CN111149687A - Method for cultivating cotton variety suitable for thin, dense-tolerant and rot-resistant bolls in thin and dense alternating environment - Google Patents
Method for cultivating cotton variety suitable for thin, dense-tolerant and rot-resistant bolls in thin and dense alternating environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149687A CN111149687A CN202010131562.5A CN202010131562A CN111149687A CN 111149687 A CN111149687 A CN 111149687A CN 202010131562 A CN202010131562 A CN 202010131562A CN 111149687 A CN111149687 A CN 111149687A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a cotton variety suitable for thin, dense and rot-proof bolls in a thin and dense alternating environment, which comprises the following steps: (1) hybridizing the female parent and the male parent to obtain F1 generation seeds; (2) carrying out thin planting on plants of the F2 generation, screening single plants with large yield increase potential, and harvesting seeds of the F3 generation; (3) carrying out close planting on plants of the F3 generation, screening single plants with good tightness and rot resistance, and harvesting seeds of the F4 generation; (4) carrying out thin planting on plants of the F4 generation, screening single plants with large yield increase potential, and harvesting seeds of the F5 generation; (5) carrying out close planting on plants of the F5 generation, screening single plants with good tightness and rot resistance, and harvesting seeds of the F6 generation; (6) sowing seeds of F6 generation to obtain plants of F6 generation, carrying out conventional density planting on the plants of F6 generation, screening single plants with high yield, quality, disease resistance and earliness, and harvesting seeds of F7 generation; (7) f7 seeds are sown, and the step (6) is repeated to breed a new strain of cotton which is suitable for thin, dense and rot-proof bolls.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cotton breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a cotton variety which is suitable for thin, dense-tolerant and rot-resistant bolls in a thin and dense alternating environment.
Background
The cotton improvement work in China in the 50 s of the 20 th century is mainly based on introduction and systematic breeding; systematic breeding and crossbreeding are the main ones in the 60-70 s; the method of cross breeding is mainly adopted after 80 years; in the 90 s, breeders increasingly adopt a method combining biotechnology and conventional breeding to cultivate new varieties, the addition of the biotechnology plays a crucial role, but the practical popularization has great limitation, so that the conventional breeding method (systematic breeding and cross breeding) is mainly used for cultivating new varieties of cotton at present, and other methods are used as assistance.
Conventional breeding method-line selection method. The method comprises the steps of selecting crossbred parents according to breeding targets, directionally selecting crossbred progeny groups according to the breeding targets, adopting a method of line-single-line, namely selecting single plants with target properties from progeny materials, planting adult lines, selecting single plants with the target properties from lines, and then planting adult lines until all the properties are completely stable (generally over 8 generations), thus forming new lines.
Environmental stress method: the environment which is not beneficial to the growth of cotton is manufactured, and breeding materials which have good resistance and outstanding performance are screened from the environment. The cotton plant has stronger plasticity, and the density has obvious influence on the cotton yield, the fiber quality and the plant type. In the conventional breeding process, breeding is carried out under the condition of the same density (conventional density 3000-3500 strains/mu), but the performance of characters under different densities is ignored, so the bred variety is not suitable for sparse planting, poor tightness resistance, more rotten bolls under high density and the like, and the variety yield performance is inconsistent due to different planting density habits in different regions in the process of variety popularization, and the production requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to provide a method for cultivating a cotton variety which is suitable for resisting rotten bolls and has thin and dense density under a thin and dense alternating environment. Solves the problems that the variety bred by the prior method is not suitable for thin planting or has poor tightness resistance or has more rotten bells under high density and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for cultivating a cotton variety suitable for thin, dense and rot-proof bolls in a thin and dense alternating environment comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing the female parent and the male parent, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation seeds;
(2) sowing seeds of F1 generation to obtain plants of F1 generation, and harvesting seeds of F2 generation;
(3) sowing seeds of F2 generation to obtain plants of F2 generation, carrying out thin planting on plants of F2 generation, screening single plants with large yield-increasing potential, and harvesting seeds of F3 generation;
(4) sowing seeds of F3 generation to obtain plants of F3 generation, carrying out close planting on plants of F3 generation, screening single plants with good tightness and rot resistance, and harvesting seeds of F4 generation;
(5) sowing seeds of F4 generation to obtain plants of F4 generation, carrying out thin planting on plants of F4 generation, screening single plants with large yield-increasing potential, and harvesting seeds of F5 generation;
(6) sowing seeds of F5 generation to obtain plants of F5 generation, carrying out close planting on plants of F5 generation, screening single plants with good tightness and rot resistance, and harvesting seeds of F6 generation;
(7) sowing seeds of F6 generation to obtain plants of F6 generation, carrying out conventional density planting on the plants of F6 generation, screening single plants with high yield, quality, disease resistance and earliness, and harvesting seeds of F7 generation;
(8) f7 seeds are sown, and the step (7) is repeated to breed a new strain of cotton which is suitable for thin, dense and rot-proof bolls.
Further, screening the single plants with large yield-increasing potential of the single plants refers to selecting the number of bolls of the single plants and the weight of the single bolls as main selection indexes according to the selection standard: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 33, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 6.0g, the number of leaves and branches is 3-5, and the coat weight is more than or equal to 38.0%.
Further, screening the single plants with good tightness refers to that the single plant boll number and the single boll weight are used as main selection indexes, and the selection standard is as follows: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 10, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 5.0g, and the clothes weight is more than or equal to 38.0%.
Furthermore, screening the anti-rotten boll single plant refers to selection of plant type properties such as first fruit branch position, leaf type, leaf quantity, thickness of boll shell and the like by taking the boll-stiffness rate and the rotten boll rate before frost as main selection indexes. Selection criteria: the boll rotting rate is less than or equal to 5 percent, the flower stiffness before frost is less than or equal to 5 percent, the first fruit branch node is more than or equal to 8, or the first fruit branch height is more than or equal to 30cm, the leaf distribution of the colony is clear, the leaf quantity is medium, the boll shell is thin, and the boll opening time is short.
Furthermore, the screening of the single plants with good yield, quality, disease resistance and earliness means that the yield of the ginned cotton is increased by more than 10 percent compared with the contrast, the ginned cotton is withered and verticillium wilt resistant, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than or equal to 28mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 28cN/tex, the micronaire value is less than or equal to 5.5, the growth period is 125 +/-5 days, and the pre-frost flowering rate is more than or equal to 90 percent.
Furthermore, the sparse planting means 2000-2500 plants/mu, the dense planting means 5000-6000 plants/mu, and the conventional density planting means 3000-3500 plants/mu.
Furthermore, the female parent is a Ji 668 offspring selected line N111+ N112, and the male parent is a Jifeng 106.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention mainly improves the conventional cotton breeding method, changes a single breeding density environment into a multi-density environment, and enables progeny materials to be screened under different densities. Under the condition of dilute density, the screening of yield increasing potential of a single plant is increased, under the condition of high density, the screening of tightness resistance and rotten boll resistance is increased, and under the conventional density, the screening of yield, quality and resistance is increased, so that the bred cotton variety has the characteristic of being suitable for dilute, dense and rotten boll resistance, and the defect of insufficient characters of the existing cotton variety is overcome.
The new cotton variety which is suitable for being used for growing the cotton and is thin, dense and rotten-resistant is suitable for being planted under the condition of different densities after being popularized and applied, higher yield can be obtained, and the yield reduction caused by rotten bolls in the production process of the cotton can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the breeding process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a field test report for close-planting;
fig. 3 is a field test report for sparse planting.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention relates to a biological material wing 668 offspring selection line N111+ N112 in non-patent literature, "breeding and matching cultivation technique of insect-resistant cotton variety Jifeng 1982"; chinese cotton 2019,46 (10); 38-39, applicants ensure that the release of biological material to the public occurs within twenty years from the filing date.
Jifeng 106 is an existing biomaterial and can be purchased from commercial sources.
Example 1
(1) In 7 months in 2003, hybridizing a Jifeng 106 strain with strong growth vigor, large boll, excellent fiber quality, high blight resistance and verticillium wilt resistance as a male parent and a Ji111 + N112 strain with stable growth, good earliness, concentrated boll formation and boll spitting, high clothes content, outstanding high yield and high cotton bollworm resistance as a female parent in a Hebei Shizhuang base to obtain F1 generation seeds;
(2) in 10 months in 2003, seeds of F1 generation are sown in Hainan base to obtain plants of F1 generation, and in 3 months in 2004, seeds of F2 generation are harvested.
(3) In 4 months in 2004, sowing seeds of F2 generations in a Shijiazhuang base in Hebei province, performing thin planting according to 2000 plants/mu to obtain plants of F2 generations, screening 285 single plants with large yield-increasing potential, and harvesting seeds of F3 generations; individual plant screening criteria: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 33, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 6.0g, the number of leaves and branches is 3-5, and the coat weight is more than or equal to 38.0%.
(4) In 10 months in 2004, sowing seeds of F3 generations in a Hainan base, performing close planting according to 6000 plants/mu to obtain plants of F3 generations, screening 256 single plants with good tightness resistance and rotten bell resistance, and harvesting seeds of F4 generations; screening the single plant standard with good tightness: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 10, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 5.0g, and the clothes weight is more than or equal to 38.0%. Screening out the standard of the anti-rotten boll single plant: the boll rotting rate is less than or equal to 5 percent, the flower stiffness before frost is less than or equal to 5 percent, the first fruit branch node is more than or equal to 8, or the first fruit branch height is more than or equal to 30cm, the leaf distribution of the colony is clear, the leaf quantity is medium, the boll shell is thin, and the boll opening time is short.
(5) In 4 months of 2005, sowing seeds of F4 generations in a Hebei stone village base, performing thin planting according to 2500 plants/mu to obtain plants of F4 generations, screening 198 single plants with large yield-increasing potential, and harvesting to obtain seeds of F5 generations; screening the single plant standard with large yield increasing potential of the single plant: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 33, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 6.0g, the number of leaves and branches is 3-5, and the coat weight is more than or equal to 38.0%.
(6) In 10 months in 2005, sowing seeds of F5 generations in Hainan base, performing close planting according to 5000 plants/mu to obtain plants of F5 generations, screening 142 single plants with good tightness and rotten-resistant bolls, and harvesting to obtain seeds of F6 generations; screening the single plant standard with good tightness: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 10, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 5.0g, and the clothes weight is more than or equal to 38.0%. Screening out the standard of the anti-rotten boll single plant: the boll rotting rate is less than or equal to 5 percent, the flower stiffness before frost is less than or equal to 5 percent, the first fruit branch node is more than or equal to 8, or the first fruit branch height is more than or equal to 30cm, the leaf distribution of the colony is clear, the leaf quantity is medium, the boll shell is thin, and the boll opening time is short.
(7) In 4 months in 2006, sowing seeds of F6 generations in a Hebei stone village base, performing conventional density planting according to 3000-3500 plants/mu to obtain plants of F6 generations, screening 87 single plants with good high yield, quality, disease resistance and earliness, and harvesting to obtain seeds of F7 generations; screening the single plant standard with good yielding, quality, disease resistance and earliness: compared with the contrast, the yield of the ginned cotton is increased by more than 10 percent, the ginned cotton is resistant to blight and verticillium wilt, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is more than or equal to 28mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 28cN/tex, the micronaire value is less than or equal to 5.5, the growth period is 125 +/-5 days, and the pre-frost bloom rate is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(8) In 2007-2008, seeds of F7 and F8 generations are sown in Hebei Shijiazhuang, the step (7) is repeated, and 12 new strains of cotton which are suitable for sparse density and dense density are bred, wherein the most prominent comprehensive performance is Jifeng 1982.
In 2009 Jifeng 1982, a national agricultural transgenic organism safety evaluation certificate (nong Ji' an character (2009) No. 113) is applied and obtained, and production and application in yellow river watershed are permitted. The method is characterized in that a preparation test of cotton planted in south China and spring sowing in Hebei province in 2010, a regional test in 2011-2012, a production test in 2013 and a new variety of cotton which is suitable for rare, dense-resistant and rot-resistant bolls, namely Jifeng 1982, are bred through examination and determination in Hebei province in 2014.
By the method, a cotton variety Jifeng 1982 approved by Hebei province is cultivated, and the number is examined: ji trial No. 2014001 cotton. Test results in the northern river region: the plant is high, loose, tower-shaped, medium green in leaf color, medium and large in leaf, good in later-stage leaf function, thick and strong in stem, high in first fruit branch node, medium in stem fuzz density, large in bud, uniform in upper, middle and lower bolls, large in boll, oval, high in clothes mark, large in finger, smooth in boll opening, pure white in fiber, high in pre-frost flower rate and good in earliness. 2011 + 2012 Hebei province area test shows that the yield per mu of the unginned cotton and the ginned cotton is 258.8kg and 103.3kg, which are respectively increased by 6.68 percent and 9.95 percent compared with the control Ji cotton 958; in the production test in 2013, the yield per mu of the unginned cotton and the ginned cotton is 231.7kg and 89.7kg, which are respectively increased by 7.10 percent and 8.23 percent compared with the corresponding Ji cotton 958.
In 2017, in Qiu county of Hebei province, production demonstration of dense planting and sparse planting was carried out on Jifeng 1982, and the method is detected by related experts in fields: under the density of 5170 plants per mu (close planting), 10.6 bolls are formed in a single plant without rotten bolls, the average yield per mu of the ginned cotton is 128.4kg, and the yield is increased by 19.4 percent compared with the yield increased by 20.9kg of the ginned cotton of 1271 mu of the main pushing variety in production; under the density of 2634 plants/mu (thin planting), the single plant bears 18.0 bolls without rotten bolls, the average yield per mu of the ginned cotton is 111.5kg, 13.6kg of ginned cotton is increased compared with 1271 mu of Jifeng, a main pushing variety in production, and the yield is increased by 13.9 percent.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating a cotton variety suitable for thin, dense and rot-proof bolls in a thin and dense alternating environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) hybridizing the female parent and the male parent, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation seeds;
(2) sowing seeds of F1 generation to obtain plants of F1 generation, and harvesting seeds of F2 generation;
(3) sowing seeds of F2 generation to obtain plants of F2 generation, carrying out thin planting on plants of F2 generation, screening single plants with large yield-increasing potential, and harvesting seeds of F3 generation;
(4) sowing seeds of F3 generation to obtain plants of F3 generation, carrying out close planting on plants of F3 generation, screening single plants with good tightness and rot resistance, and harvesting seeds of F4 generation;
(5) sowing seeds of F4 generation to obtain plants of F4 generation, carrying out thin planting on plants of F4 generation, screening single plants with large yield-increasing potential, and harvesting seeds of F5 generation;
(6) sowing seeds of F5 generation to obtain plants of F5 generation, carrying out close planting on plants of F5 generation, screening single plants with good tightness and rot resistance, and harvesting seeds of F6 generation;
(7) sowing seeds of F6 generation to obtain plants of F6 generation, carrying out conventional density planting on the plants of F6 generation, screening single plants with high yield, quality, disease resistance and earliness, and harvesting seeds of F7 generation;
(8) f7 seeds are sown, and the step (7) is repeated to breed a new strain of cotton which is suitable for thin, dense and rot-proof bolls.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the screening of the single plant with high yield-increasing potential is performed by taking the number of bolls of the single plant and the weight of the single boll as main selection indexes and selecting the following criteria: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 33, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 6.0g, the number of leaves and branches is 3-5, and the coat weight is more than or equal to 38.0%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening for good tightness means that the selection criteria are as follows, with the number of single plant bolls and the weight of single bolls as main selection criteria: the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 10, the weight of single bolls is more than or equal to 5.0g, and the clothes weight is more than or equal to 38.0%.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the screening of the anti-rotting boll single plant is selection of plant type traits such as first fruit branch node position, leaf type, leaf amount and boll shell thickness by taking the flower stiffness rate before frost and the rotting boll rate as main selection indexes. Selection criteria: the boll rotting rate is less than or equal to 5 percent, the flower stiffness before frost is less than or equal to 5 percent, the first fruit branch node is more than or equal to 8, or the first fruit branch height is more than or equal to 30cm, the leaf distribution of the colony is clear, the leaf quantity is medium, the boll shell is thin, and the boll opening time is short.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the screening of the single plant with good yield, quality, disease resistance and earliness means that the yield of the ginned cotton is increased by more than 10% compared with the control, the ginned cotton is wilt-resistant and verticillium wilt-resistant, the average length of the upper half of the fiber is more than or equal to 28mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 28cN/tex, the micronaire value is less than or equal to 5.5, the growth period is 125 +/-5 days, and the pre-frost flowering rate is more than or equal to 90%.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sparse planting means 2500 plants/mu, the dense planting means 5000-.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the female parent is Ji 668 progeny selected line N111+ N112 and the male parent is Jifeng 106.
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Cited By (1)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112602590A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-06 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Method for breeding density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety |
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