CN111206424A - 一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺 Download PDF

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CN111206424A
CN111206424A CN202010028482.7A CN202010028482A CN111206424A CN 111206424 A CN111206424 A CN 111206424A CN 202010028482 A CN202010028482 A CN 202010028482A CN 111206424 A CN111206424 A CN 111206424A
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yarn
antistatic
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polyester
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林武杰
刘雪云
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Changjiang Textile Zhejiang Co ltd
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Abstract

本实施例所涉及的一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，包括如下步骤：松式络筒、装笼、抗静电处理、脱水、烘干、倒纱。步骤三在保护气体的条件下对松筒纱进行抗静电处理，是在染缸内加入涤纶溶胀处理液，并从室温升温至100℃，并保持5min，再降温至50℃；再加入引发剂和抗静电剂，所加入的抗静电剂的为20g/L。溶胀剂可使得涤纶纤维溶胀，在溶胀位置亦可于抗静电剂接枝，可深入至纤维的内部。本发明所涉及的一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，采用先浆涤纶纱线溶胀，再采用特制的抗静电剂与涤纶分子中的基团相结合，形成牢固的结合力，使得纱线在使用过程中抗静电剂不易脱落，使用纱线在经过整经、织造等工序后还具有良好的抗静电性能。

Description

一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及涤纶纱线后处理技术领域，尤其是一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺。
背景技术
涤纶分子间是由共价键结合，既不能电离，也不能传递电子，容易产生和积聚电荷，再加下涤纶纤维中极性基团很少，疏水性大，因此，电荷散逸性困难，不可避免地要产生静电。抗静电是添加在合成纤维表面的用以防止静电危害的一列化学添加剂。由于涤纶具有很高的体积电阻率，易积蓄静电而发生危险，抗静电剂多系表面活性剂，可使得纤维表面亲合水分，离子型表面活性剂还有导电作用。
在织造过程中，尤其是纯涤纶纱线在进行梭织或针织时，会产生静电，但是现有的静电处理方式，是对涤纶纱线或长丝表面喷洒抗静电剂，使得在织造过程可以顺利进行。但是现有的对涤纶纱线进行的抗静电处理，纱线的抗静电性能在摩擦过程中，纱线表面的抗静电剂会脱落，使得织造过程在前期可以顺利进行，但是在摩擦或放置一段时间后，现使用就会产生静电，对织造过程产生影响。如何使得涤纶长丝具有良好的抗静电性能和持久的抗静电性能，成为一个需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，使得涤纶纱线具有持久的抗静电性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明所涉及的一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，，包括如下步骤：步骤一，松式络筒；步骤二，装笼；步骤三，抗静电处理；步骤四，脱水；步骤五，烘干；步骤六，倒纱；
其中上述的步骤一中，通过松式络筒机，把涤纶纱线按要求翻至塑料筒管上，并清除纱线上的疵点、杂质，采用较大纱线卷绒角，配备络筒张力渐减装置和卷绒压力渐减装置，使筒了卷绒密度减少，内外层卷绒密度均匀，形成密度一致、成形良好的松筒纱；所述松筒纱的密度为0.32-0.38g/cm3；
其中上述的步骤二中，是把松筒纱按要求装上纱笼的纱杆上，使松筒纱在纱杆上凹凸连接，顶部用钢碟、锁头锁住，以备进行抗静电处理；
其中上述的步骤三中，对松筒纱进行抗静电处理，是在染缸内加入涤纶溶胀处理液，并从室温升温至100-110℃，并保持5-10min，再降温至50-60℃；再加入引发剂和抗静电剂，所加入的抗静电剂的为20-30g/L；
其中上述的步骤四中，脱水是采用离心式脱水机；
其中上述的步骤五中，脱水后的纱线采用高频烘干机烘干，纱线经过上下两个极板形成的电流场及位于烘干机外侧的磁铁所形成的磁场，在电流场中纱线中的水分子由于受电流场的作用，分子运动加速，分子与分子之间的摩擦加剧从而产生热量形成水蒸汽，再由抽风机把水蒸汽抽出至空气中；并且由于在磁场和电场的共同作用，可使得抗静电剂与涤纶分子更好的结合；
其中上述的步骤六中，将烘干后的纱翻倒成符合退绕要求且成型良好的筒子纱。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述的溶胀处理液中溶胀处理剂的浓度为5-10％。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述的溶胀剂为乙酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、环己酮或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中一种或几种的混合；
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述的引发剂为双氧水或过氧化苯甲酰。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述的抗静电剂由如下步骤所制得：
a、将40-50份对苯二甲酸二甲酸与20-30质量份的乙二醇加入反应容器中，然后按照0.5-1℃/min的升温速率升温至180-190℃，保温1-3h，当甲醇不再馏出为止；
b、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中，加入3-5份亚磷酸三苯酯、2-3份聚乙二醇、0.5-1份三氧化二锑，升温至210-220℃，并在保护气体条件下常压缩聚1h后，再加入10-15份壳聚糖，再缓慢升温至260-280℃条件下减压缩聚，并保持2-3h，然后降温至80-90℃；
c、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中加入1-4份的三羟乙基甲基胺硫酸甲酯盐、1-2份的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、2-4份的吐温-80、10-15份的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、8-10份的丙烯酸羟乙酯、2-4份的偶氮二异丁腈，并升温至150-160℃，搅拌均匀保温2-3h。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明所涉及的一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，采用先浆涤纶纱线溶胀，再采用特制的抗静电剂与涤纶分子中的基团相结合，形成牢固的结合力，使得纱线在使用过程中抗静电剂不易脱落，使用纱线在经过整经、织造等工序后还具有良好的抗静电性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例一
本实施例所涉及的一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，包括如下步骤：包括如下步骤：步骤一，松式络筒；步骤二，装笼；步骤三，抗静电处理；步骤四，脱水；步骤五，烘干；步骤六，倒纱。
其中上述的步骤一中，通过松式络筒机，把涤纶纱线按要求翻至塑料筒管上，并清除纱线上的疵点、杂质，采用较大纱线卷绒角，配备络筒张力渐减装置和卷绒压力渐减装置，使筒了卷绒密度减少，内外层卷绒密度均匀，形成密度一致、成形良好的松筒纱；所述松筒纱的密度为0.32-0.38g/cm3。
本实施例中是采用松筒纱在筒纱染色设备中进行抗静电处理。采用松筒纱进行抗静电处理可以减少工序，可提高劳动生产率。为了适应松筒纱处理的要求，采用恒定卷绒比精密交叉卷绕和数控分层卷绕两种功能实现精密交叉卷绕。在卷绕时采用单锭控制驱动器，通过实时采集卷绕电机反馈编码器脉冲信号计算其实时速度，根据精密卷绕工艺要求，与卷绕电机转速按照卷绕比的定义保持一定关系，让纱线以空间螺旋线的形状复绕在纱筒上。
并且在卷绕时采用超喂罗拉，在精密卷绕过程中纱线线速度肯定大于纱筒退绕线速度，张力值因此增大，而过大的张力不但得不到优质纱筒，而且会增加纱线的断送，降低生产效率。因此在卷绕时采用超喂的方法，即送出纱线的速度大于卷绕纱线的速度。将纱线卷绕时筒子硬拖纱线的状况改变成缓和地卷取纱线的状态，从而减少断头，获得满意的松筒纱。纱线在超喂量控制在1.02-1.06，本实施例中由于为涤纶纱线，具体可根据纱线的细度确定超喂量，本实施例中使用的是32tex的全涤纶纱线，超喂量为1.05。并且控制松筒纱的密度为0.35g/cm3。
影响松筒纱卷装的主要因素有：速度、卷装压力、张力、超喂、交叉角、温湿度。对于卷绕速度，松筒纱的线速度随着纱筒的卷绕半径变化而变化，而线速度的变化直接引起卷绕张力的波动，从而会影响纱筒的成型质量和纱线的机械物理性能。如果外层纱的张力大于内层纱的张力，就容易产生松筒纱外层纱挤压内层纱的胀边现象；如果络纱过程中，张力变化过大，也会容易造成因络纱张力不同出现纱线拉伸率不同，这就要求在络筒过程中尽量减少张力及压力的波动。松式络筒纱的速度采用850m/min的线速度为宜。
根据所要求的卷装密度和硬度来调节和保持支撑罗拉上的卷装压力。随着筒纱直径的增大，卷装重量的增大，这时筒子纱的气动装置来调节和补偿支撑罗拉上的传输压力，逐渐增大卷装压力，一般卷装压力为2N，并且随着时间的增长，卷装压力逐渐增大。
其中上述的步骤二中，是把松筒纱按要求装上纱笼的纱杆上，使松筒纱在纱杆上凹凸连接，顶部用钢碟、锁头锁住，以备进行抗静电处理。
其中上述的步骤三中，在保护气体的条件下对松筒纱进行抗静电处理，是在染缸内加入涤纶溶胀处理液，并从室温升温至100℃，并保持5min，再降温至50℃；再加入引发剂和抗静电剂，所加入的抗静电剂的为20g/L。具体所使用的保护气为氮气。溶胀处理液中溶胀处理涤纶纤维溶胀，使得其与抗静电剂进行接枝能够进行的更多，可在溶胀位置亦可于抗静电剂接枝，可深入至纤维的内部。在溶胀剂的作用下，涤纶分子的酯基水解成-OH和-COOH，可提高与抗静电剂结合的能力。溶胀处理液中溶胀处理剂的浓度为5％。
在保护气体的条件下经过溶胀剂的作用下，可使得所使用的溶胀剂为乙酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、环己酮或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中一种或几种的混合。在本步骤中具体为乙酸与乙二醇按照1：2的比例混合所得到。
其中上述的步骤四中，脱水是采用离心式脱水机。
其中上述的步骤五中，脱水后的纱线采用高频烘干机烘干，纱线经过上下两个极板形成的电流场及位于烘干机外侧的磁铁所形成的磁场，在电流场中纱线中的水分子由于受电流场的作用，分子运动加速，分子与分子之间的摩擦加剧从而产生热量形成水蒸汽，再由抽风机把水蒸汽抽出至空气中；并且由于在磁场和电场的共同作用，可使得抗静电剂与涤纶分子更好的结合。在电场和磁场中的具有极性的提高抗静电剂中具有极性基团的成份的活性，使得其与涤纶分子相结合的能力。
其中上述的步骤六中，将烘干后的纱翻倒成符合退绕要求且成型良好的筒子纱。
更具体的，本实施例所涉及的抗静电剂由如下步骤所制得：
a、将40-50份对苯二甲酸二甲酸与20质量份的乙二醇加入反应容器中，然后按照0.5-1℃/min的升温速率升温至180℃，保温1h，当甲醇不再馏出为止。
b、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中，加入3份亚磷酸三苯酯、2份聚乙二醇、0.5份三氧化二锑，升温至210℃，并在保护气体条件下常压缩聚1h后，再加入10份壳聚糖，再缓慢升温至260℃条件下减压缩聚，并保持2h，然后降温至80-90℃。壳聚糖分子上含有大量的羟基和氨基等强极性基团，使得壳聚糖分子具有很高的吸湿性，并与亚磷酸三苯酯和聚乙二醇具有良好的结合能力，使得所制备的c、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中加入1份的三羟乙基甲基胺硫酸甲酯盐、1份的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、2份的吐温-80、10份的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、8份的丙烯酸羟乙酯、2份的偶氮二异丁腈，并升温至150℃，搅拌均匀保温2h。
实施例二
本实施例所涉及的一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，包括如下步骤：包括如下步骤：步骤一，松式络筒；步骤二，装笼；步骤三，抗静电处理；步骤四，脱水；步骤五，烘干；步骤六，倒纱。
其中上述的步骤一中，通过松式络筒机，把涤纶纱线按要求翻至塑料筒管上，并清除纱线上的疵点、杂质，采用较大纱线卷绒角，配备络筒张力渐减装置和卷绒压力渐减装置，使筒了卷绒密度减少，内外层卷绒密度均匀，形成密度一致、成形良好的松筒纱；所述松筒纱的密度为0.32-0.38g/cm3。
纱线在超喂量控制在1.02-1.06，本实施例中由于为涤纶纱线，具体可根据纱线的细度确定超喂量，本实施例中使用的是32tex的全涤纶纱线，超喂量为1.02。并且控制松筒纱的密度为0.38g/cm3。松式络筒纱的速度采用900m/min的线速度为宜，卷装压力为3N。
其中上述的步骤二中，是把松筒纱按要求装上纱笼的纱杆上，使松筒纱在纱杆上凹凸连接，顶部用钢碟、锁头锁住，以备进行抗静电处理。
其中上述的步骤三中，在保护气体的条件下对松筒纱进行抗静电处理，是在染缸内加入涤纶溶胀处理液，并从室温升温至110℃，并保持10min，再降温至60℃；再加入引发剂和抗静电剂，所加入的抗静电剂的为30g/L。具体所使用的保护气为氮气。溶胀处理液中溶胀处理剂的浓度为10％。
在保护气体的条件下经过溶胀剂的作用下，可使得涤纶纤维溶胀，使得其与抗静电剂进行接枝能够进行的更多，可在溶胀位置亦可于抗静电剂接枝，可深入至纤维的内部。在溶胀剂的作用下，涤纶分子的酯基水解成-OH和-COOH，可提高与抗静电剂结合的能力。
所使用的溶胀剂为乙酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、环己酮或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中一种或几种的混合。在本步骤中具体为乙二醇、聚乙二醇、环己酮按照1：1：1的比例混合所得到。
其中上述的步骤四中，脱水是采用离心式脱水机。
其中上述的步骤五中，脱水后的纱线采用高频烘干机烘干，纱线经过上下两个极板形成的电流场及位于烘干机外侧的磁铁所形成的磁场，在电流场中纱线中的水分子由于受电流场的作用，分子运动加速，分子与分子之间的摩擦加剧从而产生热量形成水蒸汽，再由抽风机把水蒸汽抽出至空气中；并且由于在磁场和电场的共同作用，可使得抗静电剂与涤纶分子更好的结合。在电场和磁场中的具有极性的提高抗静电剂中具有极性基团的成份的活性，使得其与涤纶分子相结合的能力。
其中上述的步骤六中，将烘干后的纱翻倒成符合退绕要求且成型良好的筒子纱。
更具体的，本实施例所涉及的抗静电剂由如下步骤所制得：
a、将40-50份对苯二甲酸二甲酸与30质量份的乙二醇加入反应容器中，然后按照0.5-1℃/min的升温速率升温至190℃，保温3h，当甲醇不再馏出为止。
b、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中，加入5份亚磷酸三苯酯、3份聚乙二醇、1份三氧化二锑，升温至220℃，并在保护气体条件下常压缩聚1h后，再加入15份壳聚糖，再缓慢升温至280℃条件下减压缩聚，并保持3h，然后降温至90℃。壳聚糖分子上含有大量的羟基和氨基等强极性基团，使得壳聚糖分子具有很高的吸湿性，并与亚磷酸三苯酯和聚乙二醇具有良好的结合能力，使得所制备的c、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中加入4份的三羟乙基甲基胺硫酸甲酯盐、2份的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、4份的吐温-80、15份的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、10份的丙烯酸羟乙酯、4份的偶氮二异丁腈，并升温至160℃，搅拌均匀保温3h。
对比例
本对比例所涉及的一种涤纶纱线的抗静电处理工艺，与实施例一的区别在于：步骤三中进行抗静电处理是采用聚醚类非离子抗静电剂TF-480，浓度为20-30g/L。且在烘干步骤是采用常规的烘干，并不在电场和磁场条件下进行烘干。
以实施例一、实施例二及对比例所涉及的进行抗静电性能测试和耐洗性测试。并实施例一、实施例二及对比例所制备将纱线采用横机编织成针织物，并对针织物进行抗静电性能测试和耐洗性测试。抗静电性能测试是按照FZ/T-01042-1996，温度为20℃，相对湿度为40％。耐洗性测试是按照GB/T3921.3-1997。
对于纱线抗静电性能测试和耐洗性测试的测试结果如下：
实施例一 实施例二 对比例
静电压/V 323 310 635
半衰期/s 1.2 1.5 3.6
由上表可以看出，实施例一及实施例二具有较低的静电压和较短的半衰期。可见其抗静电性能更佳。
对于针织物抗静电性能测试和耐洗性测试，结果如下：
Figure BDA0002363345880000091
Figure BDA0002363345880000101
对织物进行洗涤5次后，进行抗静电性能测试和耐洗性测试，结果如下：
实施例一 实施例二 对比例
静电压/V 523 512 863
半衰期/s 3.3 3.4 5.9
由上表可以看出，实施例一与实施例二纱线所制备的针织物在洗涤后依然具有较低的静电压和较短的半衰期。以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，包括如下步骤：步骤一，松式络筒；步骤二，装笼；步骤三，抗静电处理；步骤四，脱水；步骤五，烘干；步骤六，倒纱；其特征在于：
其中上述的步骤一中，通过松式络筒机，把涤纶纱线按要求翻至塑料筒管上，并清除纱线上的疵点、杂质，采用较大纱线卷绒角，配备络筒张力渐减装置和卷绒压力渐减装置，使筒了卷绒密度减少，内外层卷绒密度均匀，形成密度一致、成形良好的松筒纱；所述松筒纱的密度为0.32-0.38g/cm3；
其中上述的步骤二中，是把松筒纱按要求装上纱笼的纱杆上，使松筒纱在纱杆上凹凸连接，顶部用钢碟、锁头锁住，以备进行抗静电处理；
其中上述的步骤三中，对松筒纱进行抗静电处理，是在染缸内加入涤纶溶胀处理液，并从室温升温至100-110℃，并保持5-10min，再降温至50-60℃；再加入引发剂和抗静电剂，所加入的抗静电剂的为20-30g/L；
其中上述的步骤四中，脱水是采用离心式脱水机；
其中上述的步骤五中，脱水后的纱线采用高频烘干机烘干，纱线经过上下两个极板形成的电流场及位于烘干机外侧的磁铁所形成的磁场，在电流场中纱线中的水分子由于受电流场的作用，分子运动加速，分子与分子之间的摩擦加剧从而产生热量形成水蒸汽，再由抽风机把水蒸汽抽出至空气中；并且由于在磁场和电场的共同作用，可使得抗静电剂与涤纶分子更好的结合；
其中上述的步骤六中，将烘干后的纱翻倒成符合退绕要求且成型良好的筒子纱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的溶胀处理液中溶胀处理剂的浓度为5-10％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的溶胀剂为乙酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、环己酮或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中一种或几种的混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的引发剂为双氧水或过氧化苯甲酰。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涤纶纱线抗静电处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的抗静电剂由如下步骤所制得：
a、将40-50份对苯二甲酸二甲酸与20-30质量份的乙二醇加入反应容器中，然后按照0.5-1℃/min的升温速率升温至180-190℃，保温1-3h，当甲醇不再馏出为止；
b、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中，加入3-5份亚磷酸三苯酯、2-3份聚乙二醇、0.5-1份三氧化二锑，升温至210-220℃，并在保护气体条件下常压缩聚1h后，再加入10-15份壳聚糖，再缓慢升温至260-280℃条件下减压缩聚，并保持2-3h，然后降温至80-90℃；
c、依次向完成上一步骤的反应容器中加入1-4份的三羟乙基甲基胺硫酸甲酯盐、1-2份的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、2-4份的吐温-80、10-15份的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、8-10份的丙烯酸羟乙酯、2-4份的偶氮二异丁腈，并升温至150-160℃，搅拌均匀保温2-3h。
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CN113774533A (zh) * 2021-10-25 2021-12-10 罗莱生活科技股份有限公司 一种腈纶涤纶纤维混纺纱线及其制备方法
CN115233401A (zh) * 2022-07-18 2022-10-25 浙江诸暨绍弹工贸有限公司 一种涤纶纱溶胀抗静电处理工艺
CN115613352A (zh) * 2022-10-10 2023-01-17 余翔 一种透气防钻绒面料及其制备方法

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CN115613352A (zh) * 2022-10-10 2023-01-17 余翔 一种透气防钻绒面料及其制备方法

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