CN111837844B - Temperature-sensitive rice cultivation method - Google Patents
Temperature-sensitive rice cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice, which comprises (1) seed soaking treatment; (2) sowing in 2-3 batches at intervals of 2-3 days; (3) spraying a ferment bacterium liquid fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings 5-8 days before transplanting; (4) transplanting rice seedlings; (5) fertilizer and water management, namely applying N + K7-10 days before transplanting rice seedlings2O+P2O5A compound fertilizer with the content of 35-40%; transplanting for 2-3 days, and performing primary topdressing by using a mixture of urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and arecoline; transplanting rice seedlings for 7-10 days, and dressing with N + K2O+P2O5A compound fertilizer with the content of 50-55%; topdressing is carried out according to the weather and temperature conditions in the tillering stage, the fertility conversion sensitive stage and the heading and flowering stage of the rice, the temperature-sensitive high-quality rice cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the maturing rate can reach more than 81.9%, and the single yield is 8.5t/hm2Therefore, the high and stable yield of the temperature-sensitive sterile rice can be effectively realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice.
Background
Most of the rice dual-purpose genic male sterile lines applied to large-area production are temperature-sensitive types, the core of the rice temperature-sensitive dual-purpose genic male sterile line propagation technology is fertility conversion, and the current temperature-sensitive sterile line rice is low and unstable in self-propagation yield and high in propagation difficulty. The temperature-sensitive rice is usually cultivated by cold water serial irrigation and Hainan winter breeding, but the temperature range for restoration of the temperature-sensitive sterile rice is narrow and is generally only about 3-4 ℃, so that the maturing rate of plants is easily influenced on the premise of ensuring fertility conversion safety at present, and the problems of low yield, low seed purity and the like are caused. Therefore, how to fully improve the high and stable yield of the temperature-sensitive sterile rice on the basis of high fertility transformation safety and high seed purity is a difficulty in the propagation and cultivation of the current dual-purpose genic male sterile line of the temperature-sensitive rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a method for cultivating temperature-sensitive high-quality rice.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed soaking: after strong chlorine disinfection, soaking seeds for 6-8 hours by adopting 2-3 g/kg of seed soaking agent formed by mixing paclobutrazol and okra polysaccharide extract before sowing;
(2) sowing: sowing in 11-month late ten days, wherein the sowing is divided into 2-3 batches, the interval of each batch is 2-3 days, and the total sowing amount is 130-150 kg/hm2；
(3) Strengthening before transplanting rice seedlings: spraying the liquid fertilizer of ferment bacteria on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings 5-8 days before the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the spraying amount is 1.3-1.5L/hm2；
(4) Transplanting rice seedlings: selecting 90-95% of seedlings with tillers, wherein each seedling has 2.5-4.5 tillers on average, and the leaf age is 5-6 leaves on average;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: keeping the field water temperature at 20.8-22.1 ℃ through cold water serial irrigation; n + K is adopted 7-10 days before transplanting2O+P2O5The compound fertilizer with the content of 35-40% is used as a base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 250-280 kg/hm2(ii) a After transplanting for 2-3 days, carrying out primary topdressing by adopting a mixture of urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and arecolineThe fertilizer is applied in an amount of 83-95 kg/hm2(ii) a After 7-10 days of transplanting, dressing with N + K2O+P2O5The content of the compound fertilizer is 50-55%, and the fertilizing amount is 285-325 kg/hm2；
Topdressing is carried out at tillering stage, fertility conversion sensitive stage and heading and flowering stage of rice according to weather and temperature conditions, and when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, topdressing K is carried out2O+P2O5216-223 kg/hm of compound fertilizer with content of 52-58%2(ii) a When the daily average temperature is higher than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5105-127 kg/hm of compound fertilizer with the content of 50-55 percent2。
According to the invention, by adopting combined seed soaking, batch sowing and pre-treatment of transplanting, and combining specific fertilizer and water management, the maturing rate of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice cultivation can reach more than 81.9%, the yield is high, the seed yield of more than 8.5 tons per hectare can be finally obtained, and the high and stable yield of temperature-sensitive sterile line rice can be effectively realized.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the paclobutrazol to the okra polysaccharide extract is (5-8): 0.3.
Further, in the step (3), the concentration of the ferment liquid fertilizer is 900 to 1000 times of the aqueous solution.
Further explaining, in the step (5), N + K is adopted 7-10 days before transplanting rice seedlings2O+P2O5N, K taking compound fertilizer with 38% content as base fertilizer and compound fertilizer2O and P2O516.5%, 12.5% and 9% by mass.
Further explaining the step (5), the seaweed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing (18-20) seaweed and matrine decomposed substances in a mass ratio of (1-3), and the urea and the seaweed are mixed
The mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the arecoline is 50: 3, (0.5-1). The first additional fertilization of the early stage of rice transplanting is realized by combining urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and arecoline, so that the survival rate of transplanting rice seedlings can be better improved, and the growth and development of rice seedlings are promoted and accelerated.
Further explanation, step (5), transplanting rice seedlingsAfter 7-10 days, applying N + K2O+P2O5N, K of compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer with content of 53%2O and P2O520.5%, 17.5% and 15% by mass.
Further explaining step (5), when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, top dressing K2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer with content of 55% and K of compound fertilizer2O and P2O528.5% and 26.5% by mass.
Further explaining, in the step (3), when the daily average temperature is more than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5N, K of compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer with content of 53%2O and P2O523.3%, 16.2% and 13.5% by mass.
Further, in the step (4), the density of seedlings to be planted is 17.8X 20.0cm or 18.5X 20.0 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention not only adopts batch sowing and control of sowing amount after seed soaking treatment to obtain stably-growing seedlings, but also adopts ferment bacterium liquid fertilizer to perform strengthening treatment before seedling transplanting to reduce the influence on the growth of the seedlings in low-temperature paddy field environment, and through more reasonable fertilizer and water management, the phenomena of slow growth and development of the rice seedlings, yellowing of leaves and the like in the cold water irrigation process are effectively avoided, and the growth of the rice seedlings is promoted. The method changes the fertilization technology of the rice seedling before and after transplanting, and the fertilization management of the key periods of the tillering period, the fertility conversion sensitive period and the heading flowering period of the rice, comprises more reasonable regulation and control of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer contents of compound fertilizers according to different stages, additional fertilization at the initial stage of transplanting and specific fertilization management according to different weather and temperature conditions, mainly applies phosphorus and potassium fertilizer again and does not apply nitrogen fertilizer when the temperature is lower, and applies a certain amount of compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration before and after cold irrigation when the temperature is higher so as to improve the influence of a low-temperature paddy field on the rice setting rate, so that the normal setting can be recovered more stably under normal climate conditions, the setting rate is improved, and the yield of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice cultivation is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1-a method for cultivating temperature-sensitive high-quality rice, comprising the steps of:
(1) seed soaking: disinfecting 1s seeds of the rice temperature-sensitive sterile line strain by adopting strong chlorine, and soaking seeds for 6 hours by adopting 2g/kg seed soaking agent formed by mixing paclobutrazol and okra polysaccharide extract according to the mass ratio of 5:0.3 before sowing;
(2) sowing: sowing in 11-month late ten days, sowing in 2 batches at intervals of 3d, wherein the sowing quantity of the 1 st batch is 2 times of that of the 2 nd batch, and the sowing total quantity is 130kg/hm2；
(3) Strengthening before transplanting rice seedlings: spraying the liquid fertilizer of ferment bacteria on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings 5 days before the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the spraying amount is 1.3L/hm2(ii) a The concentration of the ferment liquid fertilizer is 900 times of the water solution;
(4) transplanting rice seedlings: selecting 90% of seedlings with tillers, wherein each seedling has 2.5 tillers on average, and the leaf age is 5 leaves on average; the inserting density is 18.5 multiplied by 20.0 cm;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: keeping the field water temperature at 20.8-22.1 ℃ through cold water serial irrigation; before 7d of transplanting, adopting N + K2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer with 35% content as base fertilizer (N, K of compound fertilizer)2O and P2O5The mass percentage of the components is as follows: 15.5%, 11.5% and 8%), and the amount of fertilizer applied is 250kg/hm2；
After transplanting for 2 days, performing primary topdressing by using a mixture of urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and arecoline, wherein the fertilizing amount is 83kg/hm2(ii) a The seaweed organic fertilizer is formed by mixing seaweed and matrine decomposed substances in a mass ratio of 18: 1; urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and champagneThe mass ratio of the betelnut alkali is 50: 3: 0.5;
after 7d of transplanting, dressing with N + K2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer (N, K of compound fertilizer) with content of 50 percent2O and P2O5The mass percent of the fertilizer is 19.5 percent, 16.5 percent and 14 percent), and the fertilizing amount is 285kg/hm2；
Topdressing is carried out at tillering stage, fertility conversion sensitive stage and heading and flowering stage of rice according to weather and temperature conditions, and when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, topdressing K is carried out2O+P2O5216kg/hm of compound fertilizer with content of 52 percent2(Compound fertilizers K2O and P2O527% and 25% by mass); when the daily average temperature is higher than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer with content of 50% 105kg/hm2(N, K for Compound fertilizers2O and P2O522.3%, 15.2% and 12.5%) by mass.
Example 2-a method for cultivating temperature-sensitive high-quality rice, comprising the steps of:
(1) seed soaking: disinfecting 1s seeds of the rice temperature-sensitive sterile line strain by adopting strong chlorine, and soaking seeds for 8 hours by adopting 3g/kg seed soaking agent formed by mixing paclobutrazol and okra polysaccharide extract according to the mass ratio of 8:0.3 before sowing;
(2) sowing: sowing in 11-month late ten days, wherein 3 batches of sowing are carried out, the interval of each batch is 2d, the sowing quantity of the 1 st batch is 2 times that of the 2 nd batch, the sowing quantities of the 3 rd batch and the 2 nd batch are equal, and the sowing total quantity is 150kg/hm2；
(3) Strengthening before transplanting rice seedlings: spraying the liquid fertilizer of ferment bacteria on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings 8 days before the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the spraying amount is 1.5L/hm2(ii) a The concentration of the ferment liquid fertilizer is 1000 times of the water solution;
(4) transplanting rice seedlings: selecting 95% of seedlings with tillers, wherein each seedling has 4.5 tillers on average, and the leaf age is 6 leaves on average; the inserting density is 18.5 multiplied by 20.0 cm;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: keeping the field water temperature at 20.8-22.1 ℃ through cold water serial irrigation; before 10 days of transplanting, adopting N + K2O+P2O5The content is 40%The compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer (N, K of the compound fertilizer)2O and P2O5The mass percentage of the components is as follows: 17.5%, 13% and 9.5%), and the amount of applied fertilizer is 280kg/hm2；
After 3 days of transplanting, carrying out primary topdressing by using a mixture of urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and arecoline, wherein the fertilizing amount is 95kg/hm2(ii) a The seaweed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing seaweed and matrine decomposed substances in a mass ratio of 20: 3; the mass ratio of the urea to the seaweed organic fertilizer to the arecoline is 50: 3: 1;
after 10d of transplanting, dressing with N + K2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer (N, K of compound fertilizer) with content of 55%2O and P2O521.5 percent, 18 percent and 15.5 percent by mass), and the fertilizing amount is 325kg/hm2；
Topdressing is carried out at tillering stage, fertility conversion sensitive stage and heading and flowering stage of rice according to weather and temperature conditions, and when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, topdressing K is carried out2O+P2O5223kg/hm of compound fertilizer with content of 58 percent2(Compound fertilizers K2O and P2O530% and 28%) by mass; when the daily average temperature is higher than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5127kg/hm compound fertilizer with content of 55 percent2(N, K for Compound fertilizers2O and P2O524.3%, 16.7% and 14%) by mass.
Example 3-a method for cultivating temperature-sensitive high-quality rice, comprising the steps of:
(1) seed soaking: disinfecting 1s seeds of the rice temperature-sensitive sterile line strain by adopting strong chlorine, and soaking seeds for 7 hours by adopting 2.5g/kg seed soaking agent formed by mixing paclobutrazol and okra polysaccharide extract according to the mass ratio of 7:0.3 before sowing;
(2) sowing: sowing in 11-month late ten days, wherein 3 batches of sowing are carried out, the interval of each batch is 2d, the sowing quantity of the 1 st batch is 2 times that of the 2 nd batch, the sowing quantities of the 3 rd batch and the 2 nd batch are equal, and the sowing total quantity is 140kg/hm2；
(3) Strengthening before transplanting rice seedlings: spraying the liquid fertilizer of the ferment bacteria on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings 7 days before the seedlings are transplanted,the spraying amount is 1.4L/hm2(ii) a The concentration of the ferment bacterium liquid fertilizer is 950 times of the water solution;
(4) transplanting rice seedlings: selecting 93% of seedlings with tillers, wherein each seedling has 3.5 tillers on average, and the leaf age is 6 leaves on average; the inserting density is 18.5 multiplied by 20.0 cm;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: keeping the field water temperature at 20.8-22.1 ℃ through cold water serial irrigation; 8d before transplanting, adopting N + K2O+P2O5The compound fertilizer with the content of 38 percent is used as a base fertilizer (N, K of the compound fertilizer)2O and P2O5The mass percentage of the components is as follows: 16.5 percent, 12.5 percent and 9 percent) and the fertilizer application amount is 265kg/hm2；
After transplanting for 2 days, performing primary topdressing by using a mixture of urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and arecoline, wherein the fertilizing amount is 89kg/hm2(ii) a The seaweed organic fertilizer is formed by mixing seaweed and matrine decomposed substances in a mass ratio of 19: 2; the mass ratio of the urea to the seaweed organic fertilizer to the arecoline is 50: 3: 0.6;
after 8 days of transplanting, dressing with N + K2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer (N, K of compound fertilizer) with content of 53 percent2O and P2O520.5 percent, 17.5 percent and 15 percent of the fertilizer application amount, 305kg/hm2；
Topdressing is carried out at tillering stage, fertility conversion sensitive stage and heading and flowering stage of rice according to weather and temperature conditions, and when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, topdressing K is carried out2O+P2O5219kg/hm of compound fertilizer with the content of 55 percent2(Compound fertilizers K2O and P2O528.5% and 26.5%) by mass; when the daily average temperature is higher than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer 116kg/hm with content of 53%2(N, K for Compound fertilizers2O and P2O523.3%, 16.2% and 13.5%).
Comparative example 1-cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice according to example 3, except that: in the step (1), only 2.5g/kg of paclobutrazol is adopted as a seed soaking agent to soak seeds for 7 hours before sowing; seeding in batches is not carried out, the seeding weightIs 140kg/hm2The rest of the steps and parameters were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2-cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice according to example 3, except that: in the step (3), the rice seedlings are directly transplanted without adopting the ferment bacterium liquid fertilizer for strengthening treatment before transplanting, and the rest steps and parameters are the same as those in the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 3-cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice according to example 3, except that: in the step (5), when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, additional fertilizer K is applied2O+P2O5219kg/hm of compound fertilizer with the content of 40 percent2(Compound fertilizers K2O and P2O5The mass percent of the N + K is 21 percent and 19 percent), when the daily average temperature is more than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5116kg/hm of compound fertilizer with content of 38 percent2(N, K for Compound fertilizers2O and P2O518.3%, 11.2% and 8.5%) and the remaining steps and parameters were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 4-cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice according to example 3, except that: in the step (5), after transplanting for 2d, adopting N + K2O+P2O5Carrying out primary topdressing on the compound fertilizer with the content of 38 percent, wherein the fertilizing amount is 89kg/hm2The rest of the steps and parameters were the same as in example 3.
Wherein the ferment bacteria liquid fertilizer is prepared by fermenting young and tender branches and leaves of green plants of green vegetables and grass by ferment bacteria; the compound fertilizer is prepared by compounding inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer, compound amino acid, secondary elements and trace elements.
According to the cultivation methods of different temperature-sensitive high-quality rice of the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, the conditions of the single yield of propagation and the selfing setting rate obtained by the cultivation methods of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice at the same time are respectively counted, and the results are as follows:
| examples | Single output/(kg/hm)2) | Seed set rate/(%) |
| Example 1 | 8509.6 | 82.02 |
| Example 2 | 8457.7 | 81.85 |
| Example 3 | 8581.3 | 83.46 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8106.4 | 75.25 |
| Comparative example 2 | 7357.9 | 65.41 |
| Comparative example 3 | 6012.7 | 50.33 |
| Comparative example 4 | 6589.4 | 59.84 |
As can be seen from the above table, the maturing rate of the temperature-sensitive high-quality rice cultivation method disclosed by the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is obviously improved and can reach up to 83.46%, and finally the seed yield of more than 8.5 tons per hectare can be obtained and can reach up to 8581.3kg/hm 2. Comparing example 3 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the single-yield and the seed setting rate of the seeds of comparative example 1 are relatively low, which indicates that batch sowing and control of the sowing amount are adopted after the seeds are soaked, which is beneficial to obtaining stable seedlings and ensuring the later stage transplanting rate. As can be seen from the comparison between example 3 and comparative example 2, the comparative example 2, which does not adopt the liquid fertilizer of ferment bacteria for strengthening treatment before transplanting rice seedlings, is easy to cause the phenomena of slow growth and development and yellowing of leaves of rice seedlings under the influence of low-temperature paddy field environment, thereby affecting the final single yield. As can be seen by comparing the example 3 with the comparative examples 3-5, the single yield and the maturing rate of the comparative examples 3 and 4 are both obviously reduced, which shows that the single yield and the maturing rate of the invention are both obviously reduced by changing the fertilization technology of the seedling before and after the seedling transplanting and the fertilization management of the key periods of the tillering period, the fertility conversion sensitive period and the heading and flowering period of the rice, namely, the seedling transplanting survival rate can be better improved by more reasonably regulating and controlling the contents of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of the compound fertilizer according to different stages, the first topdressing of the seedling transplanting initial stage is carried out by adopting the combination of urea, seaweed organic fertilizer and arecoline, and the specific fertilization management is combined according to different weather and temperature conditions, so that the growth and development of the rice seedlings are promoted and accelerated, the influence of a low-temperature paddy field on the maturing rate of the rice is improved, and the yield of the temperature-sensitive high-quality rice is obviously improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method of temperature-sensitive high-quality rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed soaking: after strong chlorine disinfection, soaking seeds for 6-8 hours by adopting 2-3 g/kg of seed soaking agent formed by mixing paclobutrazol and okra polysaccharide extract before sowing;
(2) sowing: sowing in 11-month late ten days, wherein the sowing is divided into 2-3 batches, the interval of each batch is 2-3 days, and the total sowing amount is 130-150 kg/hm2；
(3) Strengthening before transplanting rice seedlings: spraying the liquid fertilizer of ferment bacteria on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings 5-8 days before the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the spraying amount is 1.3-1.5L/hm2；
(4) Transplanting rice seedlings: selecting 90-95% of seedlings with tillers, wherein each seedling has 2.5-4.5 tillers on average, and the leaf age is 5-6 leaves on average;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: keeping the field water temperature at 20.8-22.1 ℃ through cold water serial irrigation; n + K is adopted 7-10 days before transplanting2O+P2O5The compound fertilizer with the content of 35-40% is used as a base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 250-280 kg/hm2(ii) a After transplanting for 2-3 days, performing primary topdressing by using a mixture of urea, a seaweed organic fertilizer and arecoline, wherein the seaweed organic fertilizer is formed by mixing (18-20) seaweed and a matrine decomposed substance in a mass ratio of (1-3), and the mass ratio of the urea to the seaweed organic fertilizer to the arecoline is 50: 3, (0.5-1); the fertilizing amount is 83-95 kg/hm2(ii) a After 7-10 days of transplanting, dressing with N + K2O+P2O5The content of the compound fertilizer is 50-55%, and the fertilizing amount is 285-325 kg/hm2；
Topdressing is carried out at tillering stage, fertility conversion sensitive stage and heading and flowering stage of rice according to weather and temperature conditions, and when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, topdressing K is carried out2O+P2O5216-223 kg/hm of compound fertilizer with content of 52-58%2(ii) a When the daily average temperature is higher than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5105-127 kg/hm of compound fertilizer with the content of 50-55 percent2。
2. The method for cultivating high-quality temperature-sensitive rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the paclobutrazol to the okra polysaccharide extract is (5-8) to 0.3.
3. The method for cultivating high-quality temperature-sensitive rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the concentration of the ferment bacterium liquid fertilizer is 900-1000 times of the water solution.
4. The method for cultivating high-quality temperature-sensitive rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), N + K is adopted 7-10 days before transplanting rice seedlings2O+P2O5N, K taking compound fertilizer with 38% content as base fertilizer and compound fertilizer2O and P2O516.5%, 12.5% and 9% by mass.
5. The method for cultivating high-quality temperature-sensitive rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step (5), after transplanting rice seedlings for 7-10 days, applying N + K2O+P2O5N, K of compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer with content of 53%2O and P2O520.5%, 17.5% and 15% by mass.
6. The method for cultivating high-quality temperature-sensitive rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step (5), when the daily average temperature is less than 20.5 ℃, top dressing K2O+P2O5Compound fertilizer with content of 55% and K of compound fertilizer2O and P2O528.5% and 26.5% by mass.
7. The method for cultivating high-quality temperature-sensitive rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step (3), when the daily average temperature is higher than 22.5 ℃, respectively applying N + K before and after cold irrigation2O+P2O5N, K of compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer with content of 53%2O and P2O523.3%, 16.2% and 13.5% by mass.
8. The method for cultivating high-quality temperature-sensitive rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the transplanting density of the seedlings is 17.8 multiplied by 20.0cm or 18.5 multiplied by 20.0 cm.
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