CN115349416A - Cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical harvesting - Google Patents
Cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical harvesting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for machine harvesting, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting 20 early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties; step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows; step three: mechanically sowing the cotton seeds about 5 months and 20 days, and applying mepiquat chloride to carry out whole-course control on the growth vigor of the cotton seeds in the growth period of the cotton seeds; step four: topping is carried out for 7 months and 20 days; step five: spraying a defoliation ripening agent in 22 days after 9 months, intertilling and weeding in time, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and unifying fertilizer and water management; step six: the representative 20 plants in the middle row of the two repeat cells (excluding the two end plants) were selected as sampling rows. According to the method, 20 early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties are comprehensively analyzed in the planting conditions of Hubei provinces, and the early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties suitable for being planted in Hubei can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of long cotton linter production, in particular to a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for machine harvesting.
Background
Cotton, which is seed fiber of cotton plant of Malvaceae, is native to subtropical zone, has milky flower, turns deep red shortly after blooming and then withers, leaves a small green capsule called boll, has cotton seeds inside, the fuzz on the cotton seeds grows out from the cotton seed epidermis and fills the inside of the boll, the boll cracks when mature, and the soft fiber is exposed, and the fiber is white or white with yellow; cotton is one of important economic crops in the world and plays an important role in the economic development of China and the world;
the existing cotton germplasm resource screening method can not improve the survival rate of cotton seeds, and the main reason is that cotton has certain requirements on the growth environment, such as loose soil which is neutral or weakly alkaline, and in addition, the cotton needs to resist the environment with poor outside in the growth process, so that the survival rate of the existing cotton seeds is not high.
Therefore, we propose a method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for machine harvesting so as to solve the problems set forth above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for machine harvesting, so as to solve the problem that the survival rate of cotton seeds is inconvenient to improve by the existing cotton germplasm resource screening method provided by the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical harvesting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 20 early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties;
step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows;
step three: mechanically sowing the cotton seeds about 5 months and 20 days, and applying mepiquat chloride to carry out whole-course control on the growth vigor of the cotton seeds in the growth period of the cotton seeds;
step four: topping is carried out for 7 months and 20 days;
step five: spraying a defoliation ripening agent in 22 days after 9 months, intertilling and weeding in time, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and unifying fertilizer and water management;
step six: a representative 20 plants (excluding two end plants) in the middle row of each duplicate cell were selected as sampling rows:
s1, taking the repeated average value of two times from the number of days from seedling emergence to boll opening;
s2, investigating the first fruit branch node after the bud emergence of cotton;
s3, investigating properties such as plant height, single plant fruit branch number, single plant boll number and the like in 9 months and 15 days;
step seven: the growth period indexes are as follows:
in order to ensure that the sowing time of the wheat and the cotton can be effectively connected, the growth period of the cotton variety after direct sowing of the wheat is within 110 days;
step eight: agronomic character indexes:
(1) the plant height of the population is controlled to be 80-120 cm;
(2) the height of the first fruit branch from the ground is more than 20cm;
(3) the plant type is compact, fruit branches are lifted, and the angle between the fruit branches and the main stem is less than or equal to 45 degrees;
(4) the length of the fruit branches is less than or equal to 25cm;
(5) the stalks and fruit branches are firm and elastic, are not easy to bend and do not fall down;
(6) the ring forming performance is strong;
step nine: determining an economic trait comprising:
(1) the seeds are more than 11.5, the germination potential is strong, the early germination is promoted, and the whole seedlings are sown at one time;
(2) the weight of a single bell is 5.5-6.0 g;
(3) the yield of seed cotton per mu is more than 200kg, and the yield of ginned cotton is more than 80 kg;
(4) the clothes score is about 40 percent;
(5) the boll-forming and boll-opening are centralized, and the boll-containing capability is moderate. The yield of the cotton boll in about 40 days after the cotton bolls appear in the cotton field reaches more than 95 percent;
step ten: determining stress resistance, comprising:
(1) high temperature resistance. The field temperature can reach more than 37 ℃ in 7-8 months, the cotton boll stage is positive, the fertility of the pollen is seriously influenced, and the selection of high-temperature-resistant cotton varieties is the basic condition required by machine-harvested cotton varieties. Therefore, the mechanical cotton picking should screen varieties resistant to high temperature of more than 37 ℃.
(2) Resisting wilt and verticillium wilt. High resistance to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt.
(3) Preventing peach rot. The cotton anthracnose, cotton red rot, cotton pink disease, cotton black fruit disease and other varieties are selected to reduce the rotten peach rate in rainy season.
Step eleven: and (3) measuring the fiber quality:
the production of the machine-harvested cotton with excellent quality and meeting the cotton use requirements of cotton spinning enterprises is the core of improving the market competitiveness and realizing the high quality and high price of the machine-harvested cotton in the cotton industry. The fiber quality of cotton varieties suitable for mechanical picking can reach more than 'double 30': the average length of the upper half part of the cotton fiber is more than 31mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30.0cN & tex-1, and the micronaire value is 3.8-4.5;
step twelve: sensitivity to defoliants:
the mechanical top-grade variety is required to be sensitive to the defoliant so as to improve the spraying quality and defoliation effect of defoliation ripening, reduce the pollution of seed cotton, reduce the impurity content of the seed cotton, improve the mechanical picking adaptability and promote the improvement of the mechanical picking quality;
step thirteen: respectively surveying the leaf number and the boll opening number of plants 1 day before spraying the defoliation ripening agent and 15 days after spraying, and calculating the defoliation rate and the boll opening rate;
fourteen steps: analyzing the data by software, analyzing the comprehensive evaluation of the survey indexes of 20 varieties, and screening out cotton varieties suitable for mechanical production in the Hubei region by combining the survey of flocculation force and lodging resistance;
preferably, 20 parts of the cotton varieties in the first step are selected from 10 parts of provincial cotton seeds in Hubei province, and the other 10 parts of provincial cotton seeds in Hubei province.
Preferably, in the 6 rows of the area in the second step, the row length is 30m, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.18m.
Preferably, the defoliation ripening agent adopted in the fifth step is 50% thidiazuron wettable powder 300-450 g/hm 2 With 40% ethylene hydragogue 2250-3000 mL/hm 2 Mixing, adding water 225L/hm 2 And (4) preparing.
4. The method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for machine harvesting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s2 and S3 in the sixth step comprise:
(1) plant height: measuring the length from the cotyledonary node to the top of the main stem;
(2) the first fruit branch node position: measuring the length from the initial node of the cotton plant fruit branch to the ground;
(3) fruit branch angle: measuring the included angle between the inverted 3 fruit branches and the stem by using a protractor;
(4) measuring the length of the third, seventh and tenth fruit branches;
(5) hardness of the stems and fruit branches: observing whether the stems and the fruit branches are bent or not;
(6) number of bolls formed per plant: the number of bolls formed by the cotton plant. The cotton bolls with the diameter of more than 2cm are big bolls, including rotten bolls and boll opening bolls; the bolls smaller than the big bolls and the current day flowers are small bolls, and the number of the 3 small bolls is reduced to 1 big boll.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical harvesting, 20 early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties are comprehensively analyzed in the planting conditions of Hubei provinces, and the early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties suitable for Hubei planting can be obtained.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical harvesting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 20 early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties;
step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows;
step three: mechanically sowing in about 5 months and 20 days, and applying mepiquat chloride to control the growth of cotton seeds in the growing period of the cotton seeds in a whole process;
step four: topping is carried out for 7 months and 20 days;
step five: spraying a defoliation ripening agent in 22 days after 9 months, intertilling and weeding in time, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and unifying fertilizer and water management;
step six: the representative two repeat cell middle row 20 plants (excluding the two end plants) were selected as sampling rows:
s1, taking the repeated average value of two times from the number of days from seedling emergence to boll opening;
s2, investigating the first fruit branch node after the bud emergence of cotton;
s3, investigating properties such as plant height, single plant fruit branch number, single plant boll number and the like in 9 months and 15 days;
step seven: the growth period indexes are as follows:
in order to ensure that the sowing time of the wheat and the cotton can be effectively linked, the growth period of the direct-seeding cotton variety after the wheat is within 110 days;
step eight: agronomic character indexes:
(1) the plant height of the population is controlled to be 80-120 cm;
(2) the height of the first fruit branch from the ground is more than 20cm;
(3) the plant type is compact, fruit branches are lifted, and the angle between the fruit branches and the main stem is less than or equal to 45 degrees;
(4) the length of the fruit branches is less than or equal to 25cm;
(5) the stalks and fruit branches are firm and elastic, are not easy to bend and do not fall down;
(6) the ring forming performance is strong;
step nine: determining an economic trait comprising:
(1) the number of seeds is more than 11.5, the germination vigor is strong, the early germination is promoted, and the whole seedlings are sown at one time;
(2) the weight of a single bell is 5.5-6.0 g;
(3) the yield of seed cotton per mu is more than 200kg, and the yield of ginned cotton is more than 80 kg;
(4) the clothes score is about 40 percent;
(5) the boll-forming and boll-opening are centralized, and the boll-containing capability is moderate. The yield of the cotton boll in the cotton field reaches more than 95 percent after the cotton boll is found in about 40 days;
step ten: determining stress resistance, comprising:
(1) high temperature resistance. The field temperature can reach more than 37 ℃ in 7-8 months, the cotton boll stage is positive, the fertility of the pollen is seriously influenced, and the selection of high-temperature-resistant cotton varieties is the basic condition required by machine-harvested cotton varieties. Therefore, the machine-harvested cotton should be screened for varieties resistant to high temperatures above 37 ℃.
(2) Resisting wilt and verticillium wilt. High resistance to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt.
(3) Preventing peach rot. The cotton anthracnose, cotton red rot, cotton pink disease, cotton black fruit disease and other varieties are selected to reduce the rotten peach rate in rainy season.
Step eleven: and (3) measuring the fiber quality:
the production of the machine-harvested cotton with excellent quality and meeting the cotton use requirements of cotton spinning enterprises is the core of improving the market competitiveness and realizing the high quality and high price of the machine-harvested cotton in the cotton industry. The fiber quality of cotton varieties suitable for mechanical picking can reach more than 'double 30': the average length of the upper half part of the cotton fiber is more than 31mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30.0cN & tex < -1 >, and the micronaire value is 3.8-4.5;
step twelve: sensitivity to defoliants:
the mechanical top-grade variety is required to be sensitive to the defoliant so as to improve the spraying quality and defoliation effect of defoliation ripening, reduce the pollution of seed cotton, reduce the impurity content of the seed cotton, improve the mechanical picking adaptability and promote the improvement of the mechanical picking quality;
step thirteen: respectively surveying the leaf number and the boll opening number of plants 1 day before spraying the defoliation ripening agent and 15 days after spraying, and calculating the defoliation rate and the boll opening rate;
fourteen steps: and analyzing the data by adopting software, analyzing the comprehensive evaluation of the survey indexes of 20 varieties, and screening out cotton varieties suitable for mechanical production in the Hubei region by combining the survey of flocculation force and lodging resistance.
And (3) 20 parts of cotton varieties in the step one, wherein 10 parts of cotton varieties adopt provincial cotton seeds in Hubei province, and the other 10 parts of cotton varieties adopt provincial cotton seeds.
In the second step, the row length of the 6 row area is 30m, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.18m.
The defoliation ripening agent adopted in the step five is 300-450 g/hm of 50% thidiazuron wettable powder 2 With 40% ethylene hydragogue 2250-3000 mL/hm 2 Mixing, adding water 225L/hm 2 And (4) preparing.
S2 and S3 in the sixth step comprise:
(1) plant height: measuring the length from the cotyledonary node to the top of the main stem;
(2) a first fruit branch node position: measuring the length from the initial node of the cotton plant fruit branch to the ground;
(3) fruit branch angle: measuring the included angle between the inverted 3 fruit branches and the stem by using a protractor;
(4) measuring the length of the third, seventh and tenth fruit branches;
(5) hardness of the stems and fruit branches: observing whether the stalks and the fruit branches are bent or not;
(6) number of bolls formed per plant: the number of bolls formed by the cotton plant. The cotton bolls with the diameter of more than 2cm are big bolls, including rotten bolls and boll opening bolls; the bolls smaller than the big bolls and the current day flowers are small bolls, and the number of the 3 small bolls is reduced to 1 big boll.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical harvesting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting 20 early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties;
step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows;
step three: mechanically sowing in about 5 months and 20 days, and applying mepiquat chloride to control the growth of cotton seeds in the growing period of the cotton seeds in a whole process;
step four: topping is carried out for 7 months and 20 days;
step five: spraying a defoliation ripening agent in 22 days after 9 months, intertilling and weeding in time, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and unifying fertilizer and water management;
step six: a representative 20 plants (excluding two end plants) in the middle row of each duplicate cell were selected as sampling rows:
s1, taking the repeated average value of two times from the number of days from seedling emergence to boll opening;
s2, investigating the first fruit branch node after the bud emergence of cotton;
s3, investigating properties such as plant height, single plant fruit branch number, single plant boll number and the like in 9 months and 15 days;
step seven: the growth period indexes are as follows:
in order to ensure that the sowing time of the wheat and the cotton can be effectively connected, the growth period of the cotton variety after direct sowing of the wheat is within 110 days;
step eight: agronomic character indexes:
(1) the plant height of the population is controlled to be 80-120 cm;
(2) the height of the first fruit branch from the ground is more than 20cm;
(3) the plant type is compact, the fruit branches are lifted, and the angle between the fruit branches and the main stem is less than or equal to 45 degrees;
(4) the length of the fruit branches is less than or equal to 25cm;
(5) the stems and the fruit branches are firm and elastic, are not easy to bend and do not fall down;
(6) the ring forming performance is strong;
step nine: determining an economic trait comprising:
(1) the seeds are more than 11.5, the germination potential is strong, the early germination is promoted, and the whole seedlings are sown at one time;
(2) the weight of a single bell is 5.5-6.0 g;
(3) the yield of seed cotton per mu is more than 200kg, and the yield of ginned cotton is more than 80 kg;
(4) the clothes score is about 40 percent;
(5) the boll-forming and boll-opening are centralized, and the boll-containing capability is moderate. The yield of the cotton boll in the cotton field reaches more than 95 percent after the cotton boll is found in about 40 days;
step ten: determining stress resistance, comprising:
(1) high temperature resistance. The field temperature can reach more than 37 ℃ in 7-8 months, the cotton boll stage is positive, the fertility of the pollen is seriously influenced, and the selection of high-temperature-resistant cotton varieties is the basic condition required by machine-harvested cotton varieties. Therefore, the machine-harvested cotton should be screened for varieties resistant to high temperatures above 37 ℃.
(2) Resisting blight and verticillium wilt. High resistance to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt.
(3) Preventing peach rot. The cotton anthracnose, cotton red rot, cotton pink disease, cotton black fruit disease and other varieties are selected to reduce the rotten peach rate in rainy season.
Step eleven: and (3) measuring the fiber quality:
the production of the machine-harvested cotton with excellent quality and meeting the cotton use requirements of cotton spinning enterprises is the core of improving the market competitiveness and realizing the high quality and high price of the machine-harvested cotton in the cotton industry. The fiber quality of cotton varieties suitable for mechanical picking can reach more than 'double 30': the average length of the upper half part of the cotton fiber is more than 31mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30.0cN & tex < -1 >, and the micronaire value is 3.8-4.5;
step twelve: sensitivity to defoliants:
the method requires the extreme mechanical variety to be sensitive to the defoliant so as to improve the spraying quality and the defoliating effect of defoliation ripening, reduce the pollution of the seed cotton, reduce the impurity content of the seed cotton, improve the mechanical picking adaptability and promote the improvement of the mechanical picking quality;
step thirteen: respectively surveying the leaf number and the boll opening number of plants 1 day before spraying the defoliation ripening agent and 15 days after spraying, and calculating the defoliation rate and the boll opening rate;
fourteen steps: and analyzing the data by adopting software, analyzing the comprehensive evaluation of the investigation indexes of 20 varieties, and screening the cotton varieties suitable for mechanized production in the Hubei region by combining the investigation of flocculation capacity and lodging resistance.
2. The method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for machine harvesting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) 20 parts of cotton varieties in the step one, wherein 10 parts of cotton varieties adopt provincial cotton seeds in Hubei province, and the other 10 parts of cotton varieties adopt provincial cotton seeds.
3. The method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for machine harvesting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the row length of the 6 row area is 30m, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.18m.
4. The cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for machine harvesting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the defoliation ripening agent adopted in the fifth step is 50 percent thidiazuron wettable powder 300-450 g/hm 2 With 40% ethylene hydragogue 2250-3000 mL/hm 2 Mixing, adding water 225L/hm 2 And (4) preparing.
5. The cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for machine harvesting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: s2 and S3 in the sixth step comprise:
(1) plant height: measuring the length of the cotyledonary node to the top of the main stem;
(2) the first fruit branch node position: measuring the length from the initial node of the cotton plant fruit branch to the ground;
(3) fruit branch angle: measuring the included angle between the inverted 3 fruit branches and the stem by using a protractor;
(4) measuring the length of the third, seventh and tenth fruit branches;
(5) hardness of the stems and branches: observing whether the stems and the fruit branches are bent or not;
(6) number of bolls per plant: the number of bolls formed by the cotton plant. The cotton bolls with the diameter of more than 2cm are big bolls, including rotten bolls and boll opening bolls; the bolls smaller than the big bolls and the flower in the same day are small bolls, and 3 small bolls are converted into 1 big boll.
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