CN111165289A

CN111165289A - Cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice

Info

Publication number: CN111165289A
Application number: CN201911289267.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 边嘉宾; 陈帅君
Original assignee: Tianjin Taige Tupao Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; Tianjin Agricultural University
Current assignee: Tianjin Taige Tupao Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; Tianjin Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-12-13
Filing date: 2019-12-13
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-13
Also published as: CN111165289B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice, which comprises the steps of seed sunning, seed selection, disinfection, seed soaking, sowing, seedbed cultivation, field treatment, treatment before seedling transplanting, seedling transplanting and field management, wherein in the seedbed cultivation process, when seeds grow into two leaves and one core, enzyme is sprayed; the treatment before transplanting is to use ferment to strengthen the seedlings; and respectively spraying enzyme in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice during field management. The method can strengthen the functions of the rice at different periods by applying corresponding ferment, thereby reducing the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the whole cultivation process and effectively improving the yield of the rice and the quality of the rice.

Description

Cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice.

Background

Rice is the main grain crop in China and is planted in large area in the south and north of China. Generally, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides need to be applied in the conventional rice planting and applying process, and soil hardening and soil microbial system unbalance are caused by the application of the chemical fertilizers. And the residue of the pesticide can harm the health of human bodies in subsequent use, and in addition, the pesticide is frequently used, so that the pest and disease damage generates drug resistance, the drug use times and the drug use amount are increased, and a vicious circle of pesticide abuse is formed. At present, due to the improvement of the requirement of people on green and harmless food and the protection of the environment and the land, the use amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is limited to a certain extent, and a planting and cultivating method capable of reducing the use amount of the pesticides and the chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and the quality of rice is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice, which can reduce the usage amount of pesticides and fertilizers and improve the yield and quality of the rice.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice comprises the steps of seed drying, seed selection, disinfection, seed soaking, sowing, seedbed cultivation, field treatment, treatment before rice transplanting, rice transplanting and field management,

in the seedbed cultivation process, when the seeds grow into two leaves and one core, enzyme is sprayed;

the treatment before transplanting is to use ferment to strengthen the seedlings;

and during field management, respectively spraying enzyme at a tillering stage, a booting stage and a grouting stage of the rice.

In the invention, further, when two leaves and one heart are used, photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 400-600 times and pollen enzyme diluted by 900-1100 times are sprayed.

In the invention, further, 30-50 ml/mu of photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 450-600 times, 15-20 ml/mu of pollen enzyme diluted by 950-1050 times and 2.5-3 ml/mu of rooting-opening enzyme diluted by 4500-5200 times are applied in the tillering stage.

In the invention, further, 50-80 ml/mu of photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 450-600 times, 20-40 ml/mu of pollen enzyme diluted by 950-1050 times and 15-20 ml/mu of structural enzyme diluted by 980-1100 times are applied in the booting stage.

In the invention, further, 80-100 ml/mu of photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 450-600 times, 20-40 ml/mu of pollen enzyme diluted by 950-1100 times and 15-20 ml/mu of structural enzyme diluted by 950-1050 times are applied in the filling period.

In the invention, rice bran is further broadcast the next day after the rice transplanting, and the application amount of the rice bran is 66.7-133.4 KG/mu.

In the invention, further, the seed soaking comprises soaking the disinfected seeds in water for 4-5 days, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 450-540 times, pollen enzyme diluted by 950-1100 times and bacteriostatic enzyme diluted by 950-1150 times for 5-6 days,

in the invention, further, the temperature of the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking is 9-11 ℃, and the seed soaking liquid flows circularly.

In the present invention, further, the sterilization is to sterilize the selected seeds with hot water at 60 ℃ for 10 minutes, and then to rapidly wash with water at 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ for cooling.

In the invention, further, the strengthening treatment of the seedlings before transplanting comprises strengthening treatment of the seedlings on a seedbed before transplanting or the seedlings raised in a tray before transplanting;

wherein the strengthening treatment of the seedlings on the seedbed before transplanting is to spray the seedlings by using photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 450-550 times, pollen enzyme diluted by 980-1100 times and root-opening enzyme diluted by 4800-5100 times;

the strengthening treatment of the tray-cultured seedlings before transplanting is to soak the seedlings by using 4900-5100 times diluted root-opening enzyme and 980-1100 times diluted antibacterial enzyme.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the planting and cultivating method, different amounts of corresponding enzymes are sprayed in the seed soaking seedling raising period, the tillering period, the booting period and the grain filling period respectively, so that various functions of the rice can be enhanced through the enzymes in different periods, the photosynthesis, the metabolism, the disease and stress resistance of the rice and the absorption of nutrient substances are enhanced, the using amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the whole cultivating process can be reduced, and the final yield of the rice and the quality of the rice can be effectively improved due to the enhancement of the enzymes on the rice.

In addition, the rice bran is scattered on the water surface of the rice field, the rice bran can be used as a slow-release organic fertilizer to be absorbed by planted seedlings, the nitrogen concentration in the rice body is relatively low in the absorption process, the incidence rate of the neck blast disease can be reduced, the rice bran is fermented on the water surface to form a layer of acid film after the rice bran is scattered on the water surface, and meanwhile, the rice bran is suspended on the water surface to block certain light from reaching the water bottom, so that the photosynthesis of weeds can be blocked, and the prevention, control, removal and killing of the weeds can be achieved. In addition, by inhibiting and killing weeds, insects, bacteria and ova parasitizing on the weeds can be directly killed, and the probability of later-stage pest and disease damage can be reduced. Meanwhile, the proper enzyme types and the proper enzyme dosage are selected at proper time and are matched with the application of the rice bran, so that the cooking quality of the rice is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for cultivating high-quality and high-yield rice is provided, which comprises the following steps:

step one, seedling raising pretreatment is carried out on seeds to be treated; seedling pre-treatment comprises seed sunning, seed selection, disinfection, seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment;

sun-drying seeds: and (4) tedding the seeds for 1-2 days in sunny weather.

Seed selection: selecting seeds by using saline water with the specific gravity of more than 1.13, washing the selected seeds by using clear water, airing and air-drying; the concentration of brine in seed selection by brine is preferably 1.15.

And (3) disinfection: putting the selected seeds into constant-temperature hot water at 60 ℃ for continuously keeping for 10 minutes, and then rapidly washing and cooling with cold water at 10-15 ℃; the flora which is not tolerant to the temperature is killed by the rapid change of the temperature, and the activity of harmful flora is reduced by the rapid change of the temperature, thereby achieving the effect of disinfection.

Seed soaking: putting the disinfected seeds into a seed soaking bag, soaking the seed soaking bag into a seed soaking solution with the temperature of 9-11 ℃ for 10 days, wherein the soaking solution is circulated all the time, the temperature of the seed soaking solution is ensured to be 9-11 ℃ all the time in the whole circulation process, the soaking solution is filtered in the circulation process, clear water is used for soaking seeds in 4-5 days in 10 days of seed soaking, a photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 500 times, a pollen enzyme diluted by 1000 times and an antibacterial enzyme mixed solution diluted by 1000 times are used for soaking seeds in 5-6 days, and when the enzyme soaking is carried out, soaking water can be directly replaced by the mixed solution of the enzymes for soaking seeds; or putting the corresponding ferment solution and the seeds to be soaked into a water-tight container, and putting the container into circulating soaking water for continuous seed soaking. Because the traditional seed soaking process uses non-circulating seed soaking water, bacteria and microorganisms can grow in the water because the seed soaking water does not flow in the 10-day seed soaking process, the water quality of the seed soaking water can be polluted, and the health of seeds can be influenced. The bacteriostatic enzyme can inhibit harmful microorganisms in seed soaking water and improve the antibacterial capability of seeds; the pollen enzyme improves the activity of the seeds, breaks dormancy, promotes the regular germination of the seeds and increases the germination rate; photosynthetic ferment can improve the efficiency of the photosynthesis of later stage plant, and the growth of plant is accelerated to also improve plant disease resistance.

After the seed soaking, accelerating germination is carried out to ensure that the seeds germinate rapidly.

And step two, sowing the seeds processed in the step one to a manufactured seedling raising plate and/or a seedling bed, continuously cultivating and growing, and performing conventional water and fertilizer management.

Step three, when the seeds grow into two leaves and one heart in the step two, spraying photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 500 times and pollen enzyme diluted by 1000 times; when the diluent of spraying photosynthetic enzyme and pollen ferment, can mix together and carry out the spraying and also can carry out the spraying respectively, when mixing, the diluent quantity of photosynthetic enzyme and pollen ferment is 1: 1, and soaking a seedbed or a seedling tray in the spraying process, thereby ensuring that the roots of the plants can also absorb. After photosynthetic enzyme and pollen enzyme are sprayed, the growth of plants is vigorous, the growth can be accelerated, and the seedling stage is shortened, so that the seedlings can be planted as soon as possible.

Step four, strengthening the seedlings by using enzymes before transplanting the seedlings; the treatment of the seedlings before transplanting is to enhance the adaptability of the seedlings when being planted in the field and improve the viability of the seedlings, and because the seedlings need to be transplanted into the field from a seedbed or a seedling tray during transplanting, and certain manual or mechanical damage can be inevitably caused to the seedlings in the process, in order to enhance the self-healing capacity of the seedlings and improve the stress resistance of the seedlings, enzymes are used for strengthening the seedlings before transplanting, and because the two modes of manual transplanting or mechanical transplanting exist in the actual seedling transplanting process, the actual strengthening treatment modes are different.

Manual seed insertion: the strengthening treatment of the seedlings on the seedbed before transplanting is to spray the seedlings by using 500 times diluted photosynthetic enzyme, 1000 times diluted pollen enzyme and 5000 times diluted root-opening enzyme, and the whole seedbed needs to be soaked. The pollen ferment can improve physiological metabolism function, improve stress resistance of plants such as cold resistance, drought resistance and the like, is beneficial to improving adaptability and stress resistance after seedlings are inserted into a field, and the root-opening ferment can promote the rapid growth of new roots of the seedlings and help the seedlings to absorb nutrition more quickly for growth.

Mechanically inserting seeds: strengthening treatment of the tray seedling before transplanting is to use 5000 times diluted root-opening enzyme and 1000 times diluted bacteriostatic enzyme to soak the roots of the seedling tray as a reference; thereby improving the self healing capacity of the seedlings and reducing the damage caused by manual or mechanical damage in the transplanting process.

Fifthly, turning the field, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, soaking the field, pulping, leveling and the like; the treatment of the field in the fifth step is the prior art known by the technicians in the field, and is not described herein again, and the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer can be combined to be used as a base fertilizer to be turned into the ground in the process.

Step six, transplanting the seedlings processed in the step four into the local field processed in the step five according to the plant spacing or row spacing of the proper planting field, and uniformly spreading rice bran on the water surface of the transplanted field the next day after transplanting; the application amount of rice bran is 66.7-133.4 KG/mu. The rice bran can be used as a slow-acting organic fertilizer, when the slow-acting organic fertilizer is absorbed by planted seedlings, the nitrogen concentration in rice bodies is relatively low, so that the incidence rate of the neck blast disease is low, the rice bran is fermented on the water surface to form an acid film after the rice bran is spread, low-grade organic acid generated by the rice bran, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and the like, has an obvious toxic action on weeds within 2cm of the field surface, can inhibit the weeds from rooting and sprouting, has the effect of burning the root tips and heart leaves, and can effectively kill weed buds. In addition, after the rice bran is scattered, the rice bran suspended to the water surface can prevent certain light from reaching the water bottom, so that photosynthesis of weeds can be blocked and the weeds die. By inhibiting and killing weeds, insects, bacteria and ova parasitizing on the weeds can be directly killed, and the occurrence of rice diseases and insect pests is reduced.

And seventhly, respectively spraying enzymes in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice, and performing combined management by using conventional water and fertilizer medicines in the ordinary growth process of the rice. Applying corresponding fertilizer and pesticide according to the growth of rice and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The enzymes with different concentration ratios can be respectively sprayed without sequential limitation when being sprayed, or can be sprayed in the form of mixed liquid after being mixed together, meanwhile, the using amount of the enzymes in each mu is the using amount of the enzymes before dilution, and the enzymes are sprayed once in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice.

Photosynthetic enzyme diluted 500 times is applied in the tillering stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 30-50 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted 1000 times is used, the using amount of the pollen enzyme is 15-20 ml/mu, root-opening enzyme diluted 5000 times is used, and the using amount of the root-opening enzyme is 2.5-3 ml/mu. The rice is differentiated into a tillering stage from transplanting to young ear, and the process is about 30 days (the process is changed due to different varieties, planting stages and seedling raising modes). The tillering stage can be divided into a green-returning stage (transplanted), an effective tillering stage and an ineffective tillering stage. The transplanted seedlings are damaged in the processes of seedling pulling, transporting and transplanting, which is called as plant injury. Therefore, a period of time after transplanting rice plants is required to recover the green-turning and grow new roots, and the period of time is called the period of green-turning. After the green-returning process, if the conditions are proper, a new plant can be extended from the axillary bud of the axillary leaf at the base of the pseudostem, namely the tillering. Spraying photosynthetic enzyme, pollen enzyme and root-opening enzyme in this period can improve photosynthetic capacity and metabolic function of the plant, accelerate the growth of new roots, improve the activity of the plant, accelerate the absorption of nutrient substances, increase the number of effective tillers and lay a foundation for later high yield.

Photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 500 times is applied in the booting stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 50-80 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted by 1000 times is 20-40 ml/mu, structural enzyme diluted by 1000 times is applied, and the using amount of the structural enzyme is 15-20 ml/mu. The booting stage is to perform vegetative growth with stem and leaf growth as the center, and to perform reproductive growth with young ear differentiation as the center, and to perform vegetative growth and reproductive growth simultaneously, and the two growth centers are performed synchronously. The booting stage is the initial stage of the rice entering the reproductive growth and is also the key stage of glumous flower formation, and the application amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is increased in the stage, so that the photosynthesis can be promoted, and more glumous flowers are formed. The increase of pollen ferment is to promote the formation of pollen grains, which is beneficial to the increase of rice yield. The structure enzyme can effectively increase the absorption efficiency of calcium and boron, improve the penetration and circulation of calcium in crops, increase the stem strength of plants, increase the lodging resistance, enhance the disease resistance, reduce the crop diseases and provide a foundation for improving the yield and the rice quality in the later period.

And applying photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 500 times, 80-100 ml/mu of photosynthetic enzyme and pollen enzyme diluted by 1000 times in the filling period, wherein the using amount of the pollen enzyme is 20-40 ml/mu and the using amount of the structural enzyme diluted by 1000 times is 15-20 ml/mu. The filling stage of the rice is a period from the end of the flowering and the closure of the glume to the maturity of the seeds. This period is the period of time when the final yield is established, and sufficient photosynthetic area and unobstructed material transport channels are ensured in production. Photosynthetic enzymes, structural enzymes and pollen enzymes are continuously sprayed to comprehensively improve the absorption of plants to nutrition and the fullness of seeds, thereby increasing the yield and improving the quality.

When spraying the seedling, can adopt unmanned aerial vehicle and/or artificial mode to spray. The mode of people or unmanned aerial vehicle spraying can be selected according to the area size in paddy field, the number of upper shelters and the problem of cost at the in-process of spraying.

After spraying, the enzyme to be sprayed can be firmly attached to the plant for at least 6 hours. Generally, spraying is carried out in a sunny and windless state, and it is required to ensure that the crops do not rain within 6 hours after spraying is finished, so that the enzymes can be ensured to be fully absorbed by the crops.

The photosynthetic enzymes, pollen enzymes, structural enzymes, dehuricase and bacteriostatic enzymes mentioned in the present invention are prior art, and their main components and corresponding actions are as follows:

1. photosynthetic enzyme: mainly comprises fermented composite organic acid, ferment, trace mineral substances and vitamins. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of crops is rapidly improved, the disease resistance of the crops is increased, the side effect caused by overhigh nitrogen is effectively avoided, and the photosynthesis of the crops is mainly promoted.

2. Pollen ferment: it is composed of special organic acid and nutrient components extracted from natural pollen and secreted by microbe. Can improve the activity of the seeds, break dormancy, promote the regular germination of the seeds and increase the germination rate. Accelerating the normal growth and differentiation of cells, improving the quality of crops, increasing the yield and harvesting in advance. Improving physiological metabolism function, and improving the stress resistance of plants such as cold resistance, drought resistance and the like. Improve the activity of flowers, increase the differentiation of flower buds, increase the maturing rate and reduce flower and fruit drop.

3. Structural enzymes: mainly comprises composite organic acid, lignin and natural minerals. Is a natural medium, has high biological affinity to plant tissues, and can effectively increase the absorption efficiency of calcium and boron.

4. Root-opening enzyme: is rich in organic acid and vitamin B group root activating substances, can promote the rapid proliferation of new roots, can strengthen the absorption of soil fertilizers and promote the rooting of crops.

5. Bacteriostatic enzyme: the beneficial microorganism vigor strain selected by natural kingdom can quickly proliferate beneficial flora on the surface of plant leaves and soil, secrete a plurality of antagonistic substances, inhibit harmful microorganisms, reduce plant diseases and accelerate the decomposition of humus.

Example 1

Step one, seedling raising pretreatment is carried out on seeds to be treated; the seedling raising pretreatment comprises seed sunning, seed selection, disinfection, seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment, wherein:

sun-drying seeds: and (4) selecting sunny weather to tedding the seeds for 1 day.

Seed selection: selecting seeds by using saline water with the specific gravity of 1.15, washing the selected seeds by using clear water, airing and air-drying;

and (3) disinfection: placing the selected seeds in constant temperature hot water of 60 ℃ for continuously keeping for 10 minutes, and then rapidly washing and cooling with cold water of 10 ℃;

seed soaking: putting the disinfected seeds into a seed soaking bag, soaking the seed soaking bag into clear water at the temperature of 9 ℃ for 4 days, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of 500-time diluted photosynthetic enzyme, 1000-time diluted pollen enzyme and 1000-time diluted antibacterial enzyme for 6 days, and directly replacing soaking water with the mixed solution of the enzymes for soaking the seeds when the enzymes are soaked.

And step two, sowing the seeds processed in the step one to a manufactured seedling raising plate, continuously culturing and growing, and performing conventional water and fertilizer management.

Step three, when the seeds grow into two leaves and one core, spraying photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 500 times and pollen enzyme diluted by 1000 times, wherein the spraying process is subject to soaking of a seedbed or a seedling tray;

before artificial transplanting, strengthening treatment of seedlings on a seedbed is to spray the seedlings by using 500 times diluted photosynthetic enzyme, 1000 times diluted pollen enzyme and 5000 times diluted root-opening enzyme, and the whole seedbed needs to be soaked;

fifthly, turning the field, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, soaking the field, pulping, leveling and the like;

step six, the seedlings processed in the step four are manually planted into the local field processed in the step five according to the plant spacing or row spacing of the proper planting field, and rice bran is uniformly scattered on the water surface of the planted field the next day after the rice seedlings are planted; the application amount of the rice bran is 90 KG/mu.

Seventhly, spraying enzymes in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice respectively, wherein:

photosynthetic enzyme diluted 500 times is applied in the tillering stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 40 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted 1000 times is used, the using amount of the pollen enzyme is 17 ml/mu, root-opening enzyme diluted 5000 times is used, and the using amount of the root-opening enzyme is 2.7 ml/mu.

Photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 500 times is applied in the booting stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 70 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted by 1000 times is 30 ml/mu, structural enzyme diluted by 1000 times is applied, and the using amount of the structural enzyme is 18 ml/mu.

Photosynthetic ferment diluted by 500 times, photosynthetic ferment 90 ml/mu, pollen ferment diluted by 1000 times, pollen ferment usage amount of 30 ml/mu and structure ferment diluted by 1000 times are applied in the filling period, and the structure ferment usage amount is 17 ml/mu.

After spraying, the enzyme to be sprayed can be firmly attached to the plant for 6 hours.

Example 2

Referring to example 1, the difference from example 1 is:

in the first step:

sun-drying seeds: and (4) tedding the seeds for 2 days in sunny weather.

And (3) disinfection: placing the selected seeds in constant temperature hot water of 60 ℃ for continuously keeping for 10 minutes, and then rapidly washing and cooling with cold water of 15 ℃;

seed soaking: putting the disinfected seeds into a seed soaking bag, soaking the seed soaking bag into clear water at the temperature of 11 ℃ for 5 days, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 450 times, pollen enzyme diluted by 950 times and antibacterial enzyme diluted by 950 times for 5 days, and directly replacing soaking water with the mixed solution of the enzymes for soaking the seeds when the enzymes are soaked.

In the third step, spraying photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 400 times and pollen enzyme diluted by 900 times;

before artificial transplanting, strengthening treatment of seedlings on a seedbed is to spray the seedlings by using photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 450 times, pollen enzyme diluted by 980 times and root-opening enzyme diluted by 4800 times, and the whole seedbed needs to be soaked;

in the sixth step, the application amount of the rice bran is 66.7 KG/mu.

Step seven:

photosynthetic enzyme diluted 450 times is applied in the tillering stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 30 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted 950 times is 15 ml/mu, root-opening enzyme diluted 4500 times is applied, and the using amount of the root-opening enzyme is 2.5 ml/mu.

Photosynthetic enzyme diluted 450 times is applied in the booting stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 50 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted 950 times is 20 ml/mu, structural enzyme diluted 980 times is applied, and the using amount of the structural enzyme is 15 ml/mu.

Photosynthetic enzyme diluted 450 times, photosynthetic enzyme 80 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted 950 times, pollen enzyme with usage amount of 20 ml/mu and structural enzyme diluted 950 times are applied in the filling period, and structural enzyme with usage amount of 15 ml/mu.

Example 3

Referring to example 1, the procedure different from example 1 is as follows:

in the first step:

sun-drying seeds: and (4) tedding the seeds for 2 days in sunny weather.

And (3) disinfection: placing the selected seeds in constant temperature hot water of 60 ℃ for continuously keeping for 10 minutes, and then rapidly washing and cooling with cold water of 13 ℃;

seed soaking: putting the disinfected seeds into a seed soaking bag, soaking the seed soaking bag into clear water at the temperature of 11 ℃ for 4 days, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of 540-time diluted photosynthetic enzyme, 1100-time diluted pollen enzyme and 1150-time diluted bacteriostatic enzyme for 6 days, and directly replacing soaking water with the mixed solution of the enzymes for soaking the seeds.

Spraying photosynthetic enzyme diluted by 600 times and pollen enzyme diluted by 1100 times in the third step;

before artificial transplanting, strengthening treatment of seedlings on a seedbed is to spray the seedlings by using 550-time diluted photosynthetic enzyme, 1100-time diluted pollen enzyme and 5100-time diluted root-opening enzyme, and the whole seedbed needs to be soaked;

in the sixth step, the application amount of the rice bran is 133.4 KG/mu.

Step seven:

photosynthetic enzyme diluted 600 times is applied in the tillering stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 50 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted 1050 times is applied in the tillering stage, the using amount of the pollen enzyme is 20 ml/mu, root-opening enzyme diluted 5200 times is applied in the root-opening stage, and the using amount of the root-opening enzyme is 3 ml/mu.

Photosynthetic enzyme diluted 600 times is applied in the booting stage, the using amount of the photosynthetic enzyme is 80 ml/mu, pollen enzyme diluted 1050 times is applied in the booting stage, the using amount of the pollen enzyme is 40 ml/mu, structural enzyme diluted 1100 times is applied in the booting stage, and the using amount of the structural enzyme is 20 ml/mu.

Photosynthetic enzyme diluted 600 times, photosynthetic enzyme 100 ml/mu and pollen enzyme diluted 1100 times are applied in the filling period, the using amount of the pollen enzyme is 40 ml/mu, structural enzyme diluted 1050 times is applied, and the using amount of the structural enzyme is 20 ml/mu.

The rice planted by the method of the invention, the conventional method and the practical environment-friendly enzyme cultivation method is subjected to a comparative experiment:

comparative example 1 (conventional method)

Step one, seedling raising pretreatment is carried out on seeds to be treated;

step two, sowing the seeds processed in the step one to a seedling tray and/or a seedbed, and continuing to cultivate and grow;

step three, when the seeds grow into two leaves and one core in the step two, spraying a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, wherein the spraying process is performed on the basis of soaking a seedbed or a seedling tray;

step four, turning the field, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, soaking the field, pulping, leveling and the like;

step five, transplanting the seedlings processed in the step four into the local field processed in the step five, and uniformly spreading rice bran into the field after seedling transplantation the next day;

and sixthly, additionally applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice respectively.

Comparative example 2 (use of environmental protection enzyme)

Step one, seedling raising pretreatment is carried out on seeds to be treated;

step three, when the seeds grow into two leaves and one core, spraying 500 times diluted environment-friendly enzyme and 1000 times diluted environment-friendly enzyme, wherein the seedbed or a seedling tray is soaked in the spraying process;

fourthly, strengthening the seedlings by using environment-friendly enzyme before transplanting;

fifthly, turning the field, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, soaking the field, pulping and leveling;

step six, transplanting the seedlings processed in the step four into the local field processed in the step five, and uniformly spreading rice bran into the field after seedling transplantation the next day;

and seventhly, spraying environment-friendly enzymes in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice respectively.

The influence of the cultivation method provided by the invention on the yield and the quality of rice is examined through experiments. The test is carried out by adopting a random block design and a three-time repeated experimental method (namely three different test areas are selected from the same planting plot, and each test area is divided into three areas, wherein the first area is used for cultivating rice according to the method of the invention in the embodiment 1, the second area is used for cultivating rice according to the conventional method, namely the method of the comparative example 1, and the third area is used for cultivating rice according to the method of the environmental-friendly ferment, namely the comparative example 2), the data pairs of the yield and the yield constituent elements of the finally cultivated rice are shown in the table 1, the data pairs of the appearance quality are shown in the table 2, and the data pairs of the rice glue consistency are shown in the table 3:

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

Note: the data in tables 1, 2 and 3 above are the average of 5 experimental tests.

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the cultivation of rice by the method of the present invention can effectively increase the yield and quality of rice compared to the conventional method and the method using the green enzyme.

As can be seen from Table 3, the rice cultivated by the method of the present invention has higher rice glue viscosity and better rice quality than the rice cultivated by the conventional method and the method using the green enzyme.

The above experiments were also performed on the quality of rice planted in other examples of the present invention, and the results obtained were similar.

The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice comprises the steps of seed drying, seed selection, disinfection, seed soaking, sowing, seedbed cultivation, field treatment, treatment before rice transplanting, rice transplanting and field management,

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photosynthetic enzyme diluted 400-600 times and the pollen enzyme diluted 900-1100 times are sprayed on the two leaves and one core.

3. The cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein 30-50 ml/mu of photosynthetic enzyme diluted 450-600 times, 15-20 ml/mu of pollen enzyme diluted 950-1050 times and 2.5-3 ml/mu of rooting-opening enzyme diluted 4500-5200 times are applied in the tillering stage.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein 50-80 ml/mu photosynthetic enzyme diluted 450-600 times, 20-40 ml/mu pollen enzyme diluted 950-1050 times and 15-20 ml/mu structural enzyme diluted 980-1100 times are applied during the booting stage.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein 80-100 ml/mu photosynthetic ferment diluted 450-600 times, 20-40 ml/mu pollen ferment diluted 950-1100 times and 15-20 ml/mu structural ferment diluted 950-1050 times are applied during the filling stage.

6. A cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein rice bran is broadcast the next day after rice transplanting, and the rice bran is applied in an amount of 66.7-133.4 KG/mu.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking comprises soaking the disinfected seeds in water for 4-5 days, and soaking in a mixture of photosynthetic enzyme diluted 450-540 times, pollen enzyme diluted 950-1100 times and bacteriostatic enzyme diluted 950-1150 times for 5-6 days.

8. A cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the seed soaking liquid used for seed soaking is 9-11 ℃, and the seed soaking liquid flows circularly.

9. A method for cultivating high-quality and high-yield rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein said sterilization comprises sterilizing the selected seeds with hot water at 60 ℃ for 10 min, and then rapidly washing with water at 10-15 ℃ for cooling.

10. A method of raising high-quality and high-yield rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strengthening treatment of the seedlings before transplanting comprises strengthening treatment of the seedlings on a seedbed before transplanting or the seedlings raised on a tray before transplanting;