CN112400645A - Method for cultivating new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety - Google Patents
Method for cultivating new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN112400645A CN112400645A CN202011279051.4A CN202011279051A CN112400645A CN 112400645 A CN112400645 A CN 112400645A CN 202011279051 A CN202011279051 A CN 202011279051A CN 112400645 A CN112400645 A CN 112400645A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety, which comprises the following steps: placing the cotton variety at natural high temperature for planting, screening the cotton variety with closed flower pollination in the cotton flowering period, selecting a single plant with closed flower pollination and excellent comprehensive agronomic characters under the high temperature condition, and performing pedigree breeding to obtain the new high temperature resistant cotton variety. The method is simple to operate, accurate and efficient, can shorten the breeding period and improve the breeding efficiency, and can be widely applied to the identification of the high-temperature resistance of cotton and the breeding of new high-temperature resistant varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and relates to a method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
Background
China is the biggest world producing country of textile and clothes, and raw cotton is used as a main textile material, so that the demand is large, and the self-supply rate is relatively insufficient. The cotton is a seed fiber crop, and only cotton in bulk agricultural products such as grains, cotton, oil and sugar and the like cannot be replaced, and is a strategic material of China. Therefore, the production of cotton has important strategic and social meanings in agriculture in China.
Most of cotton blossoms are in summer in China, the flowering period is relatively long, and 6-8 months are the hottest seasons in one year, and are also important periods for cotton yield formation. Research shows that when the temperature of the cotton is over 33 ℃ after the bud stage (early reproductive growth stage), the development and growth of organs such as stamens and the like of the cotton are not facilitated, so that the development of microspores in pollen is hindered, and once the temperature is over 35 ℃, the cotton plants are steamed too fast, the light respiration is accelerated, the photosynthesis efficiency is reduced on the contrary, and the accumulation of effective biomass is insufficient; on the other hand, the pollen of cotton is not developed smoothly, the activity of the pollen is reduced, the pollination of the cotton and the growth and development of young bolls are not facilitated, the fall-off of flowers is caused, and the yield is reduced.
Due to global greenhouse effect and climate continuous change, weather conditions such as high temperature, high heat and high humidity in summer in China basically become normalized development, the number of days with the temperature of about 35 ℃ in 6-8 months of each year in provinces such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and the like in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river basically lasts for more than 15 days, the temperature exceeds the high temperature of more than 35 ℃, the temperature reaches more than 30 days in the year, and the extreme years can reach 40 days. As can be seen, high temperature becomes an important meteorological disaster cause of cotton areas in three major watersheds in China, such as Yangtze river watershed, most of yellow river watershed and part of Xinjiang, and is used as a cotton crop growing in summer, at the moment, the cotton is in the peak stage of flowering phase and is also the period of fastest accumulation of boll-forming dry matter, so that the existing cotton has the problems of pollen abortion, great drop of bolls and yield and quality reduction due to no high temperature resistance.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem that the method for breeding the new cotton variety can accurately and efficiently shorten the breeding period and improve the breeding efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety, which is simple to operate, accurate and efficient, can shorten the breeding period and improve the breeding efficiency, and can be widely applied to the high-temperature-resistant identification of cotton and the new variety breeding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety comprises the following steps: placing the cotton variety in the natural high temperature for planting, screening out the single plant which is closed to blossom and bears powder under the high temperature condition and has excellent comprehensive agronomic characters, and performing pedigree breeding to obtain the new high temperature resistant cotton variety.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) gathering and introducing various cotton varieties in high-temperature-resistant potential materials reported in literatures or possible high-temperature-resistant materials recommended by a national cotton germplasm bank, and establishing a resource garden;
(2) planting the cotton variety in the resource garden, screening a closed flower pollinated plant from the cotton variety under a natural high-temperature condition, marking the plant, selecting a single plant, collecting seed cotton of the single plant, and performing indoor seed test on the seed cotton with yield and quality;
(3) and performing pedigree breeding on the single plant with the seed cotton seed testing result and excellent comprehensive agronomic characters to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
Preferably, the natural high temperature is not lower than 35 ℃.
Preferably, the criteria for the integrative agronomic performance to be excellent are: the yield and quality of the cotton are superior to other cotton varieties which do not resist high temperature.
Preferably, the pedigree breeding comprises the following specific steps: firstly, carrying out 1 st generation resource propagation on the individual plant in the step (3) at a natural temperature, and selecting 1 generation individual plants with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters from the 1 st generation; and then, screening 2 nd and 3 rd generations of the 1 generation individual plant by adopting the same method, and finally selecting 1 strain with the highest comprehensive agronomic character to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
The pedigree breeding is a breeding method carried out in the cotton variety breeding process, the process does not need high temperature and closed flower pollination, namely the conventional pedigree breeding is carried out, the specific content is that 1 generation resource breeding is carried out on 1 cotton variety resource, a good single plant is selected from the 1 st generation, then the plant row comparison test of the 2 nd generation single plant is carried out, then a plurality of good plant rows are selected, the 3 rd generation carries out the strain comparison test of the variety on the selected good plurality of plant rows, thereby 1 best strain of the variety is selected, and the best strain can be 1 variety after being examined and determined by related departments through each stage of legal tests.
Preferably, the screening of step (2) is at cotton flowering stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety, which comprises the steps of screening high-temperature-resistant cotton germplasm resources and breeding the new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety by utilizing the natural closed-flower pollination habit of cotton, and screening closed-flower pollination plants in a large-area cotton germplasm resource garden under the condition of natural high temperature (not lower than 35 ℃) in the field in summer, so as to obtain the new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety; the method is simple to operate, accurate and efficient, can shorten the breeding period and improve the breeding efficiency, and can be widely applied to the identification of the high-temperature resistance of cotton and the breeding of new high-temperature resistant varieties.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cotton pattern of a screened closed-flower receptacle powder under natural high temperature (not lower than 35 ℃ C.) according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing cotton which normally flowers in nature under the natural high temperature (not lower than 35 ℃ C.) condition according to comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety comprises the following steps:
(1) gathering and introducing various cotton varieties in high-temperature-resistant potential materials reported in literatures or possible high-temperature-resistant materials recommended by a national cotton germplasm bank, and establishing a resource garden;
(2) planting cotton varieties in a resource garden, wherein each variety is planted into 3 rows, the row length is 10 meters, the width is 1.2 meters, screening plants capable of closing flowers and pollinating naturally in the cotton flowering period at the natural temperature of not less than 35 ℃, marking the plants, selecting single plants, collecting seed cotton of the single plants, and performing indoor seed test of yield and quality;
(3) and (3) performing pedigree breeding on the single plants with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters of seed cotton seed test results, and selecting the single plants with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters of closed flowers and pollen under the high-temperature condition to obtain a new high-temperature resistant cotton variety.
Application example
In 2015, 2000 cotton variety resources are bred, 1 variety resource (named Wan cotton research 188) capable of naturally closing flowers and pollinating is screened from 2000 varieties, and 10 single plants are selected from the variety resource;
in 2016, planting 10 single plants into 1 row to form 10 plant rows, respectively marking numbers, respectively marking the plant rows 1 and 2.... 10 plant rows, respectively collecting seed cotton of 10 plant rows, and performing indoor seed test of yield measurement and quality, wherein the test results show that 5 plant rows, namely the plant row 1, the plant row 3, the plant row 6 and the plant row 8, have higher yield and better quality, and the seeds of corresponding plant rows are reserved;
in 2017 and 2018, 5 plant rows of seeds, namely plant row 1, plant row 3, plant row 6 and plant row 8, are subjected to strain comparison test for 2 years, the 2-year test results comprehensively show that the plant row 8 has the highest yield and the best quality, and the genealogy identification name is Wan Cotton research 188;
in 2019, we further verify that Wan cotton research 188 can naturally close flowers and receive powder under the condition that the natural high temperature is not lower than 35 ℃, and is a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety; the blossoming and fruiting are shown in figure 1, the pollen normally develops, and the bud bolls are less shed;
meanwhile, the No. 27 cotton, a new variety of cotton which is not resistant to high temperature, is set as a comparative example, the experimental results are shown in a table 1, and the flowering and fruiting in 2019 are shown in a table 2, so that pollen abortion and a large amount of bud bolls are easy to cause.
TABLE 13 year test results
From the above, the yield of the new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety Anhui cotton research 188 in 3 years is relatively stable, and the yield and the quality are not influenced under the high-temperature condition in 2019 years; the yield and the quality of the cotton variety Anhui cotton No. 27 which does not resist high temperature (cotton regional trial comparison variety in Anhui province) are greatly influenced under the high-temperature condition of 2019 years, so that the yield is reduced, and the quality is poor.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The method for cultivating the new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety is characterized by comprising the following steps of: placing the cotton variety in the natural high temperature for planting, screening out single plants which are closed flower powder-bearing and have excellent comprehensive agronomic characters, and performing pedigree breeding to obtain the new high temperature resistant cotton variety.
2. The method for breeding a new variety of high temperature resistant cotton as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) gathering and introducing various cotton varieties in high-temperature-resistant potential materials reported in literatures or possible high-temperature-resistant materials recommended by a national cotton germplasm bank, and establishing a resource garden;
(2) planting the cotton variety in the resource garden, screening a closed flower pollinated plant from the cotton variety under a natural high-temperature condition, marking the plant, selecting a single plant, collecting seed cotton of the single plant, and performing indoor seed test on the seed cotton with yield and quality;
(3) and performing pedigree breeding on the single plant with the seed cotton seed testing result and excellent comprehensive agronomic characters to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the natural high temperature is not lower than 35 ℃.
4. The method for breeding a new variety of high temperature resistant cotton as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the standard of good comprehensive agronomic traits is: the yield and quality of the cotton are superior to other cotton varieties which do not resist high temperature.
5. The method for breeding a new variety of high-temperature resistant cotton as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the pedigree breeding comprises the following specific steps: firstly, carrying out 1 st generation resource propagation on the individual plant in the step (3) at a natural temperature, and selecting 1 generation individual plants with excellent comprehensive agronomic characters from the 1 st generation; and then, screening 2 nd and 3 rd generations of the 1 generation individual plant by adopting the same method, and finally selecting 1 strain with the highest comprehensive agronomic character to obtain a new high-temperature-resistant cotton variety.
6. The method for breeding a new variety of high temperature resistant cotton as claimed in claim 2, wherein the screening in step (2) is performed during the cotton blooming period.
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