CN112602590A - Method for breeding density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety - Google Patents
Method for breeding density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton breeding, and discloses a breeding method of a density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety, which comprises the following steps: in the breeding, the selection of the population effect is mainly carried out, and the leaf area index and the photosynthetic rate index which are closely related to the population yield and the population density are selected; meanwhile, excellent individual selection is considered, including the number of bolls of a single plant, the weight of the single boll, the included angle of fruit branches closely related to the density and the hardness of stems; and selecting density-resistant cotton varieties by a step-by-step density increasing method. According to the method, the whole process is focused on the yield of the population, the density is increased step by step in the middle and later stages, important index changes closely related to the density such as leaf area index, the photosynthetic rate of the population, fruit branch included angle, stem hardness and the like are considered, the south breeding and north breeding are combined, the breeding process is accelerated, the cultivated cotton variety has better density-resistant, high-yield and lodging-resistant performance, and a new cotton variety suitable for 5000-plus 8000 strains/mu high-density and density-resistant planting in the yellow river basin and having high yield and good lodging resistance can be cultivated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety.
Background
At present, the cotton improvement work in China in the 50 s of the 20 th century is mainly based on introduction and systematic breeding; systematic breeding and crossbreeding are the main ones in the 60-70 s; the method of cross breeding is mainly adopted after 80 years; in the 90 s, breeders increasingly adopt a method of combining biotechnology and conventional breeding to cultivate new varieties, the addition of the biotechnology plays a crucial role in accelerating the breeding process, but the practical popularization and application of the method are still limited. Therefore, the conventional breeding method is mainly used for breeding the new cotton variety at present, and other methods are used as auxiliary methods.
In the conventional breeding method, a line selection method is that crossbred parents are selected according to breeding targets, a filial generation group is directionally selected according to the breeding targets, and a method of line-single-line is adopted, namely, a single line with target characters is selected from a progeny material, an adult line is planted, a single line with the target characters is selected from a line, and the adult line is planted again until all the characters are completely stable (generally over 7 generations), so that the new line is formed. The environmental stress method is to make the environment unfavorable for the growth of cotton, and to screen breeding material with good resistance and outstanding performance. The cotton plant has stronger plasticity, and the density has obvious influence on the cotton yield, the fiber quality and the plant type. In the conventional breeding process, breeding is carried out under the condition of the same lower density (conventional density 3000-3500 strains/mu), and the performance of characters under higher density is ignored. Therefore, the bred varieties have poor tightness or are easy to fall down under high density, and the like, and the yield and the character of the varieties are inconsistent due to different planting density habits in different areas in the process of variety popularization, so that the requirement of densification production of cotton in the yellow river basin is difficult to meet.
The existing cotton breeding method processes are to carry out breeding under the same lower density condition (the density is 3000-; therefore, the bred varieties have poor tightness, seriously reduced quantity and weight of the bolls or easy lodging under high density, and the like, and the varieties have inconsistent yield and character due to different planting density habits in different areas in the process of variety popularization, so that the requirement of the densification production of the cotton in the yellow river basin is difficult to meet. The reason is that the cotton is not screened in a high-density environment during variety breeding, is not stressed by high-density planting of plants, and is not combined with measurement of cotton tightness related indexes such as leaf area index, group photosynthetic rate, stalk hardness and the like during breeding.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: when the cotton variety is bred, the cotton variety is not screened in a high-density environment, is not subjected to the high-density planting stress of plants, and is not determined by combining cotton tightness-resistant related indexes such as leaf area index, group photosynthetic rate, stalk hardness and the like in the breeding process, so that the bred variety has poor tightness resistance, and the number of bolls and the weight of bolls are seriously reduced or is easy to fall down under high density.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of a density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety.
The invention is realized in such a way that a breeding method of a density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety comprises the following steps: in the breeding, the selection of the population effect is mainly carried out, and the leaf area index and the photosynthetic rate index which are closely related to the population yield and the population density are selected; meanwhile, excellent individual selection is considered, including the number of bolls of a single plant, the weight of the single boll, the included angle of fruit branches closely related to the density and the hardness of stems; and selecting density-resistant cotton varieties by a step-by-step density increasing method.
Further, the breeding method of the density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety comprises the following steps:
step one, selection of primary hybrid parents: setting the particle size of the seeds screened in the screening machine, wherein the set screened particle size is more than or equal to 0.6 cm; starting a screening machine to remove seeds with smaller particle size to obtain screened cotton seeds; soaking the screened cotton seeds in clear water, and filtering out seeds floating on the surface; drying the rest seeds in the sun, manually selecting, removing seeds with mildew on the surface and pests to obtain primary hybrid parents;
step two, primary hybridization: selecting high-yield cotton seeds of a self-selected line '156 line' as a primary hybrid male parent, and selecting lodging-resistant cotton seeds of a variety 'Ji 178' as a primary hybrid female parent; cultivating the seeds, and carrying out primary hybridization to obtain F1 seeds;
step three, performing secondary hybridization strengthening characters: preparing soil in the middle ten days of 4 months, sowing the seeds of the F1 generation collected in the step one, cultivating and managing the seeds to obtain plants of the F1 generation, and harvesting the plants to obtain seeds of the F2 generation;
sowing seeds of the F2 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F2 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F2 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 16 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.6 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F3 generation;
fifthly, sowing seeds of the F3 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F3 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F3 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 16 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.6 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F4 generation;
step six, sowing the seeds of the F4 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F4 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F4 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 14 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.4 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F5 generation;
step seven, sowing seeds of the F5 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F5 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F5 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 13 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.2 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F6 generation;
step eight, sowing seeds of the F6 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F6 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F6 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing the plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with high leaf area index, high group photosynthetic rate, small fruit branch included angle and hard stem, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F7 generation, wherein the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 12, and the net weight of the single bolls is more than 5.0 g;
and step nine, sowing seeds of the F7 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F7 generation, namely the density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety.
Further, in the second step, the cultivating the seeds includes:
(1) selecting a land with a deep soil layer and fertile soil as a cotton planting area;
(2) deeply ploughing soil in a cotton planting area, applying a cotton planting compound fertilizer, and ploughing the compound fertilizer into the soil;
(3) soaking the seeds in a seed coating agent, taking out the seeds, and airing the seeds until the surfaces of the seeds are dry;
(4) sowing cotton at the temperature of 10-12 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is set to be 2-3 cm;
(5) cultivating, loosening soil, fixing seedlings and managing water and fertilizer during cultivation after the seeds emerge.
Further, the preparation method of the cotton planting compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 6-8 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 1-3 parts of borax and 1-2 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by mass;
2) mixing diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, EDTA chelated zinc, borax and montmorillonite, and grinding in a grinder to obtain mixed powder;
3) placing the mixed powder in a stirrer, adding water, and stirring to obtain a mixture; and (4) placing the mixture in a granulator for granulation to obtain the cotton planting compound fertilizer.
Further, in the third step, the cultivation and management of seeds includes:
(1) after sowing, monitoring the soil humidity of a cotton planting area, and carrying out drip irrigation on cotton;
(2) after cotton seedlings emerge, applying a cotton planting compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 35 kg per mu;
(3) when the cotton enters the seedling stage, the disease control of the cotton is carried out;
(4) and (5) controlling the insect pests of the cotton when the cotton enters a seedling stage.
Further, in the fourth step, the F2 generation plants are planted with high density, which comprises the following steps: the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.185 m.
Further, in the fifth step, the high-density planting of the plants of the F3 generation comprises the following steps: the planting density is 5500 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.175 m.
Further, in the sixth step, the high-density planting of the plants of the F4 generation comprises the following steps: the planting density is 6000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.146 m.
Further, in the seventh step, the high-density planting of the plants of the F5 generation comprises: the planting density is 7000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.125 m.
Further, in step eight, the high-density planting of the plants of generation F6 comprises: the planting density is 8000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.110 m.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the cotton breeding method technology provided by the invention adopts the whole course to pay attention to the yield of the population, gradually increases the density in the middle and later periods, gives consideration to important index changes closely related to the density, such as reasonable population (leaf area index, population photosynthetic rate), excellent single plants (fruit branch included angle and stem hardness), and the like, and combines the south breeding and north breeding to accelerate the breeding process.
Meanwhile, by utilizing the cotton variety breeding method provided by the invention, a new cotton variety which is suitable for high-density-resistant planting of 5000-.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for breeding a density-tolerant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for selecting primary hybrid parents provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for cultivating seeds according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a cotton planting compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for seed cultivation and management according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of a density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
The breeding method of the density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: in the breeding, the selection of the population effect is mainly carried out, and the leaf area index and the photosynthetic rate index which are closely related to the population yield and the population density are selected; meanwhile, excellent individual selection is considered, including the number of bolls of a single plant, the weight of the single boll, the included angle of fruit branches closely related to the density and the hardness of stems; and selecting density-resistant cotton varieties by a step-by-step density increasing method.
The '156 series' and 'Ji 178' cotton seeds provided by the embodiment of the invention are the existing biological materials and can be purchased from commercial sources.
As shown in FIG. 1, the breeding method of the density-tolerant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, selecting primary hybridization parents and performing primary hybridization: selecting high-yield cotton seeds of a self-selected line '156 lines' as a primary hybrid male parent, and selecting lodging-resistant cotton seeds of a variety 'Ji 178' as a primary hybrid female parent; cultivating the seeds, and carrying out primary hybridization to obtain F1 seeds;
s102, performing secondary hybridization strengthening characters: preparing soil in the middle ten days of 4 months, sowing the collected F1 generation seeds, cultivating and managing the seeds to obtain F1 generation plants, and harvesting the plants to obtain F2 generation seeds;
s103, sowing the seeds of the F2 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F2 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F2 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 16 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.6 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F3 generation;
s104, sowing seeds of the F3 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F3 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F3 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 16 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.6 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F4 generation;
s105, sowing the seeds of the F4 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F4 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F4 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 14 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.4 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F5 generation;
s106, sowing seeds of the F5 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F5 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F5 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 13 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.2 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F6 generation;
s107, sowing the seeds of the F6 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F6 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F6 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing the plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with high leaf area index, high group photosynthetic rate, small fruit branch included angle and hard stem, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F7 generation, wherein the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 12, and the net weight of the single bolls is more than 5.0 g;
and S108, sowing the seeds of the F7 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F7 generation, namely the density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S101 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the selection of the primary hybrid parent includes:
s201, setting the particle size of seed screening in a screening machine, wherein the set screening particle size is more than or equal to 0.6 cm;
s202, starting a screening machine to remove seeds with smaller particle size to obtain screened cotton seeds;
s203, placing the screened cotton seeds in clear water for soaking, and filtering out seeds floating on the surface;
and S204, drying the residual seeds in the sun, manually selecting, removing the seeds with mildew and pests on the surfaces, and obtaining the primary hybrid parents.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S101 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the breeding of the seeds includes:
s301, selecting a land with a deep soil layer and fertile soil as a cotton planting area;
s302, deeply ploughing the soil in the cotton planting area, applying a cotton planting compound fertilizer, and ploughing the compound fertilizer into the soil;
s303, soaking the seeds in a seed coating agent, taking out the seeds, and airing the seeds until the surfaces of the seeds are dry;
s304, sowing cotton at the temperature of 10-12 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is set to be 2-3 cm;
and S305, intertillage soil loosening and final singling are carried out after the seeds emerge, and water and fertilizer management is carried out during cultivation.
As shown in fig. 4, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for cotton planting provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s401, weighing 6-8 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 1-3 parts of borax and 1-2 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by mass;
s402, mixing diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, EDTA chelated zinc, borax and montmorillonite, and grinding in a grinder to obtain mixed powder;
s403, placing the mixed powder into a stirrer, and adding water to stir to obtain a mixture;
and S404, placing the mixture in a granulator for granulation to obtain the cotton planting compound fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation and management of seeds includes:
s501, after sowing, monitoring the soil humidity of a cotton planting area, and carrying out drip irrigation on cotton;
s502, after cotton seedlings emerge, applying a cotton planting compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 35 kg per mu;
s503, the cotton enters a seedling stage, and disease control of the cotton is carried out;
and S504, the cotton enters a seedling stage, and the prevention and the treatment of cotton pests are carried out.
In step S103 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, high density planting is performed on plants of the F2 generation, including: the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.175 m.
In step S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, high density planting is performed on plants of the F3 generation, including: the planting density is 5500 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.175 m.
In step S105 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, high density planting is performed on plants of the F4 generation, including: the planting density is 6000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.146 m.
In step S106 provided in the embodiments of the present invention, high density planting is performed on plants of the F5 generation, including: the planting density is 7000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.125 m.
In step S107 provided in the embodiments of the present invention, high density planting is performed on plants of the F6 generation, including: the planting density is 7000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.110 m.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of a density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the breeding, the selection of the population effect is mainly carried out, and the leaf area index and the photosynthetic rate index which are closely related to the population yield and the population density are selected; meanwhile, excellent individual selection is considered, including the number of bolls of a single plant, the weight of the single boll, the included angle of fruit branches closely related to the density and the hardness of stems; and selecting density-resistant cotton varieties by a step-by-step density increasing method.
2. The breeding method of a cotton variety with high density, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breeding method of the cotton variety with high density, high yield and lodging resistance comprises the following steps:
step one, selection of primary hybrid parents: setting the particle size of the seeds screened in the screening machine, wherein the set screened particle size is more than or equal to 0.6 cm; starting a screening machine to remove seeds with smaller particle size to obtain screened cotton seeds; soaking the screened cotton seeds in clear water, and filtering out seeds floating on the surface; drying the rest seeds in the sun, manually selecting, removing seeds with mildew on the surface and pests to obtain primary hybrid parents;
step two, primary hybridization: selecting high-yield cotton seeds of a self-selected line '156 line' as a primary hybrid male parent, and selecting lodging-resistant cotton seeds of a variety 'Ji 178' as a primary hybrid female parent; cultivating the seeds, and carrying out primary hybridization to obtain F1 seeds;
step three, performing secondary hybridization strengthening characters: preparing soil in the middle ten days of 4 months, sowing the seeds of the F1 generation collected in the step one, cultivating and managing the seeds to obtain plants of the F1 generation, and harvesting the plants to obtain seeds of the F2 generation;
sowing seeds of the F2 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F2 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F2 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 16 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.6 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F3 generation;
fifthly, sowing seeds of the F3 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F3 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F3 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 16 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.6 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F4 generation;
step six, sowing the seeds of the F4 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F4 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F4 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 14 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.4 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F5 generation;
step seven, sowing seeds of the F5 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F5 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F5 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with the single plant boll number being more than or equal to 13 and the single boll net weight being more than 5.2 g, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F6 generation;
step eight, sowing seeds of the F6 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F6 generation; carrying out high-density planting on plants of the F6 generation, screening cotton plants in the mature boll opening period of cotton, removing the plants which do not meet the screening requirement, keeping cotton plants with high leaf area index, high group photosynthetic rate, small fruit branch included angle and hard stem, and harvesting seeds to obtain seeds of the F7 generation, wherein the number of single plant bolls is more than or equal to 12, and the net weight of the single bolls is more than 5.0 g;
and step nine, sowing seeds of the F7 generation, and cultivating the seeds to obtain plants of the F7 generation, namely the density-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant cotton variety.
3. The breeding method of the cotton variety with the density resistance, the high yield and the lodging resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the second step, the seed cultivation comprises:
(1) selecting a land with a deep soil layer and fertile soil as a cotton planting area;
(2) deeply ploughing soil in a cotton planting area, applying a cotton planting compound fertilizer, and ploughing the compound fertilizer into the soil;
(3) soaking the seeds in a seed coating agent, taking out the seeds, and airing the seeds until the surfaces of the seeds are dry;
(4) sowing cotton at the temperature of 10-12 ℃, wherein the sowing depth is set to be 2-3 cm;
(5) cultivating, loosening soil, fixing seedlings and managing water and fertilizer during cultivation after the seeds emerge.
4. The breeding method of the cotton variety with density resistance, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the cotton planting compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 6-8 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 1-3 parts of borax and 1-2 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by mass;
2) mixing diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, EDTA chelated zinc, borax and montmorillonite, and grinding in a grinder to obtain mixed powder;
3) placing the mixed powder in a stirrer, adding water, and stirring to obtain a mixture; and (4) placing the mixture in a granulator for granulation to obtain the cotton planting compound fertilizer.
5. The breeding method of cotton variety with density tolerance, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step three, the cultivation and management of seeds comprises:
(1) after sowing, monitoring the soil humidity of a cotton planting area, and carrying out drip irrigation on cotton;
(2) after cotton seedlings emerge, applying a cotton planting compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 35 kg per mu;
(3) when the cotton enters the seedling stage, the disease control of the cotton is carried out;
(4) and (5) controlling the insect pests of the cotton when the cotton enters a seedling stage.
6. The breeding method of cotton variety with density tolerance, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step four, the F2 generation plants are planted with high density, comprising: the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.185 m.
7. The breeding method of cotton variety with density tolerance, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step five, the high density planting of F3 generation plants comprises: the planting density is 5500 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.175 m.
8. The breeding method of cotton variety with density tolerance, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the sixth step, the high density planting of F4 generation plants comprises: the planting density is 6000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.146 m.
9. The breeding method of cotton variety with density tolerance, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step seven, the high density planting of F5 generation plants comprises: the planting density is 7000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.125 m.
10. The breeding method of cotton variety with density tolerance, high yield and lodging resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step eight, the high density planting of F6 generation plants comprises: the planting density is 8000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 0.76m, and the plant spacing is 0.110 m.
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