CN111406641B - Breeding method of new low-equi-value superfine-spun high-count yarn sea island cotton strain - Google Patents
Breeding method of new low-equi-value superfine-spun high-count yarn sea island cotton strain Download PDFInfo
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- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of a new strain of low-equi-value superfine high-count-spun sea island cotton. The method for breeding the sea island cotton strain comprises the following steps: planting parent resources meeting the breeding target, emasculating and pollinating, harvesting F1 generations, and continuously selecting offspring between F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations; the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the strain with good comprehensive properties is used as a female parent to perform hybridization, the F1 generation is obtained, the offspring is planted and eliminated, the single plant is selected in the F2-F4 generation according to specific agronomic properties and fiber quality properties concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, the flower sealing and selfing are performed, and the target strain is bred by continuous generation adding. The method is used for directional breeding of the low-equi-value superfine new variety (line), and has the characteristics of clear target and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a breeding method of a new strain (variety) of sea island cotton, in particular to a breeding method of a new strain of sea island cotton with specific quality characters such as low micronaire value, superfine fiber fineness and the like, and relates to the field of agricultural breeding.
Background
The sea island cotton fiber has excellent quality and character, is commonly used for manufacturing high-end textile products and special textile products, and has higher economic value. Along with the gradual improvement of national living standard and the development of textile technology, textile products gradually change from spinning low count yarns to spinning high count yarns and ultrahigh count yarns, so the requirements on the quality and the properties of raw cotton are higher and higher. However, the quality and character homogeneity of the sea island cotton examined and bred in China is serious, and the high-quality sea island cotton variety for spinning high-count ultra-high count yarns is lacked, so that the development of the cotton industry is hindered. Therefore, the breeding of new sea island cotton strain (variety) suitable for spinning high count yarn has important significance for the sustainable development of the cotton spinning industry in China.
At present, island cotton in China is only planted in Xinjiang, and is limited by a variety approval system, a fiber quality detection means and popularization and planting in the process of breeding the island cotton, most breeders only pay attention to disease resistance, yield and quality characters (the average length of the upper half part of fiber is more than or equal to 36mm, the fiber breaking ratio strength is more than or equal to 45cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.7-4.2) meeting the variety approval requirements to breed the island cotton variety, and almost rarely breed new varieties according to the requirements of spinning enterprises for spinning high-count and ultrahigh-count yarns (more than 140S). The development of many cotton spinning enterprises in China is limited, high-count and ultrahigh-count yarns are difficult to produce in a large scale, and the competitiveness of the enterprises in the international market is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate new sea island cotton strains (varieties) with low micronaire value (less than or equal to 3.5) and superfine fiber fineness (less than or equal to 135 millitesla), ensure the healthy development of the cotton industry in China and meet the production requirements of the cotton spinning industry.
Prior art documents CN102229980B, CN102229981B and CN102229982B disclose methods for breeding sea island cotton with improved micronaire of cotton, which are all molecular breeding methods, and by performing cotton fiber quality detection on chromosome segment introgression lines of sea island cotton, specific introgression lines with significantly low micronaire are screened out, and the introgression lines are used as non-recurrent parents, and are hybridized, backcrossed for 2 generations and self-crossed for 3 generations, and assisted by molecular marker selection, a new cotton line with excellent micronaire is obtained. The molecular breeding methods have higher requirements on operation technology and higher cost, and the new varieties of the selected cotton are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of low micronaire value (less than or equal to 3.5) and superfine fiber fineness (less than or equal to 135 millitex).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding a new sea island cotton strain (variety) with low micronaire and superfine fiber fineness.
The invention also aims to provide the sea island cotton fiber produced by the sea island cotton obtained by the breeding method.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the sea island cotton fiber in spinning high-count yarns with over 140S.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for breeding an island cotton strain, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting parent resources meeting a breeding target, castrating and pollinating, harvesting F1 generations, and continuously selecting progeny among F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations;
step two: the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the strain with good comprehensive properties is used as a female parent to perform hybridization, the F1 generation is obtained, the offspring is planted and eliminated, the single plant is selected in the F2-F4 generation according to specific agronomic properties and fiber quality properties concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, the flower sealing selfing is performed, and the target strain is selected and bred by continuous generation adding.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method of the invention, in the first step, the quality characters of the parent resources meeting the breeding target are as follows: the fiber length is more than 34mm, and the micronaire value is less than 3.9.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, after F1 generation is harvested, the F5 generation with excellent field performance and excellent fiber quality is obtained by continuously selecting the offspring between F2 generation and F4 generation according to the combined dibble seeding number.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, when continuous selection is carried out between F2-F4 generations, a single plant with a micronaire value of less than 3.7, an average length of the upper half of the fiber of more than 37mm and a uniformity index of more than 87% is selected. Preferably, the individual plants can be further selected according to specific agronomic traits and fiber quality traits concerned by spinning enterprises by combining physical detection means.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, the character of the F5 generation: the micronaire value is lower than 3.7, the average length of the upper half of the fiber is more than 37mm, and the fineness is below 140 millitex. In general, the F5 generation has a high-yielding plant type: the single plant has strong boll bearing property, large single boll, compact plant type, short fruit branches, good stress resistance and resistance to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt; the quality character of the fiber reaches the breeding target.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step, parent resources are collected and a field plant row planting mode is carried out.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the second step, the female parent characters: the weight of a single bell is more than 3.0g, the regularity index is more than 87.0 percent, and the micronaire value is lower than 3.7.
According to the specific implementation scheme of the invention, the selective breeding method adopts a south-breeding and north-breeding alternate planting mode for selection and elimination. Preferably, in the whole breeding process, different generation materials can be alternately planted in Alar and Hainan Xinjiang, so that a new sea island cotton material with excellent fiber quality and character and stable inheritance is effectively screened out, the breeding period is shortened, and the cross breeding efficiency is improved.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method, in the first step and the second step, the individual plants and the strains which meet the breeding target are directionally selected according to the agronomic character observation and the fiber quality character detection of the breeding target from the F2 generation. Preferably, the monoclonal materials harvested in each generation are subjected to fiber micronaire value and fiber fineness detection, and strains with a micronaire value of less than 3.7 and a fiber fineness of 140 millitex or less are selected, more preferably strains with a micronaire value of less than 3.5 and a fiber fineness of 135 millitex or less are selected. Further preferably, the fiber quality character detection also comprises detecting the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the breaking ratio strength, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index and/or the spinning consistency, and eliminating materials which do not meet the character requirements. In the present invention, it is preferable to select individuals having an alignment index of 87% or more.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the breeding method of the present invention, the requirement for the agronomic traits of each generation, particularly of the parent resources, is usually: compact plant type, moderate internode, short fruit branch, smooth and centralized boll opening and easy flower picking. And (3) yield and character aspects: moderate growth period, no premature senility, strong adaptability, strong single plant boll formation and good high yield, and can be widely popularized and planted in local areas. The particular choice of these requirements can be readily determined by one skilled in the art based on the actual growth conditions.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the breeding method of the invention, when continuously selecting between F2-F4 generations, the single plant with compact plant type, strong boll forming property, centralized boll opening, good boll containing property and good picking property is preferably selected. The particular choice of these requirements can also be readily determined by one skilled in the art based on the actual growth conditions.
According to the specific implementation scheme of the invention, the breeding method carries out the harvesting work and the delinting and seed reserving work of the single plant from the selfing work of the third fruit branch to the end of the tenth fruit branch in the flowering period of different generations.
The breeding method of the new sea island cotton strain can be specially used for directionally breeding the new sea island cotton strain (variety) of the spun high count yarn (more than 140S) with low micronaire value and superfine fiber fineness. The cross method of double crossing overcomes the relativity between fiber quality characters, obviously reduces the micronaire value and fiber fineness, and keeps other quality character indexes unchanged.
In some embodiments of the invention, new varieties of Gossypium barbadense with low micronaire and ultra-fine fiber are bred. The breeding method of the invention comprises the step one, the Xinhai No. 2 is used as a female parent, and the Xinhai No. 14 is used as a male parent. In the second step, xinhai No. 20 is used as the female parent.
In some more specific embodiments of the present invention, a new line "yunlong 33" (i.e., "line 3", designated as "yunlong 33" in 1 month of 2018, the same below) suitable for spinning high count ultra-high count yarn self-breeding cotton has been cultivated by the method of the present invention. The specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an approved Xinhai No. 2 as a female parent and a Xinhai No. 14 as a male parent for hybridization, manually emasculating and pollinating in windless or breezy and clear days, harvesting the F1 generation, and carrying out combined dibbling numbering, wherein the offspring is continuously selected among the F2-F4 generations to obtain the F5 generation with excellent field performance and excellent fiber quality;
(2) Hybridizing the obtained F5 generation serving as a male parent and the Xinhai No. 20 serving as a female parent to obtain an F1 generation, planting and eliminating selection of later generations, selecting single plants in the F2-F4 generation according to specific agronomic characters and fiber quality characters concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, and then performing flower sealing selfing to select lines capable of being stably inherited through a line and variety comparison test;
(3) The obtained strain is subjected to field identification, fiber quality character test and pilot spinning, and the obtained strain is the new sea island cotton strain (variety) with low micronic micronaire value, namely 'Yuanlong No. 33'.
Through detection, the new sea island cotton strain (variety) 'Yuanlong No. 33' fiber quality character is bred: the micronaire value is below 3.5, the fiber fineness is lower than 135 millitex, the average length of the upper half of the fiber is above 39mm, and the breaking specific strength is above 42 cN/tex.
Thus, in another aspect, the present invention also provides an gossypium barbadense fiber produced from the new strain(s) of gossypium barbadense bred by the method of the present invention. In some embodiments of the invention, new varieties of Gossypium barbadense with low micronaire and ultra-fine fiber are bred. The new variety of sea island cotton selected by the breeding method has a fiber micronaire value below 3.5 and a fiber fineness below 135 millitex. Preferably, the average length of the upper half of the fiber is more than 39mm, and the breaking specific strength is more than 42 cN/tex.
The invention also provides the application of the sea island cotton fiber in spinning high count yarn with more than 140S.
In summary, the present invention provides a method for breeding a new variety of sea island cotton, which can breed a new variety (variety) of sea island cotton with low micronaire value and fiber fineness for ultra-fine spinning of high count yarn, wherein the method of double crossing is used for hybridization, directional selection is performed from low generation according to fiber quality characters and specific agronomic characters concerned by spinning enterprises, single plant selection is continuously performed in different generations, single plants and plant row materials harvested in different generations are used for detecting fiber quality and fiber fineness, fiber character indexes and field agronomic characters concerned by spinning cotton spinning enterprises are tracked, and a new material meeting breeding targets is rapidly obtained. The method of the invention ensures that the bred new strain (seed) is homozygous by continuous generation-adding selection, and the degree of purity is over 99 percent after F6 generation generally, so that the bred target strain can be stably inherited. The method of the invention has the advantages of efficiently and quickly cultivating the high-quality cotton Yuanlong No. 33 suitable for spinning the high count yarn and the ultrahigh count yarn, making up for the shortage of short plates for spinning the high count ultrahigh count yarn sea island cotton in China, and improving the market competitiveness of the high-quality raw cotton. The method has the characteristics of clear target and high efficiency, and ensures the self-sufficient capability of the high-quality sea island cotton in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of breeding the new variety of sea island cotton of the present invention, yuanlong No. 33.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is provided for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments and the advantageous effects thereof, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the examples, the fiber quality properties were measured using the Uster HVI and AFIS instruments.
Example 1
The embodiment is a sea island cotton strain which has the micronaire value lower than 3.5 and the fiber fineness less than 135 mm and is particularly suitable for spinning high count yarns. The specific breeding method comprises the following steps:
1. determining a breeding target according to the requirement of spinning enterprises for spinning high count yarns, collecting appropriate parent resources, and improving the agronomic characters: compact plant type, moderate internode, short fruit branch, smooth and centralized boll opening and easy flower picking; and (3) yield and character aspects: the growth period is moderate, the early senescence is avoided, the adaptability is strong, the single plant has strong boll setting and good yield, and the variety planted in large area is popularized locally; quality and character aspects: the fiber length is more than 34mm, the micronaire value is less than 3.9, and the method is suitable for spinning 80S high count yarns and designing a hybrid combination;
2. carrying out field plant row planting on the collected parents, ensuring the purity by selfing, collecting cotton bolls to detect the quality characters of the fibers, and mainly investigating the micronaire value and the fiber fineness, wherein the micronaire value is less than 3.7, the fiber fineness is less than 140 millitex, and the uniformity is more than 87%;
3. carrying out hybridization combination matching, and carrying out classified planting on the parent resources of the determined hybridization combination according to breeding targets;
4. and (3) selecting a sunny and calm weather for artificial emasculation and pollination in the full bloom period from the beginning of 7 months to the middle of 7 months, wherein buds of about 1.5cm are exposed from the fourth fruit branch to the seventh fruit branch of the female parent material for artificial emasculation when the day before pollination is 18-19 in the afternoon. Picking male parent flowers with openings of about 1cm when pollination is carried out on the day 11;
5. harvesting hybrid F1 generation in the beginning of 10 months, and stripping and reserving seeds by using a small-sized flower binding machine;
6. the harvested hybrid F1 generation is subjected to generation addition in Hainan, dibbling according to combination, selfing work is started from the third fruit branch to the tenth fruit branch in flowering periods of different generations, and single-plant harvesting work and down-stripping seed-reserving work are performed in a harvesting period;
7. directionally selecting single plants and strains which accord with a breeding target from F2 generation to agricultural character observation and fiber quality character detection according to the breeding target;
8. the harvested individual cotton fiber samples of the material were subjected to: testing the micronaire value, the fiber fineness, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the fiber specific strength, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index, the spinning consistency and the like, mainly investigating the micronaire value and the fiber fineness, wherein the micronaire value is lower than 3.7, the fiber fineness is lower than 140 millitex, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is larger than 37mm, the uniformity index is more than 87%, the plant type is compact, the boll forming performance is high, the boll forming performance is concentrated, the boll containing performance is good, the picking performance is good, and materials which do not meet the property requirements are eliminated until the F5 generation;
9. taking the obtained F5 generation as a male parent and a strain with good comprehensive properties (wide adaptability, strong boll forming property, single boll weight of more than 3.0g, uniformity index of more than 87.0%, micronaire value of less than 3.7 and suitability for spinning high count yarn) Xinhai No. 20 as a female parent, then carrying out hybridization, harvesting the F1 generation, carrying out planting and elimination selection on offspring, operating as 4-7 strips in example 1, and similarly carrying out the following steps on the harvested single plant material cotton fiber samples: testing the micronaire value, the fiber fineness, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the fiber specific strength, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index, the spinning consistency and the like, mainly investigating the micronaire value and the fiber fineness, selecting single plants with the micronaire value lower than 3.5, the fiber fineness less than 135 millitex, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber more than 37mm, the uniformity index more than 87%, compact plant type, strong boll formation, centralized boll formation, good boll inclusion and good picking performance, eliminating materials which do not meet the property requirements, and then performing seal selfing until F5 generation;
10. after planting the F5 generation meeting the target character requirements, observing the agronomic characters in the whole growth period, harvesting all cotton bolls at the end of 10 months, performing cotton ginning and seed reserving, and detecting the fiber quality: the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the fiber specific strength, the micronaire value, the fiber fineness, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index, the spinning consistency and the like, and the single plant has strong bolling performance, large single boll, compact plant type, short fruit branches, good stress resistance and fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt resistance; the fiber quality character reaches the breeding target, the micronaire value is lower than 3.5, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is larger than 37mm, the fiber fineness is smaller than 135 millitex, the specific breaking strength of the fiber is larger than 42cN/tex, the spinning consistency is higher than 230, and the fiber is suitable for spinning 140S and above high count yarns. Reserving strains meeting requirements for planting the rows and the plants;
11. performing plant-to-plant experiments on the F6 generation material meeting the target requirements, investigating the stability of the agricultural shape, the yield, the micronaire value and the fiber fineness of the variety, eliminating the material with larger variation amplitude, and mainly eliminating the material with larger fiber quality character difference, poor repeatability and large environmental influence among repetitions;
12. strain stabilization and propagation, plant row and small-area propagation tests and final propagation determination are carried out, the stability, purity, fiber micronaire value, fiber fineness and the like of the strain (strain) are inspected, and trial spinning is carried out, wherein the trial spinning is mainly used for inspecting whether high-count yarns manufactured by taking the strain (strain) as a raw material can meet the A-level yarn standard required by a customer;
13. and carrying out large-area propagation planting and order agricultural production on the strains which have stable genetic characteristics and meet expected targets, and carrying out production development on high-count and ultra-high-count yarns.
In the embodiment, according to the steps, an approved Xinhai No. 2 serves as a female parent and a Xinhai No. 14 serves as a male parent for hybridization, artificial emasculation and pollination are performed under windless or breezy and clear weather, F1 generation is harvested, the combined dibble seeding numbering is carried out, offspring are continuously selected from F2 generation to F4 generation, and F5 generation with excellent field performance and excellent fiber quality is obtained; the obtained F5 generation is used as a male parent, the Xinhai No. 20 is used as a female parent, hybridization is carried out, the F1 generation is obtained, the offspring is planted and eliminated, and selection is carried out, single plants are selected in the F2-F4 generation according to specific agronomic characters and fiber quality characters concerned by spinning enterprises by combining a physical detection means, and then flower sealing selfing is carried out, and strains capable of being stably inherited are selected through a strain and variety comparison test; the obtained strain is subjected to field identification, fiber quality character test and pilot spinning, and the obtained strain is the new sea island cotton strain (variety) with low micronic micronaire value, namely 'Yuanlong No. 33'. The breeding process of Yuanlong No. 33 can be seen in figure 1.
Compared with the currently approved new sea series sea island cotton variety, "Yuanlong No. 33" has the characteristics of low micronaire value (less than or equal to 3.5), thinner fiber (less than or equal to 135 millitex) and longer fiber (more than or equal to 39 mm), increases the income of enterprises and farmers by planting more than 3000 mu in agriculture through orders, continuously tracks the detection results of HVI and AFIS, has stable yield and quality characters, and is suitable for spinning 140S-200S high-count yarns (tables 1-5).
Table 1: "Yuanlong No. 33" different high count yarn test spinning result
Note: in table 1, neps in the yarn of "yunlong No. 33" trial spinning 200S are larger than the customer requirements, on one hand, due to the superfine fineness of the fiber of "yunlong No. 33", and on the other hand, are influenced by the yarn forming process. The hairiness is larger than the requirement of a client and can be eliminated in the subsequent processing process.
Table 2: quality and character expression of each test point of 'Yuanlong No. 33' different years
Note: the high-temperature weather lasts for a long time in 2015, the growth and development of cotton fibers are hindered, and the quality of the cotton fibers is influenced.
Table 3: yuanlong No. 33 yield in different years and agronomic character phenotype
Table 4: detection result of 'Yuanlong No. 33' cotton fiber character
Table 5: "Yuanlong No. 33" AFIS detection result
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, and it is understood that various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A method for breeding sea island cotton strain comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting parent resources meeting a breeding target by taking Xinhai No. 2 as a female parent and taking Xinhai No. 14 as a male parent, castrating and pollinating, harvesting F1 generations, and continuously selecting offspring among F2-F4 generations to obtain F5 generations;
step two: hybridizing the obtained F5 generation serving as a male parent and the strain with good comprehensive properties serving as a female parent, harvesting the F1 generation, planting and eliminating selection of progeny, selecting single plants in the F2-F4 generation, performing flower sealing selfing, and selecting and breeding the target strain by continuous generation adding;
in the second step, the female parent character: the weight of a single bell is more than 3.0g, the regularity index is more than 87.0 percent, and the micronaire value is lower than 3.7.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step one, the quality traits of the parent resources meeting the breeding goal are: the fiber length is more than 34mm, and the micronaire value is less than 3.9.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, when selecting between F2-F4 generations consecutively, individuals are selected which have a micronaire value of less than 3.7, an average length of the upper half of the fiber of more than 37mm, and a regularity index of more than 87%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step one, the trait for the F5 generation: the micronaire value is lower than 3.7, the average length of the upper half of the fiber is more than 37mm, and the fineness is below 140 millitex.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the second step, the new sea No. 20 is used as the female parent.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein selection and elimination are performed by alternate planting in north and south breeding.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step and the second step, the individual plant and the line which meet the breeding target are directionally selected according to the agronomic trait observation and the fiber quality trait detection from the F2 generation of the breeding target respectively.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the fiber micronaire value and the fiber fineness of the single plant and plant row material harvested from each generation are detected, and a strain with the micronaire value lower than 3.7 and the fiber fineness below 140 mT is screened.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein individual plants and plant row materials harvested from each generation are tested for fiber micronaire value and fiber fineness, and strains with a micronaire value of 3.5 or less and a fiber fineness of 135 mT or less are selected.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the fiber quality property detection further comprises detecting the average length of the upper half part of the fiber, the strength of the breaking ratio, the fiber maturity, the uniformity index and the spinning consistency, and eliminating materials which do not meet the property requirement.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting work and delinting and seed-reserving work of the individual plants are performed from the selfing work of the third fruit branch to the end of the tenth fruit branch at the flowering stage of different generations.
12. An island cotton fiber produced from the island cotton strain bred by the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. The sea island cotton fiber of claim 12, having a micronaire value of 3.5 or less and a fiber fineness of 135 mt or less.
14. The sea island cotton fiber of claim 13, wherein the average length of the upper half thereof is 39mm or more and the breaking strength is 42cN/tex or more.
15. Use of the sea island cotton fiber of any one of claims 12-14 for spinning a high count yarn of 140S or more.
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