CN114946643A

CN114946643A - Continuous spring and summer rotation sowing polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton

Info

Publication number: CN114946643A
Application number: CN202210516232.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何团结; 苏香峰
Original assignee: Cotton Research Institute Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Cotton Research Institute Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-05-12
Filing date: 2022-05-12
Publication date: 2022-08-30
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-12
Also published as: CN114946643B

Abstract

The invention provides a continuous spring and summer alternate sowing polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton, and belongs to the technical field of crop breeding. The breeding method comprises the following steps: creating breeding base materials, namely seeding the first, third and fifth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, seeding the second, fourth and sixth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and repeating the steps until spring and summer are planted alternately to finally breed a new short-season cotton variety; the agronomic characters of the summer seeding identification breeding intermediate material comprise: earliness and fiber quality; the agronomic characters of the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance. The method has the characteristics of accurate character identification, simple operation and simple identification test process, can obviously improve the efficiency of breeding the new short-season cotton variety, and provides a technical basis for the improvement of the breeding method of the new cotton variety and the like.

Description

Continuous spring and summer rotation sowing polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a method for continuously sowing and polymerizing short-season cotton in spring and summer in a rotating manner.

Background

The breeding of new short-season cotton needs to examine and identify its early-maturing property, high-yield property, disease (insect) resistance and fibre quality. However, these excellent traits are different under different environmental conditions, and many of them are negatively correlated, so that it is difficult to achieve a good balance in breeding. To realize the aggregation of multiple excellent traits, a longer variety breeding cycle is generally required. The method is characterized in that the short-season cotton is cultivated by adopting a crossbreeding or backcross transformation method, and through several rounds of single plant selection, plant row comparison and plant line comparison tests, a new strain with basically stable agronomic characters and economic characters can be obtained by planting 6-8 generations. Limited by the condition of photo-thermal resources, the inland region of China can only plant one season of cotton in one year. Therefore, at least 6-8 years are needed for breeding a new short-season cotton line. In order to accelerate the breeding process of short-season cotton and shorten the breeding period, breeders generally adopt a winter-season south-breeding generation-adding technology, plants are planted in a main production area in the season (summer), and the test is continuously carried out from the winter to the south end of a Hainan island, namely: the method is characterized by alternative planting in summer and winter and 'shuttle breeding' in the north and south, and generally only 3-4 years are needed to complete 6-8 generations of planting identification procedures, so that a new strain with basically stable characters is bred. However, the shuttle breeding method mainly completes the generational breeding task in Hainan in winter, and as the south end of the southern Hainan island in the southern China belongs to the tropical monsoon climate region and the main production region of the inland cotton belongs to the subtropical or temperate climate type, the cotton planted in the south China and winter has larger difference with the original land performance due to the change of the growth environment, and the agronomic performance performances such as the earliness, the high yield, the resistance, the quality and the like of the breeding material are difficult to be comprehensively and accurately identified.

The cotton is planted in a main producing area and has two sowing periods of spring sowing and summer sowing. Due to the difference of natural climate conditions of the growing seasons of the cotton planted in spring and the cotton planted in summer, the character performance of the same cotton variety is often greatly different between the time of spring sowing and the time of summer sowing. For example: during spring sowing, the early maturity of cotton is difficult to accurately identify due to the fact that the early temperature is low and the growing season of the cotton is long; however, when the cotton is sowed in summer, the disease resistance of the cotton is difficult to accurately identify due to high temperature and no symptoms (hidden symptoms) are often expressed after diseases such as blight and the like are infected, and the cotton is sowed in summer, the growing season is short, the fiber quality is generally poor, and the quality selection pressure is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for continuous spring and summer rotation sowing polymerization breeding of short-season cotton, wherein the high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance of the short-season cotton breeding intermediate material are identified through spring sowing, the earliness and fiber quality of the short-season cotton breeding intermediate material are identified through summer sowing, the high yield, resistance, quality and earliness of the short-season cotton breeding intermediate material can be accurately identified through 3-4 rounds of continuous spring and summer rotation sowing, and finally, various excellent characters are polymerized into a selected new short-season cotton variety.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a continuous spring and summer rotation sowing polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton comprises the following steps: creating breeding base materials, namely seeding the first, third and fifth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, seeding the second, fourth and sixth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and repeating the steps until spring and summer are planted alternately to finally breed a new short-season cotton variety; the agronomic characters of the summer seeding identification breeding intermediate material comprise: earliness and fiber quality; the agronomic characters of the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance.

Preferably, the breeding base material is obtained by one of three routes:

selecting two parents to configure a hybridization combination; or backcrossing the filial generation with one of the parents; or selecting variant individuals from existing varieties or strains.

Preferably, the breeding base material is created in a summer-sown cotton field, and the earliness of the parent material is identified.

Preferably, the spring sowing is performed in the middle of 4 months, and the summer sowing is performed in the last 5 months.

Preferably, the breeding intermediate material is a previous generation individual plant progeny, a filial generation or a backcross progeny.

More preferably, the breeding intermediate material is hybrid material of separate generations from cross breeding F2 generation to F6 generation, hybrid material of separate generations from backcross breeding BC1F1 generation, BC1F2 generation to BC1F6 generation, and each progeny material of selected individual plant is systematically bred.

Preferably, the high yield includes the yield of the unginned cotton, the clothes fraction and the yield of the ginned cotton, and the selection criteria are as follows: higher than 5% of the control, and higher than the average value when no control is provided; the disease resistance comprises the resistance to cotton wilt and verticillium wilt, and the selection criteria are as follows: the index of the wilt disease is less than 20, and the index of the greensickness disease is less than 35; the insect resistance includes resistance to lepidopteran pests obtained by introduction of an exogenous Bt gene.

Preferably, the fiber quality comprises the average length of the upper half part of the cotton fiber, the uniformity, the breaking ratio strength and the micronaire value for representing the fineness of the fiber, and the selection criteria are as follows: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 28 mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30 cN/tex, the Marcron value is 3.5-4.9, and the uniformity is more than 80%; the earliness comprises the cotton growth period and the first fruit branch position, the selection criteria are that the growth period is less than 110 days, and the first fruit branch position is 5-6 nodes.

Preferably, 3-4 rounds of spring and summer alternate planting are performed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a continuous spring and summer alternate sowing polymerization breeding method of short-season cotton, wherein high yield, resistance, quality and earliness of short-season cotton breeding progeny materials are respectively identified by continuously and alternately planting the short-season cotton breeding progeny materials for multiple times in spring and summer, and rapid and efficient polymerization of excellent agronomic characters can be realized. The method has the characteristics of accurate character identification, simple operation and simple identification test process, and can obviously improve the efficiency of breeding new short-season cotton varieties.

The method has wide adaptability, can be applied to breeding new varieties of common spring cotton on the basis of the method, and can comprehensively identify the agronomic characters such as the high yield, the resistance, the quality, the early maturity and the like of the systematically bred single plant material and the hybridization breeding progeny material. Therefore, the invention provides a technical basis for the improvement of a breeding method of a new cotton variety and the like.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a continuous spring and summer alternate sowing polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton, which comprises the following steps: creating breeding base materials, namely seeding the first, third and fifth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, seeding the second, fourth and sixth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and repeating the steps until spring and summer are planted alternately to finally breed a new short-season cotton variety; the agronomic characters of the summer seeding identification breeding intermediate material comprise: earliness and fiber quality; the agronomic characters of the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Breeding of short-season cotton new variety Anhui cotton 1331S

"Wan Cotton 1331S" is a new variety of short-season cotton bred by continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding technology adopted by the research institute of Cotton of agricultural academy of sciences of Anhui province. The variety has good earliness, high yield, stable yield and strong disease resistance. The variety is prepared by taking the No. 10 Chinese cotton institute (from the systematic breeding of the No. one black mountain cotton) as a female parent and a self-bred line 'NN 1462B' as a male parent through hybridization matching, single plant selection, plant row comparison, strain comparison, quality detection and disease nursery identification breeding. The regional test of the variety of the short-season cotton in Anhui province was carried out in 2015 and 2016, and the approval of the crop variety approval committee in Anhui province was submitted in 2022. The breeding of the variety adopts a continuous spring and summer rotation sowing polymerization breeding technology, and the specific breeding process is as follows:

1. creation and propagation of breeding basic material

In 2008, a parent material 'Zhongmiao No. 10' with complementary agronomic characters and high combining ability and a self-breeding strain 'NN 1462B' are selected in a summer sowing cotton field to be configured and hybridized and combined, and hybrid seeds are harvested (F0 generation). F1 generation is planted in spring in 2009 for propagation. The test sites are all in the Yangjiang region of Anhui province, Anqing city.

2. Spring and summer alternate seeding identification of separation generation breeding intermediate material

F2 summer seeding: the No. 10 XNN 1462B of Zhongmian cotton institute planted in Anqing city in 2010, F2, and sowed in 25 days in 5 months. The earliness of the test material is mainly identified, and 10 individual plants are selected to be mixed and tested according to the standard that the growth period is less than 110 days and the first fruit branch node is 3-5.

F3 spring sowing: the "Zhongmian 10 XNN 1462B" F3 mixed line was planted in Anqing city in 2011 for line comparison. Sowing the seeds for 20 days in 4 months, and mainly identifying the high yield of the test material. The test result shows that the mixed system of No. 10 XNN 1462B of Zhongmiao institute is F3, the yield of ginned cotton per mu is 90.6 kg, the yield is increased by 3.19 percent compared with that of a reference row, the 3 rd position of the Ju Shen test combination is 3 percent, and the pre-frost flower rate is 80.7 percent. The average length of the upper half part of the fiber is 30.8 mm, the specific strength is 28.2 cN/tex, and the Marlon value is 4.1. Shows better disease tolerance to blight and verticillium wilt in serious disease areas. Selecting 10 single plants with strong seed bearing capacity and good disease resistance to be mixed for collecting test seeds.

F4 summer seeding: the mixed line of No. 10 XNN 1462B of "Zhongmian cottonshore" F4 was continuously planted in Anqing city in 2012 for line comparison. 5 months and 22 days, and the earliness of the test material is mainly identified. And selecting 20 single plants with early boll opening and 3-5 nodes of the first fruit branch. Through seed test, 10 single plants with the average length of the upper half of the fiber of more than 30 millimeters, the specific strength of more than 30 cN/tex and the Marclone value of 4.5-5.0 are reserved.

F5 spring sowing: resistance and high yield identification are carried out in an artificial disease nursery for cotton blight and verticillium wilt in this unit of Anqing city in 2013. Sowing the seeds at 22 days 4 months, planting the rows of the F5 plant of the No. 10 XNN 1462B ' of the Zhongmiao according to a single plant, and selecting the superior rows by comparison, wherein the number of the superior rows is ' 13-31 '. Through seed test, the plant height of the plant row of 13-31 is 118.6 cm, the number of fruit branches is 19.8, the single plant bears 32.3 bolls, the weight of the single boll is 5.86 g, the seed finger is 12.2 g, the coat finger is 8.2 g, the coat score is 40.22%, and the pre-frost flowering rate is 88.29%; the yield of seed cotton per mu is 268.69 kilograms, which is increased by 10.44 percent compared with the control row and is positioned at the 1 st position; the yield per mu of the ginned cotton is 108.23 kilograms, which is increased by 10.52 percent compared with the control row and is positioned at the 1 st position; the disease resistance is strong, wherein the blight refers to 9.1, the blight is resistant, and the verticillium wilt refers to 28.8, and the verticillium wilt is resistant; the fiber has excellent quality, the average length of the upper half part is 32.2 mm, the specific strength is 32.3 cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.8, the uniformity is 85.3 percent, and the product is finally named as Wan cotton 1331S.

F6 summer seeding: in 2014, the method participates in comparison tests of the short-season cotton varieties in Anhui province, tests are carried out according to a unified test scheme, the high yield, the disease resistance, the earliness, the fiber quality and the like of the short-season cotton strains are identified, and the regional test varieties of the short-season cotton are screened. In a comparison test of varieties of short-season cotton in Anhui province, 2014, the Anhui cotton 1331S plants are short, compact and cylindrical, and have medium stem fuzz; fruit branches of formula II, light green leaves, medium and small leaves; long boll, oval shape, medium size and small size, strong boll-forming property and concentrated boll opening. High yield and high quality of fiber. Good earliness, growth period 110 days. The yield per mu of the ginned cotton is 59.2 kilograms, and is increased by 8.78 percent compared with the control; the fusarium wilt is 5.7, and the fusarium wilt is resistant; verticillium wilt refers to 32.6, resistant verticillium wilt; the upper half of the fiber had an average length of 31.4 mm, a specific strength of 28.0 cN/tex and a Marlon number of 4.3.

Through the spring and summer rotation sowing identification, the Wan cotton 1331S realizes the polymerization of high yield, disease resistance, high quality, prematurity and other excellent agronomic characters. In regional tests of Anhui province short-season cotton varieties in 2015 and 2016, the average growth period is 108 days, the plant height is 88.6 cm, the number of fruit branches is 9.8, the node of the first fruit branch is 5.7, 13.0 single plants bear bolls, the weight of each single boll is 5.71 g, the weight of each seed finger is 11.4 g, the weight of each seed finger is 7.9 g, and the weight of each seed finger is 38.46%. The average yield per mu of the ginned cotton is 82.25 kg, the yield is increased by 6.39 percent compared with the control, and the blooming rate is 100.0 percent; the fusarium wilt refers to 2.75, the high fusarium wilt resistance, the verticillium wilt refers to 33.0, and the verticillium wilt resistance is achieved; the upper half of the fiber had an average length of 32.35 mm, a specific strength of 34.70 cN/tex, a Marlont value of 4.1, and a regularity of 84.55%.

Example 2

Breeding of short-season cotton line Wan cotton 1906

"Anhui cotton 1906" is a new strain of short-season cotton bred by continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding technology adopted by the research institute of cotton of agricultural academy of Anhui province. The variety has good earliness, high yield, stable yield and strong disease resistance. The parent sources of the variety are as follows: the Yuzao 1109 multiplied by Zhonghuan cotton No. 2 is bred into a high-quality early maturing line through continuous years of selection. In 2011, a hybrid combination is prepared in a cotton field sowed in summer, and F1 generations are sowed in the spring of 2012, so that a breeding base material is propagated; the cross-breeding intermediate material is subjected to 3-round spring and summer alternate sowing identification tests and selection in 6 consecutive years in 2013-2018 in the artificial disease nursery of the unit of Anqing city, Anhui province, namely: f2 generation summer sowing identification in 2013, F3 generation spring sowing identification in 2014, F4 generation summer sowing identification in 2015, F5 generation spring sowing identification in 2016, F6 generation summer sowing identification in 2017, and strain selection strain spring sowing development strain comparison tests in 2018.

The strain has the advantages of medium plant, sparse plant type, medium red and green stem and hairy antler, infinite fruit branches, large palm shape and medium size of leaves, more hairy antler, oval shape with long bolls, large medium size, strong boll forming property, smooth and concentrated boll opening, white and white wadding, more short fibre and grey white color. In a 2018 strain comparison test, the yield of ginned cotton per mu of the strain is 85.6 kilograms. The average length of the upper half part of the fiber of the strain is 30.6 mm, the specific strength is 30.2 cN/tex, and the Marlon value is 4.9. Shows better disease tolerance to blight and verticillium wilt in serious disease areas. One of the parents carries Bt insect-resistant exogenous gene and has insect resistance. The test final selection line number in 2019 is '19-06', the name is 'Wan Cotton 1906', and the test is submitted to the comparison test of cotton varieties in Anhui province in 2022.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous spring and summer rotation sowing polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps: creating breeding base materials, namely seeding the first, third and fifth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, seeding the second, fourth and sixth separated generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and repeating the steps until spring and summer are planted alternately to finally breed a new short-season cotton variety;

the agronomic characters of the summer seeding identification breeding intermediate material comprise: earliness and fiber quality; the agronomic characters of the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance.

2. The method for continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding of short-season cotton according to claim 1, wherein the breeding base material is obtained through one of three ways:

3. The method for continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding of short-season cotton according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the breeding base material is created in a summer sowing cotton field, and the earliness of parent materials is identified.

4. The method for continuous spring and summer rotation seeding of short season cotton according to claim 1, wherein the spring seeding is performed in the middle of 4 months and the summer seeding is performed in the lower of 5 months.

5. The method for continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding of short-season cotton according to claim 1, wherein the breeding intermediate material is a single plant progeny, a hybrid progeny or a backcross progeny of a previous generation.

6. The continuous spring and summer rotation sowing polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton according to claim 5, wherein the breeding intermediate materials are hybrid materials of separate generations from F2 generation to F6 generation of crossbreeding, hybrid materials of separate generations from BC1F1 generation, BC1F2 generation to BC1F6 generation of backcrossing, and each progeny material of selected single plants is systematically bred.

7. The method for continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding of short-season cotton according to claim 1, wherein the high yield includes yield of unginned cotton, cotton fraction and ginned cotton, and the selection criteria are as follows: higher than 5% of the control, and higher than the average value when no control is provided; the disease resistance comprises resistance to cotton wilt and verticillium wilt, and the selection criteria are as follows: the index of the wilt disease is less than 20, and the index of the greensickness disease is less than 35; the insect resistance includes resistance to lepidopteran pests obtained by introduction of an exogenous Bt gene.

8. The method for continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding of short-season cotton according to claim 1, wherein the fiber quality comprises the average length of the upper half part of cotton fiber, the uniformity, the breaking ratio strength and the micronaire value representing the fineness of the fiber, and the selection criteria are as follows: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 28 mm, the breaking specific strength is more than 30 cN/tex, the Marcron value is 3.5-4.9, and the uniformity is more than 80%; the earliness comprises the cotton growth period and the first fruit branch position, the selection criteria are that the growth period is less than 110 days, and the first fruit branch position is 5-6 nodes.

9. The continuous spring and summer rotation sowing and polymerization breeding method for the short-season cotton according to claim 1, wherein 3-4 rounds of spring and summer rotation planting are performed.