CN1110409C - 包装材料和用它制成的防光包装容器 - Google Patents

包装材料和用它制成的防光包装容器 Download PDF

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CN1110409C
CN1110409C CN99806476A CN99806476A CN1110409C CN 1110409 C CN1110409 C CN 1110409C CN 99806476 A CN99806476 A CN 99806476A CN 99806476 A CN99806476 A CN 99806476A CN 1110409 C CN1110409 C CN 1110409C
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L·贝里霍尔茨
L·克林特
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
    • B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
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    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2439/40—Closed containers
    • B32B2439/60—Bottles
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Abstract

一种包装材料和用它制成的防光包装容器如瓶子。该包装材料(10)包括至少一个矿物填充的塑料层，该层为了提高光障的目的，还包括炭黑微粒(11c)。该包装材料(10)最好为三层式，含有炭黑的矿物充填层(11)被设置在两个外部塑料层(12、13)之间，外部层(12、13)所用塑料最好与中间层(11)相同。为了遮盖含有炭黑的中间层，至少一个最好两个外部塑料层敷上最好为二氧化钛(TiO2)的白色涂剂。瓶子用本发明的包装材料经过复合的挤压和吹塑操作制成，可使用传统的过程设备。

Description

包装材料和用它制成的防光包装容器
技术领域
本发明涉及的包装材料包括一种由多层塑料永久地互相连接在一起，并且为了提高光障的性能，其中至少有一层包括分布着的炭黑微粒。本发明还涉及供光敏制品用的包装材料制成的容器。
背景技术
上述型式的包装材料和包装容器在本行业中一般都知道。例如市场上有供售用这样的三层材料经过复合的挤压/吹塑操作而制成的瓶子。构成这种瓶子的材料有一个掺和着炭黑微粒的HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)的中间层和两个在外面的HDPE层。
现有技术的瓶子特别是被用来运输所谓UHT(超高温处理)牛奶，即为了延长它在货架上的寿命，使它受到的为133-150℃的热处理经过约1-2秒钟以资减少或消除在牛奶内的有害微生物的数量。
由于牛奶对光非常敏感，它不能长期暴露在光下特别是在紫外线的波长范围内而不被损害，因此重要的是牛奶应被存储在其包装容器内，使它不会不必要地暴露在来自周围环境的紫外线辐射中。
只是含有HDPE的塑料层，对光特别是紫外线，差不多完全没有阻挡的能力，因此不能单独提供光保护，而这个光保护是为了使牛奶能以所需延长的货架寿命存储所必需的。为了使牛奶能够长期存储在现有技术的瓶子内。因此能够吸收光的材料微粒，通常为炭黑，被采用到包装材料的中间层内。这些微粒能有效地吸收光，从而能防止来自瓶子外部周围环境的投射光穿透瓶子的壁材料而来到被包装的牛奶上。
但在现有技术的包装材料中要采用大量的炭黑微粒，以致使中间层变得非常的黑，通过在瓶子外面的HDPE层，马上可以看到墨黑的中间层，如果中间层不予以遮蔽的话，将使瓶子具有不能打动人的黑色的外观。为了遮蔽这样变黑的中间层，因此在瓶子外面的HDPE层上以足够的数量敷有二氧化钛(TiO2)的白色涂剂，以资遮盖在下面的黑色中间层，从而赋予瓶子一个较能吸引顾客的白色的外观。
但如上所述，在现有技术的三层材料中固有的问题为，为了得到必要的光障性能，在中间层上需要较大数量的变黑的炭黑微粒，同时在外层上还需要相应的大量白色涂剂(TiO2)，以资遮盖由碳粒引起的不需要的变黑。这点虽然并非必要，但往往不可避免会增加材料消耗，从而增加生产该材料的材料费用。
另外一个涉及不必要的大量使用炭黑微粒的缺点在于，在瓶子的生产过程中产生的废料不能直接投入过程中再循环，因为废料非常黑，必须首先加入白色涂料(TiO2)或其他白的着色剂使它白化，才能在过程中再循环使用。这样一个处理包括额外的材料消耗和增加的材料费用，常会使再循环使用无利可图。
本发明的目的
因此，构成本发明基础的课题是要提供一种具有引言中所述那种型式的包装材料，该包装材料既不需大量的炭黑微粒来得到优越的光障性能，也不需大量的白色涂剂或其他白的着色剂来使包装材料具有白色的外观。
解决方案
按照本发明，本课题是用一种具有所附权利要求1中列出的特征要点的包装材料来解决的。本发明的改进和合适的实施例还被赋予所附从属权利要求中列出的特征要点。
本发明综述
本发明是一个惊人发现的结果。曾经发现，在充满矿物的塑料的薄膜或薄板中，如果加入吸光的炭黑微粒，可以得到一个复叠增加的光障。通过实验，已可肯定填充矿物的塑料薄膜具有固有的光障性能，但本身还不足以防止紫外线的不需要的传播，如果在其中加入极少数量的炭黑，光障性能便可显著提高，与现有的行业工艺相比，炭黑只是引起少量的变黑。从视觉上来说可这样表达，即按照本发明的包装材料内的中间层只是被变成灰色，而在现有技术的包装材料内的中间层完全是黑的。
采用本发明能惊人地得到叠加光障效果的机理还没有完全弄清，但从事实看也许可以这样解释，即由于光在众多微粒上反射，能够反射光的矿物微粒使中间层内投射光的光线路径延长，从而使光碰撞在能够吸收光的微粒上并被它吸收的概率增加。但这个解释不应被看作唯一可想像的解释，而是最好把它认为是说明本发明工作的假说。
在充填矿物的中间层内的材料包括一个塑料化合物和众多嵌在化合物内的微粒，在这些微粒中，一方面有能反射光的材料，在另一方面还有能吸收光的材料。
实际上作为基体的化合物可以是任何一种合适的塑料如聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺等，但最好用聚烯烃类塑料，它已在瓶子型的商业包装容器上被应用。
这种聚烯烃类塑料的实例为聚乙烯如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)，及聚丙烯(PP)，不管是均聚物型还是共聚物型如乙烯和丙烯的共聚物，其熔化指数按照ASTM(美国材料试验标准)在0.5到5之间(2.16kg；230℃)，这是一种在包装行业范围内已为人熟知的、非常确实的共聚物。
作为充填在中间层内的反射光的矿物，可以采用微晶高岭土、白云石、碳酸钙、白垩、滑石、云母、粘土等中的任何一种合适的微粒，但最好采用白云石的微粒，因为它既容易得到而且被批准可用在食品包装上。
按照本发明的包装材料内的中间层所用矿物充填的塑料化合物的例子，可参考EP 0353991、EP 0353498、EP 0 494594、EP0 494595、EP 0512364、EP(94105439.7)、EP(95926568.7)或EP(96935679.9)中的说明。按照这些说明，矿物充填的塑料化合物最好包括一个乙烯和丙烯的共聚物，其熔化指数按照ASTM在0.5和5之间(2.16kg；230℃)，而混合在塑料化合物内的白垩微粒，其量为矿物充填化合物的总重量的50到80％。
按照本发明的包装材料内的中间层内的吸收光的材料，已如上述，可以采用炭黑微粒，炭黑微粒虽然只用极少的数量，但与上述矿物充填的化合物结合，可以得到叠加的效果。为了得到所需的光障，加入的炭黑的数量可少到只有中间层总重量的0.04-1％，已足可有效地阻止光特别是紫外线的传播，同时炭黑微粒只是将中间层变色(变黑)到不显著的程度。
在按照本发明的包装材料的一个较优实施例中，构成中间层的聚烯烃塑料化合物含有3到80％的充填微粒如微晶高岭土、白云石、CaCO3、滑石、云母、粘土等，还含有0.04至1％的炭黑的能吸收光和微粒。
按照本发明的包装材料内的外部塑料层可以、只是并非必需与中间层用同样的塑料化合物构成。但最好对包括在包装材料内的各层都采用相同的塑料化合物，因为这种均质材料与各层采用不同的塑料化合物的非均质材料相比具有重大的优点。
在包装材料的各层内采用相同的塑料化合物的均质材料能够利用现有的过程设备和传统的挤压过程容易地生产出来，不需粘结剂(胶粘剂)或其他作用剂便可将共同挤压的材料层永久地连结在一起。
附图简要说明
本发明将结合附图在下面作较详细的说明。
图中所示为按照本发明的瓶型包装容器用的一种特别好的包装材料的概略的剖面图。
较优实施例说明
图中的包装材料10为一个三层结构，由中间层11及在其两侧的外部层12和13构成。
中间层11由一个塑料化合物11a和基本上均匀地分布在化合物的矿物填充微粒11b(图中的空白小方块)和炭黑微粒11c(图中的黑点)构成，炭黑微粒最好不规则地分布在化合物11a内的矿物微粒11b之间。
在中间层11内的化合物11a如前所述，基本上可由任何一种在包装范围内迂到的塑料构成，但最好是聚烯烃类的塑料。
在中间层11内的矿物微粒11b也可由任何一种合适的微粒如微晶高岭土、白云石、碳酸钙、滑石、云母、volastonite、粘土等构成，但在所示例子中是由已知包装材料中曾迂到的白云石构成。
矿物微粒的数量可在一个很大的范围内变化，从化合物总重量的约3％到约80％。最好，在中间层11内的白垩的数量为化合物总重量的约65％。这个较优的数量能赋予中间层11良好的刚度，从而可用按照本发明的包装材料10生产出形状稳定、容易搬运的瓶子。
如前所述，一个由塑料化合物和分布在其内的矿物微粒构成的中间层本身虽然有一定的光障性能，但在整体上用来防止光特别是紫外线的传播却是不够的，而按照本发明，它能被最有效地利用来得到所需的总的光障主要是对紫外光的光障。
为了上述目的，中间层11还包括能吸收光的炭黑微粒11c，炭黑微粒11c连同同时出现的矿物微粒11b，具有能叠加地提高光障的效果，并且炭黑微粒即使数量很少，也能为整体实现一个有效的光障，从而可防止紫外光通过中间层11的传播。
在中间层11内炭黑的数量一般在中间层总重量的0.04-1％的范围内，这个数量为了得到上述的叠加效果已足够大，但同时又足够小使中间层不会过分变黑。
在中间层11的两侧上的两个外部层12、13如同中间层一样，具有一个塑料化合物，这个塑料化合物在原理上可以采用在包装行业范围内所遇到的任何一种塑料。另外，外部层12和13可具有互相不同的化合物，但最好具有相同的塑料化合物，而且最好是与中间层11内的塑料相同的塑料。在所示实施例中，两个外部层12、13各具有一个聚烯烃类塑料的化合物和高密度聚乙烯及乙烯和丙烯的共聚物，其熔化指数按照ASTM在0.5到5之间(2.16kg；230℃)。
由于在中间层11内吸收光的炭黑微粒给中间层带来可通过两个外部层12和13看到的一定的灰色色调，合适的做法(在某些情况下需要)是尽可能将中间层11遮蔽起来。为此目的，因此至少在由包包装材料10制出的包装容器或瓶子上形成其外侧的那一层被合适地涂上白色涂料。如果中间层也被涂上白色涂料当然更好。采用二氧化钛(TiO2)为白色涂料是有利的。
由于在中间层11内的炭黑数量极少，中间层11只是轻微地变黑，因此只需在外部层12、13中的一层或两层上采用数量极少的白色涂剂(TiO2)便可遮盖中间层11。白色涂料的合适数量可以变化到分别约为外部层总重和中间层总重的5％，取决于在中间层内炭黑的相关数量。
用上述包装材料10生产的瓶子可用复合的挤压和吹塑操作来制造。这种制造技术是本行业的行家所熟悉的并在例如已出版的瑞典专利申请9503 537-4号中有说明，其有关部分被包括在本文内供参考。要知进一步细节可查原文。
用复合的挤压和吹塑从按照本发明的包装材料生产出来的瓶子，一般都可有效地应用在对光敏感的产品上，但它被证实对所谓UHT牛奶特别有效，牛奶可长期地存储在这种瓶子里达好几个星期，不会由于光照而被损坏。另外，瓶子很轻、容易搬运、同时在里面有炭黑的情况下具有动人的白色外观。
由上可知本发明以极简单的方法达到其目的，同时与现有技术相比，能以较低的材料消耗从而能以较低的材料费用来生产。
本发明并不仅限于上述实施例。显然，本行业的行家能在上述基础上对个别细节作出各种替代和修改而并不离开在所附权利要求中限定的本发明的创意和范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种单层或多层型的包装材料包括至少一塑料层(11)，该层为了提高光障的目的，含有炭黑微粒(11c)，其特征为，炭黑的数量为塑料层(11)总重量的0.04-1％；含有炭黑的一层还包括基本上均匀分布在该层化合物(11a)内的矿物微粒(11b)，其数量为该层总重量的约3至80％。
2.按权利要求1的包装材料，其特征为，充填矿物并含有炭黑的那一层(11)的化合物(11a)为聚烯烃类塑料。
3.按以上权利要求中任一项的包装材料，其特征为，在含有炭黑的矿物填充层(11)内的化合物(11a)为高密度聚乙烯或乙烯和丙烯的共聚物，其熔化指数按照ASTM在0.5到5之间(2.16kg；230℃)。
4.按以上权利要求中任一项的包装材料，其特征为，含有炭黑的矿物填充层在其两侧被塑料外层(12、13)围住，所说外层(12、13)不用中间的粘结剂或胶粘剂而与该层(11)永久地连结在一起。
5.按权利要求4的包装材料，其特征为，该两外层(12、13)系由与中间层(11)内相同的塑料构成。
6.按权利要求4或5的包装材料，其特征为，两外塑料层(12、13)中的一层包括白色涂剂或其他白色着色剂，以资至少从一个方向掩盖含有炭黑的中间层(11)。
7.一种包装容器，可以是供光敏制品用的瓶子，其特征为，所说包装容器用以上权利要求中任一项的包装材料经过复合的挤压和吹塑作业制成。
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