CN115349416B - Cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking - Google Patents
Cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking Download PDFInfo
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- CN115349416B CN115349416B CN202211005293.3A CN202211005293A CN115349416B CN 115349416 B CN115349416 B CN 115349416B CN 202211005293 A CN202211005293 A CN 202211005293A CN 115349416 B CN115349416 B CN 115349416B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking, which comprises the following steps: step one: selecting 20 parts of early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties; step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows; step three: mechanical sowing is carried out about 5 months and 20 days, and mepiquat chloride is applied to the cotton seeds in the growing period to carry out whole-course control on the cotton growth vigor; step four: topping for 7 months and 20 days; step five: spraying defoliation ripening agent for 9 months and 22 days, timely cultivating and weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and uniformly managing fertilizer and water; step six: representative two replicates of 20 plants (excluding two-end plants) in the middle row of each cell were selected as sampling rows. The invention can obtain the early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties suitable for planting in Hubei province by comprehensively analyzing the planting conditions of 20 parts of early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties in Hubei province.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of long cotton velvet production, in particular to a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking.
Background
Cotton is seed fiber of malvaceae cotton plant, which is native to subtropical zone, the flower is milky white, and turns to dark red after blooming, then withers, leaving green small capsule called cotton boll, cotton seed is in the cotton boll, the fuzz on cotton seed grows out from cotton seed epidermis, fills up the cotton boll, and cracks when the cotton boll is mature, exposing soft fiber, the fiber is white or yellow; cotton is one of the important economic crops in the world and plays an important role in the economic development of China and the world;
the existing cotton germplasm resource screening method cannot improve the survival rate of cotton seeds, and is mainly because cotton has certain requirements on the growing environment, such as loose soil is needed, the soil is neutral or weak alkaline, and in addition, the existing cotton seeds have low survival rate because the existing cotton seeds need to resist the external worse environment in the growing process.
Therefore, we propose a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking, which aims to solve the problem that the existing cotton germplasm resource screening method provided by the background art is inconvenient to improve the survival rate of cotton seeds.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting 20 parts of early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties;
step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows;
step three: mechanical sowing is carried out about 5 months and 20 days, and mepiquat chloride is applied to the cotton seeds in the growing period to carry out whole-course control on the cotton growth vigor;
step four: topping for 7 months and 20 days;
step five: spraying defoliation ripening agent for 9 months and 22 days, timely cultivating and weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and uniformly managing fertilizer and water;
step six: representative two repeat cell middle row 20 plants (excluding two end plants) were selected as sampling rows:
s1, taking an average value of two repetition times from the days of emergence to the opening period;
s2, investigating the first fruit branch position after the cotton bud appears;
s3, investigating the characters such as plant height, number of single plant fruit branches, number of single plant node bell and the like before 9 months and 15 days;
step seven: growth period index:
in order to ensure that the sowing time of wheat and cotton can be effectively linked, the growth period of the wheat-after-wheat direct-seeding cotton variety is within 110 days;
step eight: agronomic trait index:
(1) the plant height of the colony is controlled to be 80-120 cm;
(2) the height of the first fruit branch from the ground is more than 20cm;
(3) the plant type is compact, the fruit branches are lifted up, and the angle between the fruit branches and the main stem is less than or equal to 45 degrees;
(4) the length of the fruit branch is less than or equal to 25cm;
(5) the stalks and the fruit branches are firm and elastic, are not easy to bend and do not fall down;
(6) the ringing performance is strong;
step nine: determining economic traits comprising:
(1) seeds refer to more than 11.5, the germination vigor is strong, the early germination is promoted, and the whole seedlings are sown in one step;
(2) the weight of the single bell is 5.5-6.0 g;
(3) the seed cotton yield per mu is more than 200kg, and the lint cotton yield per mu is more than 80 kg;
(4) the clothes are about 40 percent;
(5) the ringing and the boll opening are concentrated, and the force of the boll is moderate. The opening rate of cotton field after the cotton field is opened for 40 days reaches more than 95 percent;
step ten: determining stress resistance, comprising:
(1) the temperature of the cotton is higher than 37 ℃ in 7-8 months, the cotton boll period is positive, the pollen fertility is seriously affected, and the high temperature resistant cotton varieties are selected as basic conditions which the machine-harvested cotton varieties should have, so that the machine-harvested cotton should be screened for varieties with the temperature higher than 37 ℃;
(2) the resistance to fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt or verticillium wilt is high;
(3) the peach rot resistance is realized by selecting varieties which are resistant to cotton anthracnose, cotton red rot, cotton red powder disease, cotton black fruit disease and the like, so that the peach rot rate in rainy season is reduced;
step eleven: measuring the fiber quality:
the machine-harvested cotton with excellent production quality and meeting the cotton requirement of cotton spinning enterprises is the core of the cotton industry for improving market competitiveness and realizing high-quality and high-price machine-harvested cotton. The fiber quality of cotton varieties suitable for mechanical picking should reach more than 'double 30': the average length of the upper half part of the cotton fiber is more than 31mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30.0 cN.tex-1, and the micronaire value is 3.8-4.5;
step twelve: sensitivity to defoliants:
the machine quality is required to be sensitive to defoliant, so that the spraying quality and defoliant effect of defoliant ripening are improved, seed cotton pollution is reduced, seed cotton impurity rate is reduced, machine picking adaptability is improved, and the quality of machine-picked cotton is promoted;
step thirteen: the leaf number and the boll number of plants are investigated and the defoliation rate and the boll percentage are calculated on the first 1 day of spraying Shi Tuoshe ripening agent and the 15 th day after application;
step fourteen: analyzing the data by software, comprehensively evaluating the investigation indexes of 20 varieties, and screening out cotton varieties suitable for mechanized production in Hubei area by combining with investigation of flocculation force and lodging resistance;
preferably, 20 parts of cotton varieties in the first step, wherein 10 parts of cotton varieties in Hubei province are adopted, and the other 10 parts of cotton varieties outside province are adopted.
Preferably, in the second step, the row length of the 6-row zone is 30m, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.18m.
Preferably, the defoliation ripening agent adopted in the step five is prepared by mixing 300-450 g/hm < 2 > of 50% thidiazuron wettable powder with 2250-3000 mL/hm < 2 > of 40% ethephon agent and adding 225L/hm < 2 > of water.
S2 and S3 in the sixth step comprise:
(1) plant height: measuring the length from the cotyledonary node to the top end of the main stem;
(2) first fruit branch position: measuring the length from the initial node of the cotton plant fruit branch to the ground;
(3) angle of fruit branch: measuring the included angle between the inverted 3 fruit branches and the stalks by using an angle gauge;
(4) measuring the lengths of third, seventh and tenth fruit branches;
(5) stalk and fruit branch hardness: observing whether the stems and the fruit branches are bent or not;
(6) number of node bell of single plant: cotton plant individual number of bells. Bolls with diameters above 2cm are bolls, including rotten bolls and bolls; cotton bolls smaller than bolls and flowers on the same day are bolls, and 3 bolls are converted into 1 boll.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for machine picking can obtain the early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties suitable for being planted in Hubei province by comprehensively analyzing the planting conditions of 20 parts of early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties in Hubei province.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting 20 parts of early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties;
step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows;
step three: mechanical sowing is carried out about 5 months and 20 days, and mepiquat chloride is applied to the cotton seeds in the growing period to carry out whole-course control on the cotton growth vigor;
step four: topping for 7 months and 20 days;
step five: spraying defoliation ripening agent for 9 months and 22 days, timely cultivating and weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and uniformly managing fertilizer and water;
step six: representative two repeat cell middle row 20 plants (excluding two end plants) were selected as sampling rows:
s1, taking an average value of two repetition times from the days of emergence to the opening period;
s2, investigating the first fruit branch position after the cotton bud appears;
s3, investigating the characters such as plant height, number of single plant fruit branches, number of single plant node bell and the like before 9 months and 15 days;
step seven: growth period index:
in order to ensure that the sowing time of wheat and cotton can be effectively linked, the growth period of the wheat-after-wheat direct-seeding cotton variety is within 110 days;
step eight: agronomic trait index:
(1) the plant height of the colony is controlled to be 80-120 cm;
(2) the height of the first fruit branch from the ground is more than 20cm;
(3) the plant type is compact, the fruit branches are lifted up, and the angle between the fruit branches and the main stem is less than or equal to 45 degrees;
(4) the length of the fruit branch is less than or equal to 25cm;
(5) the stalks and the fruit branches are firm and elastic, are not easy to bend and do not fall down;
(6) the ringing performance is strong;
step nine: determining economic traits comprising:
(1) seeds refer to more than 11.5, the germination vigor is strong, the early germination is promoted, and the whole seedlings are sown in one step;
(2) the weight of the single bell is 5.5-6.0 g;
(3) the seed cotton yield per mu is more than 200kg, and the lint cotton yield per mu is more than 80 kg;
(4) the clothes are about 40 percent;
(5) the ringing and the boll opening are concentrated, and the force of the boll is moderate. The opening rate of cotton field after the cotton field is opened for 40 days reaches more than 95 percent;
step ten: determining stress resistance, comprising:
(1) high temperature resistance. The field temperature can reach more than 37 ℃ in 7-8 months, the cotton boll period is positive, the fertility of pollen is seriously affected, and the selection of the high-temperature-resistant cotton varieties is a basic condition which the mechanically-picked cotton varieties should have. Therefore, the machine-harvested cotton should be screened for varieties resistant to high temperatures above 37 ℃.
(2) And is resistant to withering and verticillium wilt. The resistance to fusarium wilt or high fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt is strong.
(3) And (3) resisting peach rot. Selecting varieties with cotton anthracnose resistance, cotton red rot resistance, cotton red powder disease, cotton black fruit disease and the like, and reducing the peach rot rate in rainy seasons.
Step eleven: measuring the fiber quality:
the machine-harvested cotton with excellent production quality and meeting the cotton requirement of cotton spinning enterprises is the core of the cotton industry for improving market competitiveness and realizing high-quality and high-price machine-harvested cotton. The fiber quality of cotton varieties suitable for mechanical picking should reach more than 'double 30': the average length of the upper half part of the cotton fiber is more than 31mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30.0 cN.tex-1, and the micronaire value is 3.8-4.5;
step twelve: sensitivity to defoliants:
the machine quality is required to be sensitive to defoliant, so that the spraying quality and defoliant effect of defoliant ripening are improved, seed cotton pollution is reduced, seed cotton impurity rate is reduced, machine picking adaptability is improved, and the quality of machine-picked cotton is promoted;
step thirteen: the leaf number and the boll number of plants are investigated and the defoliation rate and the boll percentage are calculated on the first 1 day of spraying Shi Tuoshe ripening agent and the 15 th day after application;
step fourteen: the data are analyzed by software, the comprehensive evaluation of the investigation indexes of 20 varieties is analyzed, and the investigation of the flocculation force and lodging resistance is combined to screen out cotton varieties suitable for mechanized production in Hubei area.
20 parts of cotton varieties in the first step, wherein 10 parts of cotton varieties in Hubei province are adopted, and the other 10 parts of cotton varieties outside province are adopted.
In the second step, the line length of the 6 line areas is 30m, the line spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.18m.
The defoliation ripening agent adopted in the fifth step is prepared by mixing 50% of thidiazuron wettable powder 300-450 g/hm < 2 > and 40% of ethephon water 2250-3000 mL/hm < 2 >, and adding water 225L/hm < 2 >.
S2 and S3 in the sixth step comprise:
(1) plant height: measuring the length from the cotyledonary node to the top end of the main stem;
(2) first fruit branch position: measuring the length from the initial node of the cotton plant fruit branch to the ground;
(3) angle of fruit branch: measuring the included angle between the inverted 3 fruit branches and the stalks by using an angle gauge;
(4) measuring the lengths of third, seventh and tenth fruit branches;
(5) stalk and fruit branch hardness: observing whether the stems and the fruit branches are bent or not;
(6) number of node bell of single plant: cotton plant individual number of bells. Bolls with diameters above 2cm are bolls, including rotten bolls and bolls; cotton bolls smaller than bolls and flowers on the same day are bolls, and 3 bolls are converted into 1 boll.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cotton germplasm resource screening method convenient for mechanical picking is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting 20 parts of early-maturing, high-quality and high-yield cotton varieties;
step two: dividing the test area into 6 rows;
step three: mechanical sowing is carried out about 5 months and 20 days, and mepiquat chloride is applied to the cotton seeds in the growing period to carry out whole-course control on the cotton growth vigor;
step four: topping for 7 months and 20 days;
step five: spraying defoliation ripening agent for 9 months and 22 days, timely cultivating and weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and uniformly managing fertilizer and water;
step six: representative two middle 20 plants of each row of repeated regions are selected, two end plants are not included, and the two end plants are taken as sampling rows:
s1, taking an average value of two repetition times from the days of emergence to the opening period;
s2, investigating the first fruit branch position after the cotton bud appears;
s3, investigating the plant height, the number of single plant fruit branches and the number of single plant node bell before 9 months and 15 days;
step seven: growth period index:
in order to ensure that the sowing time of wheat and cotton can be effectively linked, the growth period of the wheat-after-wheat direct-seeding cotton variety is within 110 days;
step eight: agronomic trait index:
(1) the plant height of the colony is controlled to be 80-120 cm;
(2) the height of the first fruit branch from the ground is more than 20cm;
(3) the plant type is compact, the fruit branches are lifted up, and the angle between the fruit branches and the main stem is less than or equal to 45 degrees;
(4) the length of the fruit branch is less than or equal to 25cm;
(5) the stalks and the fruit branches are firm and elastic, are not easy to bend and do not fall down;
(6) the ringing performance is strong;
step nine: determining economic traits comprising:
(1) seeds refer to more than 11.5, the germination vigor is strong, the early germination is promoted, and the whole seedlings are sown in one step;
(2) the weight of the single bell is 5.5-6.0 g;
(3) the seed cotton yield per mu is more than 200kg, and the lint cotton yield per mu is more than 80 kg;
(4) the clothes are about 40 percent;
(5) the boll formation and the boll opening are concentrated, the boll-containing force is moderate, and the boll opening rate reaches more than 95% after about 40d of cotton field is opened;
step ten: determining stress resistance, comprising:
(1) the temperature of the cotton is higher than 37 ℃ in 7-8 months, the cotton boll period is positive, the pollen fertility is seriously affected, and the high temperature resistant cotton varieties are selected as basic conditions which the machine-harvested cotton varieties should have, so that the machine-harvested cotton should be screened for varieties with the temperature higher than 37 ℃;
(2) the resistance to fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt or verticillium wilt is high;
(3) the peach rot resistance is realized by selecting varieties resistant to cotton anthracnose, cotton red rot, cotton red powdery disease and cotton black fruit disease, so that the peach rot rate in rainy season is reduced;
step eleven: measuring the fiber quality:
the fiber quality of cotton varieties suitable for mechanical picking should reach more than 'double 30': the average length of the upper half part of the cotton fiber is more than 31mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30.0 cN.tex-1, and the micronaire value is 3.8-4.5;
step twelve: sensitivity to defoliants:
the machine-harvested varieties are required to be sensitive to defoliant, so that the spraying quality and defoliant effect of defoliant ripening are improved, seed cotton pollution is reduced, the impurity content of seed cotton is reduced, the machine-harvested adaptability is improved, and the quality of the machine-harvested cotton is promoted;
step thirteen: the leaf number and the boll number of plants are investigated and the defoliation rate and the boll percentage are calculated on the first 1 day of spraying Shi Tuoshe ripening agent and the 15 th day after application;
step fourteen: the data are analyzed by software, 20 comprehensive evaluation of variety investigation indexes are analyzed, and the cotton variety suitable for mechanized production in Hubei area is screened out by combining investigation of flocculation force and lodging resistance.
2. The method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for mechanical picking according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: 20 parts of cotton varieties in the first step, wherein 10 parts of cotton varieties in Hubei province are adopted, and the other 10 parts of cotton varieties outside Hubei province are adopted.
3. The method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for mechanical picking according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the line length of the 6 line areas is 30m, the line spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.18m.
4. The method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for mechanical picking according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the defoliation ripening agent adopted in the fifth step is 50% thidiazuron wettable powder 300-450 g/hm 2 2250-3000 mL/hm of 40% ethephon aqua 2 Mixing, adding 225L/hm water 2 Is prepared.
5. The method for screening cotton germplasm resources convenient for mechanical picking according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: s2 and S3 in the sixth step comprise:
(1) plant height: measuring the length from the cotyledonary node to the top end of the main stem;
(2) first fruit branch position: measuring the length from the initial node of the cotton plant fruit branch to the ground;
(3) angle of fruit branch: measuring the included angle between the inverted 3 fruit branches and the stalks by using an angle gauge;
(4) measuring the lengths of third, seventh and tenth fruit branches;
(5) stalk and fruit branch hardness: observing whether the stems and the fruit branches are bent or not;
(6) number of node bell of single plant: cotton plant individual boll number, boll with diameter above 2cm is boll, including rotten boll and boll; cotton bolls smaller than bolls and flowers on the same day are bolls, and 3 bolls are converted into 1 boll.
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