CN1110502A - 除草剂组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

除草剂组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN1110502A
CN1110502A CN95102189A CN95102189A CN1110502A CN 1110502 A CN1110502 A CN 1110502A CN 95102189 A CN95102189 A CN 95102189A CN 95102189 A CN95102189 A CN 95102189A CN 1110502 A CN1110502 A CN 1110502A
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戴维·芒罗
拜平·帕特尔
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Abstract

本发明介绍了含有式Ⅰ化合物的除草剂组合物 及其应用。

Description

本发明涉及某些取代的N-苯甲酰苯胺和相关的苄酰胺、其制备方法、含有上述化合物的除草剂组合物以及它们在控制不良植物生长方面的应用。
美国专利说明书号3,719,707公开了可作为杀菌剂和驱虫剂的有如下通式的化合物:
Figure 951021893_IMG3
其中X1为卤原子,X2为氢原子或卤原子;Y1和Y2为卤原子;Y3为氢原子或羟基,Z为氧或硫,R为氢原子或低级链烷酰基。
据《化学文摘》54,3404i报道,V.B.Angadi等在J.Karnatak Univ.3,63-64(1958)上公开了化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG4
可用于照相材料中,并且发现其它相关化合物也可用于照相材料中。
现已发现,某些取代的N-苯甲酰苯胺和苄酰胺具有有用的除草活性。
本发明提供了通式(Ⅰ)所示的化合物:
Figure 951021893_IMG5
其中X1、X2和X3各自代表氢原子或卤原子或烷基;n为0或1;Z代表氢原子或卤原子,或氨基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷硫基或烷氧基,或可被卤代烷基取代的苯氧基;A代表CH或N;Y1和Y2各自代表氢原子或卤原子,或烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基或卤代烷氧基;当A代表CH且Y1和Y2中至少一个不为氢原子时W代表氢原子,或者当A代表N时W代表氢原子或卤原子;条件是当A代表N时,Y1和Y2均必须是氢原子。
烷基取代基或卤代烷基、烷硫基、烷氧基或卤代烷氧基取代基中的烷基部分可以是直链或支链,且碳原子数量最高可达12个、优选在6个、最优选在4个以内。优选的烷基是甲基,优选的卤代烷基是三氟甲基。
优选的是每-X1、X2和X3分别代表氢原子或卤原子或C1-C4烷基。更优选的是X1、X2和X3均代表氢原子、氟或氯原子或甲基。最优选的是X1、X2和X3中一个或多个代表氢原子、氟原子或氯原子。
优选Z代表氢原子或卤原子,或氨基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷硫基、合适的甲硫基或C1-C4-烷氧基,或可被C1-C4卤代烷基取代的苯氧基。更优选Z代表氢、氟、氯或溴原子,或甲基、三氟甲基或甲氧基,或3-三氟甲基苯氧基。最优选Z代表氢、氟或氯原子,或甲基。
优选Y1和Y2各自代表氢原子或卤原子,或C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基。更优选Y1和Y2之一代表氢原子、氟或氯原子,或甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基或三氟甲氧基,另一个则代表氢原子。在最优选的化合物中,Y1和Y2之一代表氢原子或氯原子或三氟甲基或三氟甲氧基,另一个则代表氢原子。
A代表CH或N。当A代表N时,为了维持除草活性则Y1和Y2均必须代表氢原子。但在优选的化合物中A代表CH基团。
W适于代表氢原子,或者在某些化合物(即其中A为CH且Y1和Y2中至少一个不为氢原子的化合物,尤其是其中A为N的化合物)中W可选择性地代表卤原子,适宜的是氟原子或氯原子。在最优选的化合物中W代表氢原子。
本发明也提供了一种制备如上所定义的通式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,它包括根据需要在一合适碱存在的情况下将通式(Ⅱ)化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG6
(其中M代表离去基团,T代表通式(Ⅲ)的基团
或M代表通式(Ⅳ)的基团
Figure 951021893_IMG8
T代表离去基团)与通式(Ⅴ)的化合物反应
Q-J(V)
其中当M代表离去基团且T代表式Ⅲ的基团时Q代表基团
Figure 951021893_IMG9
是、L代表氢原子;或者当M代表基团Ⅳ且T代表离去基团时Q代表基团
且L代表氢原子或单价阳离子,X1、X2、X3、n、Z、A、Y1、Y2和W的定义同前。
离去基团是在反应条件下从起始物质中脱去从而促进特定位点反应的任何基团。
当基团T中的A为CH时,作为式Ⅱ化合物中离去基团的M为卤原子较好(优选氯原子)。当基团T中的A为N时,则M适宜为羟基。
当作为离去基团存在于式Ⅱ化合物中时T适宜为卤原子(优选氟或氯原子)。
式Ⅱ化合物(其中M代表离去基团且T代表基团Ⅲ)与式Ⅴ的苯基-或苄基-胺的反应通常使用该类反应的常规技术进行。
在该方法的改进型中需要有碱的存在。合适的碱包括有机碱,如三乙胺和N-甲基吗啉等叔胺。
在式Ⅱ化合物(其中M代表基团Ⅳ,且T代表离去基团)与式Ⅴ的苯酚或吡啶酚或其反应性盐衍生物(即其中L为阳离子)的反应中,尤其适宜于其中Z为强的撒电子基团,如三氟甲基。在该反应之后,可采用常规技术(如还原)将所产生的本发明化合物转化为本发明的其它化合物(如其中Z为氨基的化合物)。
在该反应的改进型中当化合物V为苯酚或吡啶酚时需要一种碱以就地产生其反应性盐衍生物,尤其是碱金属盐。合适的碱包括碱金属氢化物(如氢化钠或氢化钾)、碱金属醇盐(如乙醇钠)或碱金属氢氧化物(如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾)。
但是,如果苯酚或吡啶酚已经为反应性盐衍生物的形式(即L为阳离子),则无需在碱存在的条件下进行该反应。
本发明的这两类反应都适宜在有机溶剂存在的情况下进行。合适的溶剂包括极性有机溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜和四氢呋喃)和烃类溶剂(如甲苯)。
每类反应的反应温度取决于所用的反应物质和所选择的偶联技术。一般来说,本发明方法可在-30至反应混合物回流温度的温度范围内进行。当制备其中A为CH的式Ⅰ化合物时,适宜于在从室温(20℃)至回流温度的温度范围内进行该反应。当制备其中A为N的化合物时,适宜于在从-20℃-0℃的范围内(如-15℃)进行反应。
化合物Ⅴ与化合物Ⅱ的摩尔比优选在1∶1-1.2∶1的范围内。
当A为N时优选这样的合成路线,即使用肽偶联剂(如氯甲酸异丁酯或二环己基碳二亚胺)将芳基苯基醚Ⅱ与苯胺或苄胺Ⅴ反应。
可采用常规技术分离和纯化本发明的化合物。
在氢氧化钾等碱存在的情况下,将通式(Ⅵ)的化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG11
(其中Z的定义同前,R代表烷基,优选C1-C6烷基)水解为相应的羧酸,或者将通式(Ⅶ)的化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG12
(其中Z的定义同前)水解为相应的羧酸,根据需要选择与亚硫酰氯等卤化剂反应以形成式Ⅱ的酰基卤(即其中M为卤原子),可方便地制备出其中M代表离去基团且T代表基团Ⅲ的式Ⅱ化合物。
在Ullmann偶联条件下,例如在铜(Ⅰ)盐(如氯化亚铜)存在下使用化合物Ⅸ的钠盐并利用二甲苯和吡啶作为助溶剂,将通式(Ⅷ)化合物
(其中R和Z的定义同前,L1代表离去基团,优选卤原子,尤其是氯或溴原子)与通式(Ⅸ)的化合物
T-H(Ⅸ)
(其中T为基团Ⅲ)反应,可制备出式Ⅵ的化合物。该合成途径仅适合于其中Z为非卤素且为例如供电子基团(如甲氧基或甲硫基)的化合物。
或者在氢化钠等强碱存在下,将通式(Ⅹ)的化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG14
(其中R1和Z的定义同前)与通式(Ⅺ)的化合物
T1-L2(Ⅺ)
(其中L2代表离去基团,优选卤原子,尤其是氯原子,且T1代表通式(Ⅻ)的基团
Figure 951021893_IMG15
其中Y1、Y2和W的定义同前)在极性有机溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺)中反应而制备出其中A为N的式Ⅵ化合物。
在氢氧化钠等碱存在的情况下使用如二甲基甲酰胺类极性有机溶剂,使通式(ⅩⅢ)的化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG16
(其中Z和定义同前,且L3代表离去基团,优选卤原子,尤其是氟或氯原子)与上面所定义的式Ⅸ化合物反应可制备出式Ⅶ的化合物。
式Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ和ⅩⅢ的化合物或者为已知化合物,或者可采用常规技术而制备。
在三乙胺等碱和二甲苯或甲苯等有机溶剂存在的情况下使通式(Ⅹ Ⅳ)的化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG17
(其中Z的T的定义同前,L4代表离去基团,优选卤原子,尤其是氯原子)与通式(ⅩⅤ)的化合物
M-H(ⅩⅤ)
(其中M的定义同前反应可很方便地制备出其中M代表基团Ⅳ且T代表离去基团的式Ⅱ化合物。
将通式(Ⅹ Ⅵ)的化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG18
(其中Z的定义同前,T为离去基团)与有机锂(如丁基锂)等强碱反应,然后水化处理,紧接着在氮气下在有机溶剂(如甲苯或二甲苯)中与卤化剂(如亚硫酰氯)反应,可以制备出式Ⅹ Ⅵ的化合物。
式ⅩⅤ和ⅩⅥ的化合物或者为已知化合物或者可利用常规技术制备。
已发现通式Ⅰ化合物具有除草活性。因此,本发明进而提供了一种除草剂组合物,该组合物包括一种载体和作为活性成分的如上所定义的通式Ⅰ化合物。也提供了该组合物的制备方法,它包括将如上所定义的式Ⅰ化合物与至少一种载体相结合。
本发明的组合物最好含有0.5%-95%(重量)的活性成分。
本发明组合物中的载体是与活性成分配制在一起而有助于施向待处理位点(例如植物、种子或土壤)或有助于保存、运输或装卸的任何物质。载体可以是固体或者是液体,包括在正常情况下为气体而被压缩成液体的物质。在配制除草组合物时通常所用的任何载体均可利用。
合适的固体载体包括天然和合成粘土和硅酸盐,如硅藻土等天然硅石;硅酸镁,如滑石;硅酸铵镁、如硅镁土和蛭石;硅酸铝,如高岭土、蒙脱土和云母;碳酸钙;硫酸钙;硫酸铵;人工的水合氧化硅和人工的硅酸钙或硅酸铝;元素,如碳和硫;天然和合成树脂,如苯并呋喃树脂、聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯聚合物和共聚物;固态氯苯酚;沥青;石蜡以及固体肥料,如过磷酸盐。
合适的液体载体包括:水;醇类,如异丙醇和乙二醇;酮类,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;醚类;芳香烃或脂族烃,如苯、甲苯和二甲苯;石油馏分,如煤油和轻质矿物油;氯代烃,如四氯化碳、全氯乙烯和三氯乙烷,不同液体的混合物常常是适用的。
常常以浓缩形式配制和运输农用组合物,然后在施用前由用户稀释。少量表面活性剂载体存在有助于这一稀释过程。因此,在本发明的组合物中最好至少有一种载体为表面活性剂。例如,该组合物可以含有至少两种载体,其中至少一种为表面活性剂。
表面活性剂可以是乳化剂、分散剂或湿润剂;它可以是非离子型,也可以是离子。表面活性剂的合适例子包括聚丙烯酸和二十四磺酸的钠盐或钙盐;分子中含有至少12个碳原子的脂肪酸或脂族胺或酰胺与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的缩合产物;甘油、山梨醇、蔗糖或季戊四醇的脂肪酸酯;它们与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的缩合产物;脂肪或烷基酚(如对辛基苯酚或对辛基甲酚)与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷混合产物;这些缩合产物的硫酸盐或磺酸盐;分子中含有至少10个碳原子的硫酸酯或磺酸酯的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐(最好是钠盐),如十二烷基硫酸钠、仲烷基硫酸钠、磺化蓖麻油的钠盐,以及烷芳基磺酸钠,如十二烷基苯磺酸钠;环氧乙烷的聚合物以及环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物。
例如,可将本发明的组合物配制成可湿性粉末、粉剂、颗粒、溶剂、可乳化浓缩物、乳液、悬浮液浓缩物和气溶胶。可湿性粉末通常含有25、50或75%(W)的活性成分。并且除固体惰性载体外通常还含有3-10%(W)的稳定剂和/或其它添加剂(如渗透剂或增稠剂)。通常将粉剂配成与可湿性粉末具有相似组成的粉尘组合物(但无分散剂),并在田间进一步用固体载体稀释成含有0.5-10%(W)活性成分的组合物。通常将颗粒剂配制成在10-100BS(1.676-0.152mm)之间的颗粒,并按附聚或浸渍技术制造。颗粒剂通常含有0.5-75%(W)的活性成分和0-10%的添加剂(如稳定剂、表面活性剂、慢速释放调节剂和粘合剂)。所谓的“干燥的可流动粉末”是由具有相对高浓度活性成分的比较小的颗粒组成。可乳化浓缩物通常除含有溶剂(如果需要的话还包括助溶剂)外,还含有10-50%(W/V)的活性成分、2-20%(W/V)的可乳化物以及0-20%(W/V)的其它添加剂(如稳定剂、渗透剂和抗腐蚀剂)。悬浮浓缩物通常是为了获得稳定的、非沉积可流动产物的化合物,含有10-75%(W)活性成分、0.5-15%(W)分散剂、0.1-10%(W)悬浮剂(如保护性胶体和触变剂)、0-10%(W)其它添加剂(如消泡剂、抗腐蚀剂、稳定剂、渗透剂和增稠剂)以及活性成分基本不溶于其中的水或有机液体;该配方中也可溶解某些有机固体或无机盐以防沉积或用作水的防冻剂。
水溶性分散液和乳液,例如通过用水稀释本发明的可湿性粉末或浓缩物而得到的组合物,也在本发明的范围之内。所说的乳液可以是水包油型或油包水型,并且具有厚“蛋黄酱”似的稠度。
本发明组合物也可含有其它活性成分,例如具有杀虫或杀真菌作用的化合物或其它除草剂。
本发明进一步提供了如上定义的通式Ⅰ化合物或组合物作为除草剂的应用以及用这类化合物或组合物控制某一区域不良植物生长的方法。这些区域可以是土壤或庄稼地中的植物。活性成分的剂量可以在例如0.01-10kg/公顷、优选0.01-5kg/公顷的范围内。
以下实施例说明了本发明。
实施例1
制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-氟苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺(X1=2-F;X2=4-F;X3=H;n=0;Z=F;A=CH;Y1=CH3;Y2=H;W=H)
(ⅰ)制备2-(3-氟甲基苯氧基)-5-氟苄腈
将细粉状的氢氧化钾(15g,0.19mol)加到3-氟甲基苯酚(29g,0.18mol)的二甲基甲酰胺(100ml)溶液中。加热反应混合物至约60℃,搅拌1小时后加入2,5-二氟苄氰(25g,0.19mol),并将温度增至110℃。约半小时后冷却反应混合物并真空除去过量的二甲基甲酰胺,然后加入500ml水与三氯甲烷的混合物(50∶50)。分离有机层、洗涤和干燥,并通过硅胶柱层析(以三氯甲烷为洗脱剂)纯化残余物,再经过蒸馏和重结晶后得到固体状标题化合物。
熔点:51℃。
分析(%)计算值C:59.8;H:2.5;N:5.0
实测值C:59.8;H:2.7;N:5.2
(ⅱ)制血2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-苯甲酸
将上面步骤(ⅰ)中获得的2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-氟苄腈(12g,0.04mol)加至乙二醇(15ml)中,然后将氢氧化钾(10g,0.125mol)的水(10ml)溶液加至该溶液中。回流反应混合物约4小时,冷却后加水(150ml)。用乙醚(100ml)萃取混合物,水层经酸化后进一步用三氯甲烷萃取(3×150ml)。有机层经分离、洗涤、干燥和硅胶柱层析(以3∶2(V/V)三氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂)后得到无色固体状标题化合物(10g,mol,产率为74%)。
熔点:106℃
分析(%)计算值C:56.0;H:2.7
实测值C:55.9;H:2.7
(ⅲ)制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-氟苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺
向上面步骤(ⅱ)中获得的2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-苯甲酸(6g,0.02mol)于甲苯(60ml)的溶液中加入亚硫酰氯(6ml)。将该反应混合物回流1小时后除去溶剂,保留残余物。将残余物再溶于甲苯(25ml),所得溶液加至2,4-二氟苯胺(2.6g,0.02mol)和三乙胺(3g,0.03mol)的混合物于甲苯(25ml)的溶液中,并让该反应在室温(20℃)条件下进行。所有反应结束后过滤反应混合物,对滤液进行硅胶柱层析(以三氯甲烷为洗脱剂),得到无色固体状2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-氟苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺(6.2g,0.015nmol,产率为76%)。
熔点:98℃
分析(%):计算值C:58.4;H:2.7;N:3.4
实测值C:58.9;H:2.6;N:3.7
实施例2
制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺(X1=2-F;X2=4-F;X3=H;n=0;Z=CH3;A=CH;Y1=CH;Y2=H;W=H)
(ⅰ)制备3-羧基,4-三氟甲苯
在氮气氛和约-60℃温度下,在1小时内将丁基锂(25N,200ml)加到4-氟三氟甲苯(75ml)于四氢呋喃(570ml)的溶液中。将反应混合物于-70至-60℃搅拌4小时后倒至过量干冰上。15分钟后蒸发掉过量干冰并除去溶剂,将留下的残余物溶于水(500ml)和氢氧化钠(1N,30ml),然后用乙酸乙酯洗涤(2×300ml),水相用浓盐酸酸化并用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×300ml)。最后,合并的有机相经水(500ml)洗、干燥和蒸发后产生粗残渣,再经甲苯/己烷重结晶后得到标题化合物固体(77g,0.37mol,81%)。
熔点:100℃
分析(%):计算值C:46.2;H:1.9
实测值C:46.1;H:1.7
(ⅱ)制备2-氟-5-三氟代甲基苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺将3-羧基,4-氟三氟甲苯(10g,0.05mol)(从上面步骤(ⅰ)得到的)溶于甲苯,并在氮气氛中搅拌下滴加过量的亚硫酰氯(10ml)。1小时后除去溶剂,将保留的残渣再溶于甲苯,并加至2,4-二氟苯胺(6.2g,0.05mol)和三乙胺(7g,0.07mol)的混合物于甲苯(50ml)的溶液中。过滤反应混合物,得到无沉淀的滤液,然后从其中除去溶剂。通过硅胶析层析(以三氯甲烷作为洗脱剂)纯化残余物得到无色固体状标题化合物(10.6g,0.03mol,产率为69%)。
熔点:126℃
分析(%):计算值C:52.7;H:2.2;N:4.4
实测值C:53.3;H:2.2;N:4.7
(ⅲ)制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-三氟甲基苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺
向无油氢化钠(0.7g,0.03mol)无水四氢呋喃(50ml)的悬浮液中小批量地加入三氟甲基苯酚(3.6g,0.022mol),并一次性地加入从上述步骤(ⅱ)得到的2-氟-5-三氟甲苯苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺。将该反应混合物回流1小时后除去溶剂,剩余的残余物在三氯甲烷和水(500ml,50∶50V/V)之间分配。有机层经分离、洗涤、干燥并最后在硅胶柱上纯化(以三氯甲烷作为洗脱剂)后产生无色固体状标题化合物(6.8g,0.015mol,产率67%)。
熔点:105℃
分析(%):计算值C:54.7;H:2.4;N:3.0
实测值C:55.6;H:2.6;N:3.0
实施例3
制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺(X1=2-F;X2=4-F;X3=H;n=0;Z=OCH3;A=CH;Y1=CF3;Y2=H;W=H)
(ⅰ)制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯
将钠(5.4g,0.23mol)的甲醇液(90ml)加到3-三氟甲基苯酚(36g,0.22mol)的二甲苯(200ml)溶液中,除去二甲苯。然后加入新鲜的二甲苯(200ml),然后通过真空蒸发将其除去,再加入新鲜二甲苯(200ml)以及氯化亚铜(6g,0.06mol)和吡啶(100ml),接着加入2-溴-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(50g,0.20mol)的二甲苯液(50ml),所得混合物回流过夜后倒入水中(100ml),用稀盐酸酸化并用乙醚萃取(2×500ml)。对有机层进行分离和硅胶柱层析(以三氯甲烷和己烷的混合物(50∶50,V/V)为洗脱液)后得到无色油状标题化合物(55.2g,0.17mol,产率为83%)。
熔点:140℃(于约1mmHg)
分析(%):计算值C:58.9;H:4.0
实测值C:58.6;H:4.1
(ⅱ)制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲酸
将步骤(ⅰ)中制得的2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(10g;0.03mol)溶于甲醇(20ml),并加入10%氢氧化钾水溶液(50ml)。将反应混合物回流均匀后(30分钟),用2N盐酸酸化,并加水(300ml)。用三氯甲烷(2×150ml)萃取所得混合物,合并后的萃取物在硅胶柱上层析(以三氯甲烷与乙酸乙酯的混合物(80∶20,V/V)作为洗脱剂)后得到无色固体。用甲苯/己烷重结晶该固体后得到标题化合物的无色晶体(7.5g,0.024mol,产率为78%)。
熔点:124℃
分析(%)计算值C:57.7;H:3.5
实测值C:57.6;H:3.9
(ⅲ)制备2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺
将亚硫酰氯(6ml)加至步骤(ⅱ)中得到的2-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-5-甲氧基苯甲酸(6g;0.02mol)甲苯(60ml)的溶液中。回流反应混合物1小时后除去溶剂,将所得残余物再溶于甲苯中(25ml),产生的溶液加至2,4-二氟苯胺(2.6g,0.02mol)与三乙胺(3g,0.03mol)的混合物中,在室温(约20℃)下进行反应。当反应完毕后,过滤反应混合物,滤液经硅胶柱层析(以三氯甲烷为洗脱液)后得到无色固体。用己烷/乙酸乙酯对该固体重结晶后得到为无色晶体态的标题化合物(6.5g,0.015mol,产率为80%)。
熔点:112℃
分析(%)计算值C:59.6;H:3.3;N:3.3
实测值C:59.9;H:3.5;N:3.7
实施例4
制备2-(5-氯-2-吡啶氧基)苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺(X1=2-F;X2=4-F;X3=H;n=0;Z=H;A=N;Y1=H;Y2=H;W=cl)
(ⅰ)制备2-(5-氯-2-吡啶氧)-苯甲酸乙酯
在氮气氛下在搅拌下将水杨酸乙酯(30g,0.18mol)滴加至无油氢化钠(5g,0.21mol)的无水二甲基甲酰胺(100ml)悬浮液中。1小时后加入2,5-二氯吡啶(26g,0.17mol),反应混合物回流48小时。真空除去二甲基甲酰胺,向残余物中加入1升50∶50(V/V)的水与三氯甲烷的混合物。有机层经分离、洗涤、干燥及最后的硅胶柱层析(以三氯甲烷和己烷的混合物(3∶1,V/V)作为洗脱液)后得到无色油状标题化合物(32.1g,0.115mol,64%)。
沸点:150℃(在约1mmHg压力下)。
分析(%):计算值C:60.5;H:4.3;N:5.1
实测值C:60.5;H:4.4;N:5.1
(ⅱ)制备2-(5-氯-2-吡啶氧)苯甲酸
将10%的氢氧化钾水溶液(120ml)加至由上述步骤(ⅰ)中制得的2-(5-氯-2-吡啶氧基)苯甲酸乙酯(30g,0.11mol)溶在乙醇(50ml)的溶液中。在搅拌下回流反应混合物30分钟至其均匀,然后用盐酸酸化(至PH2-3)并用三氯甲烷(500ml)萃取。有机层经分离、干燥和硅胶柱层析(以三氯甲烷与乙酸乙酯的50∶50V/V混合物为洗脱液)后产生无色固体状标题化合物(19.7g,0.08mol,产率为73%)。
熔点:159℃
分析(%)计算值C:57.7;H:3.2;N:5.6
实测值C:57.7;H:3.2;N:5.7
(ⅲ)制备2-(5-氯-2-吡啶氧基)苯甲酰-2′,4′-二氟苯胺
将前面步骤(ⅱ)中得到的2-(5-氯-2-吡啶氧基)苯甲酸(1.5g,0.006mol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(20ml),冷却至-15℃后依次用N-甲基吗啉(1ml)和氯甲酸异丁酯(1ml)处理。在约-15℃搅拌所得的混合物,1分钟后,加入2,4-二氟苯胺(0.8g,0.006mol),于用样温度下继续搅拌30分钟后加入10%(V/V)柠檬酸(%)ml)水溶液。用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×50ml);合并有机萃取物,经干燥和硅胶柱层析后得到无色固体状标题化合物(1.2g,0.0033mol,产率为54%)。
熔点:138℃
分析(%)计算值C:59.9;H:3.1;N:7.8
实测值C:60.2;H:3.1;N:7.5
实施例5-41
按照本发明并用与上面实施例1-4相似的方法制备的化合物的细目列于表Ⅰ中。表1中化合物与通式1一致。表1A中给出了实施例5-41的化合物的熔点/沸点数据和元素分析数据。
Figure 951021893_IMG19
Figure 951021893_IMG20
Figure 951021893_IMG21
Figure 951021893_IMG23
Figure 951021893_IMG24
实施例42
除草活性
为了评估本发明化合物的除草活性,选用以下代表性植物进行试验:玉米[Zea.mays(Mz)];水稻[Oryza sativa(R)];稗[Echinochloa crusgalli(BG)];燕麦[Avena sativa(O)];亚麻子[Linum usitatissimun(L)];芥[Sinapsis alba(M)];甜菜[Beta vulgaris(SB)];以及大豆[Glycine max(S)]。
试验分为两类,即出苗前和出苗后。出苗前试验包括向刚刚播种过上述植物种子的目壤上喷洒本发明化合物的液体配方。出苗后试验又涉及两类试验,即土壤浸泡试验和叶面喷雾试验。在土壤浸泡试验中是用含有本发明化合物的液体配方浸泡生长有上述植物实生苗的土壤,而在叶面喷雾试验中是用该配方对苗木进行喷雾。
用于该试验的土为制备的园艺用肥土。
用于该试验的配方由试验化合物的丙酮溶液制得,它含有0.4%(W)的烷基酚-环氧乙烷缩合物(商品名为TRITONX-155)。用水稀释该丙酮溶液,在土壤喷洒和叶喷雾试验中,将所得配方按每公顷5kg或1kg活性物质的剂量水平施用,其量相当于每公顷600升。在土壤浸泡试验中是按每公顷10kg活性物质的剂量水平施用,其量相当于每公顷约3,000升。
出苗前试验中用未处理过的播种土壤作为对照;在出苗后试验中用未处理过的长着植物苗的土壤作为对照。
喷洒叶和土壤12天后以及浸泡土壤13天后,对试验化合物的除草效果进行评估,并按0-9的等级进行记录。0级表示象未处理的对照一样生长,9级表示死亡。等级每提高1个单位相当于作用水平增加10%。
试验结果示于下面的表Ⅱ,其中化合物是用实施例号表示。表中空缺的数字表示0级。星号表示未得到结果。
Figure 951021893_IMG25
Figure 951021893_IMG27
Figure 951021893_IMG28
Figure 951021893_IMG30
Figure 951021893_IMG31
Figure 951021893_IMG32
Figure 951021893_IMG33

Claims (4)

1、一种除草剂组合物,它包括一种载体和作为活性成分的一种如通式(Ⅰ)的化合物
Figure 951021893_IMG2
其中X1、X2和X3各自代表氢原子或卤原子或烷基;n为0或1;Z代表氢原子或卤原子、氨基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷硫基、烷氧基或可被卤代烷基取代的苯氧基;A代表CH或N;Y1和Y2各自代表氢原子、卤原子、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基或卤代烷氧基;W代表氢原子,或者当A代表CH且Y1和Y2中至少一个不是氢原子或当A代表N时,W代表氢原子或卤原子;条件是当A代表N时Y1和Y2均代表氢原子。
2、如权利要求1所述的组合物,它包括至少两种载体,其中至少一种为表面活性剂。
3、一种控制某区域中不良植物生长的方法,它包括用权利要求1或2所定义的组合物处理该区域。
4、如权利要求1或2所定义的组合物作为除草剂的应用。
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