CN111226786A - Method for screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting - Google Patents
Method for screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226786A CN111226786A CN202010081997.3A CN202010081997A CN111226786A CN 111226786 A CN111226786 A CN 111226786A CN 202010081997 A CN202010081997 A CN 202010081997A CN 111226786 A CN111226786 A CN 111226786A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting proper planting soil, selecting a seedbed which is convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, high in rural chemical quality, high in fertility level and uniform, and irrigating 10 liters of nutrient solution in each square meter of soil; s2, establishing a conventional verticillium wilt breeding garden on a seedbed, collecting the dry branches, fallen leaves, residues and organic fertilizers of the verticillium wilt cotton, fermenting, uniformly mixing with soil, uniformly paving the seedbed, and sowing the treated cotton seeds on the seedbed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, and belongs to the technical field of cotton breeding.
Background
Most of cotton in China is planted in an area with extensive and sparse land, cotton planting labor force in the area is very tight, a large amount of labor force needs to be introduced in every flower picking season, cotton picking cost is continuously increased, and manual cotton picking cannot meet the requirement of large-scale cotton development. Therefore, the vigorous development of the mechanical cotton picking technology is a great measure for improving the economic benefit of Xinjiang cotton production, enriching the cotton planting masses and promoting the modernization of agriculture.
The mechanical cotton harvesting is a necessary way for sustainable development of the cotton industry in China, and the verticillium wilt is a big problem on a mechanical harvesting road all the time, and the existing method for preventing and treating the verticillium wilt comprises crop rotation, planting of disease-resistant varieties, spraying of a bactericide and the like. Wherein, the crop rotation with non-host crops can effectively control soil-borne diseases, but the phenomenon of land competition between grains and cotton in China is serious at present, and the crop rotation measures are difficult to implement. Planting disease-resistant varieties is the most economic and effective measure for preventing and treating the soil-borne vascular bundle diseases, but the verticillium wilt resistance breeding of cotton in China is not remarkably developed at present, most varieties are disease-resistant varieties, and the diseases are still prevalent and cannot be avoided in severe years of verticillium wilt. The spraying of the bactericide has little effect because the bactericide is difficult to reach the vascular bundle part of the plant. Other measures such as microbial agents, resistance inducers and the like have the characteristic of environmental friendliness, but the prevention effect is poor, the harm of the verticillium wilt is difficult to be effectively inhibited, and especially for diseased fields with serious verticillium wilt, most cotton fields are old cotton fields which are continuously made for many years, and cultivation modes such as drip irrigation and straw returning are added, so that the verticillium wilt is seriously generated in successive years, and some cotton fields are even damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and provide a method for screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting.
A method of screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting proper planting soil, selecting a seedbed which is convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, high in rural chemical quality, high in fertility level and uniform, and irrigating 10 liters of nutrient solution in each square meter of soil;
s2, establishing a conventional verticillium wilt breeding garden on a seedbed, collecting withered branches, fallen leaves, residues and organic fertilizers of verticillium wilt cotton, fermenting, uniformly mixing with soil, uniformly paving the seedbed, sowing treated cotton seeds on the seedbed, covering with germ soil after sowing, and controlling the thickness to be 2-5 cm;
s3, selecting complete and full cotton seeds, removing mold and impurities, delinting, drying the delinted cotton seeds in a drying box at 20 ℃, cutting off the seed embryo root end seed coats one by one, then paving the seeds in a seedling tray taking sandy soil as a bud bed, culturing under natural illumination, and obtaining the seedlings for later use after full seedlings grow out;
s4, breeding anti-verticillium wilt cotton, selecting a highly susceptible and stable susceptible contrast, screening out disease-resistant plants by combining an identification standard of anti-verticillium wilt evaluation, randomly emasculating or emasculating, carrying out field hybridization, selecting verticillium wilt bacteria in a breeding garden under high pressure as a parent D1, and screening out disease-resistant plants from the mature plants to obtain an F1 generation;
s5, repeating the step S3 treatment on the anti-disease bacterium F1 generation cottonseed obtained in the step S4, planting in a step S4, directly sowing the F1 generation cottonseed in a breeding garden, removing plants with poor performance, carrying out recovery treatment, selecting anti-disease plants, randomly emasculating or emasculating the plants, adopting interspecific hybridization, and screening out the anti-disease plants after the plants are mature to obtain F2 generation cotton seeds;
s6, directly sowing the F2 generation obtained in the step S5 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F3 generation;
s7, directly sowing the F3 generation obtained in the step S6 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F4 generation;
s8, repeating the steps until the cotton variety with stable performance, good quality and verticillium wilt resistance is obtained.
Preferably, the nutrient solution comprises 15-20 g of sodium chloride, 2-5 g of magnesium chloride, 5-8 g of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 g of calcium chloride, 1-2 g of potassium chloride and 1-2 g of sodium bicarbonate per liter.
Preferably, the number of seedlings in the step S3 is not more than 3.
Preferably, the sowing time is 5 months to 6 months, so that the boll opening period of the cotton is concentrated in the autumn high-vigor season with little rain.
Preferably, the number of planted rows of each variety of the breeding garden is 4, the length of a field plot is 30-40 meters, the width is 4-5 meters, the row spacing is 1-1.2 meters, the plant spacing is 0.5-0.6 meter, and the planting density is 1500-2000 plants/mu.
Preferably, the step S3 is to spray the leaf surface with the kanamycin sulfate solution with the concentration of 2500-3000ppm, and the plants without yellow spots on the leaves of the cotyledons and true leaves of the single plants are selected as the first treated plants after 6-8 days.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises various animals, plant residues or metabolites, such as human and animal excreta, straws, animal residues, slaughterhouse wastes and the like, and also comprises cake fertilizers (rapeseed cakes, cottonseed cakes, bean cakes, sesame cakes, castor cakes, tea seed cakes and the like), compost, retting fertilizers, stable manures, biogas manures, green manures and the like.
Preferably, the cotton seedlings should be subjected to drought tolerance detection in the process of step-by-step S4-S7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts the growth of the cultivated cotton seeds in soil with diseased thalli every generation, so that the result of the cultivated cotton seeds is more reliable, the new verticillium wilt resistant cotton variety is bred by utilizing the genetic combination of hybridization and selfing purification, and simultaneously drought tolerance detection and insect resistance detection are carried out in the verticillium wilt resistant process, so that the cultivation of the cotton seeds improves the verticillium wilt resistant morbidity, the performance of the cotton is stable, the yield is improved, and the economic benefit of cotton planting is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
S1, selecting proper planting soil, selecting a seedbed which is convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, high in rural chemical quality and high and uniform in fertility level, and irrigating 10 liters of seedbed which is prepared from 15 grams of sodium chloride, 2 grams of magnesium chloride, 5 grams of magnesium sulfate, 1 gram of calcium chloride, 1 gram of potassium chloride and 1 gram of sodium bicarbonate in each square meter of soil;
s2, establishing a seedbed with 4 rows, a field cell with the length of 30 meters, the width of 4 meters, the row spacing of 1 meter, the plant spacing of 0.5 meter and the planting density of 1500 plants/mu of a verticillium wilt breeding garden, collecting deadwood fallen leaves and residues of verticillium wilt cotton and organic fertilizers, fermenting, uniformly mixing with soil, uniformly paving the seedbed, sowing the treated cotton seeds on the seedbed, covering with germ soil after sowing, and controlling the thickness to be 2 cm;
s3, selecting complete and full cotton seeds, removing mold and impurities, delinting, drying the delinted cotton seeds in a drying box at 20 ℃, cutting off the seed embryo root end seed coats one by one, then paving the seeds in a seedling tray taking sandy soil as a bud bed, culturing under natural illumination, and obtaining 1 full seedling for later use after the seedlings grow out;
s4, breeding anti-verticillium wilt cotton, selecting a highly susceptible and stable susceptible contrast, screening out disease-resistant plants by combining an identification standard of anti-verticillium wilt evaluation, randomly emasculating or emasculating, carrying out field hybridization, selecting verticillium wilt bacteria in a breeding garden under high pressure as a parent D1, and screening out disease-resistant plants from the mature plants to obtain an F1 generation;
s5, repeating the step S3 treatment on the anti-disease bacterium F1 generation cottonseed obtained in the step S4, planting in a step S4, directly sowing the F1 generation cottonseed in a breeding garden, removing plants with poor performance, carrying out recovery treatment, selecting anti-disease plants, randomly emasculating or emasculating the plants, adopting interspecific hybridization, and screening out the anti-disease plants after the plants are mature to obtain F2 generation cotton seeds;
s6, directly sowing the F2 generation obtained in the step S5 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F3 generation;
s7, directly sowing the F3 generation obtained in the step S6 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F4 generation;
s8, repeating the steps until the cotton variety with stable performance, good quality and verticillium wilt resistance is obtained.
Example two
S1, selecting proper planting soil, selecting a seedbed which is convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, high in rural chemical quality and high and uniform in fertility level, and irrigating 10 liters of seedbed which is prepared from 17 g of sodium chloride, 3 g of magnesium chloride, 7 g of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 g of calcium chloride, 1.5 g of potassium chloride and 1.5 g of sodium bicarbonate in each square meter of soil;
s2, establishing a seedbed with 4 rows, a field cell with the length of 35 meters, the width of 4.5 meters, the row spacing of 1.1 meters, the plant spacing of 0.55 meter and the planting density of 1700 plants/mu of greensickness breeding garden, collecting dead branches, fallen leaves, residues and organic fertilizers of the greensickness cotton, fermenting, uniformly mixing with soil, uniformly paving the seedbed, sowing the treated cotton seeds on the seedbed, covering with germ soil after sowing, and controlling the thickness to be 3 cm;
s3, selecting complete and full cotton seeds, removing mold and impurities, delinting, drying the delinted cotton seeds in a drying box at 20 ℃, cutting off the seed embryo root end seed coats one by one, then paving the seeds in a seedling tray taking sandy soil as a bud bed, culturing under natural illumination, and obtaining 1 full seedling for later use after the seedlings grow out;
s4, breeding anti-verticillium wilt cotton, selecting a highly susceptible and stable susceptible contrast, screening out disease-resistant plants by combining an identification standard of anti-verticillium wilt evaluation, randomly emasculating or emasculating, carrying out field hybridization, selecting verticillium wilt bacteria in a breeding garden under high pressure as a parent D1, and screening out disease-resistant plants from the mature plants to obtain an F1 generation;
s5, repeating the step S3 treatment on the anti-disease bacterium F1 generation cottonseed obtained in the step S4, planting in a step S4, directly sowing the F1 generation cottonseed in a breeding garden, removing plants with poor performance, carrying out recovery treatment, selecting anti-disease plants, randomly emasculating or emasculating the plants, adopting interspecific hybridization, and screening out the anti-disease plants after the plants are mature to obtain F2 generation cotton seeds;
s6, directly sowing the F2 generation obtained in the step S5 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F3 generation;
s7, directly sowing the F3 generation obtained in the step S6 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F4 generation;
s8, repeating the steps until the cotton variety with stable performance, good quality and verticillium wilt resistance is obtained.
EXAMPLE III
S1, selecting proper planting soil, selecting a seedbed which is convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, high in rural chemical quality and high and uniform in fertility level, and irrigating 10 liters of seedbed which is prepared from 20 grams of sodium chloride, 5 grams of magnesium chloride, 8 grams of magnesium sulfate, 2 grams of calcium chloride, 2 grams of potassium chloride and 2 grams of sodium bicarbonate in each square meter of soil;
s2, establishing a seedbed with 4 rows, a field cell with a length of 40 m, a width of 5 m, a row spacing of 1.2 m, a plant spacing of 0.6 m, a planting density of 2000 plants/mu of verticillium wilt breeding garden, collecting deadwood fallen leaves and residues of verticillium wilt cotton and organic fertilizers, fermenting, uniformly mixing with soil, uniformly paving the seedbed, sowing the treated cotton seeds on the seedbed, covering with germ soil after sowing, and controlling the thickness to be 5 cm;
s3, selecting complete and full cotton seeds, removing mold and impurities, delinting, drying the delinted cotton seeds in a drying box at 20 ℃, cutting off the seed embryo root end seed coats one by one, then paving the seeds in a seedling tray taking sandy soil as a bud bed, culturing under natural illumination, and obtaining 1 full seedling for later use after the seedlings grow out;
s4, breeding anti-verticillium wilt cotton, selecting a highly susceptible and stable susceptible contrast, screening out disease-resistant plants by combining an identification standard of anti-verticillium wilt evaluation, randomly emasculating or emasculating, carrying out field hybridization, selecting verticillium wilt bacteria in a breeding garden under high pressure as a parent D1, and screening out disease-resistant plants from the mature plants to obtain an F1 generation;
s5, repeating the step S3 treatment on the anti-disease bacterium F1 generation cottonseed obtained in the step S4, planting in a step S4, directly sowing the F1 generation cottonseed in a breeding garden, removing plants with poor performance, carrying out recovery treatment, selecting anti-disease plants, randomly emasculating or emasculating the plants, adopting interspecific hybridization, and screening out the anti-disease plants after the plants are mature to obtain F2 generation cotton seeds;
s6, directly sowing the F2 generation obtained in the step S5 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F3 generation;
s7, directly sowing the F3 generation obtained in the step S6 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F4 generation;
s8, repeating the steps until the cotton variety with stable performance, good quality and verticillium wilt resistance is obtained.
In the above embodiment:
detecting the drought tolerance of cotton: measuring the temperature of the leaves marked on each cotton plant by adopting a temperature sensor every day, measuring the temperature of the leaves marked on each cotton plant, calculating the average temperature of the leaves marked on each cotton plant, comparing the measured average temperatures, judging the cotton plant where the leaves with higher average temperature are located as a drought-resistant cotton variety, spraying a kanamycin sulfate solution with the use concentration of 2500-3000ppm for hybridization on the leaf surface, selecting a plant without yellow spots on the leaves of a single cotyledon and true leaves as a first treated plant after 6-8 days, and keeping an insect-resistant gene;
the sowing time is controlled from 5 months to 6 months, so that the boll opening period of the cotton is concentrated in the autumn high-altitude comfortable season with little rain and shade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts the growth of the cultivated cotton seeds in soil with diseased thalli every generation, so that the result of the cultivated cotton seeds is more reliable, the new verticillium wilt resistant cotton variety is bred by utilizing the genetic combination of hybridization and selfing purification, and simultaneously drought tolerance detection and insect resistance detection are carried out in the verticillium wilt resistant process, so that the cultivation of the cotton seeds improves the verticillium wilt resistant morbidity, the performance of the cotton is stable, the yield is improved, and the economic benefit of cotton planting is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting proper planting soil, selecting a seedbed which is convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, high in rural chemical quality, high in fertility level and uniform, and irrigating 10 liters of nutrient solution in each square meter of soil;
s2, establishing a conventional verticillium wilt breeding garden on a seedbed, collecting withered branches, fallen leaves, residues and organic fertilizers of verticillium wilt cotton, fermenting, uniformly mixing with soil, uniformly paving the seedbed, sowing treated cotton seeds on the seedbed, covering with germ soil after sowing, and controlling the thickness to be 2-5 cm;
s3, selecting complete and full cotton seeds, removing mold and impurities, delinting, drying the delinted cotton seeds in a drying box at 20 ℃, cutting off the seed embryo root end seed coats one by one, then paving the seeds in a seedling tray taking sandy soil as a bud bed, culturing under natural illumination, and obtaining the seedlings for later use after full seedlings grow out;
s4, breeding anti-verticillium wilt cotton, selecting a highly susceptible and stable susceptible contrast, screening out disease-resistant plants by combining an identification standard of anti-verticillium wilt evaluation, randomly emasculating or emasculating, carrying out field hybridization, selecting verticillium wilt bacteria in a breeding garden under high pressure as a parent D1, and screening out disease-resistant plants from the mature plants to obtain an F1 generation;
s5, repeating the step S3 treatment on the anti-disease bacterium F1 generation cottonseed obtained in the step S4, planting in a step S4, directly sowing the F1 generation cottonseed in a breeding garden, removing plants with poor performance, carrying out recovery treatment, selecting anti-disease plants, randomly emasculating or emasculating the plants, adopting interspecific hybridization, and screening out the anti-disease plants after the plants are mature to obtain F2 generation cotton seeds;
s6, directly sowing the F2 generation obtained in the step S5 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F3 generation;
s7, directly sowing the F3 generation obtained in the step S6 in a breeding garden, repeating the step S3 to plant one or more lines, isolating and bagging, carrying out selfing, observing and screening superior progeny, removing plants with poor performance, and screening disease-resistant plants after the plants are mature to obtain cotton seeds of the F4 generation;
s8, repeating the steps until the cotton variety with stable performance, good quality and verticillium wilt resistance is obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening for cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting comprises: the nutrient solution per liter comprises 15-20 g of sodium chloride, 2-5 g of magnesium chloride, 5-8 g of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 g of calcium chloride, 1-2 g of potassium chloride and 1-2 g of sodium bicarbonate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening for cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting comprises: the number of seedlings in the step S3 is not more than 3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening for cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting comprises: the sowing time is 5 months to 6 months, so that the boll opening period of the cotton is concentrated in autumn and high-atmosphere season with little rain.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening for cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting comprises: the number of planted rows of each variety of the breeding garden is 4, the length of a field plot is 30-40 meters, the width is 4-5 meters, the row spacing is 1-1.2 meters, the plant spacing is 0.5-0.6 meter, and the planting density is 1500-2000 plants/mu.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening for cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting comprises: the step S3 is to spray the leaf surface with kanamycin sulfate solution with the concentration of 2500-.
7. The method of claim wherein said screening for cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting comprises: the organic fertilizer comprises various animals, plant residues or metabolites, such as human and animal excreta, straws, animal residues, slaughterhouse wastes and the like, and also comprises cake fertilizers (rapeseed cakes, cottonseed cakes, bean cakes, sesame cakes, castor cakes, tea seed cakes and the like), compost, stable manure, biogas manure, green manure and the like.
8. The method of claim wherein said screening for cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting comprises: and carrying out drought tolerance detection on cotton seedlings in the process of S4-S7 after the step-by-step process.
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| CN113278720A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-20 | 浙江农林大学 | Method for identifying transgenic arabidopsis based on Kana spraying |
| CN115349416A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-18 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical harvesting |
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Application publication date: 20200605 |