CN109077017A - Method for breeding cool-season yaks in high-altitude areas through region coupling - Google Patents
Method for breeding cool-season yaks in high-altitude areas through region coupling Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
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- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
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- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding cool-season yaks in a region-coupled high-altitude area, which comprises the steps of forage preparation, pasture selection, parasite expelling, stomach invigorating, grazing in the daytime, supplementary feeding at night and the like; wherein, the forage preparation is to plant forage grass in a low-altitude area, dry the forage grass in the sun and transport the forage grass to a high-altitude area for use as forage; the insect expelling and stomach strengthening are carried out before the supplementary feeding in cold seasons, and the insect expelling and stomach strengthening are divided into two stages; the supplementary feeding at night is carried out according to the standard that each yak is fed with 3 kg of food materials, the food materials comprise concentrated materials and forage materials, and the yaks freely lick the lick blocks after feeding. By adopting the method, the problem of forage shortage in cold seasons can be effectively solved, the weight increase of yaks is fully ensured, and the economic benefit can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to livestock cultural technique fields, and in particular to a kind of high altitude localities cold season yak of region couples is feeding
Grow method.
Background technique
Northern Tibet Plateau is located at China's North Xizang, is located in Qinghai-Tibet core space, 4500 m or more of mean sea level, is China
And the ecological safe shelter zone and wa- ter resources strategy of Asia continent ensure one of base.For a long time, grassland agriculture is Zang Beigao
The autonomous industry of former developing national economy, 80% or more and the vast Tibetan Herdsmen masses for accounting for entire national economy income rely
With the conventional industries of survival and development.Since Northern Tibet Plateau height above sea level (> 4500 m), very cold, winter are very long, natural meadow
Productivity is lower and Growing season is shorter (5 ~ September), so that winter-spring season fodder grass wretched insufficiency, Northern Tibet Plateau livestock are in for a long time
The severe situation of " summer is strong, autumn fertilizer, the winter is thin, the spring is weary ".
In recent years, under the big background of climate change, in addition overgrazing under the equal movable collective effect of the mankind, Changtang is high
Former Alpine Grasslands are seriously degenerated on a large scale, and degeneration grassland area reaches the 58.2% of the meadow gross area.Northern praire land is hidden to degenerate
And its primary productibility of grassland decline, the load poultry pressure on natural grassland is aggravated, so that the traditional pastoral area cold season grass in hiding north raises contradiction
It is increasingly serious, and the Northern Tibet Plateau cold season time is long (May November to next year), and cold season forage shortage causes yak nutrition tight
Weight is insufficient, weight sharp fall.Currently, supplementation is carried out to yak generally by the way of artificial growth forage grass, but
It is that due to Northern Tibet Plateau height above sea level, natural conditions are harsh, ecology fragility, carry out Planting Grass technical difficulty and cost is larger, difficult
Forage grass shortage problem is solved to build the artificial forage grass base of large area, not can effectively solve asking for yak cold season raising difficulty
Topic.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples,
To solve the difficult technical problem of yak cold season raising.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of High aititude of region couples is provided
Area's cold season yak cultural method, cold season terminate since November to May next year, comprising the following steps:
(1) forage prepares: harvesting, planting is dried to that water content is lower than 30% in the oat forage grass of low altitude area, then
It is spare to fill library to high altitude localities for transport；
(2) it selects pasture: in the plateau band of 4500 m or more of height above sea level, selecting the high grass in the hiding to grow fine or carex moorcroftii grassy marshland
It is sealed, as pasture；
(3) expelling parasite stomach invigorating: enter before cold season 7 ~ 10 days, give yak feeding anthelmintic with forage, expelling parasite survival dose is with 100 kg bodies
Subject to 500 mg medicament of weight feeding；3 days before cold season, feeding drink stomachic tonic to yak with drinking-water one dose per day even served three days；
(4) daytime herds: after entering cold season, yak being rushed to pasture in 10 AM, 5 PM, which is returned, herds；
(5) night supplementary feeding: returning after herding 3 ~ 4 h, carries out supplementary feeding by the standard of every 3 kg foodstuff of yak feeding；Foodstuff used in supplementary feeding
Including fine fodder and forage, the mass ratio of fine fodder and forage is 1:2 ~ 4, and the forage is before feeding by bacillus subtilis
Reason；After feeding foodstuff, brick is freely licked.
The present invention by adjust cold season yak feeding manner, the season open air that turns cold herd for " half drylot feeding+expelling parasite stomach invigorating+lick brick+
Supplementary feeding " mode not only can avoid yak cold season and lose flesh, but also can guarantee the duration growth of grassland herbage, energy to the greatest extent
Enough the problems such as effectively avoiding soil erosion.Specifically:
The present invention is planted forage grass in low altitude area, is then transported herbage to High aititude by the way of " low natural plant height is herded "
Area as forage to yak carry out supplementary feeding, can solve due to high altitude localities natural ecology is harsh, ecology fragility and be not suitable for
It carries out large area and plants forage grass, and then lead to the problem of extremely frigid zones forage grass shortage, also can reduce the grazing pressure of native pasture
With promotion degeneration meadow spontaneous recovery.From the point of view of the topography profile in China, the low altitude area topography of 3000 ~ 4000 m in Tibet
Relatively flat, temperature is also relatively mild in the region, is suitble to large area to plant herbaceous plant, also has abundance after forage harvesting
Illumination be dried to water content lower than 30%, conducive to the cold season preservation of forage；Moreover, the region distance yak raise area compared with
Closely, it is whether transported by highway transportation or train, can within a short period of time be transported forage to high altitude localities, transport
Cost is relatively low, and economic benefit is good.
In the present invention, before starting to carry out cold-worked hole, first treats the yak that supplementary feeding arrives and carry out expelling parasite stomach invigorating processing.Expelling parasite
The helminth of yak alimentary canal infection can be eliminated, yak enhances the resistivity of various diseases, can effectively control local stream
The generation of row sexually transmitted disease；Stomach invigorating can improve Rumen Internal Environment, promote yak to coarse-fibred digestibility and utilization and nutriment
It absorbs, is remarkably improved the absorptivity of foodstuff, meanwhile, stomach invigorating has good prevention effect, the feed of yak cold season to the tripe that rises, having indigestion
Amount improves.
In the present invention, cold season grazing time on daytime is unsuitable too long, because cold season belongs to herbage non-growing period, grassland is edible to be herded
Grass is less, suitably shortening grazing time, can reduce the grazing pressure on grassland, not will cause herbage and disappears and cause soil erosion
Problem.
In the present invention, in night supplementary feeding, feeding coarse fodder and forage are mixed, and freely lick brick, coarse fodder mentions for yak
For crude fibre, fine fodder provides nutriment for yak, licks brick for yak and provides microelement, and fine fodder, coarse fodder are combined with licking brick,
It can guarantee yak healthy growth, while laying on meat.Forage in the present invention is handled before feeding with bacillus subtilis, withered grass
Bacillus enters in yak body with forage, and bacillus subtilis consumes rapidly the free oxygen in enteron aisle, causes enteron aisle low
Oxygen promotes to grow beneficial to anaerobic bacteria, and generates the organic acids such as lactic acid, reduces gut pH, inhibits other pathogenic bacteria indirectly
Growth；In addition, bacillus subtilis can stimulate the growth and development of yak immune organ, the immunocompetence of group is improved, meanwhile, it is withered
The enzymes such as careless bacillus thallus itself synthesis alpha-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, in alimentary canal with yak
Intracorporal digestive ferment plays a role together, can increase substantially the digestion and absorption of nutriment.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, oat forage grass is planted to obtain by following steps in step (1):
A, choose seeds: selection high yield, cold-resistant breeding, seed grain of being subject to are full and lossless disease-free；
B, plot selection and processing: smooth plot is selected in the plateau band of 3000 ~ 4000 m of height above sea level, with 1500 ~ 2000 kg/
The dosage of mu spreads fertilizer over the fields organic fertilizer, then turns over, harrows mill；
C, it sows: starting to sow in late April, before sowing seed is first impregnated to 2 ~ 3 h in warm water, then mixed with seed dressing
It is even；Seeding method is seeder program request or artificial broadcast, and thickness of sowing is 50 ~ 60 kg/ mus；After planting, plantation plot is carried out
Suppression processing, submerges seed in soil；
D, field management: after the completion of sowing, with 30 ~ 40 kg/ mus of dosage Nitrogen Top Dressing；It is grown in seedling germination period and young crops
Season is primary every 10 ~ 15 days watering Irrigations；One heart stage of three leaves, imposes compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, the quality hundred of nitrogen in the compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer
Divide than being 50 ~ 60 wt%, the mass percent of phosphorus is 40 ~ 50 wt%；
E, it gathers in: oat plant once being cradled in the middle ten days and the last ten days in July, 10 ~ 15 cm of toothing when once cradling, then to swallow
Wheat stubble spraying concentration is the phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer of 1 ~ 2 g/L；Two cuttings, Two cuttings are carried out to oat plant in the middle ten days and the last ten days in September
When, reserved 1/10th oat plant conservation is not cut.
Forage grass is planted in low altitude area in the present invention, can not only increase forage yield, but also can avoid to extremely frigid zones
Ecological disruption is caused, therefore, " low natural plant height is herded " is the very friendly breeding way of a kind of pair of environment.
Further, selected oat varieties is that blueness draws No. 2, Ji mirror 001,9642-2 or dam oats 13 in step A.
Selected in the present invention Avena stivai kind such as blueness draw No. 2, Ji mirror 001,9642-2 or dam oats 13 plant, Pi Yan
Wheat uses mainly as forage grass, and their seedling can endure -2 DEG C ~ -5 DEG C of low temperature, in the height of 3000 ~ 4000 m
Green forage yield is planted in height above sea level region at 3000 kg/ mu or more, with good yielding ability and adaptability.
Further, seed dressing comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 ~ 3 part of imidacloprid, 3 ~ 5 parts and 4 ~ 5 parts of sandy soil of triazolone.
Further, 2 parts of imidacloprid, 3 parts of triazolone and 4 parts of sandy soil.
Imidacloprid in seed dressing is a kind of efficient pesticides, with wide spectrum, efficiently, the characteristic of low toxicity, low-residual, and three
Oxazolone is a kind of fungicide of hypotoxicity.It is dressed seed with both substances to oat seed, can avoid seed is before germination
It is tortured by insect pest or harmful mushroom, germination percentage is fully guaranteed.In addition, also containing sandy soil in seed dressing, it can prevent seed from sending out
Raw to reunite, seeded dispersion is more uniform when sowing, and growing way is more uniform when subsequent plant strain growth.
Further, in the form of sheets, every tablet of medicine weighs 500 mg to anthelmintic, contains 10 ~ 15 mg of AVM hereinafter element bacterium, Albendazole
300~350 mg。
Anthelmintic is made sheet, when dispensing is more convenient.AVM hereinafter element bacterium therein can generate stimulation to helminth,
So that it is free on intestinal tract surface, then Albendazole acts on helminth generation, can kill helminth rapidly and efficiently, reach
To the purpose of expelling parasite.
Further, stomachic tonic is formed by the Traditional medicine infusion of following parts by weight: 1 ~ 2 part of cloves, 2 ~ 4 parts of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and Gorgon fruit 2 ~ 4
Part, 4 ~ 6 parts and 2 ~ 4 parts of Poria cocos of lotus seeds.
Further, in step (5) oat hay processing method are as follows: with concentration be 5 ~ 10 g/L bacillus subtilis it is molten
Liquid spray oat hay, be subject to oat hay surface sufficiently soak and dripless drip；Either first oat hay is cut into
Length is the careless section of 5 cm, and then careless section is put into the bacillus subtilis solution that concentration is 5 ~ 10 g/L and impregnates 5 ~ 10
min。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Forage grass is planted at low altitude area agriculture district (based on the agriculture district of 3000 ~ 4000 m of height above sea level, farming-pastoral region) in the present invention, then
To high altitude localities, the Alpine-arctic Pastoral supplementary feeding Zang Bei livestock constructs the development model of " low natural plant height is herded " of region couples, effectively for allocation and transportation
It solves the problems, such as Alpine-arctic Pastoral forage grass shortage, mitigate natural meadow grazing pressure and promotes degeneration meadow spontaneous recovery, realize
The purpose of " paper eco-industry ".Meanwhile should " low natural plant height is herded " technology mode, effectively improve peasants and herdsmen income, promote Tibet agriculture district with
Pastoral area linkage and accurate poverty alleviation, open the new model of plateau region cooperative development.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is experimental group and control group yak average daily gain comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
Present invention mainly solves the problem that the raising of high altitude localities cold season yak is difficult, used technological means is " low
Natural plant height is herded " then mode allocates and transports that is, in low altitude area planting forage grass to high altitude localities, yak carried out as forage cold
Season supplementary feeding.It is contemplated that transportation cost, planting area cannot be too low, and economic benefit otherwise will be greatly lowered.The high sea in hiding north
Area's mean sea level rise sheer from level ground in 4500 m or more, not only cold season forage shortage, usually plantation forage yield is relatively low, is not able to satisfy cold
Season supplementary feeding demand.Therefore, forage grass planting area is suitably moved down, in more mild and topography relatively flat the low sea of temperature
Rise sheer from level ground area carry out forage grass plantation.
Oat has the plantation of large area as a kind of crops with higher economic value, in China.Oat is in wheat
It is most cold-resistant one kind in crop, seedling can endure -2 DEG C ~ -5 DEG C of low temperature, therefore be suitble to 3000 ~ 4000 m's
It is planted in High aititude region.Existing oat is divided into Avena stivai and two kinds of naked oats, and Avena stivai is mainly used to produce feed forage grass, naked
Oat is mainly used to eat.Several Avena stivai kinds are selected in the present invention, in No. 4 Experimental Bases of Agricultural Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region
Experimental verification, verification process are carried out to the green forage yield of multiple Avena stivai kinds in (3500 m of height above sea level) are as follows: in experimental field
If several cells, cell is 25 row areas, area 4m*5m.The oat of different cultivars, the mu amount of broadcasting are planted in different cells
10 kg, and carry out identical field management.3 m are taken at random to each cell before harvest2Survey production is carried out, measures plant height and to fresh grass
Weighing.Kind used and the results are shown in tables 1.
1 different cultivars Avena stivai of table plants experimentally result
| Kind | Sowing time | Gather in the time | Per mu yield fresh grass (kg) | Average plant height (cm) |
| Ji mirror 001 | Late April | July/the middle ten days and the last ten days in September | 3200 | 130.03 |
| Ji mirror 003 | Late April | July/the middle ten days and the last ten days in September | 2900 | 122.2 |
| 9642-2 | Late April | July/the middle ten days and the last ten days in September | 3000 | 122.05 |
| Blueness draws No. 2 | Late April | July/the middle ten days and the last ten days in September | 3150 | 124.06 |
| It is white to draw swallow No. 1 | Late April | July/the middle ten days and the last ten days in September | 2600 | 86.45 |
As can be seen from the table, in the High aititude region of 3000 ~ 4000 m, the Avena stivai green forage yield of different cultivars not phase
Together.Preferential to select fresh grass per mu yield in 3000 kilograms or more of kind in seeding process, i.e. Ji mirror 001,9642-2 and blueness is drawn
No. 2.
The kind of above-mentioned selection is planted according to following implantation methods:
A, seed selects: sorting the seed of above-mentioned kind, seed grain of being subject to is full and lossless disease-free, makes the pure of final seed
Cleanliness is greater than 95%；
B, plot selection and processing: smooth plot is selected in the plateau band of 3000 ~ 4000 m of height above sea level, plot was preferably planted
The plot of other crops；Then organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields with 1500 ~ 2000 kg/ mus of dosage, organic fertilizer can be sheep dung or yak
Excrement, then plot is turned over, harrows mill processing, there is no the soil blocks that size is greater than 5 cm in plot after having handled；
C, sow: sowing carries out in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May, before being divided into sowing, sowing and after planting three phases；Before sowing
First seed is impregnated into 2 ~ 3 h in the warm water that temperature is 25 ~ 35 DEG C, kind of skin is made to generate certain swelling, it then will kind skin swelling
Seed afterwards is mixed thoroughly with seed dressing, and in order to which seed dressing infiltrates through in seed, seed dressing includes desinsection and Fungicidal substance, such as pyrrole worm
Quinoline and triazolone etc., in addition, in the present invention, can also be mixed including flour or sandy soil in seed dressing in order to which seed is not reunited
The group of kind agent becomes 1 ~ 3 part of imidacloprid, 3 ~ 5 parts of triazolone, 4 ~ 5 parts of sandy soil；When sowing, using seeder program request or artificial broadcast
Mode sowed, when using planting with sowing machine, seeding row spacing be 20 ~ 25 cm, thickness of sowing be 50 ~ 60 kg/ mus；Sowing
Afterwards, suppression processing is carried out to plantation plot, seed is made to submerge 3 cm of soil or so；
D, field management: after the completion of sowing, with 30 ~ 40 kg/ mus of dosage Nitrogen Top Dressing；It is grown in seedling germination period and young crops
Season is primary every 10 ~ 15 days watering Irrigations；One heart stage of three leaves, imposes compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, the quality hundred of nitrogen in the compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer
Divide than being 50 ~ 60 wt%, the mass percent of phosphorus is 40 ~ 50 wt%；
E, it gathers in: in the middle ten days and the last ten days in July when oat plant long up to 100 cm or more, oat plant once being cradled, one
Secondary 10 ~ 15 cm of toothing when cradling, the phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer for being then 1 ~ 2 g/L to oat stubble spraying concentration；In the middle ten days and the last ten days pair in September
Oat plant carries out Two cuttings, and when Two cuttings, reserved 1/10th oat plant conservation is not cut, reserved oat plant
The cold season greenfeed supplement that 3 ~ 4 cow head of single household can not only be met, improves the output of milk, can also be to provide seed next year
One technology mode achieved many things at one stroke.
Below by specific embodiment, yak cold season method for breeding of the invention is described in detail.
Embodiment one
(1) forage prepares: planting blueness according to above-mentioned implantation methods in the region that height above sea level is 3000 ~ 4000 m and draws No. 2 oat product
Kind, oat forage grass is gathered in harvesting season, and be dried to water content lower than 30%, then highway transportation to high altitude localities fills
Library is spare；
(2) it selects pasture: in the plateau band of 4500 m or more of height above sea level, selecting the high grass in the hiding to grow fine or carex moorcroftii grassy marshland
It is sealed, as pasture；
(3) expelling parasite stomach invigorating: entering before cold season 7 days, gives yak feeding anthelmintic with forage, expelling parasite survival dose is fed with 100 kg weight
It eats subject to 500 mg medicaments, in order to which feeding is convenient, the tablet that weight is 500 mg/ pieces is made in anthelmintic, includes in the tablet
AVM hereinafter element bacterium 10 mg, 350 mg of Albendazole；3 days before cold season, drink stomachic tonic is fed to yak with drinking-water, stomachic tonic is Chinese medicine
Decoction even served three days once a day；
(4) daytime herds: after entering cold season, yak being rushed to pasture in 10 AM, 5 PM, which is returned, herds；Cold season is from working as
In November in year, terminate to May next year；
(5) night supplementary feeding: returning after herding 3 h, carries out supplementary feeding by the standard of every 3 kg foodstuff of yak feeding；Foodstuff packet used in supplementary feeding
Include fine fodder and forage, the mass ratio of fine fodder and forage is 1:2, and fine fodder is commercial diet, and forage is 5 g/L with concentration before feeding
Bacillus subtilis solution spraying, be subject to oat hay surface sufficiently soak and dripless drip；After feeding foodstuff, freely
Lick brick.
Embodiment two
(1) forage prepares: planting Ji 001 oat product of mirror according to above-mentioned implantation methods in the region that height above sea level is 3000 ~ 4000 m
Kind, oat forage grass is gathered in harvesting season, and be dried to water content lower than 30%, then railway transportation to high altitude localities fills
Library is spare；
(2) it selects pasture: in the plateau band of 4500 m or more of height above sea level, selecting the high grass in the hiding to grow fine or carex moorcroftii grassy marshland
It is sealed, as pasture；
(3) expelling parasite stomach invigorating: enter before cold season 10 days, give yak feeding anthelmintic with forage, expelling parasite survival dose is with 100 kg weight
Subject to 500 mg medicament of feeding, in order to which feeding is convenient, the tablet that weight is 500 mg/ pieces is made in anthelmintic, is wrapped in the tablet
The bacterium of element containing AVM hereinafter 15 mg, 300 mg of Albendazole；3 days before cold season, drink stomachic tonic is fed to yak with drinking-water, during stomachic tonic is
Medicine decoction even served three days once a day；
(4) daytime herds: after entering cold season, yak being rushed to pasture in 10 AM, 5 PM, which is returned, herds；Cold season is from working as
In November in year, terminate to May next year；
(5) night supplementary feeding: returning after herding 4h, carries out supplementary feeding by the standard of every 3 kg foodstuff of yak feeding；Foodstuff packet used in supplementary feeding
Include fine fodder and forage, the mass ratio of fine fodder and forage is 1:3, and fine fodder is commercial diet, and forage is 8 g/L with concentration before feeding
Bacillus subtilis solution spraying, be subject to oat hay surface sufficiently soak and dripless drip；After feeding foodstuff, freely
Lick brick.
Embodiment three
(1) forage prepares: planting 9642-2 oat product according to above-mentioned implantation methods in the region that height above sea level is 3000 ~ 4000 m
Kind, oat forage grass is gathered in harvesting season, and be dried to water content lower than 30%, then railway transportation to high altitude localities fills
Library is spare；
(2) it selects pasture: in the plateau band of 4500 m or more of height above sea level, selecting the high grass in the hiding to grow fine or carex moorcroftii grassy marshland
It is sealed, as pasture；
(3) expelling parasite stomach invigorating: entering before cold season 7 days, gives yak feeding anthelmintic with forage, expelling parasite survival dose is fed with 100 kg weight
It eats subject to 500 mg medicaments, in order to which feeding is convenient, the tablet that weight is 500 mg/ pieces is made in anthelmintic, includes in the tablet
AVM hereinafter element bacterium 15 mg, 320 mg of Albendazole；3 days before cold season, drink stomachic tonic is fed to yak with drinking-water, stomachic tonic is Chinese medicine
Decoction even served three days once a day；
(4) daytime herds: after entering cold season, yak being rushed to pasture in 10 AM, 5 PM, which is returned, herds；Cold season is from working as
In November in year, terminate to May next year；
(5) night supplementary feeding: returning after herding 4 h, carries out supplementary feeding by the standard of every 3 kg foodstuff of yak feeding；Foodstuff packet used in supplementary feeding
Include fine fodder and forage, the mass ratio of fine fodder and forage is 1:4, and fine fodder is commercial diet, and forage is first cut into length before feeding
Degree is the careless section of 5 cm, and then careless section is put into the bacillus subtilis solution that concentration is 10 g/L and impregnates 8 min.；Feeding
After foodstuff, brick is freely licked.
Interpretation of result
Select 80 health disease-free, age, weight set up the interior yak without significant difference, they are divided into four groups, and carry out
Number, 1 ~ 3 group is experimental group, and the 4th group is control group.To the progress of test group yak, " brick+concentrated feed is licked in half drylot feeding+expelling parasite stomach invigorating+
Supplementary feeding " mode carries out supplementary feeding Experiment On Fattening, and Gui Muhou every daily 3 kg of supplementary feeding foodstuff supplies sufficient drinking-water, freely licks mine
Matter energy licks brick, the forage of 1 ~ No. 3 experimental group difference feeding embodiment one to three kinds of embodiment；Control group is raised in a traditional way
It supports, whole day is herded.Test divides preliminary trial period and positive examination phase.10 d of preliminary trial period, positive to try 90 d of phase, every 30 day morning, weighing (was used on an empty stomach
Electronic scale weighing).Experimental result is as shown in table 2.
2 yak of table weight gain experimental result
| Project | Starting weight (kg) | End weight (kg) | Absolute gain (kg) | The relative weight gain (kg) | Daily gain (g) |
| Experimental group 1 | 249.65±32.11 | 299.58±23.65 | 49.93±2.31 | 20.00±0.98 | 554.8±24.57 |
| Experimental group 2 | 246.40±23.46 | 291.43±18.65 | 45.03±3.25 | 20.90±1.57 | 500.1±21.32 |
| Experimental group 3 | 247.48±31.13 | 298.86±21.06 | 51.38±2.48 | 19.12±2.48 | 570.9±22.58 |
| Control group | 247.56±28.93 | 275.49±21.21 | 27.93±2.51 | 10.23±2.51 | 310.3±23.12 |
In entire feeding period, every yak of experimental group averagely increases live-weight 20kg, calculates by dressing percentage 50%, half drylot feeding yak
Head number is 2194, increases production 21940 kg of fresh meat；Fresh meat presses 80 yuan/kg of market price, and economic benefit reaches 175.52 ten thousand yuan；Every head
Finished cattle internal organ, hide increase by 26.33 ten thousand yuan of income, add up to 201.85 ten thousand yuan of income, head is equal by 120 yuan of output value calculating are increased
Income is 920.01 yuan；453.96 yuan/of supplementary feeding cost is calculated, and head increases income 443.67 yuan.Using the method for breeding in the present invention
The economic benefit of yak can be significantly improved.
Although be described in detail to a specific embodiment of the invention in conjunction with the embodiments, should not be construed as to this
The restriction of the protection scope of patent.In range described by claims, those skilled in the art are without creative work
The various modifications and deformation that can make still belong to the protection scope of this patent.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples, the cold season start from November, terminate in next year five
Month, which comprises the following steps:
(1) forage prepares: harvesting, planting is dried to that water content is lower than 30% in the oat forage grass of low altitude area, then
It is spare to fill library to high altitude localities for transport；
(2) it selects pasture: in the plateau band of 4500 m or more of height above sea level, selecting the high grass in the hiding to grow fine or carex moorcroftii grassy marshland
It is sealed, as pasture；
(3) expelling parasite stomach invigorating: enter before cold season 7 ~ 10 days, give yak feeding anthelmintic with forage, expelling parasite survival dose is with 100 kg bodies
Subject to 500 mg medicament of weight feeding；3 days before cold season, feeding drink stomachic tonic to yak with drinking-water one dose per day even served three days；
(4) daytime herds: after entering cold season, yak being rushed to pasture in 10 AM, 5 PM, which is returned, herds；
(5) night supplementary feeding: returning after herding 3 ~ 4 h, carries out supplementary feeding by the standard of every 3 kg foodstuff of yak feeding；Foodstuff used in supplementary feeding
Including fine fodder and forage, the mass ratio of fine fodder and forage is 1:2 ~ 4, and the forage is before feeding by bacillus subtilis
Reason；After feeding foodstuff, brick is freely licked.
2. the high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) oat forage grass is planted to obtain by following steps in:
A, choose seeds: selection high yield, cold-resistant oat breeding, seed grain of being subject to are full and lossless disease-free；
B, plot selection and processing: smooth plot is selected in the plateau band of 3000 ~ 4000 m of height above sea level, with 1500 ~ 2000 kg/
The dosage of mu spreads fertilizer over the fields organic fertilizer, then turns over, harrows mill；
C, it sows: starting to sow in late April, before sowing seed is first impregnated to 2 ~ 3 h in warm water, then mixed with seed dressing
It is even；Seeding method is seeder program request or artificial broadcast, and thickness of sowing is 50 ~ 60 kg/ mus；After planting, plantation plot is carried out
Suppression processing, submerges seed in soil；
D, field management: after the completion of sowing, with 30 ~ 40 kg/ mus of dosage Nitrogen Top Dressing；It is grown in seedling germination period and young crops
Season is primary every 10 ~ 15 days watering Irrigations；One heart stage of three leaves, imposes compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, the quality hundred of nitrogen in the compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer
Divide than being 50 ~ 60 wt%, the mass percent of phosphorus is 40 ~ 50 wt%；
E, it gathers in: oat plant once being cradled in the middle ten days and the last ten days in July, 10 ~ 15 cm of toothing when once cradling, then to swallow
Wheat stubble spraying concentration is the phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer of 1 ~ 2 g/L；Two cuttings, Two cuttings are carried out to oat plant in the middle ten days and the last ten days in September
When, reserved 1/10th oat plant conservation is not cut.
3. the high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step
Selected oat varieties is that blueness draws No. 2, Ji 001 or 9642-2 of mirror in A.
4. the high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described
Seed dressing comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 ~ 3 part of imidacloprid, 3 ~ 5 parts and 4 ~ 5 parts of sandy soil of triazolone.
5. the high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described
Seed dressing comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of imidacloprid, 3 parts of triazolone and 4 parts of sandy soil.
6. the high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
In the form of sheets, every tablet of medicine weighs 500 mg to anthelmintic, contains 10 ~ 15 mg of AVM hereinafter element bacterium, 300 ~ 350 mg of Albendazole.
7. the high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Stomachic tonic is formed by the Traditional medicine infusion of following parts by weight: 1 ~ 2 part of cloves, 2 ~ 4 parts of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and 2 ~ 4 parts of Gorgon fruit, 4 ~ 6 parts of lotus seeds and Fu
2 ~ 4 parts of Siberian cocklebur.
8. the high altitude localities cold season yak cultural method of region couples according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(5) processing method of oat hay in are as follows: the bacillus subtilis solution spraying oat hay for being 5 ~ 10 g/L with concentration, with swallow
Wheat hay surface sufficiently soak and dripless drippage subject to；Oat hay is first either cut into the careless section that length is 5 cm, so
Careless section is put into the bacillus subtilis solution that concentration is 5 ~ 10 g/L afterwards and impregnates 5 ~ 10 min.
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| CN112273321A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 四川农业大学 | Low-altitude barn feeding fattening method for yaks |
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