CN114946643B

CN114946643B - Short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN114946643B
Application number: CN202210516232.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何团结; 苏香峰
Original assignee: Cotton Research Institute Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Cotton Research Institute Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-05-12
Filing date: 2022-05-12
Publication date: 2023-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-12
Also published as: CN114946643A

Abstract

The invention provides a short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of crop breeding. The breeding method of the invention comprises the following steps: creating a breeding base material, sowing first, third and fifth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, sowing second, fourth and sixth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and so on, alternately planting in spring and summer, and finally breeding a new short-season cotton variety; the agronomic traits of the summer sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: precocity and fiber quality; the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprises the following agronomic characters: high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance. The method has the characteristics of accurate character identification, simple operation and simple identification test process, can remarkably improve the efficiency of breeding new varieties of cotton in short seasons, and provides a technical basis for improving the breeding method of the new varieties of cotton and the like.

Description

Short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method.

Background

The breeding of new cotton varieties in short season needs to examine and identify various characters such as early maturing, high yield, disease (insect) resistance, fiber quality and the like. However, these excellent traits are different in performance under different environmental conditions, and there are many negative correlations between traits, which often makes it difficult to achieve both breeding. To achieve the aggregation of multiple excellent traits, a longer variety breeding cycle is generally required. Short-season cotton is cultivated by adopting a hybridization breeding or backcross transformation method, and 6-8 generations of cultivation are often needed to obtain a new line with basically stable agronomic and economic properties through several rounds of single plant selection, plant row comparison and plant line comparison experiments. Limited by the light and heat resource condition, cotton can be planted in inland areas of China only one year. Therefore, at least 6-8 years are required to develop a new line of short season cotton. In order to accelerate the breeding process of cotton in short season and shorten the breeding period, breeders generally adopt a technique of breeding and adding generations in south in winter, planting is carried out in a main production area in the normal season (summer), and a test is continuously carried out from winter to south end of Hainan island, namely: the alternate planting in summer and winter, the shuttle breeding in north and south can finish the planting identification program of 6-8 generations in 3-4 years, and the new strain with basically stable characters is bred. However, the shuttle breeding method mainly completes the generation-added breeding task in Hainan in winter, and because the south end of the Hainan island of the south breeding land belongs to a tropical monsoon climate region and the inland cotton main production region belongs to a subtropical or temperate climate type, the cotton planted in south breeding in winter has great difference with the original surface of the cotton due to the change of the growth environment, and the early maturity, high yield, resistance, quality and other agronomic character performances of the breeding material are difficult to comprehensively and accurately identify.

Cotton is planted in a main production area, and two sowing periods are available, namely spring sowing and summer sowing. The natural climate conditions of spring sowing and summer sowing cotton are different, so that the property performance of the same cotton variety in spring sowing and summer sowing often has larger difference. For example: the early air temperature of cotton is lower in spring sowing, so that the cotton growing season is longer, and the early maturity of the cotton is difficult to accurately identify in spring sowing; and the cotton summer sowing is difficult to accurately identify the disease resistance because the cotton summer sowing does not show symptoms (symptoms) after being infected by diseases such as fusarium wilt and the like due to higher air temperature, and the cotton summer sowing is short in growing season, the fiber quality is generally poor, and the quality selection pressure is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a continuous spring and summer round-robin polymerization breeding method for short-season cotton, which is characterized in that the high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance of a short-season cotton breeding intermediate material are identified through spring sowing, the precocity and fiber quality of the intermediate material are identified through summer sowing, and the high yield, the resistance, the quality and the precocity of the intermediate material can be accurately identified through 3-4 rounds of continuous spring and summer round sowing, and finally various excellent characters are polymerized into a new variety of the bred short-season cotton.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method comprises the following steps: creating a breeding base material, sowing first, third and fifth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, sowing second, fourth and sixth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and so on, alternately planting in spring and summer, and finally breeding a new short-season cotton variety; the agronomic traits of the summer sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: precocity and fiber quality; the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprises the following agronomic characters: high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance.

Preferably, the breeding base material is obtained by one of three routes:

selecting two parent configurations to be hybridized; or backcrossing the filial generation with one of the parents; or selecting variant individual strains from existing varieties or strains.

Preferably, the creation of the breeding base material is performed in summer sowing cotton fields, and the precocity of the parent material is identified.

Preferably, the spring sowing is performed in the middle ten days of 4 months, and the summer sowing is performed in the late 5 months.

Preferably, the breeding intermediate material is a single plant progeny, a hybrid progeny or a backcross progeny of the previous generation.

More preferably, the breeding intermediate material is a hybrid material of each separate generation from the cross breeding F2 generation to the F6 generation, a hybrid material of each separate generation from the backcross BC1F1 generation and the BC1F2 generation to the BC1F6 generation, and each offspring material of the systematic breeding selected single plant.

Preferably, the high yield comprises the subsoil yield, the clothing fraction and the ginned cotton yield, and the selection criteria are as follows: above 5% of control, above average when no control is set; the disease resistance comprises resistance to cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, and the selection criteria are as follows: the disease index of the fusarium wilt is less than 20, and the disease index of the verticillium wilt is less than 35; the insect resistance includes resistance to lepidopteran pests obtained by exogenous Bt gene introduction.

Preferably, the fiber quality comprises the average length, the uniformity, the fracture specific strength and the micronaire value of the upper half part of the cotton fiber, wherein the micronaire value is characterized by the fineness of the fiber, and the selected criteria are as follows: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 28 mm, the fracture specific strength is more than 30 cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.5-4.9, and the uniformity is more than 80%; the early maturity comprises a cotton growing period and a first fruit branch position, the selection standard is that the growing period is less than 110 days, and the first fruit branch position is 5-6 knots.

Preferably, the spring and summer alternate planting is carried out for 3-4 times.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method, which is characterized in that the short-season cotton breeding offspring materials are continuously planted in spring and summer repeatedly in a rotation mode, the high yield, the resistance, the quality and the early maturity of the short-season cotton breeding offspring materials are respectively identified, and the rapid and efficient polymerization of excellent agronomic characters can be realized. The method has the characteristics of accurate character identification, simple operation and simple identification test process, and can remarkably improve the efficiency of breeding new varieties of short-season cotton.

The invention has wide adaptability, can be applied to the breeding of new varieties of common spring cotton on the basis of the invention, and can comprehensively identify the agronomic characters such as the high yield, the resistance, the quality, the early maturity and the like of single plant materials and hybridization breeding offspring materials of systematic breeding. Therefore, the invention provides a technical basis for improvement of a cotton new variety breeding method and the like.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method, which comprises the following steps: creating a breeding base material, sowing first, third and fifth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, sowing second, fourth and sixth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and so on, alternately planting in spring and summer, and finally breeding a new short-season cotton variety; the agronomic traits of the summer sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: precocity and fiber quality; the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprises the following agronomic characters: high yield, disease resistance and insect resistance.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Breeding of short-season cotton new variety' Anhui cotton 1331S

"Wan cotton 1331S" is a new short-season cotton variety selected and bred by adopting continuous spring and summer carousel polymer breeding technology in cotton research institute of agricultural sciences of Anhui province. The variety has good early maturing property, good high yield, good stable yield and strong disease resistance. The variety is obtained by taking the cotton institute No. 10 (from the system breeding of the black mountain cotton No. one) as a female parent and taking the self-bred strain NN1462B as a male parent through hybridization group, single plant selection, plant row comparison, plant line comparison, quality detection and disease nursery identification breeding. The short-season cotton variety area test of Anhui province is participated in 2015 and 2016, and the approval of the crop variety approval committee of Anhui province is submitted in 2022. The breeding of the variety adopts a continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding technology, and the specific breeding process is as follows:

1. creation and propagation of breeding base materials

In 2008, a hybrid combination is configured by selecting a parent material of ' cotton seed 10 ' with complementary agronomic characters and high coordination force ' and a self-bred strain ' NN1462B ' in summer sowing cotton fields, and hybrid seeds (F0 generation) are harvested. 2009. F1 generation is planted in spring sowing in the year, and the seed is expanded and mixed. The test sites are all in the Yingjiang area of Anqing city of Anhui province.

2. Spring and summer carousel identification for separating intermediate materials of generation breeding

F2 generation summer sowing: the cotton institute 10×nn1462b "F2 was planted in the city of angqing in 2010, and sown for 5 months and 25 days. And (3) mainly identifying the precocity of the test materials, and selecting 10 single plant mixed harvest seeds according to the standard that the growth period is less than 110 days and the first fruit branch is 3-5 knots.

Spring sowing of F3 generation: the line comparison was performed in 2011 by planting "Zhongxiao cotton 10×NN1462B" F3 hybrid line in Anqing city ". Sowing for 4 months and 20 days, and mainly identifying the high yield of the test material. The test result shows that the per mu yield of ginned cotton of 10 XNN 1462B F3 mixed line of the Zhongcotton is 90.6 kg, the yield is increased by 3.19% compared with that of a control row, the 3 rd position of the reference combination is occupied, and the pre-frost flower rate is 80.7%. The upper half of the fiber was found to have an average length of 30.8 mm, a specific strength of 28.2 cN/tex and a MAclone number of 4.1. The composition shows better disease resistance to withered and verticillium wilt in severe disease places. 10 single plants with strong bell formation and good disease resistance are selected for mixed harvest and test.

And F4, summer sowing: the line comparison was performed in 2012 by continuing to plant "Zhongcotton 10×NN1462B" F4 hybrid line in Anqing city. Sowing is carried out for 5 months and 22 days, and the precocity of the test materials is mainly identified. And 20 single plants with early boll opening and 3-5 first fruit branches are selected. Through examination, 10 single plants with average length of more than 30 mm, specific strength of more than 30 cN/Tex and micronaire value of 4.5-5.0 are reserved in the upper half part of the fiber.

Spring sowing of F5 generation: the identification of resistance and high yield is carried out in 2013 on the cotton verticillium wilt artificial disease nursery of the unit in Anqing city. Sowing for 4 months and 22 days, and comparing and selecting the 10 # NN1462B F5 strain rows of the Zhongcotton plant by the single plant, wherein the number of the selected excellent strain row is 13-31. Through seed examination detection, the plant height of the plant row '13-31' is 118.6 cm, the number of plant branches is 19.8, the number of single plant node bells is 32.3, the weight of single plant node bell is 5.86 g, the number of sub-fingers is 12.2 g, the number of clothing fingers is 8.2 g, the clothing fraction is 40.22%, and the pre-frost flower rate is 88.29%; seed cotton yield per mu is 268.69 kg, and is increased by 10.44% compared with that of a control row, and the seed cotton is at the 1 st position; the per mu yield of the ginned cotton is 108.23 kg, which is increased by 10.52% compared with the yield of the control row, and the ginned cotton is at the 1 st position; the disease resistance is strong, the fusarium wilt refers to 9.1 and the fusarium wilt resistance, and the verticillium wilt refers to 28.8 and the verticillium wilt resistance; the fiber quality is excellent, the average length of the upper half part is 32.2 mm, the specific strength is 32.3 cN/Tex, the MACON value is 4.8, the uniformity is 85.3%, and the final name is "Wan cotton 1331S".

And F6, summer sowing: in 2014, the short-season cotton variety comparison test of Anhui province is participated, the test is carried out according to a unified test scheme, the high yield, disease resistance, early maturity, fiber quality and the like of the short-season cotton variety are identified, and the short-season cotton regional test variety is screened. In a short-season cotton variety comparison test in Anhui province in 2014, the 'Anhui cotton 1331S' plant is short and small, the plant type is compact, the plant is in a cylinder shape, and the stem is in fuzz; formula II fruit branches, pale green leaves, small leaves and the like; long bell, slightly smaller, strong bell, concentrated boll discharge. High yield and high quality of fiber. Good early maturing and 110 days in growth period. The yield per mu of the ginned cotton is 59.2 kg, and is increased by 8.78% compared with the control; wilt refers to 5.7, resistance to wilt; verticillium wilt refers to 32.6, verticillium wilt resistance; the average length of the upper half of the fiber was 31.4 mm, the specific strength was 28.0 cN/tex, and the MAclone number was 4.3.

Through the spring and summer carousel identification, the 'Wan cotton 1331S' realizes the aggregation of excellent agronomic characters such as high yield, disease resistance, high quality, early maturing and the like. In the area test of short-season cotton varieties in Anhui province of 2015 and 2016, the average growth period is 108 days, the plant height is 88.6 cm, the number of branches is 9.8, the first branch position is 5.7, the number of single plant node bell is 13.0, the weight of single bell is 5.71 g, the sub-finger weight is 11.4 g, the finger weight is 7.9 g, and the finger weight is 38.46%. Average ginned cotton yield per mu is 82.25 kg, and is 6.39% higher than that of control, and the pre-frost flower rate is 100.0%; fusarium wilt refers to 2.75, high fusarium wilt resistance, verticillium wilt refers to 33.0, verticillium wilt resistance; the average length of the upper half of the fiber was 32.35 mm, the specific strength was 34.70 cN/Tex, the MACOL value was 4.1, and the uniformity was 84.55%.

Example 2

Breeding of short-season cotton strain "Wan cotton 1906

"Wan cotton 1906" is a new short-season cotton strain bred by continuous spring and summer round-robin polymerization breeding technology adopted by cotton research institute of Anhui province and agricultural sciences. The variety has good early maturing property, good high yield, good stable yield and strong disease resistance. The parent sources of the variety are as follows: the high-quality early maturing line is selected from the cotton planted No. 2 in 1109 x in Yuan early for many years. Preparing a hybridization combination in summer sowing cotton fields in 2011, planting F1 generation in spring sowing in 2012, and expanding a seed base material; the intermediate materials of the filial generation breeding are subjected to 3 rounds of spring and summer carousel identification tests and selection in the artificial disease nursery of the unit of Anqing city of Anhui province for 6 years successively in 2013-2018, namely: the method comprises the steps of F2 summer sowing identification in 2013, F3 spring sowing identification in 2014, F4 summer sowing identification in 2015, F5 spring sowing identification in 2016, F6 summer sowing identification in 2017, spring sowing of a selected strain in 2018, and strain comparison test, wherein the single plant selection, the plant row comparison, the strain comparison, the quality detection and the disease nursery identification test are completed, and meanwhile, the high yield, the disease resistance, the insect resistance, the early maturity and the fiber quality of the plant are accurately and comprehensively examined and identified, so that the aggregation of excellent properties such as high yield, disease resistance, high quality and early maturity is realized.

The strain is medium in plants, the strain is sparse, the stems are red and green, the fuzz is medium, the fruit branches are infinite, the palm shape of the leaves is large, the fuzz is more, the bell is long and oval, the medium is large, the boll forming property is strong, the boll opening is smooth and concentrated, the boll color is white, the short velvet is more, and the gray color is realized. In a 2018 strain comparison test, the yield of ginned cotton per mu of the strain is 85.6 kg. The average length of the upper half of the strain fiber is 30.6 mm, the specific strength is 30.2 cN/tex, and the MAclone value is 4.9. The composition shows better disease resistance to withered and verticillium wilt in severe disease places. One of the parents carries Bt insect-resistant exogenous genes and has insect resistance. The test of 2019 is carried out by determining the serial number of "19-06", which is named as "Wan cotton 1906", and submitting in 2022 to participate in the cotton variety comparison test of Anhui province.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymerization breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: creating a breeding base material, sowing first, third and fifth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in summer, sowing second, fourth and sixth separate generation breeding intermediate materials in spring, and so on, alternately planting in spring and summer, and finally breeding a new short-season cotton variety;

the agronomic traits of the summer sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprise: precocity and fiber quality; the spring sowing identification breeding intermediate material comprises the following agronomic characters: high yield, disease resistance, insect resistance;

the fiber quality comprises the average length, the uniformity, the fracture specific strength and the micronaire value representing the fineness of the cotton fiber, and the selected standard is as follows: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than 28 mm, the fracture specific strength is more than 30 cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.5-4.9, and the uniformity is more than 80%; the early maturity comprises a cotton growing period and a first fruit branch position, the selection standard is that the growing period is less than 110 days, and the first fruit branch position is 5-6 knots;

the high yield comprises the subsoil yield, the clothing fraction and the ginned cotton yield, and the selection standards are as follows: above 5% of control, above average when no control is set; the disease resistance comprises resistance to cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, and the selection criteria are as follows: the disease index of the fusarium wilt is less than 20, and the disease index of the verticillium wilt is less than 35; the insect resistance includes resistance to lepidopteran pests obtained by exogenous Bt gene introduction;

and 3-4 times of planting are carried out in turn in spring and summer.

2. The short-season cotton continuous spring and summer carousel polymeric breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the breeding base material is obtained by one of three ways:

3. The short-season cotton continuous spring-summer round-robin polymerization breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the creation of the breeding base material is performed in summer-sowing cotton fields, and the precocity of the parent material is identified.

4. The method for round robin and aggregate breeding of short-season cotton according to claim 1, wherein the spring is sown in the middle of 4 months and the summer is sown in the late 5 months.

5. The short-season cotton continuous spring and summer round-robin polymerization breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the breeding intermediate material is a single plant offspring, a hybrid offspring or a backcross offspring of an upper generation.

6. The method for round-robin polymerization breeding of short-season cotton in spring and summer according to claim 5, wherein the breeding intermediate material is a mixed material of each separate generation from F2 generation to F6 generation, a mixed material of each separate generation from backcross BC1F1 generation and BC1F2 generation to BC1F6 generation, and each offspring material of a systematic breeding selection.