CN112400645B - Cultivation method of high-temperature-resistant cotton new variety - Google Patents
Cultivation method of high-temperature-resistant cotton new variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN112400645B CN112400645B CN202011279051.4A CN202011279051A CN112400645B CN 112400645 B CN112400645 B CN 112400645B CN 202011279051 A CN202011279051 A CN 202011279051A CN 112400645 B CN112400645 B CN 112400645B
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety, which comprises the following steps: planting cotton varieties at natural high temperature, screening cotton varieties with closed flower pollination in the cotton flowering period, selecting single plants with closed flower pollen under high temperature condition and excellent comprehensive agronomic characters, and carrying out pedigree breeding to obtain new varieties of high temperature resistant cotton. The method is simple in operation, accurate and efficient, can shorten the breeding period and improve the breeding efficiency, and can be widely applied to high temperature resistance identification and high temperature resistance new variety breeding of cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and relates to a cultivation method of a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
Background
China is the largest textile and clothing production country in the world, raw cotton is used as a main textile material, the demand is large, and the self-supply rate is relatively insufficient. Cotton is a seed fiber crop, and only cotton in bulk agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar has irreplaceability, and is a national strategic material. Therefore, the production of cotton has particularly important strategic significance and social significance in agriculture in China.
Cotton flowering is mostly in summer in China, and the flowering period is relatively long, wherein 6 to 8 months are the most hot seasons in one year, and the flowering period is also an important period for cotton yield formation. Research shows that when cotton enters a bud period (early stage of reproductive growth), the temperature exceeds 33 ℃, the development and growth of organs such as stamens and the like of the cotton are unfavorable, the development of microspores in pollen is blocked, and once the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, cotton plants transpire too fast, light respiration is accelerated, photosynthesis efficiency is reduced, and effective biomass accumulation is insufficient; on the other hand, the pollen of cotton is unsmooth in development, pollen activity is reduced, pollination and growth and development of young bolls of cotton are not facilitated, and the cotton falls off after flowers are caused, so that yield is reduced.
The weather conditions such as high temperature, high heat and high humidity in summer in China basically become normalized development due to the continuous change of global greenhouse effect and climate, and the provinces in the downstream region in Yangtze river such as Hunan, hubei, jiangxi, anhui, jiangsu and the like are basically sustained for more than 15 days in days with the temperature of about 35 ℃ in 6-8 months each year, the high temperature of more than 35 ℃ is reached, the year is reached for more than 30 days, and the extreme year can reach 40 days. The high temperature is an important weather disaster factor of three lagoons in China, such as Yangtze river basin, most of yellow river basin and cotton area in Xinjiang, and is used as cotton crop growing in summer, at this time, cotton is in peak period of flowering period and is also in the period of the fastest accumulation of boll-forming dry matter, so that the existing cotton has the problems of pollen abortion, mass shedding of bolls and yield and quality reduction caused by intolerance to high temperature.
Therefore, the method for cultivating the new cotton variety, which can accurately and efficiently shorten the breeding period and improve the breeding efficiency, is a problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for cultivating a new cotton variety with high temperature resistance, which is simple in operation, accurate and efficient, can shorten the breeding period, improve the breeding efficiency, and can be widely applied to high temperature resistance identification of cotton and breeding of new varieties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety comprises the following steps: planting cotton varieties at natural high temperature, screening out single plants with closed pollen and excellent comprehensive agronomic characters under the high temperature condition, and carrying out pedigree breeding to obtain new varieties of high-temperature-resistant cotton.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting and introducing various cotton varieties in high-temperature-resistant potential materials reported in literature or possible high-temperature-resistant materials recommended by national cotton germplasm banks, and establishing a resource nursery;
(2) Planting the cotton variety in the resource nursery, screening closed-flower powder plants in the cotton variety under the natural high-temperature condition, marking the plants, selecting single plants, collecting seed cotton of the single plants, and performing indoor seed testing on the yield and quality of the seed cotton;
(3) And carrying out pedigree breeding on the single plant with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters of the seed cotton seed test result to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
Preferably, the natural high temperature is not lower than 35 ℃.
Preferably, the criteria for good integrated agronomic performance are: the yield and quality of cotton are superior to other cotton varieties that are not resistant to high temperatures.
Preferably, the specific steps of the pedigree breeding are as follows: firstly, carrying out 1 st generation resource propagation on the single plant in the step (3) at a natural temperature, and selecting 1 st generation single plant with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters from the 1 st generation; and then screening the 1 st generation single plants in the 2 nd and 3 rd generation by adopting the same method, and finally selecting 1 strain with the best comprehensive agronomic characters to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
The pedigree breeding refers to a breeding method in the cotton variety breeding process, the process does not need high temperature and closed flower pollination, the conventional pedigree breeding is carried out, and the specific content is that 1 generation resource breeding is carried out on 1 cotton variety resources, good single plants are selected from 1 generation, then plant row comparison tests of 2 generation single plants are carried out, a plurality of good plant rows are selected, line comparison tests of a plurality of good plant rows are selected from 3 rd generation pairs, so that 1 optimal strain of the variety is bred, and the optimal strain can be 1 variety after being examined by relevant departments through each level of legal tests.
Preferably, the screening of step (2) is at the cotton flowering stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a cultivation method of a new variety of high temperature resistant cotton, which utilizes the natural closed flower powder habit of cotton, screens cotton high temperature resistant cotton germplasm resources and breeds the new variety of high temperature resistant, screens plants of closed flower powder in a large area cotton germplasm resource nursery under the condition of natural high temperature (not lower than 35 ℃) in summer fields, thereby obtaining the new variety of high temperature resistant cotton; the method is simple in operation, accurate and efficient, can shorten the breeding period, improves the breeding efficiency, and can be widely applied to high temperature resistance identification and high temperature resistance new variety breeding of cotton.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of cotton for screening closed flower pollen at a natural high temperature (not lower than 35 ℃) in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of cotton that flowers naturally and normally under the conditions of a natural high temperature (not lower than 35 ℃) in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting and introducing various cotton varieties in high-temperature-resistant potential materials reported in literature or possible high-temperature-resistant materials recommended by national cotton germplasm banks, and establishing a resource nursery;
(2) Planting cotton varieties in a resource nursery, planting each cotton variety into 3 rows with the row length of 10 meters and the width of 1.2 meters, screening plants capable of naturally closing pollen at the cotton flowering period under the natural temperature condition of not lower than 35 ℃, marking the plants, selecting single plants, collecting seed cotton of the single plants, and performing indoor test on the yield and quality;
(3) And carrying out pedigree breeding on the single plants with good comprehensive agronomic characters of seed cotton seed test results, and selecting the single plants with good comprehensive agronomic characters of closed flowers and powder under high temperature conditions from the single plants to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
Application example
In 2015, 2000 parts of cotton variety resources are bred, 1 part of variety resources (named Wan cotton grinding 188) with natural closed flower powder are selected from the 2000 parts of varieties, and 10 single plants are selected from the variety resources;
each of 10 single plants is planted into 1 row in 2016 to form 10 plant rows, the identification numbers are respectively identified, the plant rows 1 and 2 are respectively collected into 10 plant rows 10, seed cotton of the 10 plant rows is collected respectively, indoor seed testing of yield measurement and quality is carried out, and as a result of the test, the yield of 5 plant rows 1, 3, 6 and 8 is higher, the quality is better, and seeds of corresponding plant rows are reserved;
in 2017 and 2018, strain comparison tests are carried out on seeds of 5 strain lines, namely strain line 1, strain line 3, strain line 6 and strain line 8 for 2 years, and the comprehensive test result in 2 years shows that the yield of the strain line 8 is highest, the quality is best, and the name of the pedigree identification is Wan cotton research 188;
in 2019 we have further verified that the Anhui cotton grinding 188 can naturally close the pollen under the condition that the natural high temperature is not lower than 35 ℃, and is a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety; flowering and fruiting are shown in figure 1, pollen is developed normally, and bud drops are less;
meanwhile, a new cotton variety No. 27 of cotton with low high temperature resistance is set as a comparative example, the experimental results are shown in Table 1, and flowering and fruiting in 2019 are shown in FIG. 2, so that pollen abortion is easy to cause, and a large number of cotton bolls fall off.
Table 1 3 years test results
From the above, the yield of the new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety, namely, the Anhui cotton is more stable in 188,3 years, and the yield and the quality are not affected under the high-temperature condition in 2019; the cotton variety Anhui cotton No. 27 (cotton area test control variety Anhui province) which is not resistant to high temperature has great influence on yield and quality under the high temperature condition in 2019, so that yield reduction is caused, and quality is poor.
The various embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focusing on differences from the other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the various embodiments are sufficient to be seen with each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. The cultivation method of the high-temperature-resistant cotton new variety is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Collecting and introducing various cotton varieties in high-temperature-resistant potential materials reported in literature or possible high-temperature-resistant materials recommended by national cotton germplasm banks, and establishing a resource nursery;
(2) Planting the cotton variety in the resource nursery, screening closed-flower powder plants in the cotton variety under the natural high-temperature condition, marking the plants, selecting single plants, collecting seed cotton of the single plants, and performing indoor seed testing on the yield and quality of the seed cotton;
(3) Carrying out pedigree breeding on the single plant with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters of the seed cotton seed test result to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety;
the standard for the comprehensive agronomic characters is: the yield and quality of cotton are superior to other cotton varieties which are not resistant to high temperature;
the specific steps of pedigree breeding are as follows: firstly, carrying out 1 st generation resource propagation on the single plant in the step (3) at a natural temperature, and selecting 1 st generation single plant with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters from the 1 st generation; and then screening the 1 st generation single plants in the 2 nd and 3 rd generation by adopting the same method, and finally selecting 1 strain with the best comprehensive agronomic characters to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
2. The method for cultivating a new variety of high temperature resistant cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural high temperature is not lower than 35 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening in step (2) is performed during cotton bloom.
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