CN111084152A - Beef cattle ecological breeding method - Google Patents
Beef cattle ecological breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111084152A CN111084152A CN201911390194.XA CN201911390194A CN111084152A CN 111084152 A CN111084152 A CN 111084152A CN 201911390194 A CN201911390194 A CN 201911390194A CN 111084152 A CN111084152 A CN 111084152A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological beef cattle breeding method, which belongs to the field of breeding and comprises the following steps: (1) three links of site selection and field building, (2) feeding management and (3) daily management; wherein the feeding management is divided into three stages of early fattening period, fattening period and late fattening period for feeding in sections. According to the invention, the cattle are fed with the grass by planting the grass in the zone rich in zinc and selenium, and the bred cattle are also rich in zinc and selenium; by adopting sectional type feeding management, the corresponding feed can be provided according to different growth stages of the cattle, the nutrient substances required by the growth of the cattle are met, and the growth habit of the cattle is met; the invention does not add any additive in the whole feeding process, and the bred beef has good quality, fast growth and low morbidity and meets the requirements of organic ecological food.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of beef cattle breeding, in particular to an ecological breeding method for beef cattle.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, the consumption of beef is rapidly increased, so that the cultivation scale of beef cattle is larger and larger, but at present, most of domestic beef cattle cultivation methods are soil methods, the meat quality of the cultivated beef cattle is poor, the taste is not good, the slaughtering rate of the beef cattle is not high, the utilization rate of feed in the cultivation process of the beef cattle is not high, a lot of resources are wasted, and the cost is higher.
At the present stage, the general beef cattle stocking type breeding method comprises the following steps of selecting land, building a cowshed, managing breeding and preventing diseases, wherein the following steps of: the culture area is far away from areas such as industrial mining industry and the like, flowing water sources are arranged around the culture area, and the water quality is clean; constructing a cowshed: building a cowshed according to a design drawing; feeding management: periodically providing feed for the cattle; disease prevention: regularly disinfecting the cowshed, and injecting the beef cattle for seedling culture on time. The existing breeding method is simple and low in cost, but the existing breeding method has the problems that a plurality of breeding steps are lacked, the amount of exercise of beef cattle is reduced, the elasticity and toughness of beef on the beef cattle are reduced, and the quality of the obtained beef is poor. In the aspect of feeding roughage, dry straws such as rice straws are taken as the main materials, the roughage is generally required to be fed freely, the dry straws such as the rice straws have low nutritional value, poor palatability and low feed intake of beef cattle, and are not beneficial to rumination and rumen digestion (rumen fermentation), additives are required to be added into concentrated feed in order to meet the nutrition of the cattle, in addition, antibiotics and the like are also added into the feed in order to improve the immunity of the cattle, and the cattle bred in the way have poor quality and poor taste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provide a medicine which has fast growth and low morbidity; an ecological breeding method of beef cattle with good quality of the bred beef.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows: an ecological breeding method of beef cattle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and field building: selecting suburbs and flat terrain areas to build cattle farms, wherein the cattle farms comprise cattle shed areas and activity areas; constructing a grassland near the cattle farm, wherein the grassland is a zinc-selenium-rich section, and planting alfalfa and sweet grassiness in the grassland;
(2) feeding management:
a. in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle with age of 6-12 months and weight of 100-200kg, and adopting a semi-open breeding mode, namely: feeding fresh forage and supplementary feed twice a day, wherein 1-2kg of forage is fed to the cattle every time, and then 3-5kg of supplementary feed is fed; regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 2-3 hours every day; the cattle are driven to a grassland for 2-3 times every week, the cattle are not fed with feed before stocking on the same day, the cattle are stocked to the grassland and are allowed to freely eat forage, and the cattle are supplemented with the concentrated feed after being fed to a cattle loop house, wherein the concentrated feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of bean curd residues, 20-30 parts of corn flour, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 1-2 parts of salt and 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, wherein clean drinking water is supplemented in 1-2 hours of feed every time, the feeding amount of the concentrate supplement is not less than 6-10kg per day, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched; the preparation method of the refined feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
b. and (3) in a fattening period: properly reducing the activity of the beef cattle, regularly driving the beef cattle to an activity area for 1-2 hours every day, driving the beef cattle to a grassland for 1 time every week, and feeding the beef cattle with forage; feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement and the coarse fodder twice every day, feeding the coarse fodder firstly and then feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement, wherein the coarse fodder is fed 1-2kg each time, and the fattening concentrated feed supplement is 4-6 kg; the coarse fodder is prepared from fresh grass and silage corn according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the fattening concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of bean curd residue, 10-20 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of vinasse, 15-20 parts of rice bran, 1-2 parts of salt and 1-2 parts of baking soda, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched; the preparation method of the fertilizer-raising essence feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the distiller's grains, the salt and the baking soda;
c. and (3) in the later fattening period: regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 0.5-1 hour every day, feeding fattening concentrated feed and silage corn feed every day, feeding silage corn feed first and then feeding fattening concentrated feed, feeding silage corn 2-5kg and fattening concentrated feed 6-10kg for each cattle every time, and ensuring that the cattle can drink enough drinking water; the weight components of the concentrated feed for fattening comprise: 70-80 parts of bean dregs, 3-7 parts of rice bran, 13-18 parts of corn flour, 1-2 parts of salt and 1-2 parts of baking soda; uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
(3) daily management: the excrement and urine are removed regularly, the mosquito and mouse killing work is carried out, the cowshed and the moving area are disinfected 2-3 times every week, and the disease epidemic prevention work is well carried out; ventilating and cooling in summer, and preserving heat in winter, wherein the temperature of the colony house in summer is not higher than 28 ℃, and the temperature of the colony house in winter is not lower than 5 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (1), the area of the cowshed area is designed according to 3-5 square meters of each cow, and the area of the moving area is designed according to 20-60 square meters of each cow.
Preferably, the sterilization in the step (3) comprises alternately spraying sterilization of the cowshed and the sports field with a disinfectant in which a 2% potassium permanganate solution and 5% lime milk are mixed after the cowshed and the sports field are thoroughly cleaned.
Preferably, the herbal additive comprises astragalus, sophora flavescens, artemisia apiacea, agastache rugosus, honeysuckle, betel nut, dandelion and plantain, wherein the mass ratio of the astragalus to the sophora flavescens, the artemisia apiacea, the agastache rugosus, the honeysuckle, the betel nut, the dandelion and the plantain is 2:2:1:1:1:1: 1.
Preferably, the method for adding the herbal additive comprises the following steps: weighing radix astragali, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Agastaches, flos Lonicerae, Arecae semen, herba Taraxaci and herba plantaginis according to a certain proportion, pulverizing the above materials, decocting in water for 3 times, mixing decoctions, and mixing with the fine supplement material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the cattle farm and the grassland are reasonably planned, the cattle farm comprises a cattle shed area and an activity area, so that the cattle can have rest and move conveniently, alfalfa and sweet grassiness are planted in the zinc-selenium-rich section, the planted grassiness is also inevitably rich in zinc and selenium, when the cattle eat the grassiness, the zinc and selenium are inevitably taken in, and the zinc-selenium intake mode is safe and environment-friendly;
2. the beef cattle can fully absorb required nutrient elements in each growth stage through reasonable feeding and management in each growth stage of the beef cattle, so that the normal growth of the beef cattle is ensured, and meanwhile, Chinese herbal medicines are scientifically matched in the feed, so that the weight and the body immunity of the beef cattle are improved, and the healthy growth of the beef cattle is ensured; the feed fed in the feeding process does not contain any additive, so that the quality of the beef is guaranteed to the maximum extent; by applying the manner of combining circle cultivation and stocking, the requirement of feed nutrition can be met, the daily exercise amount of beef cattle is ensured, the beef fat deposition is rich, the fiber is fine and compact, and the beef quality is good;
3. by adding the concentrated feed, various beneficial products are produced after the concentrated feed is fermented, mycoprotein ingredients and other beneficial ingredients in the feed are improved, the feed has good palatability, and the appetite of beef cattle eating is enhanced; the probiotics are propagated in the rumen and intestinal tracts of the beef cattle in a large quantity, so that the digestion of feed can be promoted, the ecological balance of the intestinal tracts can be maintained, a biological protection barrier is generated, and the immunity and disease resistance of the beef cattle are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
an ecological breeding method of beef cattle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and field building: selecting suburbs and terrain-flat zones to construct a cattle farm, wherein the cattle farm comprises a cattle shed area and an active area, the area of the cattle shed area is designed according to 3-5 square meters of each cattle, the area of the active area is designed according to 20-60 square meters of each cattle, and sufficient rest space and movement space of the cattle without the cattle are ensured; constructing a grassland near the cattle farm, wherein the grassland is a zinc-selenium-rich section, and planting alfalfa and sweet grassiness in the grassland;
(2) feeding management:
a. in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle with age of 6-12 months and weight of 100-200kg, and adopting a semi-open breeding mode, namely: feeding fresh forage and supplementary feed twice a day, wherein 1-2kg of forage is fed to the cattle every time, and then 3-5kg of supplementary feed is fed; regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 2-3 hours every day; the cattle are driven to a grassland for 2-3 times every week, the cattle are not fed with feed before stocking on the same day, the cattle are stocked to the grassland and are allowed to freely eat forage, and the cattle are supplemented with the concentrated feed after being fed to a cattle loop house, wherein the concentrated feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of bean curd residues, 30 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 20 parts of rice bran, 1 part of salt and 1 part of baking soda, wherein clean drinking water is supplemented within 1-2 hours of feeding the feed each time, the feeding amount of the concentrate supplement is not less than 6-10kg per day, and the concentrate supplement is matched with a Chinese herbal medicine additive, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive consists of astragalus mongholicus, sophora flavescens, artemisia apiacea, agastache rugosus, honeysuckle, areca catechu, dandelion and plantain herb, wherein the mass ratio of the astragalus mongholicus, the sophora flavescens, the artemisia apiacea, the agastache rugosus, the honeysuckle, the areca catechu, the dandelion and the plantain herb is; the addition method of the herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: weighing radix astragali, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Agastaches, flos Lonicerae, Arecae semen, herba Taraxaci and herba plantaginis according to a certain proportion, pulverizing the above materials, decocting in water for 3 times, mixing decoctions, and mixing with the fine material; the preparation method of the refined feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
b. and (3) in a fattening period: properly reducing the activity of the beef cattle, regularly driving the beef cattle to an activity area for 1-2 hours every day, driving the beef cattle to a grassland for 1 time every week, and feeding the beef cattle with forage; feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement and the coarse fodder twice every day, feeding the coarse fodder firstly and then feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement, wherein the coarse fodder is fed 1-2kg each time, and the fattening concentrated feed supplement is 4-6 kg; the coarse fodder is prepared from fresh grass and silage corn according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the fattening concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of bean curd residues, 10 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of vinasse, 20 parts of rice bran, 1 part of salt and 1 part of baking soda, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched in the same manner as the feeding manner in the early fattening period; the preparation method of the fertilizer-raising essence feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the distiller's grains, the salt and the baking soda;
c. and (3) in the later fattening period: regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 0.5-1 hour every day, feeding fattening concentrated feed and silage corn feed every day, feeding silage corn feed first and then feeding fattening concentrated feed, feeding silage corn 2-5kg and fattening concentrated feed 6-10kg for each cattle every time, and ensuring that the cattle can drink enough drinking water; the weight components of the concentrated feed for fattening comprise: 70 parts of bean dregs, 3 parts of rice bran, 17 parts of corn flour, 1 part of salt and 1 part of baking soda; uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
(3) daily management: the method comprises the following steps of regularly doing excrement removal, killing mosquitoes and mice, and disinfecting a cowshed and an activity area for 2-3 times every week, wherein the disinfection comprises the step of carrying out alternate spray disinfection on the cowshed and a sports ground by using a disinfectant mixed by 2% of potassium permanganate solution and 5% of lime milk after the cowshed area and the activity area are thoroughly cleaned; the disease epidemic prevention work is well done; ventilating and cooling in summer, and preserving heat in winter, wherein the temperature of the colony house in summer is not higher than 28 ℃, and the temperature of the colony house in winter is not lower than 5 ℃.
Example 2:
an ecological breeding method of beef cattle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and field building: selecting suburbs and terrain-flat zones to construct a cattle farm, wherein the cattle farm comprises a cattle shed area and an active area, the area of the cattle shed area is designed according to 3-5 square meters of each cattle, the area of the active area is designed according to 20-60 square meters of each cattle, and sufficient rest space and movement space of the cattle without the cattle are ensured; constructing a grassland near the cattle farm, wherein the grassland is a zinc-selenium-rich section, and planting alfalfa and sweet grassiness in the grassland;
(2) feeding management:
a. in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle with age of 6-12 months and weight of 100-200kg, and adopting a semi-open breeding mode, namely: feeding fresh forage and supplementary feed twice a day, wherein 1-2kg of forage is fed to the cattle every time, and then 3-5kg of supplementary feed is fed; regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 2-3 hours every day; the cattle are driven to a grassland for 2-3 times every week, the cattle are not fed with feed before stocking on the same day, the cattle are stocked to the grassland and are allowed to freely eat forage, and the cattle are supplemented with the concentrated feed after being fed to a cattle loop house, wherein the concentrated feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of bean curd residue, 25 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 2 parts of salt and 2 parts of baking soda, wherein clean drinking water is supplemented within 1-2 hours of feeding the feed every time, the feeding amount of the concentrate supplement is not less than 6-10kg per day, and the concentrate supplement is matched with a Chinese herbal medicine additive, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive consists of astragalus membranaceus, sophora flavescens, artemisia apiacea, agastache rugosus, honeysuckle, areca catechu, dandelion and plantain herb, wherein the mass ratio of the astragalus membranaceus, the sophora flavescens, the artemisia apiacea, the agastache rugosus, the honeysuckle, the areca catechu, the dandelion and the plantain herb; the addition method of the herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: weighing radix astragali, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Agastaches, flos Lonicerae, Arecae semen, herba Taraxaci and herba plantaginis according to a certain proportion, pulverizing the above materials, decocting in water for 3 times, mixing decoctions, and mixing with the fine material; the preparation method of the refined feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
b. and (3) in a fattening period: properly reducing the activity of the beef cattle, regularly driving the beef cattle to an activity area for 1-2 hours every day, driving the beef cattle to a grassland for 1 time every week, and feeding the beef cattle with forage; feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement and the coarse fodder twice every day, feeding the coarse fodder firstly and then feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement, wherein the coarse fodder is fed 1-2kg each time, and the fattening concentrated feed supplement is 4-6 kg; the coarse fodder is prepared from fresh grass and silage corn according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the fattening concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of bean curd residues, 15 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of rice bran, 2 parts of salt and 2 parts of baking soda, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched in the same manner as the Chinese herbal medicine additives at the early stage of fattening; the preparation method of the fertilizer-raising essence feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the distiller's grains, the salt and the baking soda;
c. and (3) in the later fattening period: regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 0.5-1 hour every day, feeding fattening concentrated feed and silage corn feed every day, feeding silage corn feed first and then feeding fattening concentrated feed, feeding silage corn 2-5kg and fattening concentrated feed 6-10kg for each cattle every time, and ensuring that the cattle can drink enough drinking water; the weight components of the concentrated feed for fattening comprise: 75 parts of bean dregs, 5 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of salt and 2 parts of baking soda; uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
(3) daily management: the method comprises the following steps of regularly doing excrement removal, killing mosquitoes and mice, and disinfecting a cowshed and an activity area for 2-3 times every week, wherein the disinfection comprises the step of carrying out alternate spray disinfection on the cowshed and a sports ground by using a disinfectant mixed by 2% of potassium permanganate solution and 5% of lime milk after the cowshed area and the activity area are thoroughly cleaned; the disease epidemic prevention work is well done; ventilating and cooling in summer, and preserving heat in winter, wherein the temperature of the colony house in summer is not higher than 28 ℃, and the temperature of the colony house in winter is not lower than 5 ℃.
Example 3:
an ecological breeding method of beef cattle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and field building: selecting suburbs and terrain-flat zones to construct a cattle farm, wherein the cattle farm comprises a cattle shed area and an active area, the area of the cattle shed area is designed according to 3-5 square meters of each cattle, the area of the active area is designed according to 20-60 square meters of each cattle, and sufficient rest space and movement space of the cattle without the cattle are ensured; constructing a grassland near the cattle farm, wherein the grassland is a zinc-selenium-rich section, and planting alfalfa and sweet grassiness in the grassland;
(2) feeding management:
a. in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle with age of 6-12 months and weight of 100-200kg, and adopting a semi-open breeding mode, namely: feeding fresh forage and supplementary feed twice a day, wherein 1-2kg of forage is fed to the cattle every time, and then 3-5kg of supplementary feed is fed; regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 2-3 hours every day; the cattle are driven to a grassland for 2-3 times every week, the cattle are not fed with feed before stocking on the same day, the cattle are stocked to the grassland and are allowed to freely eat forage, and the cattle are supplemented with the concentrated feed after being fed to a cattle loop house, wherein the concentrated feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of bean curd residue, 20 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10-parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of salt and 1.5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, wherein clean drinking water is supplemented within 1-2 hours after each feed is fed, the feeding amount of the concentrate supplement is not less than 6-10kg per head per day, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additives comprise astragalus mongholicus, sophora flavescens, artemisia apiacea, agastache rugosus, honeysuckle, areca catechu, dandelion and plantain herb, and the mass ratio of the astragalus mongholicus, the sophora flavescens, the artemisia apiacea, the agastache rugosus, the honeysuckle, the areca catechu, the dandelion and the plantain herb is 2:2: 1; the addition method of the herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: weighing radix astragali, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Agastaches, flos Lonicerae, Arecae semen, herba Taraxaci and herba plantaginis according to a certain proportion, pulverizing the above materials, decocting in water for 3 times, mixing decoctions, and mixing with the fine material; the preparation method of the refined feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
b. and (3) in a fattening period: properly reducing the activity of the beef cattle, regularly driving the beef cattle to an activity area for 1-2 hours every day, driving the beef cattle to a grassland for 1 time every week, and feeding the beef cattle with forage; feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement and the coarse fodder twice every day, feeding the coarse fodder firstly and then feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement, wherein the coarse fodder is fed 1-2kg each time, and the fattening concentrated feed supplement is 4-6 kg; the coarse fodder is prepared from fresh grass and silage corn according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the fattening concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of bean curd residues, 10 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of salt and 1.5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched in the same manner as the Chinese herbal medicine additives at the early stage of fattening; the preparation method of the fertilizer-raising essence feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the distiller's grains, the salt and the baking soda;
c. and (3) in the later fattening period: regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 0.5-1 hour every day, feeding fattening concentrated feed and silage corn feed every day, feeding silage corn feed first and then feeding fattening concentrated feed, feeding silage corn 2-5kg and fattening concentrated feed 6-10kg for each cattle every time, and ensuring that the cattle can drink enough drinking water; the weight components of the concentrated feed for fattening comprise: 80 parts of bean dregs, 3 parts of rice bran, 17 parts of corn flour, 1.5 parts of salt and 1.5 parts of baking soda; uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
(3) daily management: the method comprises the following steps of regularly doing excrement removal, killing mosquitoes and mice, and disinfecting a cowshed and an activity area for 2-3 times every week, wherein the disinfection comprises the step of carrying out alternate spray disinfection on the cowshed and a sports ground by using a disinfectant mixed by 2% of potassium permanganate solution and 5% of lime milk after the cowshed area and the activity area are thoroughly cleaned; the disease epidemic prevention work is well done; ventilating and cooling in summer, and preserving heat in winter, wherein the temperature of the colony house in summer is not higher than 28 ℃, and the temperature of the colony house in winter is not lower than 5 ℃.
Test example
1.1 test animal (beef cattle)
In order to verify that the feed provided by the invention has a good effect on feeding beef cattle, a batch of beef cattle with similar month age (6-12 months age), strong physique, weight of about 150kg and good development is randomly divided into 4 groups, each group has 5 heads, the beef cattle are sequentially divided into a test group 1, a test group 2, a test group 3 and a control group, and under the condition of consistent other daily management, the test group 1, the test group 2 and the test group 3 are fed according to the feeding modes of the embodiments 1 to 3; the control group comprises the following refined materials in percentage by weight: feeding certain coarse materials on the basis of 45% of soybean meal, 10% of oil cakes, 30% of corn flour, 5% of rice bran, 5% of wheat bran and 5% of vinasse, wherein the coarse materials are straws or forage materials; the concentrate does not undergo fermentation; the feeding amount and the feeding mode of the control group are consistent with those of the test group, wherein the movement mode of the cattle in the feeding process is also consistent with that of the test group, but the cattle are not put in the breeding process, so that the cattle can eat forage;
1.2 Breeding management
During the test period of the beef cattle, the beef cattle house and the crib are cleaned and strictly disinfected according to the conventional feeding management, the beef cattle expel insects and the conventional immunity are realized. Then the test period is entered, and the test period is 60 days. Initial and final weight and incidence rates of each group of beef cattle were recorded, beef quality was tested after slaughter, growth of beef cattle was observed during the test, and the like.
Table 1 shows the test results
| Item | Test group 1 | Test group 2 | Test group 3 | Control group |
| Initial weight (kg) | 153.2 | 155.7 | 149.2 | 151.3 |
| Average weight of powder (kg) | 244.5 | 252.7 | 244.2 | 223.5 |
| Meat quality | Good effect | Good effect | Good effect | Meat quality is poor |
| Taste of the product | Good effect | Good effect | Good effect | Has poor taste |
| Incidence (%) | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 16.3 |
1.3 results and discussion
As can be seen from the above table, the daily gain, meat quality and taste ratio of the test groups 1 to 3 of the invention are superior to those of the control group, and in addition, the morbidity of the test groups 1 to 3 is lower than that of the control group, which indicates that the beef cattle feed of the invention has good effects in the aspects of improving the resistance of beef cattle, reducing the morbidity of beef cattle and improving the conversion rate of beef cattle feed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. An ecological breeding method for beef cattle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) site selection and field building: selecting suburbs and flat terrain areas to build cattle farms, wherein the cattle farms comprise cattle shed areas and activity areas; constructing a grassland near the cattle farm, wherein the grassland is a zinc-selenium-rich section, and planting alfalfa and sweet grassiness in the grassland;
(2) feeding management:
a. in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle with age of 6-12 months and weight of 100-200kg, and adopting a semi-open breeding mode, namely: feeding fresh forage and supplementary feed twice a day, wherein 1-2kg of forage is fed to the cattle every time, and then 3-5kg of supplementary feed is fed; regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 2-3 hours every day; the cattle are driven to a grassland for 2-3 times every week, the cattle are not fed with feed before stocking on the same day, the cattle are stocked to the grassland and are allowed to freely eat forage, and the cattle are supplemented with the concentrated feed after being fed to a cattle loop house, wherein the concentrated feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of bean curd residues, 20-30 parts of corn flour, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-20 parts of rice bran, 1-2 parts of salt and 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, wherein clean drinking water is supplemented in 1-2 hours of feed every time, the feeding amount of the concentrate supplement is not less than 6-10kg per day, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched; the preparation method of the refined feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
b. and (3) in a fattening period: properly reducing the activity of the beef cattle, regularly driving the beef cattle to an activity area for 1-2 hours every day, driving the beef cattle to a grassland for 1 time every week, and feeding the beef cattle with forage; feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement and the coarse fodder twice every day, feeding the coarse fodder firstly and then feeding the fattening concentrated feed supplement, wherein the coarse fodder is fed 1-2kg each time, and the fattening concentrated feed supplement is 4-6 kg; the coarse fodder is prepared from fresh grass and silage corn according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the fattening concentrate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of bean curd residue, 10-20 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of vinasse, 15-20 parts of rice bran, 1-2 parts of salt and 1-2 parts of baking soda, and Chinese herbal medicine additives are matched; the preparation method of the fertilizer-raising essence feed supplement comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the distiller's grains, the salt and the baking soda;
c. and (3) in the later fattening period: regularly driving the cattle to an active area for 0.5-1 hour every day, feeding fattening concentrated feed and silage corn feed every day, feeding silage corn feed first and then feeding fattening concentrated feed, feeding silage corn 2-5kg and fattening concentrated feed 6-10kg for each cattle every time, and ensuring that the cattle can drink enough drinking water; the weight components of the concentrated feed for fattening comprise: 70-80 parts of bean dregs, 3-7 parts of rice bran, 13-18 parts of corn flour, 1-2 parts of salt and 1-2 parts of baking soda; uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the distiller's yeast, fermenting to obtain a fermented product, and uniformly mixing the fermented product with the salt and the baking soda;
(3) daily management: the excrement and urine are removed regularly, the mosquito and mouse killing work is carried out, the cowshed and the moving area are disinfected 2-3 times every week, and the disease epidemic prevention work is well carried out; ventilating and cooling in summer, and preserving heat in winter, wherein the temperature of the colony house in summer is not higher than 28 ℃, and the temperature of the colony house in winter is not lower than 5 ℃.
2. The ecological beef cattle breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the area of the cattle shed area is designed to be 3-5 square meters per head of cattle, and the area of the moving area is designed to be 20-60 square meters per head of cattle.
3. The ecological beef cattle breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization in step (3) comprises alternate spray sterilization of the cowshed and the sports ground with a disinfectant mixture of 2% potassium permanganate solution and 5% lime milk after the cowshed and the sports ground are thoroughly cleaned.
4. The ecological beef cattle breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the herbal additive comprises astragalus membranaceus, sophora flavescens, artemisia apiacea, agastache rugosa, honeysuckle, areca catechu, dandelion and plantain, wherein the mass ratio of the astragalus membranaceus, the sophora flavescens, the artemisia apiacea, the agastache rugosa, the honeysuckle, the areca catechu, the dandelion and the plantain is 2:2:1:1:1:1: 1.
5. The ecological beef cattle breeding method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the herbal additive is added by the following method: weighing radix astragali, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Agastaches, flos Lonicerae, Arecae semen, herba Taraxaci and herba plantaginis according to a certain proportion, pulverizing the above materials, decocting in water for 3 times, mixing decoctions, and mixing with the fine supplement material.
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