CN112293246A

CN112293246A - Breeding method of 96A of high-lint high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety

Info

Publication number: CN112293246A
Application number: CN202011240977.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彭凯; 黄殿成; 孙君灵; 张鹏飞; 张西岭
Original assignee: Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-11-09
Filing date: 2020-11-09
Publication date: 2021-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-09
Also published as: CN112293246B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a cotton institute 96A in a high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety. The method comprises the following steps of (1) configuring parent combination, selecting a variety (line) with strong general combining ability and large genetic background difference as a parent; (2) selecting field characters, yield characters and quality characters in the three stages of single plant selection; (3) the breeding in the four seasons breeding garden is accelerated, and the breeding process is accelerated by utilizing the natural climate of Hainan III; (4) selecting high-generation plants, and performing selection identification according to field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance; (5) multi-year multipoint sample ratio test: and obtaining the breeding target strain. The invention solves the problem that high lint and high quality cotton varieties are difficult to coexist, effectively shortens the breeding time, and cultivates the cotton station 96A in the high lint and high quality machine-harvested cotton varieties.

Description

Breeding method of 96A of high-lint high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a cotton institute 96A in a high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety.

Background

The level of mechanization is a standard pole for measuring the modern development level of national agriculture, the cotton production operation of developed countries such as the United states and Australia and the like is completely mechanized, and mechanized cotton planting is a necessary trend of the development of the cotton industry. However, the mechanization level of cotton in China is low, and one of the main reasons is that main cultivated varieties produced in cotton fields can not meet the requirement of mechanical harvesting, and the quality of cotton fibers is reduced due to more impurities in the mechanical harvesting. The method has the advantages of cultivating new varieties of the mechanically harvested cotton with high yield, high lint content and disease resistance, and excellent fiber quality, and has important significance for stabilizing the development of the cotton industry system in China, promoting the comprehensive benefit of cotton planting and ensuring the safety of the national cotton industry.

Cotton has a long planting history in China and is one of important economic crops in China. The cotton planting industry in China is labor-intensive, has many management links, long harvesting period, large amount of labor, poor labor condition and high input cost, and causes low cotton production efficiency and poor scale benefit. Under the environment of the accelerated promotion of agricultural modernization, the current situations of low mechanization degree and poor benefit of cotton production are urgently improved. In order to adapt to mechanical production of cotton, the mechanically harvested cotton variety has the characteristics of good earliness, excellent fiber quality, compact plant type, sensitivity to defoliants, concentrated boll opening and the like. Since 1996, in Xinjiang, through years of experiments, some varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting, such as Xinluzao No. 12, Xinluzao No. 25, Xinluzao No. 33, Xinluzao No. 36, Xinluzao No. 45, Zhongmiao 49 and other varieties of mechanical harvesting cotton, have been screened. The Aksu agricultural technology promotion center provides that No. 36 and No. 49 of the New land have strong lodging resistance, early and concentrated boll opening, are sensitive to defoliants, have compact plant types and are suitable for being used as mechanical cotton varieties in Aksu areas. In recent years, the mechanical cotton picking technology is popularized in a large range, the cotton yield is increased, and the cotton planting benefit is increased continuously, but the quality of Xinjiang raw cotton fiber is greatly reduced, and the main reason is lack of cotton varieties with excellent quality and suitable for mechanical picking. Negative correlation between cotton coat and fiber quality has long plagued cotton breeding workers. The yield character and the fiber quality character of cotton are quantitative characters controlled by multiple genes, are greatly influenced by the environment, and have a certain negative correlation relationship. Shanghai red and the like explore a molecular mechanism of negative correlation between the coat and the fiber quality, which is a cotton fiber yield trait factor, and point out that the negative correlation is difficult to break through by the traditional breeding method. The new land of the machine harvested cotton variety, No. 49, Lei Bian 43-45%, cultivated by the Cotton research institute of Stone river university, has an average length of 29.9mm at the upper half part of HVICC fiber and a breaking ratio strength of 29.8 cN/tex; the 49 cotton seeds in the machine-harvested cotton variety have the clothing score of 41.8 percent, the 2.5 percent span length of ICC fiber of 28.8mm and the specific strength of 21.4cN/tex, and do not break the negative correlation between the clothing score and the fiber quality, which is a main constituent factor of the yield character of the cotton fiber.

At present, the mechanically harvested cotton variety with high lint and excellent quality in domestic main cultivars is still lack, and in the face of the urgent need of domestic textile enterprises for high-quality cotton varieties, the breeding of the mechanically harvested cotton variety with high lint, excellent fiber quality and disease resistance is an urgent work of cotton breeding. The cultivation of new mechanical cotton picking varieties promotes the stable and sustainable development of the cotton industry in China, and has important practical and long-term significance for improving the international competitiveness of the cotton industry in China.

In the prior art, simple inter-variety hybridization is adopted for selecting parent materials, the genetic background is not rich enough, and the close linkage between the control clothing and the fiber quality genes is difficult to break. Or the pure strains are configured and combined, the genetic background is wide, the variation coefficient is large, and the excellent strains are easy to ignore in large-area field selection. Therefore, the requirements of yield and clothes score and the requirements of fiber quality are met from the existing varieties and strains, and materials with strong combining ability and large genetic background difference are selected as parents.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the breeding method of the cotton institute 96A in the high-lint high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety, which is simple and feasible and is easy to operate, optimizes the breeding of the cotton institute 96A in the high-lint high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety with high fiber quality, plans the technical route of the breeding, aims at high-lint and high-quality coexistence of fiber quality, focuses on breeding with high yield, disease resistance and suitability for machine harvesting, has strong target and high selection efficiency, and breeds the new cotton institute 96A in the machine-harvested cotton variety suitable for planting in the Xinjiang early-middle-maturing area.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a breeding method of a cotton institute 96A in a high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety comprises the following steps:

step one, configuring parent combination: in order to realize the breeding goal of coexistence of high clothes score and high quality, excellent parent materials are selected and excellent hybrid combinations are configured. Planting a parent combination meeting the breeding target, hybridizing, and harvesting F1 generations;

step two, selecting single plants for three stages: in order to better cultivate high-lint and high-fiber-quality machine-harvested cotton varieties so as to meet the requirements of textile enterprises on high-quality cotton, three-stage single plant mixed selection is carried out on the F2 generation according to the growth agronomic characters, the yield characters and the fiber quality characters of cotton;

step three, accelerating breeding in a four-season breeding garden: in order to accelerate the screening of plant-row strains with wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, single plants selected from the F2 generation are sealed for selfing, a four-season breeding garden is utilized to continuously generate F3-F9 generations, and variety adaptability screening is carried out between the F3-F9 generations;

step four, selecting the high-generation plants: screening the F9 generation according to the mechanical picking property, the yield property, the quality property and the disease resistance of the plant rows by taking high clothes content and high fiber quality as main targets to obtain the F10 generation;

step five, multi-point product ratio test for years: and comprehensively evaluating field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance to obtain the breeding target strain.

In the configuration of the parent combination in the step one, the simple hybridization between varieties or the hybridization between strains is changed into the hybridization between the varieties and the strains, and the excellent comprehensive properties and the complementary dominant properties of parents are emphasized; the cotton institute 49 of the new variety approved by the approval committee of the Xinjiang crop variety in 2004 was selected as the main parent. The medium cotton institute 49 is used as a female parent, and the medium cotton institute 49 has good high yield, is suitable for mechanical picking and resists blight and verticillium wilt; the middle 221 line is used as a male parent, the middle 221 line is bred by three 9757 multiplied by middle 298 hybridization to form a new line, and the quality traits are as follows: the average length of the upper half part is more than 32.0mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 33.0cN/tex, the verticillium wilt is 21.5, the blight is 9.7, and the clothes score is more than 45.0%.

In the three stage of single plant selection in the second step, the requirements of high-lint and high-quality mechanical cotton variety are as follows: the plant type is compact, the plant height is about 80cm, the height of the first fruit branch is more than 18cm, the stem is strong, the boll opening is concentrated, the storage is moderate, the defoliant is sensitive, the bolling performance is strong, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than or equal to 30mm, and the breaking specific strength is more than or equal to 30 cN/tex. In order to breed a new cotton variety suitable for mechanical picking, single plant mixed selection is carried out from three stages of agronomic characters, yield characters and fiber quality characters on single plant selection.

Further, (1) agronomic trait selection: in order to improve the selection efficiency, the individual plant mixed selection is purposefully carried out according to the requirements of the mechanical cotton picking varieties so as to obtain the plant type suitable for mechanical picking. In the F2 generation, a great deal of selected plants are compact in type and about 80cm in height, II type fruit branches are arranged, the node position of the original fruit branch is more than 5 nodes, the height of the first fruit branch is more than 18cm, the stem strength is high, the hardness is moderate, the pitch of the fruit branches is about 10cm, and the single plant meets the requirement of mechanical cotton picking.

Further, (2) yield trait selection: and (3) selecting single plants in hybrid progeny F2 generation in a mixed manner, analyzing the yield characters of the single plants meeting the mechanical harvesting characteristics, and comprehensively judging the disease resistance, the boll formation, the clothes mark and the earliness of the single plants. Selecting single plants with strong bolling property, single boll weight more than 5.5g, clothing score more than 45.0%, disease resistance and good earliness, and meeting the requirements of mechanical cotton-picking varieties on yield and properties.

Further, (3) quality trait selection: and (3) further selecting the individual plants with excellent fiber quality from the individual plants suitable for mechanical mining and high clothes mark, and breaking the negative correlation relation between the high clothes mark and the fiber quality. Selecting a single plant with a hand feeling stretching length larger than 32.0mm in a test field, detecting the fiber quality of the single plant according to a cotton quality supervision and detection test center in rural areas, and further selecting a single plant with the average length of the upper half part of the fiber larger than or equal to 32.0mm and the breaking ratio strength larger than or equal to 32.0 cN/tex.

In the four-season breeding nursery accelerated breeding, the four-season breeding nursery reduces the vegetative growth time during the growth period of cotton, increases the reproductive growth time, and integrally shortens the growth period of the cotton so as to achieve the breeding purpose of three generations in one year. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) planting the F3 generation in a three-season breeding garden in Hainan in the same winter as the F2 generation, adding generations, and selecting a single plant which is suitable for stronger harvest;

(2) f4 generations are planted in Xinjiang in spring of the next year, the yield character, the quality character and the disease resistance are identified, plant rows with the clothing content of more than 45.0 percent, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber of more than 32.0mm, the specific strength of more than 32.0cN/tex and disease resistance are selected, and F5 generations are planted in a three-season breeding garden in Hainan in the same winter after harvesting;

(3) and after harvesting in the early 3 months of the next year, immediately sowing the F6 generation which is the first generation of the three generations in the next year, fixing seedlings in time after seedlings are aligned, starting to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests after seedling emergence for about one week, carrying out first pruning and chemical prevention and control after sowing for one month, removing leaf branches and old leaves at the bottom, carrying out second and multiple times of pruning and chemical prevention and control according to actual conditions in the later period, starting topping when the cotton plants grow to 2 fruit branches to ensure that the cotton is completely mature in a shorter time, and carrying out selfing in the flowering period to ensure the purification of plant rows. The F7 generation is sown immediately after harvest in the early 7 th month in the same year, attention should be paid to the high-temperature weather in Hainan in 5-7 months, cotton is easy to blossom and sterile, and the cotton blooms and does not bear boll, at the moment, the temperature and ventilation of a four-season breeding garden are adjusted, and sun shading and cooling treatment are carried out. Sowing the F8 generation immediately after harvesting in the first 11 months in the same year, in order to ensure the seed harvesting amount of the F9 generation and increase the sowing area of the plant rows appropriately;

(4) and F9 generations are harvested at the end of 3 months in another year, and 120 strains with the fiber length larger than 32mm are identified in the F9 generations through screening according to hand feeling stretching.

And in the selection of the high-generation plant rows in the fourth step, harvesting F9 generations of F9 generations of 120 plant rows simultaneously planted in Xinjiang and yellow county in Anyang in the same spring. 120 strains are planted in the place before the factory with the heaviest diseases in the original seed field in the yellow county, resistance identification of blight and verticillium wilt is carried out, and 50 strains with regular growth and strong disease resistance are selected in the field during harvesting. 120 strains are respectively planted in a disease nursery field with serious blight and verticillium wilt of cotton and a disease-free high-yield field in Xinjiang, disease resistance identification and high-yield identification of the blight and verticillium wilt are carried out, a plant row with the yield of more than 360 kg/mu is selected by measuring the yield, and more than 40 strains which are neat in growth, suitable for mechanical harvesting, good in high-yield and strong in disease resistance are selected according to the field after harvesting in autumn. The plant row cotton samples are taken and sent to a cotton quality supervision and detection test center of Ministry of agriculture for detection, field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance of yellow and Xinjiang in Henan are comprehensively evaluated, and 19 plant lines are further screened out, wherein the quality and the shape are as follows: the average length of the upper half part of HVICC fiber is greater than 32.0mm, the breaking ratio strength is greater than 32.0cN/tex, the wilt disease index is less than 11.7, the greensickness disease index is less than 24.8, and the clothing score is greater than 42.0%.

In the multi-year multi-point comparison test in the fifth step, 19 strains participate in the multi-point variety comparison test in Xinjiang in the spring of the next year, the comprehensive evaluation of field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance is carried out, and the cotton institute 96A in the new strain is selected. In the next four years, the 96A of the Mitsuga institute participates in multi-point variety comparison tests for many years in Xinjiang, and the 96A of the Mitsuga institute is high in clothing content, excellent in fiber quality, resistant to blight and verticillium wilt, good in mechanical picking performance and suitable for planting in early and middle maturing areas in Xinjiang.

Has the advantages that: the invention breaks through the negative correlation relationship of high clothes content and fiber quality characters by the selective matching of parent combination and the accelerated and directional screening of post-hybridization ecological and four-season breeding gardens, polymerizes the high clothes content and the excellent fiber quality genes, and cultivates the cotton institute 96A of the mechanical picking cotton variety which has high clothes content, disease resistance, suitability for mechanical picking and excellent fiber quality. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) the invention cultivates a new variety of the mechanically-harvested cotton with high clothing fraction and high quality, breaks through the negative correlation between the clothing fraction and the fiber quality, and solves the contradiction between the requirement of farmers on the yield clothing fraction and the requirement of textile enterprises on the quality. The prior machine-harvested cotton variety has high lint and poor fiber quality, excellent fiber quality has low lint and low yield, fiber quality is damaged due to mechanical harvesting, the requirements of textile enterprises can not be met, and a proper high-lint high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety is lacked in production. The method provided by the invention cultivates the cotton institute 96A in the high-lint high-quality mechanical cotton-picking variety, and changes the narrow genetic background of hybridization between the variety and the variety by utilizing the hybridization between the variety and the strain, so that the close linkage relationship between the lint and the fiber quality is difficult to break. The problems that the genetic stability of the cross between strains is poor, the screening and identification of cross offspring are difficult, and the stable excellent strains are not easy to find due to large-area field selection are avoided. Through a carefully planned breeding route, the offspring of the excellent hybrid combination is screened and identified. The method comprises the following steps of utilizing three stages of single plant mixed selection, firstly carrying out screening and identification on agricultural characters in the field, and emphasizing on comprehensive judgment of mechanical mining performance. Secondly, a four-season breeding garden is established to accelerate the breeding process by utilizing the good light and warm water conditions of Hainan, the selection of F5-F8 generations is completed quickly, and the selection of variety adaptability is enhanced. And finally, identifying the plant rows (lines) of the high generation, paying attention to the field characters, the yield characters, the quality characters and the disease resistance, analyzing the yield characters, comprehensively evaluating the plant rows and identifying the high-lint, high-quality and disease-resistant mechanically-harvested cotton lines. By the configuration of excellent hybridization combination and a careful and highly-targeted breeding route, the new variety of the mechanically harvested cotton with high lint and high quality, namely the cotton institute 96A, is cultivated, and the negative correlation relationship between the lint and the fiber quality is broken;

(2) the four-season cotton breeding nursery is established, continuous planting in four seasons of a year is realized, and the problems of one generation of the year and long traditional breeding period are solved. Cotton is a crop which is pleased with warm and light, and the growth and development of the cotton are controlled by adjusting the light temperature. The average temperature in three decades in Hainan is about 25.4 ℃, the daily time in the Hainan is between 1750 and 2560 hours, and the method has excellent geographical conditions for establishing the four-season breeding garden. The cotton is a crop with frequent cross pollination, the natural hybridization rate is 5-10%, the genetic characters of the advanced generation (F5-F8) cotton are relatively stable, the time for planting the cotton in a four-season breeding garden is facilitated, the interference of exogenous pollen can be effectively avoided, and the genetic stability is kept. The method is planted in a four-season breeding garden, the character selection and variety breeding processes are accelerated, the breeding cost is greatly reduced, and the breeding time is shortened.

The technical scheme of the invention is mainly different from the prior art:

1. the configuration of parent combination utilizes the hybridization of fine varieties and strains, thereby not only enlarging the genetic background, but also avoiding the problem of large workload caused by wide genetic background, realizing the polymerization of various fine genes and breaking the negative correlation relationship between cotton fiber yield character-clothing score and fiber quality character;

2. the single plant mixed selection is divided into three stages, the agronomic characters, the yield characters, the quality characters and the stress resistance are comprehensively evaluated in different periods, the target performance is strong, the breeding work is dispersed in the whole growth period, and the target plant can be accurately selected;

3. the Hainan three-season breeding garden accelerates breeding, strengthens selection of variety adaptability, and solves the problems of slow and long period of traditional breeding;

4. the high-generation plant line screening increases multi-point disease resistance identification and high yield identification, integrates multi-point comprehensive performance of varieties (lines) for many years, quickly eliminates heterozygous strains and interfering strains, and realizes the breeding target of strong suitability, strong disease resistance, high clothes score, excellent quality and suitability for mechanical picking.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a breeding method of Zhongmian institute 96A.

FIG. 2 is a graph of the 96A strain type of Mitsubishi.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of high-lint and high-quality key breeding in Mizhongmian institute 96A.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

A breeding method of a cotton institute 96A in a high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:

step one, configuring parent combination: in order to realize the breeding goal of coexistence of high clothes score and high quality, excellent parent materials are selected and excellent hybrid combinations are configured. Planting a parent combination meeting the breeding target, hybridizing, and harvesting F1 generations; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

the simple cross between varieties or cross between strains is changed into the cross between the varieties and the strains, and the good comprehensive properties and the complementary dominant properties are emphasized for both parents; the cotton institute 49 of the new variety approved by the approval committee of the Xinjiang crop variety in 2004 was selected as the main parent. The medium cotton institute 49 is used as a female parent, and the medium cotton institute 49 has good high yield, is suitable for mechanical picking and resists blight and verticillium wilt; the middle 221 line is used as a male parent, the middle 221 line is bred by three 9757 multiplied by middle 298 hybridization to form a new line, and the quality traits are as follows: the average length of the upper half part is more than 32.0mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 33.0cN/tex, the verticillium wilt is 21.5, the blight is 9.7, and the clothes score is more than 45.0%.

Step two, selecting single plants for three stages: in order to better cultivate high-lint and high-fiber-quality machine-harvested cotton varieties so as to meet the requirements of textile enterprises on high-quality cotton, three-stage single plant mixed selection is carried out on the F2 generation according to the growth agronomic characters, the yield characters and the fiber quality characters of cotton; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

the requirements of high clothing grade and high-quality machine-harvested cotton varieties are as follows: the plant type is compact, the plant height is about 80cm, the height of the first fruit branch is more than 18cm, the stem is strong, the boll opening is concentrated, the storage is moderate, the defoliant is sensitive, the bolling performance is strong, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than or equal to 30mm, and the breaking specific strength is more than or equal to 30 cN/tex. In order to breed a new cotton variety suitable for mechanical picking, single plant mixed selection is carried out from the following three stages on single plant selection:

(1) and (3) agronomic character selection: in order to improve the selection efficiency, the individual plant mixed selection is purposefully carried out according to the requirements of the mechanical cotton picking varieties so as to obtain the plant type suitable for mechanical picking. In the F2 generation, a large number of selected plants are compact, the plant height is about 80cm, II type fruit branches are arranged, the node position of the original fruit branch is more than 5 nodes, the height of the first fruit branch is more than 18cm, the stem strength is large, the hardness is moderate, the pitch distance of the fruit branches is about 10cm, and the single plant meets the requirement of mechanical cotton picking;

(2) and (3) selecting yield traits: and (3) selecting single plants in hybrid progeny F2 generation in a mixed manner, analyzing the yield characters of the single plants meeting the mechanical harvesting characteristics, and comprehensively judging the disease resistance, the boll formation, the clothes mark and the earliness of the single plants. Selecting a single plant with strong bolling property, a single boll weight of more than 5.5g and a clothing score of more than 45.0 percent, and good disease resistance and earliness, and meeting the requirements of the mechanically harvested cotton variety on yield traits;

(3) selecting quality characters: and (3) further selecting the individual plants with excellent fiber quality from the individual plants suitable for mechanical mining and high clothes mark, and breaking the negative correlation relation between the high clothes mark and the fiber quality. Selecting a single plant with a hand feeling stretching length larger than 32.0mm in a test field, detecting the fiber quality of the single plant according to a cotton quality supervision and detection test center in rural areas, and further selecting a single plant with the average length of the upper half part of the fiber larger than or equal to 32.0mm and the breaking ratio strength larger than or equal to 32.0 cN/tex.

Step three, accelerating breeding in a four-season breeding garden: in order to accelerate the screening of plant-row strains with wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, single plants selected from the F2 generation are sealed for selfing, a four-season breeding garden is utilized to continuously generate F3-F9 generations, and variety adaptability screening is carried out between the F3-F9 generations; the breeding garden in four seasons reduces the vegetative growth time during the cotton growth period, increases the reproductive growth time, and integrally shortens the cotton growth period so as to achieve the breeding purpose of three generations in one year. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) planting the F3 generation in the breeding garden of three seasons in Hainan in 2006 in winter, adding generation, and selecting a single plant with strong adaptability for harvesting;

(2) f4 generations are planted in Xinjiang in spring of 2007, the yield character, the quality character and the disease resistance are identified, the plant rows with the clothing content of more than 45.0 percent, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber of more than 32.0mm, the specific strength of more than 32.0cN/tex and disease resistance are selected, and F5 generations are planted in a three-season breeding garden in Hainan in the same winter after harvesting;

(3) after harvesting in early 3 months in 2008, F6 generation is immediately sown as the first generation in the third generation in this year, the seedlings are fixed in time after being aligned, the pest and disease damage prevention is started after the seedling emergence for about one week, the first pruning and the chemical prevention and control are carried out after one month of sowing, the leaf branches and old leaves at the bottom are removed, the second and multiple pruning and the chemical prevention and control are carried out in the later period according to the actual conditions, when the cotton plants grow to 2 fruit branches, topping is started to ensure that the cotton is completely mature in a short time, and selfing is carried out in the flowering period at the same time to ensure the purification of plant rows. The F7 generation is sown immediately after harvest in the early 7 th month in the same year, attention should be paid to the high-temperature weather in Hainan in 5-7 months, cotton is easy to blossom and sterile, and the cotton blooms and does not bear boll, at the moment, the temperature and ventilation of a four-season breeding garden are adjusted, and sun shading and cooling treatment are carried out. Sowing the F8 generation immediately after harvesting in the first 11 months in the same year, in order to ensure the seed harvesting amount of the F9 generation and increase the sowing area of the plant rows appropriately;

(4) the F9 generation was harvested at the end of 3 months in 2009, and 120 lines with fiber length greater than 32mm were identified in the F9 generation by screening based on hand-feeling stretching.

Step four, selecting the high-generation plants: screening the F9 generation according to the mechanical picking property, the yield property, the quality property and the disease resistance of the plant rows by taking high clothes content and high fiber quality as main targets to obtain the F10 generation; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

in spring of 2009, 120 plant lines of F9 generations were simultaneously planted in Xinjiang and yellow county in Anyang. 120 strains are planted in the place before the factory with the heaviest diseases in the original seed field in the yellow county, resistance identification of blight and verticillium wilt is carried out, and 50 strains with regular growth and strong disease resistance are selected in the field during harvesting. 120 strains are respectively planted in a disease nursery field with serious blight and verticillium wilt of cotton and a disease-free high-yield field in Xinjiang, disease resistance identification and high-yield identification of the blight and verticillium wilt are carried out, a plant row with the yield of more than 360 kg/mu is selected by measuring the yield, and more than 40 strains which are neat in growth, suitable for mechanical harvesting, good in high-yield and strong in disease resistance are selected according to the field after harvesting in autumn. The plant row cotton samples are taken and sent to a cotton quality supervision and detection test center of Ministry of agriculture for detection, field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance of yellow and Xinjiang in Henan are comprehensively evaluated, and 19 plant lines are further screened out, wherein the quality and the shape are as follows: the average length of the upper half part of HVICC fiber is greater than 32.0mm, the breaking ratio strength is greater than 32.0cN/tex, the wilt disease index is less than 11.7, the greensickness disease index is less than 24.8, and the clothing score is greater than 42.0%.

Step five, multi-point product ratio test for years: comprehensively evaluating field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance to obtain a breeding target strain, which specifically comprises the following steps: 19 strains participate in a multipoint variety comparison test in Xinjiang in spring 2010, comprehensive evaluation of field traits, yield traits, quality traits and disease resistance is carried out, and 96A of the new strains of the cotton institute is selected. In the subsequent 2011-2014 intercinning cottage 96A in Xinjiang for participating in multi-point variety comparison tests for many years, the 96A of the middle cottage is stably represented as high lint, excellent in fiber quality, resistant to blight and verticillium wilt, good in mechanical picking property and suitable for being planted in early and middle maturing areas in Xinjiang.

The breeding target of high-lint and high-quality mechanical cotton picking with high fiber quality is obtained through the steps: with high lint and high quality as main targets and with mechanical picking, high yield, high quality and disease resistance as breeding focuses, a new variety of medium cotton institute 96A of high lint and high quality mechanical picking cotton which meets the requirements of planting in the early and middle maturing areas of Xinjiang is cultivated, as shown in figure 2.

Example (b): a breeding method of a cotton institute 96A in a high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety is shown in figure 3 and comprises the following steps:

step one, configuring parent combination: in 2005, Xinjiang configured a hybrid combination, with 49 female parents of a cotton institute of a newly approved cotton variety with strong adaptability, high yield and high quality, and 221 lines of a new cotton line with high lint, high quality and disease resistance cultivated by the unit as male parents for hybridization, in 2005, in the south, the north and south were cultivated, and in Hainan, the third generation was cultivated with F1.

Step two, selecting single plants for three stages: f2 generation was planted in Xinjiang in 2006, single plants were selected in a mixed manner from three stages, plant types suitable for mechanical harvesting were selected primarily, single plants with a plant height of about 80cm, a starting fruit branch height of greater than 18cm, a first fruit node of more than 5 nodes and a stem strength of moderate were selected, then disease resistance and yield traits were selected, single plants with a strong fruiting capacity, a moderate storage capacity and a high coat score were selected, quality detection was finally performed, single plants with a length of greater than 32.0mm were selected by hand-feeling stretching in the field, and single plants with a length of greater than 32.0mm and a specific strength of greater than 32cN/tex were selected after detection by the fiber detection center in the Ministry of agriculture.

Step three, accelerating breeding in a four-season breeding garden: in winter 2006, F3 generations are planted in Hainan three-generation, single plants or strains with strong adaptability and strong bolling property are selected, F4 generations are planted in Xinjiang in spring 2007, comprehensive judgment on field properties, yield properties, quality properties and disease resistance is carried out, high-coat-score and high-quality single plants or strains are selected, F5 generations are planted in a Hainan three-season breeding garden in 11 months 2006, F6 generations are planted immediately after 3 months early in 2007, F7 generations are planted immediately after 7 months early in 2007, F8 generations are planted as soon as possible after 11 months early in 3 months, and 120 strains with high coat-score, high-quality and strong adaptability are screened. The breeding of F5-F8 generations is completed in one year, the selection of the adaptability of the temperature-sensitive variety is increased, and the purpose of rapid generation addition is achieved. And 4 months in 2009, planting in Xinjiang and Inhuang, planting 120 strains in Inhuang to the place before the factory with the highest disease in the original seed field in Inhuang county, identifying the resistance to blight, and selecting 50 strains with regular growth and strong disease resistance in the field during harvesting. 120 strains are respectively planted in a disease nursery field with serious blight and verticillium wilt of cotton and a disease-free high-yield field in Xinjiang, disease resistance identification and high-yield identification of the blight are carried out, 50 strains with regular growth and strong disease resistance are selected in the field during harvest in autumn, and a plant row with the yield of more than 360 kg/mu is selected by measuring yield. Taking plant row cotton samples, sending the cotton samples to a cotton quality supervision and detection test center of Ministry of agriculture for detection, carrying out comprehensive judgment on field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance, and further selecting 19 strains, wherein the quality characters of the strains are as follows: the length of the upper half part of HVICC fiber is greater than 32.0mm, the breaking specific strength is greater than 32.0cN/tex, the disease index of blight is 9.5-11.7, the disease index of verticillium wilt is 23.2-24.8, and the clothing score is 42-25%.

Step four, selecting the high-generation plants: in spring of 2010, 19 strains in Xinjiang participate in a multipoint variety comparison test, comprehensive judgment of field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance is carried out, and the new strain of the Gossypium hirsutum 96A is selected.

Step five, multi-point product ratio test for years: 2011-2014 participates in a multi-point variety comparison test for many years in Xinjiang, and the 96A of the medium cotton institute has high lint, excellent fiber quality, resistance to blight and verticillium wilt and good mechanical harvesting property, and is suitable for planting in early and medium maturing areas in Xinjiang. The test is carried out in 2015 by a preliminary test of early-medium maturity groups of cotton in Xinjiang autonomous region, the growing period is 134 days, the clothes content is 44.2%, the yield per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost is 387.7 kg, 170.8 kg and 159.8 kg respectively, and the yield per mu is 109.4%, 112.6% and 111.8% of the yield per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint of the contrast No. 49. 2016-plus 2017, which are participated in the test of the early-middle maturity group of cotton in Xinjiang autonomous region, the growth period is 133.5 days, the clothing score is 43.7 percent, the average length of the upper half part of HVICC fiber is 32.3mm, the breaking specific strength is 31.8cN/tex, the yield per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost is 378.75 kg, 165.9 kg and 161.75 kg respectively, and the yield per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost is 107.75%, 112.2% and 112.1% respectively of the cotton seeds 49 in the control. 2018, the cotton early-medium maturing group production test in Xinjiang autonomous region is carried out, the growing period is 134 days, the clothes content is 44.5 percent, the yield per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost is 404.1 kg, 179.5 kg and 176.0 kg respectively, and the yield per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost is 110.8 percent, 114.5 percent and 114.9 percent of the control J206-5 respectively. Examined and approved by Xinjiang autonomous region variety examination and approval committee in 2019.

According to the breeding method of the cotton institute 96A in the new high-lint and high-quality mechanical-harvested cotton variety, selective breeding can be carried out by combining mechanical-harvested cotton character selection and breaking the negative correlation between lint and fiber quality.

(1) Selecting the properties of the mechanically harvested cotton: in filial generations F2-F4, comprehensive evaluation is mainly carried out on field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance, the field characters mainly select single plants suitable for mechanical picking, the plant height is about 80cm, the nodes of the initial fruit branches are above 5 nodes, the height of the first fruit branches is above 18cm, the impurity content of mechanical picking is reduced, and the content of foreign matters such as residual films, fallen leaves and the like in the mechanical picking process is avoided. The single plant with moderate strength is selected for the stem strength, mechanical damage is easily caused in the mechanical harvesting process when the stem strength is too strong, lodging is caused in the harvesting process when the stem strength is too weak, and the impurity content rate of mechanical harvesting is increased. The individual plants with moderate leaf amount and sensitivity to defoliant are selected to reduce the impurity rate in the mechanical picking process. The single plant with moderate cotton-containing force is selected, the cotton-containing force is too tight, the machine mining residue is more, the yield loss is larger, the cotton-containing force is too smooth, and the cotton wool is easy to fall off, so that the yield is reduced. After the generation is added to F8 generation in the Hainan three-season breeding garden, the Xinjiang autonomous region mechanical cotton picking early-medium maturity test group is participated, and the mechanical picking performance is detected through a field mechanical picking test, so that a high-clothes-content high-quality new variety Mizhongmian cotton institute 96A suitable for mechanical picking is cultivated.

(2) Correlation of coat and fiber quality: breaking the negative correlation between the clothes mark and the fiber quality, making the selection of the main parent and continuously screening the filial generation. The scores and the fiber quality are quantitative characters, are jointly controlled by a plurality of genes, and the main parent with the characteristics of high scores and excellent fiber quality is selected, so that the genetic basis of breaking the negative correlation between the scores and the fiber quality is broken. And continuously screening 42-45% of the seeds from F2 generation to F10 generation of hybrid progeny, continuously screening single plants and strains with fiber length of more than 32.0mm and specific strength of more than 32cN/tex, adding generations through a Sanxia Yangtze breeding garden, accumulating for multiple generations, continuously purifying, and selecting high-quality strains with stable heredity. Through 2016-plus 2017-year regional test detection of early-medium maturity groups of Xinjiang autonomous region cotton, the average length of the upper half part of HVICC fiber is 32.3mm, the breaking ratio strength is 31.8cN/tex, the coating score is 43.7%, and the comprehensive properties are excellent.

According to the method, the cultivated medium cottonshore 96A has the following characteristic characteristics:

(1) characteristic features of the medium cotton plant 96A:

the whole growth period is about 133 days. Strong growth vigor in the early and middle stages and stable growth vigor in the later stage. Plant tower type, I-II type fruit branches, compact plant type, strong and hard stem, medium fuzz, and about 6.6 knots of the first fruit branch. The leaves are medium in size, the leaves are light green in color, the bolls are long and oval, the boll forming performance is strong, the weight of a single boll is 5.8g, the clothes division is 43.7%, the seed number is 10.4g, the boll opening is concentrated, the boll containing capacity is moderate, and the pre-frost flowering rate is more than 97.0%. The average length of the upper half of HVICC fiber is 32.3mm, the breaking specific strength is 31.8cN/tex, the Marlon value is 4.15, and the regularity index is 84.8%. The morbidity of the fusarium wilt is 11.77 percent, the disease index is 3.61, and the reaction type of the fusarium wilt is HR, which belongs to high fusarium wilt resistance; the morbidity of the verticillium wilt is 26.95 percent, the disease index is 19.30, and the reaction type of the verticillium wilt is R, belonging to the anti-verticillium wilt. Is suitable for being planted in early and middle maturing cotton areas in Xinjiang.

(2) Yield performance of 96A in medium cotton institute:

the test is carried out in 2015 in the preliminary test of Xinjiang early-middle-maturing upland cotton, the growing period is 134 days, the initial node of fruit branches is 5.1 nodes, the weight of a single boll is 5.4 g, the clothes content is 44.2%, the weight of each seed finger is 10.7 g, and the pre-frost flowering rate is 93.5%. The yields per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost were 387.7 kg, 170.8 kg and 159.8 kg, respectively, which are 109.4%, 112.6% and 111.8% of the cotton No. 49 in the control. 2016-shaped red-brown rice seeds continuously participate in the regional test of early-middle maturing upland cotton in the autonomous region in 2017, and the growth period is 133.5 days. The initial node of the fruit branch is 6.6 nodes, the weight of a single bell is 5.8g, the score of the coat is 43.7%, the index of the seed is 10.4g, and the pre-frost flowering rate is 97.0%. The yields per mu of the cotton seeds, the ginned cotton and the pre-frosted ginned cotton were 378.75 kg, 165.9 kg and 161.75 kg, respectively, which are 107.75%, 112.2% and 112.1% of the cotton 49 in the control. And participating in the early-middle-maturing upland cotton production test in the autonomous region in 2018, wherein the growth period is 134 days. The plant height is 78.9 cm, the initial node position of fruit branches is 7.7 nodes, the single plant bears 7.1 bolls, the weight of each boll is 5.8g, the coat score is 44.5%, the seed index is 10.8 g, and the pre-frost flowering rate is 97.9%. The yields per mu of the cotton seeds, the cotton lint and the cotton lint before frost were 404.1 kg, 179.5 kg and 176.0 kg, respectively, which were 110.8%, 114.5% and 114.9% of the control J206-5, respectively.

The most key steps of the breeding method of the cotton institute 96A in the high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety are as follows:

1. defining breeding targets: namely, a new variety of mechanically harvested cotton which breaks the negative correlation between the clothing fraction and the fiber quality and meets the requirements of textile enterprises on the cotton fiber quality is cultivated. In other words, the new variety of the cultivated mechanically harvested cotton has the characteristics of high clothing fraction and high fiber quality, and the requirements of textile enterprises on the quality of the cotton fiber are met, and a certain yield target is achieved;

2. the maximum limiting factor of a cotton institute 96A for cultivating high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton varieties is determined: namely the cotton fiber yield character-the negative correlation relationship between the lint and the fiber quality, the high lint is accompanied with the insufficient fiber length and specific strength, the high quality is accompanied with the low lint, and the cultivation of the medium cotton institute 96A is severely restricted. Only by breaking the negative correlation relationship, the breeding target of high-lint and high-quality mechanical cotton picking can be realized;

3. an excellent parent combination preparation is formulated, an excellent variety (line) with negative correlation between cotton fiber yield character-clothing mark and fiber quality is broken through as a basis, a technical breeding route with four important points of single plant selection three-stage and four-season breeding garden accelerated breeding and high-generation plant row identification is adopted, and a cotton institute 96A of a new mechanically-harvested cotton variety with high clothing mark and high-quality characteristics is screened and cultivated;

4. increase breeding in four seasons and shorten the breeding period. By utilizing the ecological environment condition of Hainan III and adopting a four-season breeding garden to accelerate breeding, the breeding of F5-F8 generations is quickly completed, the selection of variety adaptability is enhanced, and the problem of long traditional breeding period is solved;

5. by utilizing the characteristics of large genetic background difference, strong general combining ability, high yield, strong adaptability and good disease resistance and stress resistance of the parent combination 49, high yield of the middle 221 line, high lint content and high fiber quality, the polymerization of a plurality of excellent genes is carried out, so that 96A of the middle cotton institute is suitable for mechanical picking, the lint content is high and the fiber quality is excellent;

6. comprehensive breeding technologies such as matching of parent combination, post-hybridization ecology, four-season breeding garden acceleration, directional screening and the like are applied, the negative correlation relationship between the clothing scores and the fiber quality is broken, and the high-clothing-score high-quality machine-harvested cotton new variety Mizhongchongshi 96A is bred.

In the process of cultivating the cotton seed 96A in the new high-lint and high-quality mechanically-harvested cotton variety, the problems of high yield and high lint along with poor fiber quality, high fiber quality along with low lint and low yield exist, the genetic negative correlation between the yield character of cotton fiber, namely lint and fiber quality character is broken, and the method is one of the technical difficulties to be solved for screening and cultivating the new high-yield, high-lint and high-quality mechanically-harvested cotton variety. In the Hainan Sanxia breeding nursery, in the high-temperature weather of 5-7 months, plants often have the phenomena of flowering sterility and non-boll formation, and the control of the temperature of the breeding nursery and the control of the ventilation and sun-shading processing time are important technical problems for realizing rapid breeding and generation addition.

Claims

1. A breeding method of a cotton institute 96A in a high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety is characterized by comprising the following steps: the breeding method comprises the following steps:

step one, configuring parent combination: in order to realize the breeding target of coexistence of high clothes score and high quality, excellent parent materials are selected, and excellent hybrid combinations are configured; planting a parent combination meeting the breeding target, hybridizing, and harvesting F1 generations;

2. The selective breeding method of 96A in the high-lint, high-quality mechanical-harvested cotton variety as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the configuration of the parent combination in the first step, the simple cross between varieties or cross between strains is changed into the cross between varieties and strains, and the comprehensive character and the dominant character are emphasized to be good for both parents; selecting a cotton institute 49 of a new variety approved by the approval committee of the Xinjiang crop variety in 2004 as a main parent; the medium cotton institute 49 is used as a female parent, and the medium cotton institute 49 has good high yield, is suitable for mechanical picking and resists blight and verticillium wilt; the middle 221 line is used as a male parent, the middle 221 line is bred by three 9757 multiplied by middle 298 hybridization to form a new line, and the quality traits are as follows: the average length of the upper half part is more than 32.0mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 33.0cN/tex, the verticillium wilt is 21.5, the blight is 9.7, and the clothes score is more than 45.0%.

3. The breeding method of 96A in the high-lint high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety according to claim 1, wherein in the three stage of single plant selection in the second step, the high-lint high-quality machine-harvested cotton variety requires: the plant type is compact, the plant height is about 80cm, the height of the first fruit branch is more than 18cm, the stem is strong, the boll opening is concentrated, the storage is moderate, the defoliant is sensitive, the bolling performance is strong, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than or equal to 30mm, and the breaking specific strength is more than or equal to 30 cN/tex; in order to breed a new cotton variety suitable for mechanical picking, single plant mixed selection is carried out from three stages of agronomic characters, yield characters and fiber quality characters on single plant selection.

4. The breeding method of the cotton institute 96A in the high-lint, high-quality mechanical-harvested cotton variety as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the agronomic character selection: in order to improve the selection efficiency, according to the requirements of the cotton varieties of the mechanical picking, the single plant mixed selection is purposefully carried out so as to obtain the plant type suitable for the mechanical picking; in the F2 generation, a great deal of selected plants are compact in type and about 80cm in height, II type fruit branches are arranged, the node position of the original fruit branch is more than 5 nodes, the height of the first fruit branch is more than 18cm, the stem strength is high, the hardness is moderate, the pitch of the fruit branches is about 10cm, and the single plant meets the requirement of mechanical cotton picking.

5. The breeding method of the cotton institute 96A in the high-lint, high-quality mechanically-harvested cotton variety as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the selection of the yield traits is: selecting single plants in hybrid progeny F2 generation, analyzing yield characters of the single plants meeting the mechanical picking characteristics, and comprehensively judging the disease resistance, boll forming property, clothes mark and earliness of the single plants; selecting single plants with strong bolling property, single boll weight more than 5.5g, clothing score more than 45.0%, disease resistance and good earliness, and meeting the requirements of mechanical cotton-picking varieties on yield and properties.

6. The breeding method of the cotton institute 96A in the high-lint, high-quality mechanical-harvested cotton variety as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the selection of the quality traits is: further selecting single plants with excellent fiber quality from single plants suitable for mechanical mining and high clothes mark, and breaking the negative correlation relation between the high clothes mark and the fiber quality; selecting a single plant with a hand feeling stretching length larger than 32.0mm in a test field, detecting the fiber quality of the single plant according to a cotton quality supervision and detection test center in rural areas, and further selecting a single plant with the average length of the upper half part of the fiber larger than or equal to 32.0mm and the breaking ratio strength larger than or equal to 32.0 cN/tex.

7. The breeding method of 96A in high-lint and high-quality machine-harvested cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step of accelerating breeding in the four season breeding nursery, the four season breeding nursery reduces the vegetative growth time, increases the reproductive growth time and integrally shortens the cotton growth period so as to achieve the breeding purpose of three generations in one year; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

(3) after harvesting in the early 3 months of the next year, immediately sowing the F6 generation which is the first generation of the three generations in the next year, fixing seedlings in time after seedlings are aligned, beginning to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests after seedling emergence for about one week, carrying out first pruning and chemical prevention and control after sowing for one month, removing leaf branches and old leaves at the bottom, carrying out second and multiple times of pruning and chemical prevention and control according to actual conditions in the later period, starting topping when the cotton plants grow to 2 fruit branches to ensure that the cotton is completely mature in a shorter time, and carrying out selfing in the flowering period to ensure the purification of plant rows; sowing the F7 generation immediately after harvesting in the early 7 th month of the same year, paying attention to the high-temperature weather in Hainan in 5-7 months, cotton is easy to blossom and sterile, and only blossoming and no boll is caused, at the moment, the temperature and ventilation of a four-season breeding garden are adjusted, and sun shading and cooling treatment are carried out; sowing the F8 generation immediately after harvesting in the first 11 months in the same year, in order to ensure the seed harvesting amount of the F9 generation and increase the sowing area of the plant rows appropriately;

(4) the F9 generation was harvested at the end of 3 months in the next year, and 120 lines with fiber length greater than 32mm were identified in the F9 generation by screening based on hand-feeling stretching.

8. The method for breeding 96A of high-lint, high-quality machine-harvested cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the selection of high-generation plant rows in step four, F9 generations of 120 plant rows are simultaneously planted in Xinjiang and yellow county in Anyang in the same spring of harvesting F9 generations; planting 120 strains in the place before the factory with the heaviest diseases in the original seed field in the yellow county in the inner yellow region, identifying the resistance to the blight and the verticillium wilt, and selecting 50 strains with regular growth and strong disease resistance in the field during harvesting; 120 strains are respectively planted in a disease nursery field with serious blight and verticillium wilt of cotton and a disease-free high-yield field in Xinjiang, disease resistance identification and high-yield identification of the blight and verticillium wilt are carried out, a plant row with the yield of more than 360 kg/mu is selected by measuring the yield, and after harvesting in autumn, more than 40 strains with regular growth vigor, suitability for mechanical harvesting, good high-yield property and strong disease resistance are selected according to the field; the plant row cotton samples are taken and sent to a cotton quality supervision and detection test center of Ministry of agriculture for detection, field characters, yield characters, quality characters and disease resistance of yellow and Xinjiang in Henan are comprehensively evaluated, and 19 plant lines are further screened out, wherein the quality and the shape are as follows: the average length of the upper half part of HVICC fiber is greater than 32.0mm, the breaking ratio strength is greater than 32.0cN/tex, the wilt disease index is less than 11.7, the greensickness disease index is less than 24.8, and the clothing score is greater than 42.0%.

9. The selective breeding method of cotton institute 96A in high-lint, high-quality mechanical-harvested cotton variety as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the multi-point variety ratio test for years in step five, 19 lines participate in the multi-point variety comparison test in Xinjiang in the spring of the next year, and the comprehensive evaluation of field character, yield character, quality character and disease resistance is performed to decide to select the new line of cotton institute 96A; in the next four years, the 96A of the Mitsuga institute participates in multi-point variety comparison tests for many years in Xinjiang, and the 96A of the Mitsuga institute is high in clothing content, excellent in fiber quality, resistant to blight and verticillium wilt, good in mechanical picking performance and suitable for planting in early and middle maturing areas in Xinjiang.