu, 15 section, 200 various insects, are widely used in biological control of insect pests.Team of the present invention always works on beauveria bassiana biology Study on prevention and application, wherein " beauveria bassiana envelope pile prevents and treats corn borer technology " liaison is listed in Jilin Province's plantation owner for many years One of push technology, team's research achievement " initiative of beauveria bassiana green prevention and control corn borer key technology and application " of the present invention obtain 2017 annual Jilin Province's scientific and technological progress first prizes.Streptomycete " 769 " be applicants have discovered that it is micro- with broad-spectrum disease resistance effect Biology once won nineteen eighty-three degree national science and technology invention second prize.In recent years, research also showed beauveria bassiana and strepto- both at home and abroad Bacterium " 769 ", which also has, improves utilization rate of fertilizer effect, promotes plant growth, extraneous root, and strong sprout increases yield.Two kinds of microorganism systems Agent is team agglomeration of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the topsoil figure using soil after the method for the present invention returning to the field 1 year；Part A is sprayed using livestock and poultry feces in figure Topsoil picture after the progress of stalk flour returning to the field method straw-returning 1 year；Part B is that returning to the field method is ploughed deeply using stalk in figure Topsoil picture after carrying out straw-returning 1 year.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.In order to avoid excessive unnecessary details, It will not be described in detail in following embodiment to belonging to well known structure or function.Approximation used in following embodiment Language can be used for quantitative expression, show to allow quantity to have certain variation in the case where not changing basic function.It is fixed except having Adopted outer, technical and scientific term used in following embodiment has the phase being commonly understood by with those skilled in the art of the invention Same meaning.
Embodiment 1
Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method, comprising the following steps:
1, coarse crushing is carried out to stalk when harvesting corn
After corn enters full ripe stage, harvested using corn combine, at the same by corn straw smashing (length < 10cm), root stubble height < 5cm, and uniformly throw and dissipate in field.
2, gather stalk
The corn stover for being scattered in 8 ridges is gathered in intermediate 2 ridges using tractor traction graduated dial formula rake.
3, waste and decomposition microorganism formulation are sprayed
Suction-type sewer scavenger is drawn in pig breeding farm oxidation pond and stores waste, and decomposition is added into suction-type sewer scavenger by 0.1% (w/w) Microorganism formulation.After mixing, mixture is uniformly sprayed to stalk surface, application nitrogen standard in per hectare arable land is 50kg.
4, flour is shed, sprays biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicament
Waste sprays rear natural air drying, carries out flour processing immediately.Using the modified stalk of 90 horsepowers of tractor tractions Pulverizer crushes the stalk for having sprayed waste, 2~5cm of length after crushing, the stalk crushed with the traveling of tractor Uniformly shed in field.A powder blower is carried on pulverizer, sprays Resistant microorganism to field while crushing Dry powder formulations.
5, rotary tillage soil-working
Using 55 horsepowers and stalk is turned in precession topsoil (≤20cm) by the above mating rotary cultivator of tractor traction, is raked i.e. It can.
Wherein, corn combine engine speed and operating speed should be controlled during the stalk coarse crushing, Ensure straw chopping quality；The position for adjusting gauge wheel, keeps reasonable root stubble height, prevents that blade beats soil.
The waste is storage innoxious waste more than half a year in pig breeding farm oxidation pond.
The pig-breeding waste amount of spraying is formulated according to crop fertilizer requirement, livestock and poultry type and cleaning up excrement mode.According to Statistics, national cereal crops nitrogenous fertilizer average dose is in 200kg/hm2.National muck nitrogen environment safety standard is constrained to 175kg/hm2 (data source: " appraisal procedure and case study of the farmland digestion capability of scale animal and poultry cultivation ", Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology Publishing house, in September, 2016).Some researches show that, organic fertilizer nitrogen and chemical fertilizer with ratio of applying when being 40~60%, it can be achieved that crop most High yield and additional environmental problem is not caused, therefore used not higher than this dose (data source: " fowl and animal excrement money of 100kg Source utilization technology --- breeding binding pattern ", Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house, in November, 2016).It is adopted according to every pig 0.15m3 waste is generated daily with bubble excrement cleaning up excrement technique, daily nitrogen discharged 0.03kg.Solid stores nitrogen nutrient retention ratio 63.5% (data source: " bearing capacity of the ground measuring and calculating technical manual ", Chinese agriculture publishing house, in November, 2017).It is computed, often Hectare farmland can dissolve 39m3Pig breeding farm waste through bubble excrement process.
The composite bacteria agent that the decomposition microorganism formulation is made of bacillus, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, trichoderma is purchased from river Bioisystech Co., Ltd of Su Lv section, product meet " organic matter decomposing inoculant " (NY 609-2002) standard, and living bacteria count >= 100×108cfu/g；
The natural air drying time is 7h, is lost in the form of ammonia to avoid nitrogen a large amount of in waste；
The stalk crasher needs to install additional the buck rake for having spring recuperator means structure behind pulverizer, and buck rake will Pulverizer rear portion covers, by not by combine harvester crush be poured on the whole bar stalk in field or the longer stalk of length >=10cm is picked up It picks up and is adequately crushed；
The flour sheds method and does not have to then install the spray canister that raises up below fresh breeze power, and stalk can be uniform by wind-force It drifts to field；The above stalk crasher of fresh breeze power need to install the matched spray canister that raises up of stalk crasher, using height by flour Stalk uniformly shed in field.
The Biocontrol microorganism microbial inoculum is the compound of two kinds of bacterium of beauveria bassiana and streptomycete " 769 ", and the ball spore is white Stiff bacterial content is 10 × 108Cfu/g, streptomycete " 769 " concentration are 1 × 106Cfu/g, the two 1:1 (w/w) mixing.Per hectare agriculture Field sprays 3kg altogether.
Embodiment 2
Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) corn stalk powder is broken to length≤10cm while harvest using corn combine to corn, Even throwing is dissipated in field；
2) corn stover for being scattered in 8 ridges is gathered in intermediate 2 ridges using tractor traction graduated dial formula rake；
3) livestock and poultry feces stored in farm's oxidation pond are taken, decomposition microorganism is added thereto with the ratio of 0.1%w/w Preparation stirs evenly, and mixture is then uniformly sprayed to stalk surface；
4) after the waste natural air drying of stalk surface, being crushed to length is 2~5cm, then smashed product is equal It is even to shed in field, while Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is sprayed to field；
5) stalk is ploughed using the tractor traction hydraulic reversing plough not less than 90 horsepowers and is buried, stalk is turned into farming Layer, is suppressed after raking.
Wherein, per hectare arable land highest application nitrogen standard is 100kg in step 3).
Arable layer described in step 5) is depth≤20cm soil layer；Ploughed described in step 5) depth buried be 20~ 25cm。
It to the stalk for having sprayed waste is crushed using 90 horsepowers of tractor traction stalk crashers in step 4； Crushed products are uniformly shed with the operation of pulverizer in field；The Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is to utilize to be equipped on What the powder blower execution of tractor sprayed.
In step 1), stalk guarantees root stubble height < 5cm during crushing, while blade being avoided to beat soil.
The livestock and poultry feces are storage innoxious livestock and poultry feces more than half a year in farm's oxidation pond.
The compound bacteria that decomposition microorganism formulation described in step 3) is made of bacillus, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, trichoderma Agent, wherein viable count >=100 × 108cfu/g。
The time of natural air drying described in step 4) is for 24 hours.
Wind-force is 5 grades when step 4) is shed, and stalk crasher used in step 4) adds the spray canister that raises up.
Step 4) the Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is that the quality such as beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum and 769 microbial inoculum of streptomycete are mixed Product after conjunction, the content of beauveria bassiana is 10 × 10 in the beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum8Cfu/g, 769 bacterium of streptomycete The content of agent Streptomyces 769 is 106cfu/g；The amount of application of Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is per hectare agriculture in step 4) Field 5kg.
Embodiment 3
Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) corn stalk powder is broken to length≤10cm while harvest using corn combine to corn, Even throwing is dissipated in field；
2) corn stover for being scattered in 8 ridges is gathered in intermediate 2 ridges using tractor traction graduated dial formula rake；
3) livestock and poultry feces stored in farm's oxidation pond are taken, decomposition microorganism is added thereto with the ratio of 0.1%w/w Preparation stirs evenly, and mixture is then uniformly sprayed to stalk surface；
4) after the waste natural air drying of stalk surface, being crushed to length is 2~5cm, then smashed product is equal It is even to shed in field, while Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is sprayed to field；
5) stalk is turned over by precession arable layer using the tractor traction rotary cultivator not less than 55 horsepowers, raked.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is ploughed deeply with current three provinces in the northeast of China's black soil region using wider stalk for investigating returning to the field method of the present invention Returning to the field method and Contrast on effect without returning to the field.
Experimental field overview
Test city of Gongzhuling of Jilin Province Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science experimental plot (43 ° 31 ' 11.19 " N, 124 ° 47 ' 23.61 " E) it carries out, soil types is haplic phaeozem.This area's weather belongs to the continental monsoon climate in temperate zone, and winter is cold, the summer Season high temperature and rainy, in rain heat same season, average annual precipitation 600mm, average annual temperature is 5.6 DEG C, and temperature on average is during maize growth 19.6 DEG C or so, 125~140d of frost-free period, effective accumulated temperature 2600~3000 DEG C of d, total sunshine time 1220h or so.From 2012 Year, the test area planted always kernel corn, maize planting kind " the first jade 335 " since 2014, and always according to line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 28cm, 55000 plants of hm of density2Carry out productivity plantation.
Experimental design
Experiment set stalk not returning to the field (control, abbreviation CK), stalk ploughs deeply returning to the field (SF), livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour also Field (pig manure, abbreviation ZF) and livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field (chicken manure, abbreviation JF) 4 processing, and each processing sets 3 small Area (is repeated 3 times), the long 20m in experimental plot, wide 26m, area 520m2。
On October 20, autumn in 2016 carries out straw-returning processing to corn stover in experimental plot.
SF is harvested using corn combine, while by corn straw smashing (length < 10cm), graduated dial formula hugs grass Machine gathers stalk, is ploughed deeply stalk to 20~30cm soil layer, Rotary tillage rake using 150 horsepowers of wheeled farm tractor traction pivot plows It is flat.
Application nitrogen standard in ZF and JF per hectare arable land is 100kg, and ZF per hectare farmland sprays 80.7m3Through bubble excrement technique The pig breeding farm waste of processing, JF per hectare farmland spray 16.2t poultry farms waste.ZF and JF is wheeled using 90 horsepowers The mating rotary cultivator of farm tractor traction, which turns over stalk, to be screwed into topsoil.
Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea (nitrogen content 46.6%), and CK group and SF group amount of nitrogen are 200kg/hm2, ZF and JF amount of nitrogen is 100kg/hm2.It is accustomed to referring to current production, by P before broadcasting2O5 100kg/hm2、K2O 100kg/hm2 together, is adopted with nitrogenous fertilizer It takes the mode uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields to make base manure and disposably applies each cell.Maize planting kind is " first jade 335 ", line-spacing 65cm, strain Away from 28cm, 55000 plants/hm of density2, sowing on May 3, after planting the soil moisture conservation of important city pressure, October 5 harvest SF, other management are the same as normal Rule production crop field.
The acquisition and measurement item of sample
Pedotheque (October 5) after harvest corn in 2017 acquires, using 5 point sampling methods, with earth boring auger acquisition 0~ The pedotheque of 20cm soil layer, is fitted into plastic sealing bag, takes back laboratory, rejects animal and plant residuum and stone, mistake after air-drying 10 meshes (2mm) are to be measured.The soil weight and soil moisture content, the content of organic matter, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, speed are measured with core cutter method Nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium is imitated to be measured by Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science Agricultural development quality standard and detection technique research institute.Every cell Sample 50m2Measure maize kernel yield.The leaf blight of corn and corn borer are caused harm reference " staple crops pestforecasting technology Specification application manual " (Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2010 publish) investigated.
Data processing
Test data finishing analysis is carried out using WPS table, production of drawing.
As seen from Table 1, SF changes the soil weight obvious, declines 0.05g/cm compared with CK3, ZF and JF bulk density decline difference 0.03 and 0.02g/cm3.SF, ZF and JF can improve total porosity, field capacity and natural moisture content to a certain extent, But ZF and JF promotes obviously these physical behaviors relative to SF, and wherein ZF and JF ventilation voidage increases separately 9.68% compared with CK With 11.12%, and ZF and JF preserving soil moisture ability also has certain promotion.
The variation of table 1 stalk difference returning to the field mode soil (0~20cm) physical behavior
From Table 2, it can be seen that ZF and JF relative to SF can be obviously improved the soil organism, full phosphorus, full potassium, rapid available phosphorus and Quick-acting potassium content, ZF and JF have good fertilization effect, promotion soil fertility effect obvious.
The variation of table 2 stalk difference returning to the field mode soil (0~20cm) nutrient
Seen from table 3, SF, ZF and JF yield are above CK, and SF improves 1.4%, ZF and improves 3.6%, JF raising 4.4%. The SF leaf blight of corn and corn borer extent of injury ratio CK high, and ZF the and JF leaf blight of corn and the corn borer degree that causes harm are all significant low In CK, illustrate that the Resistant microbial reagent sprayed when returning to the field plays good Resistant effect.
Corn yield variation and the pest and disease damage Occurrence situations of 3 stalk difference returning to the field mode of table
From figure 2 it can be seen that being after stalk flour returning to the field method carries out straw-returning 1 year using livestock and poultry feces spray Have no obvious stalk tissue in topsoil, but it is visible obvious to plough deeply using stalk the topsoil after returning to the field method carries out straw-returning 1 year Stalk tissue.Illustrate almost to be dissolved completely by edaphon using this returning to the field method stalk, better than conventional straw-returning side Method.
The above the results show, in the case where reducing by 50% chemical nitrogen fertilizer, livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field side Method can significantly improve arable layer organic matter, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content, and it is logical to increase soil Permeability and retentiveness promote plant growth to improve yield, and promotion cultivated-land effect is obvious, and can be effectively controlled stalk carrying Pest and disease damage occurs at next year (rear stubble).
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but content is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, It is not intended to limit the invention.All any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. done in application range of the invention, should all It is included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) corn stalk powder is broken to length≤10cm while harvest using corn combine to corn, is uniformly thrown It dissipates in field；
2) corn stover for being scattered in 8 ridges is gathered in intermediate 2 ridges using tractor traction graduated dial formula rake；
3) livestock and poultry feces stored in farm's oxidation pond are taken, decomposition microorganism system is added thereto with the ratio of 0.1%w/w Agent stirs evenly, and mixture is then uniformly sprayed to stalk surface；
4) after the waste natural air drying of stalk surface, being crushed to length is 2~5cm, then smashed product is uniformly thrown It spills in field, while spraying Resistant microbial dry powder preparation to field；
5) stalk is turned over by precession arable layer using the tractor traction rotary cultivator not less than 55 horsepowers, raked；Or it uses and is not less than 90 horsepowers of tractor traction hydraulic reversing plough, which ploughs stalk, to bury, and stalk is turned to arable layer, is suppressed after raking.
2. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that every public affairs in step 3) Just arable land highest application nitrogen standard is no more than 100kg.
3. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that described in step 5) Arable layer is depth≤20cm soil layer；It is 20~25cm that the depth buried is ploughed described in step 5).
4. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that having sprayed in step 4 The stalk for applying waste is crushed using 90 horsepowers of tractor traction stalk crashers；Crushed products with pulverizer fortune Row is uniformly shed in field；The Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is sprayed using the powder blower execution for being equipped on tractor 's.
5. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that in step 1), stalk Guarantee root stubble height < 5cm in crushing process, while blade being avoided to beat soil.
6. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that the livestock and poultry feces It is storage innoxious livestock and poultry feces more than half a year in farm's oxidation pond.
7. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that described in step 3) The composite bacteria agent that decomposition microorganism formulation is made of bacillus, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, trichoderma, wherein viable count >=100 × 108cfu/g。
8. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that described in step 4) The time of natural air drying is no more than for 24 hours.
9. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 4 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that when wind-force be greater than etc. When 4 grades, stalk crasher used in step 4) adds the spray canister that raises up.
10. livestock and poultry feces according to claim 1 spray stalk flour returning to the field method, it is characterised in that step 4) is described anti- Disease pest microbial dry powder preparation is the product after the mass mixings such as beauveria bassiana microbial inoculum and 769 microbial inoculum of streptomycete, the ball spore The content of beauveria bassiana is 10 × 10 in muscardine microbial inoculum8Cfu/g, the content of the 769 microbial inoculum Streptomyces 769 of streptomycete It is 106cfu/g；The amount of application of Resistant microbial dry powder preparation is 2.5~5kg of per hectare farmland in step 4).
CN201811120042.3A 2018-09-25 2018-09-25 Livestock and poultry feces spray stalk flour returning to the field method Pending CN109121528A (en)

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