CN108496792B - Breeding method of moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourds - Google Patents
Breeding method of moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourds Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496792B CN108496792B CN201810259295.2A CN201810259295A CN108496792B CN 108496792 B CN108496792 B CN 108496792B CN 201810259295 A CN201810259295 A CN 201810259295A CN 108496792 B CN108496792 B CN 108496792B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bitter gourd breeding, and discloses a breeding method of a wet-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd, which is characterized by establishing an in-vitro wet-heat-resistant identification method for seedling-stage leaves of the bitter gourd, identifying and screening the wet-heat-resistant bitter gourd material, utilizing a strong-female bitter gourd inbred line MC01-14 as a non-recurrent parent, utilizing a wet-heat-resistant bitter gourd inbred line KG01 as a recurrent parent, and carrying out backcross to obtain the wet-heat-resistant strong-female bitter gourd material QC 001; and then crossing QC001 and the damp-heat resistant bitter gourd material to prepare a plurality of cross combinations, and screening out a first-filial generation of bitter gourd with low node, more female flowers, damp-heat resistance and beautiful fruit shape. The varieties cultivated by the method have consistent properties, the hybridization rate reaches more than 99 percent, the field performance is neat and consistent, the high-temperature and high-humidity resistance is shown, the varieties can still normally grow at the temperature of 38 ℃, the earliness is good, the female flower section rate is high, the yield is high, the fruit commodity is good, the pulp is thick, the storage and transportation are resistant, and the method is suitable for summer and autumn facility greenhouse or open field cultivation in south China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bitter gourd breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is such that: the balsam pear can be planted all the year round, and the long-body oil-green balsam pear is one of important vegetable varieties of northern transported melon and vegetable in south China and winter and is also an important melon and vegetable variety of crossing light vegetables in summer and autumn. However, for a long time, the breeding of bitter gourd varieties in north transportation in winter or early spring is always considered important, but the breeding of new heat-resistant bitter gourd varieties in summer and autumn is ignored, so that the production of the bitter gourd varieties which are lack of heat and humidity resistance, early maturity, high yield and high quality is caused. Therefore, most of the bitter gourd varieties planted in the prior art adopt winter northern transported bitter gourd varieties or conventional local bitter gourd varieties, so that the bitter gourd production in summer and autumn is mostly expressed as short late-maturing harvesting period, low yield and poor economic benefit.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: (1) common methods for identifying the heat resistance of the bitter gourd include field identification, artificial simulated stress identification, stress physiology identification and the like, wherein the field identification is greatly influenced by environmental conditions, the result reproducibility is poor, the required time is long, the workload is large, the artificial simulated stress identification requires certain facility conditions and is difficult to carry out on a large scale, and the stress physiology identification is an indirect identification method and has poor reliability. The existing identification methods are time-consuming and labor-consuming and have low efficiency. (2) The bitter gourd variety resources planted at present hardly give consideration to good properties such as prematurity, damp and heat resistance, beautiful fruit shape and the like, and are difficult to be directly applied to production in summer and autumn.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of a moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd.
The invention is realized in such a way, a breeding method of the wet-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield balsam pear establishes an in vitro heat resistance identification method of the balsam pear leaf, a strong female balsam pear material and the wet-heat-resistant balsam pear material are used for continuous backcross transformation, the in vitro wet-heat-resistant identification method of the balsam pear leaf at the seedling stage is used for screening the wet-heat-resistant single plant of the offspring, and finally, the wet-heat-resistant strong female balsam pear inbred line is selected; then the bred selfing line of the damp-heat resistant strong female line and excellent damp-heat resistant bitter gourd material are utilized to prepare early-maturing, high-yield and damp-heat resistant bitter gourd hybrid.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) an in vitro heat resistance identification method of bitter gourd leaves is used for identifying heat resistance bitter gourd materials.
Leaf in vitro identification method: soaking seeds of a material to be tested in clear water for 9h, then soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 60min, accelerating germination in a full-black and dark artificial climate box at 30 ℃, exposing the seeds to be white after 3 days, and sowing the seeds in a hole tray. When the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, selecting 2-3 normal-growing leafs with stems above bitter gourd cotyledons as samples for identifying the heat resistance of the seedlings, and repeating for 3 times, wherein each bitter gourd material to be detected is used for testing 8-10 in-vitro leaf samples;
the collected bitter gourd functional leaves are numbered according to the bitter gourd material to be detected, the bitter gourd functional leaves are inserted into a 250ml triangular flask filled with distilled water, the number of the bitter gourd material to be detected is marked on the wall of the triangular flask by a marker pen, then the triangular flask with the sample to be detected is immediately placed in a light incubator at 40 ℃, light is 3000-4000 lx, the humidity is more than 90%, and after continuous light treatment for 48 hours, the heat injury index is counted; during the identification period, the water level in the triangular flask is checked every day, and distilled water is added in time, so that the petioles of the in-vitro bitter gourd functional leaves are always immersed in the water;
when the heat resistance of the in vitro blade is identified under the condition set by the artificial climate box, the temperature is 40 ℃, the humidity is 95 percent, and the processing time is 48 hours.
The invention also aims to provide the bitter gourd obtained by the bitter gourd heat resistance identification method in the breeding method of the moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd.
The invention counts the leaf grade number of the strain to be detected according to the following identification and classification standard of heat resistance of isolated leaves of balsam pear:
level 0: green leaves without heat damage symptom;
level 1: loss of water in the leaves and mild wilting;
the 3-grade leaves lose green and most of the leaves are wilted;
all 5-grade leaves are wilted, and the leaf tips are browned and necrotized;
all the leaf tips of the 7-stage blades are necrotic, and the leaf edges are slightly rolled;
severe necrosis of the leaf margin of the 9-grade leaf tip and severe rolling and scorching of the leaf margin;
heat damage index ═ Σ (number of heat damage index blades at each stage × value of the heat damage level) ÷ (total number of survey blades × value of the highest level) × 100;
the standard for heat resistance identification is: high resistance: a heat hazard index of 0 < less than 40; resisting: 40 < heat hazard index < 60, heat sensitivity: the thermal hazard index is more than 60.
(2) Breeding the heat and humidity resistant female line inbred line QC 001.
Directionally cultivating a bitter gourd strong female line MC01-14 directionally cultivated from the early excellent bitter gourd and a bitter gourd high-generation selfing line dampness and heat resistant bitter gourd selfing line KG01 directionally cultivated from the heat and humidity resistant strong Qiong No. 3 bitter gourd to hybridize to obtain a first filial generation F1(ii) a And F is1Backcrossing with wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcross first generation BC1；
Random seeding BC1Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC1F1, planting BC at the same time1F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, and backcrossing the single plants with the heat and humidity resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcross second generation BC2；
Random seeding BC2Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC2F1(ii) a Simultaneous planting of BC2F1(ii) a Screening the single plant with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower to backcross with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain the backcross third generation BC3；
Random seeding BC3Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC3F1; simultaneous BC planting3F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcrossed four-generation BC4；
Random seeding BC4Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC4F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcrossed five-generation BC5；
Random seeding BC5Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly;planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC5F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcrossed six-generation BC6；
Random seeding BC6Single plant and single melon seed; and continuously selfing for 5-8 generations to obtain the female line QC001 with strong moist heat resistance.
(3) The invention also aims to provide the bitter gourd cultivated by the breeding method of the moisture-heat resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd. A batch of heat and humidity resistant bitter gourd materials are screened out by an in vitro identification method of bitter gourd leaves to be hybridized with QC001, a plurality of hybridization combinations are prepared, and new hybridization combinations of early-maturing, high-yield and heat and humidity resistant bitter gourd are screened out.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the method can be used for the cultivation under the conditions of summer and autumn or high temperature season in south China, the variety properties are consistent, the hybridization rate reaches more than 99%, the field performance is uniform, the new variety can normally fruit under the condition of high temperature and high humidity resistance and 38 ℃), the first female flower has low node position (8-12 node positions of the first female flower node position), the female flower has high node position rate, high uniformity, good fruit commodity, thick pulp and storage and transportation resistance, belongs to a first filial generation with oil green skin stick-shaped type high temperature and high humidity resistance, premature labor, high yield and high quality, and is suitable for the cultivation in summer and autumn greenhouse or open field in south China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a breeding method of moisture-heat resistant early-maturing high-yield balsam pear provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the effect of counting the leaf grade number of the strain to be tested according to the following identification and classification standard of heat resistance of isolated leaves of Momordica charantia provided in the embodiments of the present invention. From left to right: level 0, level 1, level 3, level 5, level 7, level 9.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The breeding method of the wet-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes a strong female line bitter gourd material, and screens a wet-heat-resistant single plant by utilizing an in-vitro leaf heat resistance identification method in a seedling stage through continuous backcross transformation with the wet-heat-resistant bitter gourd material, and finally breeds a wet-heat-resistant strong female line excellent inbred line; then the bred selfing line of the damp-heat resistant strong female line and excellent damp-heat resistant bitter gourd material are utilized to prepare the damp-heat resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd hybrid. The method comprises the steps of utilizing a strong female line inbred line MC01-14 directionally screened from a Guangzhou city agricultural scientific institute balsam pear variety 'early excellent' and a damp-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 directionally bred from Hainan province agricultural scientific institute Qiongqing No. 3 balsam pear as materials.
As shown in fig. 1, the breeding method for moisture-heat resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourds provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: breeding a heat and humidity resistant female line inbred line QC 001: hybridizing the bred bitter gourd strong female line MC01-14 with the damp-heat resistant bitter gourd inbred line KG01 to obtain a first filial generation F1(ii) a And F is1Backcrossing with wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcross first generation BC1(ii) a Random seeding BC1Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC1F1Simultaneous planting of BC1F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, and backcrossing the single plants with the heat and humidity resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcross second generation BC2(ii) a Random seeding BC2Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC2F1(ii) a Simultaneous BC planting2F1(ii) a Screening the single plant with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower to backcross with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain the backcross third generation BC3(ii) a Random seeding BC3Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat resistanceIndividual plants are selfed to obtain BC3F1(ii) a Simultaneous BC planting3F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcrossed four-generation BC4(ii) a Random seeding BC4Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC4F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcrossed five-generation BC5(ii) a Random seeding BC5Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain BC5F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node level of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 to obtain backcrossed six-generation BC6(ii) a Random seeding BC6Single plant and single melon seed; continuously selfing for 4-5 generations, and directionally breeding a female line QC001 with strong heat resistance;
s102: identifying a batch of balsam pear materials with excellent heat resistance by using a heat resistance identification method, and preparing a series of first filial generations by using QC001 and the heat resistance balsam pear materials as parents; a hybrid combination which takes QC001 as a female parent and takes the heat and humidity resistant balsam pear inbred line KG014 as a male parent is screened out, and the first female flower of the combination has low node, more female flowers, heat and humidity resistance and beautiful fruit shape.
The blade in vitro identification method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: soaking the material to be tested in clear water for 9h, then soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 60min, accelerating germination in a dark-full artificial climate box at 30 ℃, exposing the seeds to white after 3 days, and sowing in a plug tray. When the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, selecting 2-3 normal-growing leafs with stems above bitter gourd cotyledons as samples for identifying the heat resistance of the seedlings, and repeating for 3 times, wherein each bitter gourd material to be detected is used for testing 8-10 in-vitro leaf samples;
the collected bitter gourd functional leaves are numbered according to the bitter gourd material to be detected, the bitter gourd functional leaves are inserted into a 250ml triangular flask filled with distilled water, the number of the bitter gourd material to be detected is marked on the wall of the triangular flask by a marker pen, then the triangular flask with the sample to be detected is immediately placed in a 40 ℃ illumination incubator, illumination is carried out for 3000-4000 lx, and after continuous illumination treatment is carried out for 48 hours, the thermal injury index is counted; during the identification period, the water level in the triangular flask is checked every day, and distilled water is added in time, so that the petioles of the in-vitro bitter gourd functional leaves are always immersed in the water;
when the heat resistance of the in vitro blade is identified under the condition set by the artificial climate box, the temperature is 40 ℃, the humidity is 95 percent, and the processing time is 48 hours.
As shown in figure 2, the invention counts the leaf grade number of the strain to be detected according to the following identification and classification standard of heat resistance of isolated leaves of balsam pear:
level 0: green leaves without heat damage symptom;
level 1: loss of water in the leaves and mild wilting;
the 3-grade leaves lose green and most of the leaves are wilted;
all 5-grade leaves are wilted, and the leaf tips are browned and necrotized;
all the leaf tips of the 7-stage blades are necrotic, and the leaf edges are slightly rolled;
severe necrosis of the leaf margin of the 9-grade leaf tip and severe rolling and scorching of the leaf margin;
heat damage index ═ Σ (number of heat damage index blades at each stage × value of the heat damage level) ÷ (total number of survey blades × value of the highest level) × 100;
the standard for heat resistance identification is: high resistance: a heat hazard index of 0 < less than 40; resisting: 40 < heat hazard index < 60, heat sensitivity: the thermal hazard index is more than 60.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The breeding method of the moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, transferring the wet-heat-resistant strong female line QC001 by an S101 method, directionally selecting a bitter gourd strong female line MC01-14 bred from a bitter gourd hybrid variety early-excellent of Guangzhou city agricultural academy of sciences as a material, directionally selecting a high-generation selfing line wet-heat-resistant bitter gourd selfing line KG01 from a hybrid bitter gourd variety Qiong3 of Hainan agricultural academy of sciences as a recurrent parent, alternately performing continuous 6-generation backcrossing and selfing, and then directionally selecting 5-8-generation selfing, thereby transferring the wet-heat-resistant strong female line bitter gourd material QC 001. The inbred line QC001 has good earliness, the node position of a first female flower is low (the node position of the first female flower is 5-6 nodes), the node ratio of the female flower is high (no less than 20 female flowers of a main vine in 30 nodes), the fruit is long in a bar shape, the fruit shoulder is flat, the fruit top is sharp, the fruit is 30-35 cm long, the streak is straight, the fruit is about 6cm thick, the fruit peel is dark green, the weight of a single fruit is 450-500 g, and the plant growth vigor is strong;
step two, taking the first grade of balsam pear stone of Shandong Ningyang gold all-kind Limited company as a material (cited documents: Liaoglong, Wu Yuan Yan, Von schojie, and the like. the new variety of the winter balsam pear in Hainan is compared and tested [ J ]. Changjiang vegetables, 2016(18):47-49.), and using a climatic chamber to identify the humidity and heat resistance of the isolated leaves; selecting a damp-heat resistant single plant for selfing, performing damp-heat resistant identification on selfed progeny, and performing 6-generation directional selection to obtain a bitter gourd selfing line damp-heat resistant bitter gourd selfing line KG014 with strong high temperature resistance, wherein the selfing line is late-maturing, the node of a first female flower is about 25 nodes, the fruit is short and rod-shaped, the shoulder of the fruit is blunt and the tail is blunt, the fruit is 25-28 cm long, the streak is straight, the fruit is about 8cm thick, the peel is light green, the weight of a single fruit is 450-500 g, and the plant growth potential is strong;
and step four, preparing a first-filial generation combination of the bitter gourds by using the damp-heat resistant bitter gourd strong-female line QC001 as a female parent and using the damp-heat resistant bitter gourd inbred line KG014 as a male parent, wherein the hybrid is named as Haiyan No. 1.
The invention utilizes a strong female line MC01-14 directionally bred from a hybrid variety of balsam pear of Guangzhou agricultural academy of sciences 'early excellence' as a non-recurrent parent, and a wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line KG01 as a recurrent parent to breed the wet-heat resistant strong female balsam pear material QC001 through backcross. Taking the first balsam pear stone of Shandong Ningyang gold breed Limited company as a material (cited documents (Liao Daolong, Wu Yuan Yan, Von schjie, and the like; Hainan winter balsam pear new variety comparison test [ J ]. Changjiang vegetables, 2016(18):47-49.), utilizing a climatic chamber to identify heat resistance of leaves in vitro, selecting a damp-heat resistant single plant to perform selfing, performing the damp-heat resistance identification on selfed offspring, performing directional selection for 5-6 generations to obtain a balsam pear selfing line with strong high temperature resistance, namely a damp-heat resistant balsam pear selfing line KG014, taking a balsam pear strong female line 001 QC as a female parent and an inbred line KG014 as a male parent to obtain a first generation hybrid combination-Haiyang 1 hybrid belonging to an oil green skin stick type, the first generation of hybrid, the first generation of the hybrid with strong high temperature and high humidity resistance, the normal growth when the temperature reaches 38 ℃, the early maturity is good, the female flower section rate is high, the commodity is good, the pulp is thick and solid, is durable to store and transport, and is suitable for summer and autumn facility greenhouse or open field cultivation in south China.
The invention utilizes a series of screened heat and humidity resistant inbred lines and heat and disease resistant strong female line QC001 as parents to prepare a hybrid combination, uses local main cultivated varieties as contrast, develops variety comparison tests from 4 aspects of resistance, yield traits, quality traits and phenological period, and screens out an excellent hybrid combination with QC001 as a female parent and heat and humidity resistant balsam pear inbred line KG014 as a male parent. And a stable and efficient hybrid seed production technical system is established, a demonstration base is established to carry out new combination demonstration and popularization, and high-quality early-maturing, high-yield and humidity and heat resistant bitter gourd varieties are provided for the summer and autumn bitter gourd planting in south China, so that the yield and the economic efficiency of the bitter gourd are improved, the development of the summer and autumn bitter gourd industry is promoted, and the active effect of ensuring the stable supply of vegetables in summer and autumn is played.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A breeding method of a moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield balsam pear is characterized in that the breeding method of the moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield balsam pear is to establish a moisture-heat-resistant in-vitro identification method of a seedling stage leaf of the balsam pear and carry out the moisture-heat resistance identification of a balsam pear material; culturing a wet-heat-resistant strong female line inbred line by continuously backcrossing and transforming a strong female line bitter gourd material and the wet-heat-resistant bitter gourd material; then, preparing a first filial generation of early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd with high damp-heat resistance by using the damp-heat resistant strong female line inbred line and the damp-heat resistant bitter gourd material;
the breeding method of the moisture-heat-resistant early-maturing high-yield bitter gourd comprises the following steps:
(1) in-vitro damp-heat resistance identification method for bitter gourd leaves
Leaf in vitro identification method: soaking seeds of a material to be detected in clear water for 9 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 60min, accelerating germination in a full-black and dark artificial climate box at the temperature of 30 ℃, exposing the seeds to be white after 3 days, and sowing the seeds in a hole tray; when the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, selecting 2-3 normal-growing leafs with stems above bitter gourd cotyledons as samples for identifying the heat resistance of the seedlings, and repeating for 3 times, wherein each bitter gourd material to be detected is used for testing 8-10 in-vitro leaf samples;
the collected bitter gourd functional leaves are numbered according to the bitter gourd material to be detected, the bitter gourd functional leaves are inserted into a 250ml triangular flask filled with distilled water, the number of the bitter gourd material to be detected is marked on the wall of the triangular flask by a marker pen, then the triangular flask with the sample to be detected is immediately placed in a 40 ℃ illumination incubator, the illumination is 3000-4000 lx, the humidity is 90%, and after the continuous illumination treatment is carried out for 48 hours, the thermal injury index is counted; during the identification period, the water level in the triangular flask is checked every day, and distilled water is added in time, so that the petioles of the in-vitro bitter gourd functional leaves are always immersed in the water;
counting the leaf grade number of the strain to be detected according to the following bitter gourd in-vitro leaf heat resistance identification grading standard:
level 0: green leaves without heat damage symptom;
level 1: loss of water in the leaves and mild wilting;
the 3-grade leaves lose green and most of the leaves are wilted;
all 5-grade leaves are wilted, and the leaf tips are browned and necrotized;
all the leaf tips of the 7-stage blades are necrotic, and the leaf edges are slightly rolled;
severe necrosis of the leaf margin of the 9-grade leaf tip and severe rolling and scorching of the leaf margin;
heat damage index ═ Σ (number of heat damage index blades at each stage × value of the heat damage level) ÷ (total number of survey blades × value of the highest level) × 100;
the standard for heat resistance identification is: high resistance: a heat hazard index of 0 < less than 40; resisting: 40 < heat hazard index < 60, heat sensitivity: the thermal hazard index is more than 60;
(2) breeding the heat and humidity resistant female line inbred line:
hybridizing the screened strong female line of the bitter gourd with the selfing line of the damp-heat resistant bitter gourd to obtain a hybrid IGeneration F1; backcrossing F1 with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line to obtain a backcrossed first-generation balsam pear strong female line BC1；
Randomly-sown balsam pear strong female line BC1Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain the balsam pear strong female line BC1F1Simultaneously planting balsam pear strong female line BC1F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node position of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line to obtain a backcrossed second-generation balsam pear strong female line BC2；
Randomly-sown backcrossed second-generation bitter gourd strong female line BC2Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain backcross second-generation balsam pear strong female line BC2F1(ii) a Simultaneous planting backcross second generation balsam pear strong female line BC2F1(ii) a Screening out the single plant with high female flower rate and low node position of the first female flower to backcross with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line to obtain the backcross third generation balsam pear strong female line BC3；
Random seeding backcross third generation balsam pear strong female line BC3Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain backcross third-generation balsam pear strong female line BC3F1(ii) a Backcross three-generation balsam pear strong female line BC planted simultaneously3F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node position of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant bitter gourd inbred line to obtain backcrossed four-generation bitter gourd strong female line BC4；
Random seeding backcross four-generation balsam pear strong female line BC4Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain backcrossed four-generation balsam pear strong female line BC4F1(ii) a Screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node position of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line to obtain backcrossed five-generation balsam pear strong female line BC5；
Random seedingBackcross five-generation balsam pear strong female line BC5Single plant and single melon seed; performing heat resistance identification by using an in vitro leaf identification method in the seedling stage, and numbering the leaves correspondingly; planting heat-resistant single plants and selfing to obtain backcrossed five-generation bitter gourd strong female line BC5F1; screening single plants with high female flower rate and low node position of the first female flower, backcrossing the single plants with the wet-heat resistant balsam pear inbred line to obtain a backcrossed six-generation balsam pear strong female line BC6；
Random seeding backcross six-generation balsam pear strong female line BC6Single plant and single melon seed; continuously selfing for 4-5 generations to obtain a female line QC001 with strong moist heat resistance;
(3) cultivating early-maturing and high-yield first-filial generation of the heat and humidity resistant bitter gourd;
a method for identifying and screening a batch of bitter gourd materials with excellent heat resistance by utilizing the in-vitro damp-heat resistance of bitter gourd leaves is utilized, a series of hybrid combinations are prepared by taking a damp-heat resistance strong female line and a damp-heat resistance bitter gourd self-line as parents, and a hybrid first-generation combination which takes the damp-heat resistance strong female line as a female parent and the damp-heat resistance bitter gourd self-line as a male parent is screened out, wherein the combination shows that the first female flower has low node, more female flowers, damp and heat resistance, beautiful fruit shape and storage and transportation resistance.
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| 有棱丝瓜苗期耐热性及其对热胁迫的生理响应;周小燕等;《热带亚热带植物学报》;20171231;第25卷(第4期);第358页右栏第1-3段 * |
| 热研2号油绿苦瓜的选育;刘昭华等;《安徽农学通报》;20061231;第12卷(第3期);第67页左栏第1段和第68页右栏第1段 * |
| 苦瓜优良新品种——热研一号、二号油绿苦瓜的选育;杨等;《科技成果》;20091231;成果简介部分 * |
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