CN106343180B - Feed for increasing weight of black goats and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for increasing the body weight of black goats, comprising the following components according to parts by mass: 40-60 parts of corn, 8.55-18.55 parts of wheat bran, 12-20 parts of soybean meal, and 5 parts of rapeseed meal -15 parts, 1 part-10 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 0.5 part-1.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part-0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 part-0.2 part of sodium sulfate, 0.5 part-1.5 part of table salt, trace element premix 0.05-0.15 servings, based on the total mass of the feed for increasing the body weight of the black goat, the feed also includes 10g/50kg of Duowei II, 25g/50kg of lysine, and 50g/50kg of compound enzymes. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a feed for increasing the body weight of black goats.

Description

A kind of feed for increasing the weight of black goat and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of feed processing, and in particular relates to a feed for increasing the body weight of black goats and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, the sheep farming industry in Guizhou Province has achieved certain achievements, but there are also problems such as insufficient nutrition and slow growth of goats, which restrict the sustainable development of the sheep farming industry in Guizhou Province. Goat breeding in Guizhou Province is mainly based on grazing, and the forage production has a great influence with seasonal changes. Especially in winter and spring withered grass seasons, grazing goats consumes too much physical energy and can’t make ends meet, which is not conducive to their growth performance. Therefore, house feeding has gradually become a An option for goat farming. Studies have shown that supplementary feeding can improve the production performance of Guizhou white goats, but there are few reports on the effect of supplementary feeding in Guizhou black goats. The nutrient intake level of goats in regular diets in Guizhou Province needs to be improved, and it also shows that the breeding standards for mutton sheep (2004) are not fully applicable to goat breeding in Guizhou Province.

Based on the fact that Guizhou Province has not yet formulated the feeding standards for black goats for meat, the sheep raising practitioners in Guizhou Province need to formulate their feeding standards according to the feeding and management conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a feed for increasing the weight of black goats and a preparation method thereof. In order to give full play to the growth potential of the goats and improve the feeding efficiency, the present invention has carried out fattening experiments on the goats, with the purpose of Exploring a low-cost feed formula suitable for Guizhou black goats. In the case of grazing, by supplementing feed concentrates and rationally formulating rations, the sheep can take in more nutrients and use more economical input costs to make the goats. Maintain strong metabolic capacity and growth rate, quickly increase body weight in a short period of time and meet the requirements of the market, and increase the slaughter rate.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention discloses a feed for increasing the body weight of black goats, which comprises the following components according to parts by mass: 40-60 parts of corn, 8.55-18.55 parts of wheat bran, and 12-20 parts of soybean meal , rapeseed meal 5-15 parts, chrysanthemum powder 1-10 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5 parts, sodium bicarbonate 0.1-0.3 parts, sodium sulfate 0.1-0.2 parts, salt 0.5-1.5 parts , 0.05 part-0.15 part of trace element premix, based on the total mass of the feed used to increase the weight of black goats, the feed also includes Duowei No. 2 10g/50kg, lysine 25g/50kg, compound enzyme 50g/ 50kg.

The invention also discloses a method for preparing a feed for improving the body weight of black goats, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Select non-mildew and non-rotten feed raw materials, and accurately weigh the following raw materials according to the feed formula: 40-60 parts of corn, 8.55-18.55 parts of wheat bran, 12-20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal- 15 parts, 1 part to 10 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 0.5 part to 1.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part to 0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 part to 0.2 part of sodium sulfate, 0.5 part to 1.5 part of table salt, 0.05 part of trace element premix 10g/50kg of Duowei II, 25g/50kg of lysine, and 50g/50kg of compound enzyme; use a pulverizer to pulverize ;

Step 2. Fully stir the crushed feed raw materials, so that all kinds of crushed raw materials are mixed evenly;

Step 3. Weigh and divide the obtained mixed concentrate, and save it for future use.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can obtain the following technical effects:

1) Compared with only grazing without supplementing the concentrate, the daily gain of the sheep is increased;

2) Shorten the time of sheep slaughtering and improve the economic benefits of raising sheep;

3) Reduce the morbidity and mortality of sheep.

Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all the above-mentioned technical effects at the same time.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:

Fig. 1 is the average weight gain of four groups of test goats of the present invention;

Figure 2 is the average daily weight gain (kg) of the four groups of experimental black goats of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with the following examples, so as to fully understand and implement the implementation process of how to apply technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects of the present invention.

The invention provides a feed for increasing the body weight of black goats, comprising the following components according to parts by mass: 40-60 parts of corn, 8.55-18.55 parts of wheat bran, 12-20 parts of soybean meal, and 5 parts of rapeseed meal- 15 parts, 1 part to 10 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 0.5 part to 1.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part to 0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 part to 0.2 part of sodium sulfate, 0.5 part to 1.5 part of table salt, 0.05 part of trace element premix Based on the total mass of the feed for increasing the body weight of black goats, the feed also includes 10g/50kg of Duowei II, 25g/50kg of lysine and 50g/50kg of compound enzymes.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a feed for improving the body weight of black goats, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Select non-mildew and non-rotten feed raw materials, and accurately weigh the following raw materials according to the feed formula: 40-60 parts of corn, 8.55-18.55 parts of wheat bran, 12-20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal- 15 parts, 1 part to 10 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 0.5 part to 1.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part to 0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 part to 0.2 part of sodium sulfate, 0.5 part to 1.5 part of table salt, 0.05 part of trace element premix 10g/50kg of Duowei II, 25g/50kg of lysine, and 50g/50kg of compound enzyme; use a pulverizer to pulverize ;

Step 2. Fully stir the crushed feed raw materials, so that all kinds of crushed raw materials are mixed evenly;

Step 3. Weigh and divide the obtained mixed concentrate, and save it for future use.

Example 1

Select non-mildew and non-rotten feed raw materials, and accurately weigh the following raw materials according to the feed formula: 50 parts of corn, 8.55 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, carbonic acid 0.2 part of sodium hydrogen, 0.15 part of sodium sulfate, 1 part of table salt, and 0.1 part of trace element premix. Based on the total mass of the feed used to increase the weight of black goats, the feed also includes Duowei II No. 10g/50kg, Lai Amino acid 25g/50kg, compound enzyme 50g/50kg; use a pulverizer to pulverize; fully stir the pulverized feed raw materials to mix all kinds of pulverized raw materials evenly; weigh and divide the obtained mixed concentrate, and save it for later use.

Example 2

Select non-mildew and non-rotten feed raw materials, and accurately weigh the following raw materials according to the feed formula: 40 parts of corn, 18.55 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 1 part of chrysanthemum powder, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, carbonic acid 0.1 part of sodium hydrogen, 0.2 part of sodium sulfate, 0.5 part of table salt, and 0.15 part of trace elements. Based on the total mass of the feed used to increase the weight of black goats, the feed also includes 10g/50kg of Duowei II, 25g of lysine /50kg, compound enzyme 50g/50kg; use a pulverizer to pulverize; fully stir the pulverized feed raw materials to mix all kinds of pulverized raw materials evenly; weigh and divide the obtained mixed concentrate, and save it for later use.

Example 3

Select non-mildew and non-rotten feed raw materials, and accurately weigh the following raw materials according to the feed formula: 60 parts of corn, 13.55 parts of wheat bran, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 0.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, carbonic acid 0.3 part of sodium hydrogen, 0.1 part of sodium sulfate, 1.5 part of table salt, and 0.05 part of trace elements. Based on the total mass of the feed used to increase the weight of black goats, the feed also includes 10g/50kg of Duowei II, 25g of lysine /50kg, compound enzyme 50g/50kg; use a pulverizer to pulverize; fully stir the pulverized feed raw materials to mix all kinds of pulverized raw materials evenly; weigh and divide the obtained mixed concentrate, and save it for later use.

Below in conjunction with concrete experimental process, the technical effect of the present invention is described:

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Materials

1.1.1 Experimental animals

24 Guizhou black goats with similar weight, good health and free grazing were provided by the Eco-Xingnong Farm in Xichong Town, Pan County, Liupanshui City.

1.1.2 Green roughage

Mow your own wild weeds, leaves and cultivated premium ryegrass, sweet sorghum and green corn.

1.1.3 Supplementary feed concentrate

It is prepared from purchased raw materials such as corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, chrysanthemum powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, salt, Duowei II, lysine, compound enzymes and trace elements. concentrate. The composition of the concentrate is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Test diet concentrate composition formula

1.2. Method

1.2.1 The 3 sheep sheds were cleaned, firstly rinsed with water, then disinfected with 1:300 sterilization, and then dried with 1:200 iodine for use.

1.2.2 Feed processing and preparation According to the composition formula of the test ration concentrate in Table 1, various feed raw materials were weighed. First, the corn, soybean meal and rapeseed cake were crushed, and then other raw materials were mixed evenly, and finally gradually mixed with corn, soybean meal and rapeseed cake. The seed cake flour is mixed evenly and distributed. When feeding, add water, mix with wet hands, pinch and loosen, and then it can be fed.

1.2.3 The experimental group selected 24 Guizhou black goats with similar weight, good health and free grazing. Weigh on an empty stomach in the morning, make a record, and fill in the test form. According to the principle of no fighting and similar feeding ability, they were divided into 4 groups: group I, 8 animals, supplemented with 10% chrysanthemum powder instead of 10% wheat bran concentrate; group II, 7 animals, supplemented with 5% chrysanthemum powder instead 5% wheat bran concentrate; 7 animals in group Ⅲ were supplemented with wheat bran concentrate control group; 2 animals in group Ⅳ were fed with grazing control group without supplementary feeding. Among them, the supplementary feeding group had the same basic feed formula, but replaced part of the wheat bran with chrysanthemum powder. All the sheep fed with the supplemented concentrate were fed ad libitum, and the management conditions were the same, and a 30-day feeding comparison experiment was carried out.

1.2.2 The house feeding management test is divided into a preliminary test period and a positive test period. The pre-trial period is 5 days and the positive trial period is 30 days. Before the pre-trial period, albendazole was used to deworm the experimental sheep, and praziquantel was used to deworm the sheep after two weeks; sheeppox vaccine and foot-and-mouth disease vaccine were prepared. During the pre-trial period, the animals were cleaned once a day in the morning and in the afternoon, and they were fed with concentrate for about 2 hours after grazing, and they were fed once. The sheep in each group were fed in the same trough with free access to water. And carry out sheep care, clean the sheep house and other work. The sheep have to be taken care of not only to prevent the loss and theft of the sheep, but also to observe the accidents of the sheep in the sheep barn, including the handling of the legs of the lamb caught in the sheep bed, the sheep's bucket frame, and the treatment of illness. Cleaning According to the management rules of the sheep farm, the weeds in the shed are cleaned every day, the pots and forage racks for supplementary feeding and drinking water are cleaned, the surrounding area of the sheep shed is regularly disinfected, and the manure is cleaned in time and kept away from the sheep shed for fermentation. . It is necessary to fully consider the possible damage caused by the disinfectant to the sheep, and ensure that the disinfection process and before and after disinfection will not cause excessive stress to the sheep. When carrying sheep for disinfection, surfactant-based disinfectants that are non-corrosive and non-toxic to the skin and mucous membranes must be selected, such as Xinjieer, chlorhexidine, Baidu, livestock and poultry safety, etc.; Disinfectants such as bleach, calcium hypochlorite, etc. On the 6th day, it entered the positive trial period according to the feed intake in the pre-trial period, and its feeding management was the same as the pre-trial period except for the constant feeding amount. The management of black goats should be careful and thoughtful, and the sheep house should be kept dry and clean, with sufficient sunlight, fresh air and suitable temperature.

1.2.2 Grazing management

The main terrain of Guizhou Province is mountainous, which is a karst landform. The sparsely populated barren slopes have less soil and more rocks. The limestone rich in calcium carbonate has various shapes. The cliffs are steep and uneven. , covered with a variety of evergreen shrubs, is a free and sufficient goat feed resource in all seasons. Making full use of wild bushes and weeds for grazing and raising sheep has a bright future and is worthy of vigorous promotion.

The organization of the flock should be divided into groups according to breed, sex, health status and production performance. In a flock of the same breed or the same degree of improvement, separate males and females, and then separate big and small sheep into separate groups. For larger-scale breeding farms, a flock of breeding ewes, rams, backup rams, backup ewes and rams for sale should be established. The grazing of males and ewes in the same group is prone to promiscuous mating, which is not conducive to breed improvement; grazing sheep of different sizes and strengths together will affect the healthy development of lambs. For grasslands with complex terrain and poor vegetation, it is not suitable to organize large flocks for grazing, and the grouping of sheep should be smaller.

Goats are herbivorous livestock that mainly feed on branches and leaves, and their grazing fodder mainly relies on shrub resources. This is because goats like the branches and leaves of shrubs for food, and lack of shrubs, when the goats are hungry, they will climb and feed on the branches and leaves of small trees. In some places, it is not difficult to see the phenomenon of young plantations being trampled by goats. As a result, young trees that were prepared to protect the ecological environment were either broken at the waist, or their tops were eaten, resulting in the destruction of young forests. Therefore, when grazing goats, it is not only necessary to keep the sheep full, but also to protect the ecology from being destroyed, and protect the farmers' crops from being wasted by the sheep.

On a sunny day, the weather is hot, and the flock loves to get together and can't get enough to eat. In the way of grazing, go out early in the morning and return early, go out late in the afternoon and return late, and rest more at noon. Grazing should be done in a place where the terrain is high, dry and ventilated or in the shade of the woods to avoid the harassment of sheep and mosquitoes; on cloudy and rainy days, grazing should be done on a flat pasture, and try to avoid heavy rain and heavy rain. In order to prevent the goat from being afraid of thunder falling from the mountain and causing losses, it also ensures personal safety. In addition: the method of adding supplementary feeding is a one-time supplement after grazing.

1.2.3 Data collection and processing

The fasting body weight was measured on the 1st day and the 31st day. Use EXCEL to perform statistics and sorting, calculate the body weight gain during the test period, and obtain the daily weight gain. Statistical analysis of variance was performed with SPSS software to find out the significance among the weight data of black goats.

2. Results and Analysis

2.1 Average weight gain effect

According to the statistics of grazing and supplementary feeding, it can be seen from Table 2 and Figure 1 that the average weight gain of the experimental 10% chrysanthemum pollen group was the fastest, which was 3.51 kg throughout the test period. Compared with the control group without chrysanthemum pollen, the 1.31kg more weight gain. After T test analysis, the average weight gain of 10% chrysanthemum pollen group was significantly better than that of no chrysanthemum pollen group (P<0.05). The 5% chrysanthemum pollen group was 2.63kg, the group without chrysanthemum pollen was 2.20kg, and the weight was increased by 0.43kg. After T test analysis, there was no significant difference between the 5% chrysanthemum pollen group and the no chrysanthemum pollen group (P>0.05). However, the average weight gain of the control group without chrysanthemum pollen (2.20kg) increased by 1.90kg compared with the control group without supplemental feeding (0.30kg). The difference between grazing and feeding control group was very significant (P<0.01).

Analysis: There was no significant difference between the 5% chrysanthemum pollen group and the no chrysanthemum pollen group (P>0.05), while the weight gain of the 10% chrysanthemum pollen group was significantly better than that of the no chrysanthemum pollen group (P<0.05). In the supplementary feed, adding 5% chrysanthemum pollen is not enough, and the weight gain is not obvious; when the proportion of chrysanthemum pollen is 10%, it has obvious effect of promoting growth (p>0.05). The control group without chrysanthemum pollen (2.20kg) increased by 1.90kg compared with the control group (0.30kg) without supplemental feeding. Significant (P<0.01). Once again, it is proved that if Guizhou black goat only relies on the nutrition provided by grazing, it is far from meeting the needs of its growth. If the body weight of the goat is to be increased rapidly in a short period of time and meet the requirements of the market, the slaughter rate will be increased. It is necessary to supplement feed concentrate and rationally formulate rations, so that sheep can take in more nutrients and meet the requirements of weight gain.

Table 2 Weight gain of four groups of experimental goats

2.2 Average daily weight gain effect

According to the analysis in Table 2 and Figure 2, the average daily weight gain of the test 10% chrysanthemum pollen group was the fastest during the whole test period, which was 117.08g, which was 39.75g more than that of the control group (73.33g) without chrysanthemum pollen. . After T test analysis, the average daily weight gain of 10% chrysanthemum pollen group was significantly better than that of no chrysanthemum pollen group (P<0.05). The group with 5% chrysanthemum pollen was 87.38g, and the group without chrysanthemum pollen was 73.33g, and the weight increased by 14.05g. After T test analysis, there was no significant difference between the 5% chrysanthemum pollen group and the no chrysanthemum pollen group (P>0.05). In the same way, the average daily gain of the control group without chrysanthemum pollen (73.33g) increased by 60.33g compared with the average daily gain of the control group (10.00g) with only grazing and no supplementation. The difference of the average daily weight gain between the chrysanthemum pollen control group and the grazing and no supplementary feeding group was very significant (P<0.01).

Analysis: The average daily weight gain of the 5% chrysanthemum pollen group and the group without chrysanthemum pollen was not significantly different (P>0.05), while the average daily gain of the 10% chrysanthemum pollen group was significantly better than that of the group without inulin pollen (P<0.05), which also shows that the addition of 5% chrysanthemum powder in the supplementary feed of Guizhou black goats is not enough to achieve the effect of promoting weight gain. When the proportion of chrysanthemum powder is added to 10%, there is a significant increase. The effect of average daily weight gain. The average daily gain of the control group without chrysanthemum pollen (73.33g) increased by 63.33g compared with the average daily gain of the control group without supplemental feeding (10.00g). The difference between the average daily weight gain and that of the control group with only grazing without supplementary feeding was very significant (P<0.01). It also proves that if Guizhou black goats only rely on the nutrition provided by grazing, it is far from meeting the needs of their growth. If the goat's body weight is to be increased rapidly in a short period of time and meet the requirements of the market, the slaughter rate will be increased. It is necessary to supplement the feed with concentrate to make the sheep take in more nutrients and meet the requirements of weight gain.

3 Conclusions and Improvements

3.1. Conclusion

According to the test results, the average weight gain and average daily weight gain of the 5% chrysanthemum pollen group and the group without chrysanthemum pollen were not significantly different (P>0.05), and the average weight gain and average daily gain effect of the 10% chrysanthemum pollen group It was significantly better than the group without chrysanthemum pollen (P<0.05), indicating that in the supplementary feed of Guizhou black goats, the addition of 5% chrysanthemum pollen was insufficient, while the addition of about 10% chrysanthemum pollen significantly promoted weight gain. Effect. The average daily weight gain and weight gain of the control group without chrysanthemum pollen were significantly increased compared with those of the control group without supplemental feeding. The difference between the weight and the control group with only grazing without supplementary feeding was very significant (P<0.01). It shows that if Guizhou black goat only relies on the nutrition supplied by grazing, it is far from meeting the needs of its growth. If the body weight of the goat is to be increased rapidly in a short period of time and meet the requirements of the market, the slaughter rate will be increased. It is necessary to supplement feed concentrate and rationally formulate rations, so that sheep can take in more nutrients and meet the requirements of weight gain. At the same time, according to this experiment, the designed formula has obvious effect on the weight gain of Guizhou black goats, and has no adverse effects, and is suitable for supplementary feeding of Guizhou black goats. The designed formula is worthy of promotion and continued research.

3.2. Improvements

Due to the limited test conditions, only 2 groups of 10% chrysanthemum powder and 5% chrysanthemum powder were added. The number of groups is relatively limited. The proportion of chrysanthemum pollen has an effect on the weight gain of Guizhou black goats. After adding the proportion of chrysanthemum pollen to 10%, it is the limit of adding. These are places that need to be studied. In addition, within the range of suitable addition, what is the optimal ratio to add.

When the test black goats were grouped together, considering the conditions of the farm, and in order to keep the test goats together less fighting and less stress, the goats were grouped together voluntarily, so the test group added 10% chrysanthemum pollen weighed slightly bigger.

Due to the limited ability and time, this experiment only did research on the effect of average weight gain and average daily weight gain, but did not do research on the disease resistance of inulin, which is also the important value of inulin, and should be used in the test. Statistics on the sickness of the experimental goats are carried out, and then analysis is made to draw conclusions. Hope to do further discussion in the future.

The nutrient components of the main feed chrysanthemum pollen in this experiment are: crude protein 11%-13%, crude fiber 24%-26%, lysine 0.6%, cystine 0.45%, fat 0.6%, lutein 0.02%, calcium 1%, phosphorus 0.2%, moisture less than 12%. According to the experiment of using chrysanthemum pollen as roughage in rabbit feed, it can replace part of alfalfa meal, grass bran and wheat bran. Chrysanthemum powder has the health care function of Chinese herbal medicine, which can improve the disease resistance and reproductive ability of rabbits, relieve the symptoms of chronic respiratory diseases, effectively reduce the use of drugs, and improve the quality of rabbit meat products. As a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum can dispel wind and clear heat, calm the liver and improve eyesight. Its main components are volatile oil, flavonoids, amino acids, and trace elements. The role of chrysanthemum powder: a, antibacterial effect, in vitro against Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Proteus, Typhoid Bacillus, Paratyphoid Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae and other 7 kinds of Gram-negative intestinal Endopathogenic bacteria are completely inhibited. b. Antiviral effect. According to the pharmacology room of Shandong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the eight major commodities of chrysanthemum have been tested against influenza A virus. The results show that all kinds of chrysanthemum have certain antiviral effects. Foreign studies have found that chrysanthemum has different degrees of inhibition on herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), polio virus and measles virus. Compared with the blank group, the plaque formation rate is reduced by 50%.

Chrysanthemum pollen is a by-product of processing. The use of chrysanthemum pollen to make black goat feed not only utilizes by-products from other industries, but also enriches the feed source for black goats in Guizhou. Based on the successful research of chrysanthemum pollen in feeding meat rabbits, we tried to replace part of the wheat bran in the Guizhou black goat concentrate feed with chrysanthemum pollen, so as to improve the dietary nutrition of Guizhou black goats and improve the health and disease resistance of black goats. Improve the fattening effect of Guizhou black goats. Because chrysanthemum powder is a by-product of processing, the price is cheaper than that of wheat bran. Compared with the role of wheat bran in feed, it is even more expensive.

Roughages include hay and straw forages, which have a common feature of being low in nutrients and high in cellulose. The breeding of black goats in Guizhou is based on the principle of saving costs and making full use of local natural resources, combined with the goat's demand for roughage. In addition to wild weeds and leaves, green roughage is mainly artificially planted high-quality forages, such as ryegrass, sweet Sorghum, white clover, alfalfa, etc. Planting grass and raising sheep can not only meet the goat's forage needs at that time, but also use advanced technologies such as silage, micro-storage, and green hay to preserve the feed nutrition, and solve the source of forage during the withering period. Straw feed refers to the stems and leaves of various crops after the seeds are harvested, such as rice straw, corn stalk, soybean stalk, pea vine, peanut vine and other agricultural and sideline products. sheep.

Black goat has four stomachs with different functions, which has relatively high digestion and utilization rate of roughage and good utilization effect of straw feed. Under grazing conditions, natural grassland or artificial grassland can basically meet its nutritional needs. Under house-feeding conditions, roughage can make up the majority of the ration. The cellulose content of roughage is above 30%, which plays a filling role in the digestive tract, promotes gastrointestinal motility and improves digestive function. Therefore, in the ruminant livestock diet, there must be enough roughage in order to give full play to the role of other feeds.

During the experiment, if grazing was sometimes unavailable due to weather and other reasons, the green hay and silage stored by the farm were used for feeding. And remove the leftover residues, feces, etc. in time to keep the sheep house clean and hygienic.

1.1.3 Supplementary feed concentrate

A preliminary investigation on the nutritional status of grazing meat goats found that the protein nutrition level of meat goats was relatively low; in terms of minerals, there was a shortage of sodium, iron and copper were in a critical state, and calcium, magnesium, selenium, manganese, and zinc were not lacking. . Calcium supplementation should also be noted for rapidly growing young goats and lactating ewes. Therefore, in order to give full play to the growth potential of goats, supplementary feeding was carried out after grazing in the afternoon, focusing on the supply of protein and mineral sodium.

Scientific feeding is the technical guarantee for the development of mutton sheep. The growth and development of mutton sheep, like other livestock and poultry, require a certain amount of energy, protein, essential minerals and vitamins in the feed. Therefore, the black goat's diet composition should be diverse, and nutritional elements such as energy, protein, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, etc. should be prepared according to the needs. Try not to add antibacterial drugs to the feed to prevent endogenous infection from destroying the balance of intestinal flora, and to prevent the cultivation of drug-resistant bacteria, which threatens the safety of human life. The supplementary feeding formula is based on the feeding standard of mutton sheep, and the formula of feed nutrition level is formulated in combination with the breed of Guizhou black goat in our province. The concentrate is prepared by using locally available corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, salt and other raw materials. Feed raw materials are required to be of good quality, free from pollution and mildew. Feed containing natural toxins must be detoxified and the dosage must be controlled. Leftovers should be cleaned up in time to prevent corruption. All kinds of illegal drugs and additives are strictly prohibited in livestock and poultry feed to prevent drug residues from causing harm to the human body. The composition of the concentrate is shown in Table 1.

1.2.2 Grazing management

The main terrain of Guizhou Province is mountainous, which is a karst landform. The sparsely populated barren slopes have less soil and more rocks. The limestone rich in calcium carbonate has various shapes. The cliffs are steep and uneven. , covered with a variety of evergreen shrubs, is a free and sufficient goat feed resource in all seasons. Making full use of wild bushes and weeds for grazing and raising sheep has a bright future and is worthy of vigorous promotion.

The organization of the flock should be divided into groups according to breed, sex, health status and production performance. In a flock of the same breed or the same degree of improvement, separate males and females, and then separate big and small sheep into separate groups. For larger-scale breeding farms, a flock of breeding ewes, rams, backup rams, backup ewes and rams for sale should be established. The grazing of males and ewes in the same group is prone to promiscuous mating, which is not conducive to breed improvement; grazing sheep of different sizes and strengths together will affect the healthy development of lambs. For grasslands with complex terrain and poor vegetation, it is not suitable to organize large flocks for grazing, and the grouping of sheep should be smaller.

Goats are herbivorous livestock that mainly feed on branches and leaves, and their grazing feed mainly depends on shrub resources ^[11] . This is because goats like the branches and leaves of shrubs for food, and lack of shrubs, when the goats are hungry, they will climb up and feed on the branches and leaves of small trees. In some places, it is not difficult to see the phenomenon of young plantations being trampled by goats. As a result, young trees that were prepared to protect the ecological environment were either broken at the waist, or their tops were eaten, resulting in the destruction of young forests. Therefore, when grazing goats, it is not only necessary to keep the sheep full, but also to protect the ecology from being destroyed, and protect the farmers' crops from being wasted by the sheep.

On a sunny day, the weather is hot, and the flock loves to get together and can't get enough to eat. In the way of grazing, go out early in the morning and return early, go out late in the afternoon and return late, and rest more at noon. Grazing should be done in a place where the terrain is high, dry and ventilated or in the shade of the woods to avoid the harassment of sheep and mosquitoes; on cloudy and rainy days, grazing should be done on a flat pasture, and try to avoid heavy rain and heavy rain. In order to prevent the goat from being afraid of thunder falling from the mountain and causing losses, it also ensures personal safety. In addition: the method of adding supplementary feeding is a one-time supplement after grazing.

The foregoing specification illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, but as previously mentioned, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be construed as an exclusion of other embodiments, but may be used in a variety of other Combinations, modifications and environments are possible within the scope of the inventive concepts described herein, from the above teachings or from skill or knowledge in the relevant fields. However, modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. The feed for increasing the weight of the black goats is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of corn, 8.55-18.55 parts of wheat bran, 12-20 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-10 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1-0.2 part of sodium sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of salt and 0.05-0.15 part of trace element premix, wherein the feed also comprises 10g/50kg of multivitamin II, 25g/50kg of lysine and 50g/50kg of complex enzyme by mass total amount;

the content of the chrysanthemum powder in the feed is 10 percent; the nutrient components of the chrysanthemum powder are as follows: 11-13% of crude protein, 24-26% of crude fiber, 0.6% of lysine, 0.45% of cystine, 0.6% of fat, 0.02% of lutein, 1% of calcium, 0.2% of phosphorus and less than 12% of water.

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