CN111183816A - Ancient tree updating and rejuvenating method - Google Patents
Ancient tree updating and rejuvenating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111183816A CN111183816A CN202010143852.1A CN202010143852A CN111183816A CN 111183816 A CN111183816 A CN 111183816A CN 202010143852 A CN202010143852 A CN 202010143852A CN 111183816 A CN111183816 A CN 111183816A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
Abstract
An ancient tree rejuvenation method, particularly suitable for old jujube trees, comprises the following steps: 1) ditching: excavating an annular ditch on the outer side of the base of the ancient tree, wherein the excavating mode adopts manual excavation to cut off a plurality of root systems of the ancient tree; 2) applying a base fertilizer: stirring and mixing the base fertilizer and the soil into uniform fertile soil, and filling the fertile soil at the bottom of the annular ditch in the step 1; 3) filling sand and arranging pipes: firstly, paving sand with a certain thickness on a filled fertilizer layer, then erecting a hollow pipe at certain intervals, burying the pipe with the sand filling, enabling the pipe opening to be upward, enabling the upper opening of the pipe to be higher than the ground, and then, watering the pipe thoroughly; 4) trimming: and (4) cutting the middle-inferior branches and the aged branches in the crown, and thinning and shearing off the withered and old branches in the inner hall. According to the ancient tree rejuvenation method, the ancient trees do not need to be lifted and transplanted, and can be saved only by ditching and fertilizing, sand filling and pipe setting and pruning the ancient trees on the basis of the original ancient tree growing environment, so that the ancient trees can be restored, and the ancient trees can be rejuvenated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of old tree updating, rejuvenation and maintenance, in particular to an old tree updating and rejuvenating method which is particularly suitable for old jujube trees.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous reduction of ancient tree resources in China, a great number of rare ancient tree improved varieties are endangered to be extinct. Due to the thickening of soil layers and environmental changes caused by various factors, the ancient trees are weak in withered branches and yellow leaves and tree vigor, if the ancient trees are transplanted, large manpower and material resources are wasted, and the survival rate of the ancient trees is influenced.
Taking old jujube as an example, the jujube tree is one of the main fruit tree species in economic forests in China, has more than 4000 years of cultivation history so far, is suitable for dry fruits and fresh food, and is mainly distributed in northern areas and yellow river basins in China. In recent years, a plurality of internal people are worried about the old jujube trees in the future, because the existence of the old jujube trees is seriously threatened in the development of large-scale real estate, and a museum of jujube trees in a large mountain is opened by using aspirations to protect and collect more than 40 jujube varieties which are endangered and extinct in China and have special characteristics abroad.
The jujube trees are resistant to salt, alkali and barren, drought and waterlogging, and have strong adaptability. Therefore, the jujube trees not only have important economic value, but also are excellent tree species for greening barren mountains and improving ecological environment. However, along with the siltation of natural wind and sand in recent years, the jujube trees are mostly cultivated in a courtyard mode, the foundation needs to be lifted when a house is built, the management of the jujube trees cannot be kept up with other reasons, the growth vigor of the ancient trees is weakened, if the traditional soil digging ball lifting transplanting method is adopted, the transplanting position is lifted, large manpower and material resources are wasted, the survival rate of the ancient trees is probably influenced, and the ancient trees even die. Therefore, how to adopt advanced and practical cultivation innovation technology to update and rejuvenate the ancient trees becomes the urgent need of vast grass-roots fruit tree science and technology workers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the problem that the survival rate of the ancient trees is influenced by the traditional ancient tree transplanting method, and the like, and provides the ancient tree rejuvenation method, the ancient trees can be saved and the ancient trees can be rejuvenated only by adopting technical measures of ditching and fertilizing, sand filling and pipe arrangement, ancient tree pruning, topdressing outside roots and the like on the basis of the original ancient tree growing environment without lifting and transplanting the ancient trees, and the method is particularly suitable for the ancient tree rejuvenation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an ancient tree updating and rejuvenating method comprises the following steps:
1) ditching: excavating an annular ditch on the outer side of the base of the ancient tree, wherein the excavating mode adopts manual excavation to cut off a plurality of root systems of the ancient tree;
2) applying a base fertilizer: stirring and mixing the base fertilizer and the soil into uniform fertile soil, and filling the fertile soil at the bottom of the annular ditch in the step 1;
3) filling sand and arranging pipes: firstly, paving sand with a certain thickness on a filled fertilizer layer, then erecting a hollow pipe at certain intervals, burying the pipe with the sand filling, enabling the pipe opening to be upward, enabling the upper opening of the pipe to be higher than the ground, and then, watering the pipe thoroughly;
4) trimming: and (4) cutting the middle-inferior branches and the aged branches in the crown, and thinning and shearing off the withered and old branches in the inner hall.
Further, the ancient trees include old jujube trees.
Preferably, the ancient tree updating and rejuvenating method comprises the following steps:
1) ditching: excavating an annular groove at a distance of 100-150 cm from the base of the ancient tree, wherein the width of the groove is 80-120 cm, the depth of the groove is 80-120 cm, the excavating mode adopts manual excavation to cut off a plurality of root systems of the ancient tree, a root cutting tool takes a sharp pickaxe or a steel plate shovel and the like as the best tool, the cross section of the root system of the ancient tree is required to be smooth and regular, so that the ancient tree can generate new roots in the coming year, and the capacity of the root systems for absorbing water and nutrients is improved;
2) applying a base fertilizer: stirring and mixing the base fertilizer and soil to form uniform fertile soil, and filling the fertile soil at the bottom of the annular ditch in the step 1, wherein the filling thickness of the fertile soil layer is 30-40 cm;
3) filling sand and arranging pipes: paving 7-12 cm thick sand on a filled fertilizer layer, erecting a hollow pipe with the diameter of 5cm thick every 35-50 cm, burying the pipe with the sand filling, enabling the pipe to be upward, enabling the upper opening of the pipe to be 7-12 cm higher than the ground, and then watering the pipe thoroughly, wherein the buried hollow pipe is beneficial to respiration of the root system of the ancient tree and later-stage filling of liquid organic fertilizer;
4) trimming: and (3) cutting the middle-inferior branches and the aged branches in the crown, thinning and shearing off the withered and old branches in the inner hall, keeping about 80-120 cm of each branch according to the length of each branch, and retracting to more than 1/3 of the original branch.
According to the ancient tree rejuvenation method, the base fertilizer in the step 2 comprises an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises fully decomposed cow dung, bean cakes, a biological organic fertilizer and the like, the mixture ratio of the organic fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is 6-8 parts of cow dung, 4-6 parts of bean cakes and 3-5 parts of the biological organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer comprises N, P, K elements, the ratio of the N, P, K elements is 15:15:15 (%), and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is 5% and 1% respectively.
In the ancient tree rejuvenation method as described above, the soil mixed with the base fertilizer in step 2 includes sandy loam and rotten leaf soil, preferably sandy loam and loosened rotten leaf soil with which the straw is returned to the field for many years. In the backfilled fertile soil, sandy loam and loose organic fertilizer are beneficial to healing of callus of the cross section of the broken root and generation of new roots, and are beneficial to absorption of the new roots to fertilizers.
In the ancient tree rejuvenation method as described above, the hollow tube in step 3 comprises a PVC plastic tube.
Furthermore, the hollow pipes in the step 3 are vertically arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin or a Z shape so as to take care of the requirements of respiration and fertilization of the root system of the ancient tree in each direction.
In the ancient tree updating and rejuvenating method, in the ancient tree growing season, the following steps are also required to be performed:
1) culturing new branches and tree forms: the old tree is not urgent to bear fruit in the first year after being updated, redundant flowers and fruits are removed above 1/3, or flowers and fruits are thinned, and a small part of fruits are reserved; in addition, excessive sprouts are timely removed, and timely pinching is given to the over-vigorous branches;
2) applying organic fertilizer: liquid organic fertilizer, such as fermented biogas slurry, humic acid organic liquid fertilizer and the like, is injected into the buried hollow pipe, and is diluted by adding water (generally controlled to be about 100 times of liquid), so that the liquid organic fertilizer and the water are integrated in concentration, is directly injected into the root of the ancient tree through the hollow pipe, and is fully absorbed by a plurality of new roots generated by root breaking, thereby meeting the requirement of supplying nutrients for the growth of the ancient tree and achieving the ideal effect of rejuvenation the ancient tree. Preferably, the pouring time interval of the additional application of the organic fertilizer is not more than 20d, and the pouring frequency in one year is preferably 4-6 times.
According to the method for updating and rejuvenating the ancient trees, the process of updating and rejuvenating the ancient trees further comprises topdressing outside roots, and after the ancient trees gradually recover to grow, foliar fertilizer needs to be sprayed to the leaf surfaces every 15-20 days for more than 3 times continuously. For example, the 1 st time after germination, the new leaf development period is about 15d, the 2 nd time in the middle of 6 months, the 3 rd time in the upper 7 months, the 4 th time in the lower 7 months, and the 5 th time in the middle of 8 months. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed with a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500-700 times of 98% purity and a 0.3-0.5% urea aqueous solution alternately.
According to the ancient tree rejuvenation method, insect disease prevention and control are also included in the ancient tree rejuvenation process, the insect disease prevention and control is mainly chemical prevention and control, and corresponding insecticides are respectively sprayed in the sprouting period, the post-sprouting development period and before the plum rain season of the ancient tree so as to prevent common plant bug, jujube gall midge, red spider, jujube rust and other insect diseases.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the ancient tree rejuvenation method, the ancient trees do not need to be lifted and transplanted, and the ancient trees can be saved only by adopting new technologies such as ditching fertilization, sand filling and pipe setting, ancient tree trimming, extra-root topdressing and the like on the basis of the original ancient tree growth environment, so that the ancient trees are renewed and rejuvenated, the implementation is convenient, the ancient tree survival rate is high, and the ancient trees are recovered and grow quickly.
2. According to the ancient tree rejuvenation method, the annular grooves around the ancient trees are filled with sand to form the pipes, so that a foundation is laid for the ancient tree root system to breathe better in the future, liquid organic fertilizer is convenient to irrigate in the future, the liquid organic fertilizer can be directly injected into the roots of the ancient trees, the liquid organic fertilizer is fully absorbed by the multi-whisker new roots generated by root breaking, nutrients required by the ancient trees are supplied, and the ideal effect of ancient tree rejuvenation is achieved.
3. The ancient tree rejuvenation method promotes the ancient tree to grow and recover by organically combining underground and overground ancient trees, has high practical value, and can be popularized and applied to rare and old tree fine variety resources in China.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments and further examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
summary of the test: the Xinyang county east China powder village in the northern region of juneberry county in coastal cities in Shandong is the West south bank of the Bohai sea in the North Shanxi plain, the yellow river alluvial silt is used as a main soil matrix, the soil type is coastal moisture soil, the pH value is about 7.3-8.2, the highest soil salt content is less than 0.3%, and the soil organic matter is not higher than 1.0%. The village has an old jujube tree of nearly 160 years old, namely a long-jujube variant variety, the taste is relatively crisp and sweet, the diameter is about 30cm, the soil thickness is increased to 70cm by raising the foundation soil in a house, the root system of the old jujube tree is breathed badly, the growth vigor is suddenly reduced, the plant growth vigor is obviously weakened, the branches are withered and the leaves are yellow, and the germination is poor.
The implementation time is as follows: after the leaves of the trees fall in 12 months in 2018.
Updating a rejuvenation scheme:
1) ditching: an annular groove is dug at a position 100cm away from the base of the old jujube tree, the length of the annular groove is 350cm, the width of the annular groove is 100cm, the depth of the annular groove is 90cm, manual digging is adopted in a digging mode, the purpose of cutting off multiple roots of the old jujube tree is achieved, a sharp pickaxe shovel or a steel plate shovel and the like are taken as an optimal root cutting tool, the cross section of the root system of the old jujube tree is required to be smooth and neat, so that the old jujube tree can generate new roots in the coming year, and the capacity of absorbing water and nutrients of the root system is improved.
2) Applying a base fertilizer: the base fertilizer and the soil are stirred and mixed to form uniform fertile soil, the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is respectively 5% and 1%. The organic fertilizer comprises 28kg of decomposed cow dung, 20kg of fermented bean cakes and 12kg of organic fertilizer special for vegetables, the compound fertilizer adopts 12kg of 15-15 NPK compound fertilizer, the soil adopts sandy loam (high-quality grain field surface soil), crop straws, loose leaf mold and the like for returning straws to the field for many years, the base fertilizer and the soil are mixed and then uniformly stirred, the uniformly stirred fertilizer soil is backfilled at the bottom of the annular ditch, the thickness is about 30-40 cm, the sandy loam and the loose organic fertilizer are beneficial to healing of callus of a cross section of broken roots and generation of new roots, and the new roots are further better absorbed by the fertilizer;
3) filling sand and arranging pipes: firstly, paving 10 cm-thick sand on a filled fertilizer layer, and then erecting PVC plastic line pipes with the diameter of 5cm at intervals of 50cm, wherein the positions of the erected PVC plastic line pipes are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin or a Z shape so as to take care of the breathing and fertilizing requirements of the root system of the old jujube tree in all directions. Then, the pipe is buried along with sand filling, the pipe opening faces upwards, the upper opening of the pipe is about 7cm higher than the ground, the pipe is basically filled with the ground all the time, if the courtyard is paved, the height of the sand filling is slightly lower than the ground, and then the water is poured thoroughly.
4) Trimming: pruning the withered branches of the ancient trees is an important part for rejuvenation, the moderate branches and the aged branches in the tree crowns are cut to a certain degree, each branch is reserved for more than 80-120 cm in length and retracted to more than 1/3 of the original branch in length, and the aims of promoting the growth of the new branches and growing new leaves on the new branches, enhancing the photosynthesis capacity, manufacturing more photosynthetic products, increasing the nutrition of the tree bodies and recovering the growth vigor of the ancient trees are fulfilled. Meanwhile, the withered old branches in the inner hall are cut off, so that the consumption of nutrients and water is reduced, and a certain effect on improving the rejuvenation capability of the ancient trees is achieved.
In the growing season of the ancient trees, new branches and tree forms are mainly cultured, fruit bearing is not needed urgently in the 1 st year after treatment, half of redundant flowers and fruits are removed, or flowers and fruits are thinned, and a small part of fruits are reserved. In addition, excessive sprouts are timely removed, and timely pinching is given to the cultured over-vigorous jujube head branches, so that excessive water and nutrients are saved, and the health and the fullness of the jujube head branches are promoted.
5) Applying organic fertilizer: in the growing season of ancient trees, liquid organic fertilizers such as fermented biogas slurry and humic acid organic liquid fertilizer are injected into the buried PVC plastic line pipe, and after the liquid organic fertilizers are diluted by water (generally controlled to be about 100 times of liquid), the liquid organic fertilizers and the humic acid organic liquid fertilizers are directly injected into the roots of the old jujube trees through the PVC plastic line pipe, and the liquid organic fertilizers and the humic acid organic liquid fertilizers are fully absorbed by the multi-whisker new roots generated by root breaking, so that nutrients required by the growth of the old jujube trees are met, and the ideal effect of rejuvenation of the old jujube trees is achieved. Preferably, the filling interval of the additional application of the organic fertilizer is generally once every 20d, and the number of filling times in one year is preferably 4-6.
6) Topdressing outside roots: and after the old jujube trees gradually recover to grow, spraying foliar fertilizer to the leaf surfaces every 15-20 days. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed with 500-700 times of 98% purity monopotassium phosphate and 0.3-0.5% urea aqueous solution alternately, generally once every 15-20 days, and continuously for 3-5 times. After sprouting for the first time, the new leaves are unfolded for about 15d, for the second time, in the middle of 6 months, for the first 3 times, in the last 7 months, for the second 4 times, in the last 7 months, and for the second 5 times, in the middle of 8 months.
7) And (3) pest control: the disease and insect pest control of the ancient trees is mainly chemical control, and the disease and insect pest which harm the jujube trees mainly comprises mirid bug, jujube gall midge, red spider, jujube rust and the like, so that 1 time 5 percent of butene-fipronil 1500-fold liquid is sprayed to prevent the mirid bug in the sprouting period of the ancient trees, and the second time is sprayed after 7-10 days; spraying 1500 times of liquid of 25% chlorbenzuron III 1 time after germination in the leaf-spreading period to prevent and treat jujube gall midge, and spraying 3000 times of liquid of 5% avermectin 2 times every 1 week to prevent and treat red spider in the early ten days of month 5 and 6; before the plum rain season comes in the late 6 th month and the middle 7 th month, 1-15 d of 70% thiophanate methyl 600-800 times liquid or 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-1000 times liquid is sprayed, the thiophanate methyl liquid and the chlorothalonil wettable powder can be alternately used and continuously sprayed for 3-4 times, and jujube rust can be effectively prevented and treated.
The effect after implementation is as follows: the old jujube tree is improved in foundation by building a house in a courtyard, soil is thickened, so that the root system of the old jujube tree is breathed difficultly, the growth force is reduced, and the growth vigor is weak, the innovative technology of the old tree improved variety rejuvenation engineering is implemented, underground and ground are organically combined to be treated, and a planning scheme is orderly developed and implemented, so that the old jujube tree grows and recovers in the next year, branches and leaves are luxuriant, the growth vigor is good, the branches of new tips are 178, the number of new leaves and the number of new jujube hangers are increased by 2 times compared with the original number, the yield of jujube fruits is 60kg higher than that of the old jujube tree in the last year, and the number of new roots is increased by. The successful practical experience of the novel old tree rejuvenation innovation technology provides scientific reference basis and practical value for the protection research, popularization and application of rare old tree fine variety resources in China in future.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or additions or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ancient tree updating and rejuvenating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) ditching: excavating an annular ditch on the outer side of the base of the ancient tree, wherein the excavating mode adopts manual excavation to cut off a plurality of root systems of the ancient tree;
2) applying a base fertilizer: stirring and mixing the base fertilizer and the soil into uniform fertile soil, and filling the fertile soil at the bottom of the annular ditch in the step 1;
3) filling sand and arranging pipes: firstly, paving sand with a certain thickness on a filled fertilizer layer, then erecting a hollow pipe at certain intervals, burying the pipe with the sand filling, enabling the pipe opening to be upward, enabling the upper opening of the pipe to be higher than the ground, and then, watering the pipe thoroughly;
4) trimming: and (4) cutting the middle-inferior branches and the aged branches in the crown, and thinning and shearing off the withered and old branches in the inner hall.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ancient tree is an old jujube tree.
3. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) ditching: excavating an annular ditch 100-150 cm away from the base of the ancient tree, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 80-120 cm, the depth of the annular ditch is 80-120 cm, the excavating mode adopts manual excavation, the aim of cutting off multiple root systems of the ancient tree is fulfilled, and the cross section of the root system of the ancient tree is required to be smooth and neat;
2) applying a base fertilizer: stirring and mixing the base fertilizer and soil to form uniform fertile soil, and filling the fertile soil at the bottom of the annular ditch in the step 1, wherein the filling thickness of the fertile soil layer is 30-40 cm;
3) filling sand and arranging pipes: paving sand with the thickness of 7-12 cm on a filled fertilizer layer, erecting a hollow pipe with the diameter of 5cm at intervals of 35-60 cm, burying the pipe with the sand filling, enabling the pipe orifice to face upwards, enabling the upper opening of the pipe to be higher than the ground, and then, watering thoroughly;
4) trimming: and (3) cutting the middle-inferior branches and the aged branches in the crown, thinning and shearing off the withered and old branches in the inner hall, keeping about 80-120 cm of each branch according to the length of each branch, and retracting to more than 1/3 of the original branch.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the base fertilizer in step 2 comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are respectively 5% and 1%.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the soil mixed with the base fertilizer in step 2 comprises sandy loam and humus.
6. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow tubes in step 3 are arranged in a "pin" or "Z" configuration in their upright position.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ancient tree is grown in a season in which the method comprises the following steps:
1) culturing new branches and tree forms: the old tree is not urgent to bear fruit in the first year after being updated, redundant flowers and fruits are removed above 1/3, or flowers and fruits are thinned, and a small part of fruits are reserved; in addition, excessive sprouts are timely removed, and timely pinching is given to the over-vigorous branches;
2) applying organic fertilizer: and injecting liquid organic fertilizer into the embedded hollow pipe, so that the fertilizer water is directly injected into the root of the ancient tree through the hollow pipe.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the time interval between the steps of applying organic fertilizer in step 2 is not more than 20 days, and the number of times of applying organic fertilizer per year is 4-6.
9. The method for updating and rejuvenating the ancient trees according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method further comprises topdressing outside roots in the updating and rejuvenating process of the ancient trees, and after the ancient trees gradually recover to grow, foliar fertilizer needs to be sprayed to the leaf surfaces every 15-20 days, and the foliar fertilizer is continuously sprayed for more than 3 times.
10. The method for rejuvenating an ancient tree according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein pest control is further included in the ancient tree rejuvenating process, wherein pest control is mainly chemical control, and corresponding pesticides and bactericides are respectively sprayed at the sprouting stage, the post-sprouting leaf-expanding stage and before the plum rain season of the ancient tree.
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