CN111202241B - 黄精加工方法和黄精制品 - Google Patents
黄精加工方法和黄精制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111202241B CN111202241B CN202010049441.6A CN202010049441A CN111202241B CN 111202241 B CN111202241 B CN 111202241B CN 202010049441 A CN202010049441 A CN 202010049441A CN 111202241 B CN111202241 B CN 111202241B
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- extraction
- rhizoma polygonati
- sealwort
- steaming
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种黄精加工方法和由该方法制得的黄精制品。该黄精加工方法依次包括前处理步骤、破壁步骤和提取步骤,其中所述前处理步骤包括在0.7~1.0MPa压力下的超高压蒸制步骤和半发酵步骤。根据本发明的方法具有与传统的九蒸九晒炮制工艺相近的效果,并具有生产周期短、成本低的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鲜黄精的加工方法,特别涉及一种包括超高压蒸制预处理步骤的黄精加工方法。
背景技术
黄精为百合科植物滇黄精Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.、黄精Polygonatum sibiricum Red.或多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua的干燥根茎,按形状不同,习称为"大黄精"、"鸡头黄精"、"姜形黄精"。具有补气养阴、健脾、润肺、益肾之功效,在传统中药中作为一种补益类药品而被广泛应用。
鲜黄精的传统炮制工艺是九蒸九晒工艺,鲜黄精与经过九蒸九晒处理后的黄精的成分有所不同。药物经过九蒸九晒工艺之后的疗效改变主要体现在两个方面。一方面可以降低药物的滋腻粘稠的性质,让药物变得更加容易消化,如黑芝麻,九蒸九晒工艺之后可以改善生品所造成的不消化、胃胀等症状;另一方面九蒸九晒可以分解药物里的毒性和杂质,使药性更纯更平和,其中最有代表性的就是“四大九蒸货”,即九蒸九晒地黄、黄精、何首乌、槐角。唐朝孟诜《食疗本草》中首次采用九蒸九晒的方法来进行药材炮制,并记载了九蒸九晒黄精的炮制方法及功效,并提出九蒸九晒黄精可以减少刺激性气味、毒副作用所带来的不适,增强其疗效。通过紫外-可见分光光度法来探究黄精九蒸九晒过程中每一次蒸制后多糖和皂苷含量的变化,研究结果显示,经过九蒸九晒后黄精中多糖含量降低,皂苷含量逐步增加,增强其补脾润肺、调节免疫、抗衰老、提高和改善记忆力、降血脂和血糖、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗炎抗病毒之功效。另外,鲜黄精采自土壤,收集后未及时干燥或存放不当,则会产生黄曲霉菌,导致黄曲霉菌感染。九蒸九晒工序中的反复蒸晒可消除黄精中的黄曲霉菌,使得产品安全性得到保障。
九蒸九晒炮制工艺可以提高黄精的服用效果,但是缺点很明显,费时费力,生产周期长,生产成本高,不利于产品推广。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种黄精加工方法,通过采用包括超高压蒸制的处理步骤,可实现与九蒸九晒炮制类似的效果。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种黄精加工方法,依次包括前处理步骤、破壁步骤和提取步骤;
其中,所述前处理步骤包括在0.7~1.0MPa压力下的超高压蒸制步骤和半发酵步骤。
优选地,所述半发酵步骤包括加入鲜黄精质量的1~4%的纤维素酶。
所述提取步骤包括第一提取步骤和第二提取步骤;
所述第一提取步骤为微波、超声波辅助提取,采用的第一提取剂为水;
所述第二提取步骤为超声波辅助提取,采用的第二提取剂为醇。
优选地,所述黄精加工方法进一步包括对提取步骤的产物进行的固液分离步骤。所述固液分离步骤产生的液体组分经过浓缩制成液体制剂或者经过浓缩、干燥和粉碎制成粉剂;所述固液分离步骤产生的固体组分经过粉碎、干燥制成食品。
具体地,所述破壁步骤为超声破壁步骤。
并且,所述超高压蒸制步骤包括在150~200℃的温度下,在0.7~1.0MPa的高压蒸汽中蒸制3至4小时。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种黄精制品,通过上述方法制备。
优选地,所述黄精制品为粉剂或液体制剂。
优选地,所述黄精制品为食品。
具体地,根据本发明的黄精加工方法具有如下优点:加工后黄精的成分含量与传统的九蒸九晒工艺相近,可实现与九蒸九晒炮制相近的效果,但是缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本,有利于产品的推广。
附图说明
参考随附的附图,本发明更多的目的、功能和优点将通过本发明实施方式的如下描述得以阐明,其中:
图1示意性示出了根据本发明的黄精加工方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明提供的黄精加工方法,依次包括前处理步骤、破壁步骤和提取步骤。其中,所述前处理步骤包括在0.7~1.0MPa压力下的超高压蒸制步骤和半发酵步骤。
可用于本发明的黄精可用多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua)为实验原料,但不限于多花黄精,还包括黄精(Polygonatum sibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(Polygonatumcyrtonema Hua)。
参见图1,根据一个具体实施方式,上述前处理步骤还包括在超高压蒸制步骤和半发酵步骤之前进行浸泡步骤。优选地,选用豆汁和黄酒的混合物浸泡鲜黄精,质量比可为10:1:5,浸泡温度可为50~70℃,优选60℃,浸泡时间为1~3小时,优选2小时。上述豆汁通过将黑豆与水以1:4的质量比煮开并过滤获得。由于黑豆汁中的黑豆多糖对吞噬细胞的吞噬功能有免疫抑制作用,使得吞噬细胞的吞噬功能下降,相应的活性氧产生减少;还能通过间接清除活性氧,对白细胞具有免疫抑制作用。另外,黑豆色素具有直接清除细胞体系和非细胞体系产生的活性氧作用,因此具有调理血脂蛋白,预防、治疗血脂升高的作用,对延缓动脉硬化的形成和发展具有预防和治疗功能。通过用黑豆汁温浸鲜黄精,可以使其与黄精协同作用,提高产品食用后的效果。
上述超高压蒸制步骤通常在充满高压蒸汽的高压罐内进行。具体地,超高压蒸制步骤在0.7~1.0MPa(优选0.8~1.0MPa,更优选0.9MPa)压力、150~200℃(优选160~180℃,更优选170℃)的温度下进行3至4小时。
通过上述高压蒸制步骤,鲜黄精中的部分纤维素、半纤维素已经水解,部分多糖水解成单糖,部分单糖缩水环化后形成新的醛类或酸性物质,从而使得总多糖含量减少,可溶性物质增多。
具体地,经过高压蒸制的黄精中的总多糖含量可达4.5%以上,总皂苷含量可达10.5%以上,5-羟甲基糠醛含量可达0.7%以上,并且能完全去除黄精中的黄曲霉毒素。
半发酵工艺是在经高压处理过的黄精中,加入黄精质量1~4%,优选2.5%的纤维素酶。纤维素酶是专一性水解酶,能够使长链的纤维素水解为短链的低聚糖类。优选地,半发酵工艺的反应体系的pH可为4~5,优选4.5,酶反应温度可为40~50℃,优选45℃,酶反应时间可为2~5小时,使得体系中的纤维素部分水解,形成新的多糖类物质。在该酶反应过程中,应当控制反应时间和温度在上述范围内。如果反应温度过高,酶的活性会降低,使得体系中纤维素的水解程度降低,从而形成的多糖类物质的量较少;如果反应温度过低,酶的生物活性受到影响,反应速度降低,达不到酶解的效果,即黄静中纤维素物质没有得到一定水解,得到的多糖类物质较少。如果反应时间过长,纤维素水解太彻底,会使纤维素彻底水解为双糖或者单糖,不能实现增加多糖含量的目的;如果反应时间过短,同样造成纤维素水解效果不明显,影响产物的数量。
经过上述半发酵步骤处理的黄精中总多糖含量可达7%以上。
上述破壁步骤通常采用超声波破壁方法,利用物理能量,通过震荡、摩擦,使黄精细胞壁破碎以及打断体系中长链纤维素和半纤维,增加体系中多糖、细胞后含物等水溶性物质含量,对体系中的脂类物质也有一定的乳化作用,以增加水溶性物质含量。优选地,超声波频率可为20KHz,超声功率可为1.2KW,间隔时间10秒,总工作时间30~60min。
经过上述破壁步骤之后黄精中水溶性物质含量可达75~85%。
以经过破壁步骤处理过的黄精作为原料,进行提取步骤。该提取步骤包括第一提取步骤和第二提取步骤。其中,第一提取步骤为微波、超声波辅助提取,采用的第一提取剂为水,提取多糖、皂苷等水溶性物质;第二提取步骤为超声波辅助提取,采用的第二提取剂为醇,例如乙醇,主要提取酚、醛、酮类以及脂溶性物质。
具体地,第一提取的工艺参数可为:微波功率800W,时间5min,温度90℃,料液比1:10(ml:g),提取溶剂为水,pH=7,超声波频率20KHz,超声功率0.8KW,间隔时间10秒,总工作时间30min。在该步骤中,黄精中的多糖提取率可达93%以上,皂苷提取率可达90%以上。
第二提取的工艺参数可为:超声波频率20KHz,超声功率0.8KW,间隔时间10秒,总工作时间45min,料液比1:7(ml:g),提取溶剂为质量浓度45%的乙醇。通过该步骤,黄精中的黄酮提取率可达92%以上。
通过常规方法,例如过滤或真空抽滤,将上述两次提取步骤的产物进行固液分离,合并提取液和滤液形成液体组分,滤渣形成固体组分。
上述液体组分经过浓缩制成液体制剂(例如口服液)或者经过浓缩、干燥和粉碎制成粉剂。浓缩过程中对乙醇进行回收并可循环利用于下一次提取步骤。
上述固体组分经过粉碎、干燥制成食品,例如可制成饼干、面包和代餐粉。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,提供一种黄精制品,通过上述方法制备。
根据本发明的上述方法从黄精中分离得到的主要化学成分,例如黄精多糖、甾体皂苷、蒽醌及黄酮类等化合物,具有抗病毒抗炎、抗衰老、学习记忆改善、调节免疫能力、调血脂、调血糖等作用。
以上制得的黄精制品具有优异的抗氧化能力和抑菌作用,并且整个加工过程没有固体废弃物产生,以达到资源循环利用和环保无污染的目的。
通过以下实施例将更清楚地阐述本申请的各个技术方案。
实施例
实施例1
一、前处理
1、黄精的超高压炮制
200份水加50份黄豆,煮开,过滤取豆汁。取200份豆汁与20份黄酒混合,加入100份鲜黄精,60℃温浸2小时,将浸泡液移入高压罐内,罐内通入高压蒸汽,并通过高压罐的夹层加热,排气10分钟后,使罐内压力保持0.7MPa、150℃,3小时后开始减压,15分钟减至常压。测定经此炮制后的黄精中的主要标志成分总多糖、总皂苷、5-羟甲基糠醛和黄曲霉毒素的含量,结果示于表1中。
对比例1
200份水加入到100份鲜黄精,60℃温浸2小时,将浸泡液移入高压罐内,罐内通入高压蒸汽,并通过高压罐的夹层加热,排气10分钟后,使罐内压力保持0.1MPa、94℃,2小时后出料,将过滤后的黄精晒干。再重复进行蒸煮、晒干过程8次。测定经此九蒸九晒过程炮制后的黄精中的主要标志成分总多糖、总皂苷、5-羟甲基糠醛和黄曲霉毒素的含量,结果示于表1中。
总多糖的测试方法:SN/T 4260-2015出口植物源食品中粗多糖的测定苯酚-硫酸法;
总皂苷的测试方法:T/AHFIA004-2018食品中总皂苷含量的测定分光光度法;
5-羟甲基糠醛的测试方法:高效液相色谱法,
色谱柱:Ultimate XB-C 18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),柱温为35℃,进样量10μL,波长285nm,流速0.8mL/min,
脱洗梯度条件:0~2min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(15∶85,体积比);2min~24min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(50∶50,体积比);24min~27min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(100∶0,体积比);27min~29min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(100∶0,体积比);29min~33min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(15∶85,体积比)。
黄曲霉毒素的测试方法:SN/T 3263-2012出口食品中黄曲霉毒素残留量的测定。
表1不同炮制工艺后的黄精成分对照表
由以上表1的数据可看出,实施例1的超高压蒸制后的黄精中主要成分与对比例1的传统九蒸九晒炮制法基本相近。
2、半发酵处理
将经过上述超高压蒸制的黄精粉碎,并加入黄精质量的2.5%的纤维素酶,调节体系的pH为4.5,在45℃下进行酶反应2小时。测量半发酵处理前后黄精中的总多糖含量,结果示于表2中。
表2半发酵处理前后黄精中的总多糖含量
项目 | 总多糖含量 |
超高压蒸制黄精 | >4.5% |
超高压蒸制并半发酵过的黄精 | >7% |
由以上表2的数据可看出,半发酵处理使得体系中的纤维素部分水解,形成了新的多糖类物质,从而使得黄精中的总多糖含量升高。
二、超声波破壁处理
在超声波频率20KHz、超声功率1.2KW、间隔时间10秒的条件下,对经过上述黄精半发酵体系进行超声波破壁处理30分钟。测定超声波破壁处理前后的黄精中的水溶性物质含量,结果示于表3中。
表3超声波破壁处理前后黄精中的水溶性物质含量
项目 | 水溶性物质含量 |
超声波破壁处理前 | 65%~78% |
超声波破壁处理后 | 75%~85% |
由以上表3中的数据可看出,超声波破壁处理能够利用超声波震荡的能量打破黄精的细胞壁和细胞膜,并打断体系中的长链纤维素和半纤维,从而增加体系中多糖、细胞后含物等水溶性物质的含量。
三、提取步骤
对超声波破壁处理后的黄精进行以下提取步骤:
第一提取步骤:微波、超声波辅助提取
采用水为第一提取溶剂加入到超声波破壁处理后的黄精中,料液比为1:10(ml:g),pH=7;微波功率800W,时间5分钟,温度90℃;超声波频率20KHz,超声功率0.8KW,间隔时间10秒,总工作时间30分钟。
第一提取步骤结束时对提取体系进行过滤,并测试多糖提取率和皂苷提取率,其中:
多糖提取率=(提取前黄精内多糖含量-提取后黄精内多糖含量)/提取前黄精内多糖含量*100%
皂苷提取率=(提取前黄精内皂苷含量-提取后黄精内皂苷含量)/提取前黄精内皂苷含量*100%。
测得多糖提取率为93%,皂苷提取率为90%,结果汇总于表4中。
在上述提取步骤中,微波的作用主要包括两个方面:一方面,通过高频电磁波正负极翻转,使得黄精内的极性物质分子摩擦产热,从而提升整个体系的反应温度,温度升高,可以提高多糖类物质的溶解性;另一方面,微波的震荡能量可以提高多糖类物质在水中的扩散速度,缩短反应时间。
在上述提取步骤中,超声波不会使反应体系升温,所以在微波使反应体系升温后,再使用超声波,可以破坏黄精的细胞壁或细胞膜附近的水化层,进而提高多糖类物质的扩散速度和溶解性。
超声波和微波在第一提取步骤中协同作用,微波对体系进行升温、增加多糖类物质的溶解度,超声波主要是通过震荡能量提高多糖类物质的溶解速度。两者共同作用的结果是缩短了反应时间,提高了多糖类物质的溶解度,使得黄精中有效成分的溶出率提高。
第二提取步骤:超声波辅助提取
对第一提取步骤后的黄精进行第二超声波辅助提取步骤:
采用质量浓度为45%的乙醇为第二提取溶剂加入到第一提取步骤处理后的黄精中,料液比为1:7(ml:g);超声波频率20KHz,超声功率0.8KW,间隔时间10秒,总工作时间45分钟。第二提取步骤结束时对提取体系进行过滤,测试黄酮提取率,其中:
黄酮提取率=(提取前黄精内黄酮含量-提取后黄精内黄酮含量)/提取前黄精内黄酮含量*100%。
测得黄酮提取率为92%,结果汇总于表4中。
对比例2
采用回流热提取法对鲜黄精进行提取:以质量浓度为75%的乙醇作为提取剂,80℃加热回流提取,提取时间3小时。测试多糖提取率、皂苷提取率和黄酮提取率分别为81%、79%和30%。结果汇总于表4中。
对比例3
以与对比例2相同的回流热提取法进行提取,不同在于用经过实施例1前处理过的黄精作为提取原料。测试多糖提取率、皂苷提取率和黄酮提取率分别为85%、80%和29%。结果汇总于表4中。
对比例4
微波辅助提取法:以鲜黄精为原料,提取溶剂是质量浓度为45%的乙醇,料液比1:10(ml:g),体系pH=7,微波功率800W,温度90℃,时间5分钟。测试多糖提取率、皂苷提取率和黄酮提取率分别为84%、75%和49%。结果汇总于表4中。
对比例5
以与对比例4相同的微波辅助提取法进行提取,不同在于用经过实施例1前处理过的黄精作为提取原料。测试多糖提取率、皂苷提取率和黄酮提取率分别为86%、80%和52%。结果汇总于表4中。
对比例6
超声波辅助提取法:以鲜黄精为原料,提取溶剂是质量浓度为45%的乙醇,料液比1:7(ml:g),超声波频率20KHz,超声功率0.8KW,间隔时间10秒,总工作时间60分钟。测试多糖提取率、皂苷提取率和黄酮提取率分别为80%、70%和45%。结果汇总于表4中。
对比例7
以与对比例6相同的超声波辅助提取法进行提取,不同在于用经过实施例1前处理过的黄精作为提取原料。测试多糖提取率、皂苷提取率和黄酮提取率分别为82%、81%和50%。结果汇总于表4中。
表4不同工艺炮制的黄精中活性成分的提取效率
四、口服液的制备
经过上述处理后的提取液中,黄精有效成分的浓度较低,由此进一步在真空度为-0.08MPa、温度40~70℃条件下,快速蒸发水分,使得最终浓缩液的密度为1.20~1.30,即可作为粘稠的口服液原液。
将以上实施例1以及对比例2至7的提取液分别浓缩制成口服液,分别对应为口服液1,对比口服液2至7。
五、黄精饼干、面包、代餐粉的制备
黄精提取完毕,对提取体系进行固液分离,得到的固体经低温真空干燥后,再进行超微粉碎,制成800目的黄精超微粉。
黄精超微粉中以纤维素为主要成分,可以用来作为饼干、面包、代餐粉的添加原料。由此,在黄精的整个加工过程没有固体废弃物产生,从而达到资源充分利用、环保无污染的目的。
黄精提取物具有很多药理作用,如:降血糖,明显提高组织胰岛素及C-肽表达量,增强胰岛素敏感性;抗氧化,黄精多酚粗提物具有较好的总还原能力以及清除DPPH、ABTS自由基的能力,表现出很好的抗氧化作用;调节免疫力,黄精多糖能显著缓解由强迫运动造成的脾脏免疫功能低下,并使其恢复至正常水平,还能增强肾病综合征患儿的红细胞免疫功能;改善记忆力,黄精水提物的作用机制可能与调节α7n AChR表达有关,具有防治老年痴呆的作用;黄精中的黄精多酚、黄精多糖均具有抗菌活性。以黄精为主要原料可制备黄精酒、黄精茶、黄精速溶冲剂、黄精压片糖果、黄精口服液等。
黄精制品的性能测试
一、小鼠耐力实验
方法:取昆明(KM)种小鼠40只,随机分为8组,每组5只,前7组分别按照15mg/g剂量取口服液1(对应于实施例1的提取方法的提取物)、对比口服液2(对应于对比例2,回流热提取法,鲜黄精)、对比口服液3(对应于对比例3,回流热提取法,前处理黄精)、对比口服液4(对应于对比例4,微波辅助提取法,鲜黄精)、对比口服液5(对应于对比例5,微波辅助提取法,前处理黄精)、对比口服液6(对应于对比例6,超声波辅助提取法,鲜黄精)、对比口服液7(对应于对比例7,超声波辅助提取法,前处理黄精)灌胃,第八组予等容量蒸馏水,连续灌胃15d,末次灌胃结束30分钟后进行负重游泳力竭实验,记录小鼠游泳力竭时间。
二、DPPH清除率测定:
DPPH又称1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼,是一种很稳定的氮中心的自由基,它的无水乙醇溶液呈紫色,在517nm波长处有最大吸收,吸光度与浓度呈线性关系。向其中加入自由基清除剂时,可以结合或替代DPPH·,使自由基数量减少,从而吸光度变小,溶液颜色变浅,借此可评价所加试剂清除自由基的能力。即通过在517nm波长处检测样品清除DPPH·的效果,来计算抗氧化能力。
材料:DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼);无水乙醇;仪器:分光光度计
1.DPPH贮备液的制备
准确称取DPPH 3.5mg,用无水乙醇溶解,并定量转入10mL容量瓶中,用无水乙醇定容至刻度,取2mL至100ml容量瓶中,摇匀得浓度为0.0178mmol/L DPPH贮备液,置于冰箱中冷藏备用。
2.试液的制备
准确称取5.2ml根据实施例1的黄精提取液,用无水乙醇溶解,并定量转入50ml容量瓶中,用无水乙醇定量至刻度,取10ml至100ml容量瓶中,摇匀得浓度为0.0233mmol/L试液。
3.DPPH·清除率的测定
在10mL比色管中依次加入4.0mL DPPH贮备液和4.0mL根据实施例1的黄精提取液的试液,再加入无水乙醇至刻度,混匀立即用1cm比色皿在517nm波长处测吸光值(A),吸光值记为Ai,再在温室避光保存30min后测吸光值,记为Aj,对照试验为只加DPPH的乙醇溶液,其吸光值记为Ac。按下式计算自由基清除率(K):K(%)=[1-(Ai-Aj)/Ac]*100%。
三、对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果
1、培养基的制作
采用的细菌培养基为牛肉膏-蛋白胨琼脂培养基。
将蛋白胨、牛肉膏、琼脂、NaCl混合于水中,加热煮沸至琼脂完全溶解,用10%氢氧化钠溶液或10%盐酸溶液调节pH至7.2~7.6,分装,在0.1MPa下高压灭菌20min,备用。
2、菌种的活化与菌悬液的制备
取试管若干,装入融化的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基,灭菌后摆成斜面。在无菌条件下用划线法将供试菌种接入到斜面培养基上,然后在适宜的温度条件下于培养箱中培养活化(温度37℃,时间24h),备用。
3、将活化后的供试斜面培养基,用适量无菌生理盐水将其稀释,洗入到已灭菌的三角瓶中,用无菌水将菌悬液含菌量稀释至1.0×106~1.0×108CFU/ml。
4、提取液滤纸片的制备
取7种不同方法提取的黄精提取浓缩液各1ml,稀释10倍。用打孔器将滤纸做成直径10mm的圆形纸片,每种提取稀释液中放置3片,进行灭菌处理,备用。
5、滤纸片法抑菌效果测定
按无菌操作的要求往无菌培养皿中倒入适量培养基,每个培养皿中约5ml,即培养基的厚度均约为1.5mm。培养基凝固后,用无菌移液管吸取0.1~0.2ml菌悬液于培养基表面,用无菌涂布棒涂布均匀,然后用无菌镊子在无菌条件下取出各溶液浸泡过的滤纸片,根据培养皿的标号将滤纸片放入培养基表面相应位置,每个培养皿等距离放三个滤纸片。放入培养箱恒温倒置培养(培养温度37℃,培养时间24h)。取出后,测出滤纸片抑菌圈直径大小,取平均值,比较抑菌效果。
以上测试结果汇总于以下表5中。
表5口服液性能测试
通过上表,可以看出根据本发明的方法的黄精提取物在小鼠耐力实验、DPPH清除率以及对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果上均优于其它提取方法。在其他提取方法的对照中,采用根据本发明的加工方法进行前处理的黄精为提取原料获得的提取物效果优于鲜黄精提取物。
结合这里披露的本发明的说明和实践,本发明的其他实施例对于本领域技术人员都是易于想到和理解的。说明和实施例仅被认为是示例性的,本发明的真正范围和主旨均由权利要求所限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种黄精加工方法,其特征在于,依次包括前处理步骤、破壁步骤和提取步骤;
其中,所述前处理步骤包括在0.7~1.0MPa压力下的超高压蒸制步骤和半发酵步骤;
其中,所述破壁步骤为超声破壁步骤;
其中,所述提取步骤包括第一提取步骤和第二提取步骤;所述第一提取步骤为微波、超声波辅助提取,采用的第一提取剂为水;所述第二提取步骤为超声波辅助提取,采用的第二提取剂为醇;
其中,所述半发酵步骤包括加入黄精质量的1~4%的纤维素酶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的黄精加工方法,进一步包括对提取步骤的产物进行的固液分离步骤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的黄精加工方法,所述固液分离步骤产生的液体组分经过浓缩制成液体制剂或者经过浓缩、干燥制成粉剂;所述固液分离步骤产生的固体组分经过粉碎、干燥和粉碎制成食品。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的黄精加工方法,所述超高压蒸制步骤包括在150~200℃的温度下,在0.7~1.0MPa的高压蒸汽中蒸制3至4小时。
5.一种黄精制品,通过根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法制备。
6.根据权利要求5所述的黄精制品,所述黄精制品为粉剂或液体制剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的黄精制品,所述黄精制品为食品。
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